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Liang Q, Ge S, Liu C, Quan X, Tan B, Xu K, Zou H. The effect of composite PHB coating on the biological properties of a magnesium based alloy. J Biomater Appl 2021; 35:1264-1274. [PMID: 33632006 DOI: 10.1177/0885328221998040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have been widely investigated as biodegradable cardiovascular temporal implants due to their better mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but the rapid degradation limited its application. In this study, the anodic oxidation-Cu structure was used to improve the adhesive strength and stability between poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and magnesium alloys, and the effects of anodic oxidation magnesium alloys with copper film and PHB film (MACP) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), blood compatibility and antibacterial properties were investigated in this research. As the result, the MACP structure had a stable structure and better corrosion resistance, and significant antibacterial properties. The coating would not affect the original excellent biocompatibility of the magnesium alloy. It was indicated that MACP was a potential surface modification strategy for vascular stents candidate material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liang
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Quan
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Binbin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- China Coal Mining Group Chongqing Research Institute Co. LTD., Chongqing, China
| | - Hanyan Zou
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
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Debono J, Bos MHA, Coimbra F, Ge L, Frank N, Kwok HF, Fry BG. Basal but divergent: Clinical implications of differential coagulotoxicity in a clade of Asian vipers. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:195-206. [PMID: 30930232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Envenomations by Asian pitvipers can induce multiple clinical complications resulting from coagulopathic and neuropathic effects. While intense research has been undertaken for some species, functional coagulopathic effects have been neglected. As these species' venoms affect the blood coagulation cascade we investigated their effects upon the human clotting cascade using venoms of species from the Azemiops, Calloselasma, Deinagkistrodon and Hypnale genera. Calloselasma rhodostoma, Deinagkistrodon acutus, and Hypnale hypnale produced net anticoagulant effects through pseudo-procoagulant clotting of fibrinogen, resulting in weak, unstable, transient fibrin clots. Tropidolaemus wagleri was only weakly pseudo-procoagulant, clotting fibrinogen with only a negligible net anticoagulant effect. Azemiops feae and Tropidolaemus subannulatus did not affect clotting. This is the first study to examine in a phylogenetic context the coagulotoxic effects of related genera of basal Asiatic pit-vipers. The results reveal substantial variation between sister genera, providing crucial information about clinical effects and implications for antivenom cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Debono
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mettine H A Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco Coimbra
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lilin Ge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210046, China
| | | | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Su HY, Huang SW, Mao YC, Liu MW, Lee KH, Lai PF, Tsai MJ. Clinical and laboratory features distinguishing between Deinagkistrodon acutus and Daboia siamensis envenomation. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:43. [PMID: 30607144 PMCID: PMC6307318 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are 6 species of venomous snakes in Taiwan. Two of them, Deinagkistrodon acutus (D. acutus) and Daboia siamensis (D. siamensis), can cause significant coagulopathy. However, a significant proportion of patients with snakebites cannot identify the correct snake species after envenomation, which hampers the application of antivenom. Hence, the differential diagnosis between the two snakebites by clinical presentations is important. This study aims to compare their clinical and laboratory features for the purpose of differential diagnosis between the two snakebites. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who arrived at the emergency department due to D. acutus or D. siamensis envenomation, between 2003 and 2016, in one medical center in eastern Taiwan. Since these snakebites are rare, we also included 3 cases reported from another hospital in central Taiwan. Results In total, 15 patients bitten by D. acutus and 12 patients by D. siamensis were analyzed. Hemorrhagic bulla formation and the need for surgical intervention only presented for D. acutus envenomation cases (Both 53.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.003). As to laboratory features, lower platelet counts (20.0 × 103/μL [interquartile range, 14–66 × 103/μL] vs. 149.0 × 103/μL [102.3–274.3 × 103/μL], P = 0.001), lower D-dimer level (1423.4 μg/L [713.4–4212.3 μg/L] vs. 12,500.0 μg/L [2351.4–200,000 μg/L], P = 0.008), higher proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 × 103/μL) (80% vs. 16.7%, odds ratio (OR) = 20.0, 95% CI, 2.77–144.31; P = 0.002), and lower proportion of patients with extremely high D-dimer (> 5000 ng/mL) (16.7% vs. 66.7%, adjusted OR = 0.1 (95% CI, 0.01–0.69; P = 0.036) were found among cases of D. acutus envenomation compared to D. siamensis envenomation. The combination of hemorrhagic bulla, thrombocytopenia, and a lack of extremely high D-dimer had good discriminatory power (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.965; 95% CI, 0.904–1.00) for distinguishing D. acutus from D. siamensis envenomation. Conclusions The presentation of moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 × 103/μL) and hemorrhagic bulla formation may indicate D. acutus envenomation. However, the envenomed patient with extremely high D-dimer levels may indicate a D. siamensis envenomation. These findings may help diagnose and select the right antivenom in patients with unknown snakebites who present significant coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Su
- 1Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- 4Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wen Liu
- 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- 1Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Lai
- 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Tsai
- 5Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, No. 539, Zhongxiao Road, East District, Chiayi City, 600 Taiwan
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Cheng CL, Mao YC, Liu PY, Chiang LC, Liao SC, Yang CC. Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation: a report of three cases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:20. [PMID: 28344596 PMCID: PMC5364662 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation is associated with severe hematological and wound complications but is rarely described. Case presentation Herein, we report three cases of victims bitten by D. acutus and indicate that rapid-onset severe coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia are distinct features of D. acutus snakebite, which are not observed in other crotaline snakebites (i.e., Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) in Taiwan. The toxic effects could occur as early as 2 to 3 h following D. acutus envenomation and persist if the administration of specific antivenom is delayed or even not commenced. Based on our findings, 2 to 4 vials of specific antivenom as the first dose should be administered to victims and repeated at 6 to 8 h intervals if coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia persists. Fresh frozen plasma or platelet replacement is probably safe as an adjunct therapy for D. acutus bite in the presence of venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy. Conclusion Severe coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia could occur as early as 2 to 3 h after D. acutus envenomation. The current recommendation for antivenom is 2 to 4 vials as the first dose and repeated every 6– to 8 h if coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia persists. These cases studied may be helpful to first-line medical personnel in the early diagnosis and management of D. acutus envenomation among other crotaline snakebites in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lung Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec. 2, Shipai Road., Taipei, 112 Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- National Tsing Hua University, College of Life Sciences, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Zhunan, Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liao
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Guang Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec. 2, Shipai Road., Taipei, 112 Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Structural characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides of Defibrase from Agikistrodon acutus by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2010; 55:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Deinagkistrodon acutus venom contains a collection of anticoagulant proteins that has been reported to prevent prothrombinase assembly (Teng and Seegers, 1981, Thromb. Res. 23, 255). A partial sequence indicates that these proteins are related to the functionally equivalent protein in Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Atoda et al., 1991, J. Biochem. 106, 808). Inhibition of prothrombinase, the complex of Factors Xa and Va combined with phospholipids, is expressed in bovine, human, and rat plasmas as indicated by an assay dependent on only prothrombinase activity. The concentration dependence of inhibition of prothrombin conversion by different combinations of the components of bovine prothrombinase under the same conditions yielded estimates of apparent dissociation constants of 104 nM and 2 nM for complexes of the inhibitor with Factor Xa and with Factors Xa and Va, respectively. Because this inhibitor does not prevent Factor Xa alone from converting prothrombin, but blocks the other combinations, we conclude the inhibitor prevents the complex of Factors Xa and Va from binding to phospholipid surfaces and to prothrombin. The inhibitor also blocks the activation of Factor X by Factor VIIa and thromboplastin as well. However, the inhibitor has no effect on thrombin-induced clotting or fibrinolysis induced by either plasminogen activator or streptokinase. Therefore, this inhibitor has several properties required of an anticoagulant, therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190
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Ouyang C, Teng CM, Huang TF. Characterization of snake venom components acting on blood coagulation and platelet function. Toxicon 1992; 30:945-66. [PMID: 1440652 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(92)90040-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms can affect blood coagulation and platelet function in various ways. The physicochemical properties and the mechanisms of actions of the snake venom components affecting blood coagulation and platelet function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C
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Ouyang C, Teng CM, Huang TF. Characterization of snake venom principles affecting blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1990; 281:151-63. [PMID: 2102609 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Ouyang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Pirkle H, Theodor I. Thrombin-like venom enzymes: structure and function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1990; 281:165-75. [PMID: 2102610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Pirkle
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717
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Ouyang C, Huang TF. Alpha and beta-fibrinogenases from Trimeresurus gramineus snake venom. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 571:270-83. [PMID: 41582 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(79)90097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By means of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 Column chromatography, Trimeresurus gramineus venom was separated into twelve fractions. The fibrinogenolytic activities were distributed in Fractions 1 and 10. These enzymes were further purified by gel filtration and were homogeneous as judged by cellulose acetate membrane, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. Both of them were single peptide chains. The sedimentation constants of alpha- (Fraction 1) and beta-fibrinogenases (Fraction 10) were 2.20 and 3.60, respectively. The molecular weights of alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases were 23 500 and 25 000 respectively. The contents of proline and glycine were higher in beta-fibrinogenase than in alpha-fibrinogenase. The isoelectric points of alpha-fibrinogenase and beta-fibrinogenase were pH greater than 10 and 4.5, respectively. The optimal pH of alpha-fibrinogenase was approx. 7.4 and that of beta-fibrinogenase was approx. 9.0. The activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was completely destroyed after 30 min at 60 degrees C, pH 5.4, 7.4 and 9.0, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was much less affected by the same treatment. The specific fibrinogenolytic activity alpha-fibrinogenase was 31 mg fibrinogen/min per mg protein, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was 9 mg fibrinogen/min per mg protein. alpha-Fibrinogenase cleaved specifically the alpha(A) chain of monomeric fibrinogen without cleaving the beta(B) chain and gamma-chain. beta-fibrinogenase preferentially cleaved the beta(B) chain, and the alpha(A) chain was also partially cleaved by beta-fibrinogenase, if the incubation time was prolonged. Both enzymes showed proteolytic activities toward fibrinogen, fibrin and casein, but were devoid of phospholipase A, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities found in the crude venom. The tosyl-L-arginine methylester esterase activity of beta-fibrinogenase was about 14 times that of crude venom, while alpha-fibrinogenase was completely devoid of this activity. The fibrinogenolytic activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was markedly inhibited by EDTA and cysteine, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was inhibited markedly by phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride. alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases exert their fibrinogenolytic activity by a direct action on fibrinogen or fibrin without activation of plasminogen.
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