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De Boer G, Van Vloten J, Hartog L. Comparison of complement fixation and phenotypic mixing tests for the detection of lymphoid leukosis virus in egg albumen and embryos of individual eggs. Avian Pathol 2007; 9:207-18. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458008418405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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2
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Ronfort C, Chebloune Y, Cosset FL, Faure C, Nigon VM, Verdier G. Structure and expression of endogenous retroviral sequences in the permanent LMH chicken cell line. Poult Sci 1995; 74:127-35. [PMID: 7899200 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0740127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
From DNA mapping data, four endogenous proviral loci have been observed in the chicken permanent cell line LMH. The locus corresponding to endogenous virus (ev) ev1 is present in duplicate whereas the locus corresponding to ev3 is present in one copy. The other loci are probably ev6 and a solitary long terminal repeat. A RNA Northern blot analysis revealed both ev3 and ev6 transcripts but no ev1 transcript was detected. Using avian leukosis virus (ALV)-based vectors, transcomplementing assays were performed. They demonstrate the correct expression and maturation of endogenous env proteins and the absence of production of functional gag and pol components, indicating that these cells are not competent for viral production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ronfort
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR106, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
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Darcel C. Reflections on the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the acute avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses with special reference to avian erythroblastosis. Vet Res Commun 1994; 18:397-415. [PMID: 7863611 DOI: 10.1007/bf01839290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The various diseases that follow experimental infection with the acute and non-acute avian oncoviruses are discussed with special reference to the pathogenesis of avian erythroblastosis. One view, based on in vitro studies, sees erythroblastosis as the product of a failure in the differentiation of virus-infected stem cells to mature erythrocytes, as a result of cell 'transformation'. The results of some in vivo studies, however, point to a resemblance of the disease to a haemolytic anaemia, where cellular death is an important component. It seems probable that the disease is the result of transformation of cells of the erythroblastic series followed by the death of many of these cells due to influences that have not yet been determined. Determination of the causes of this cellular death may prove to be as important for our understanding of the problem of leukaemia as the work that has already been accomplished in explaining the causes of cell transformation. It is also suggested that the tendency of gs amino acid sequences of the avian leukosis viruses and mouse leukaemia viruses to form fusion proteins with a variety of proto-oncogenes may be part of a wider phenomenon, and that these sequences may fuse with other proteins, altering their properties. More work is required on the possibility that there is an undiscovered immunological component in the progression of the L/S diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Darcel
- Palliser Animal Health Laboratories Ltd, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Ronfort C, Afanassieff M, Chebloune Y, Dambrine G, Nigon VM, Verdier G. Identification and structure analysis of endogenous proviral sequences in a Brown Leghorn chicken strain. Poult Sci 1991; 70:2161-75. [PMID: 1659694 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0702161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In a Brown Leghorn chicken strain, four endogenous proviral loci have been identified. The DNA mapping data show strong homology between their structures and that of the Rous-associated virus O (RAV-O) genome. Two of them seem similar to ev3 and ev6 loci previously described in White Leghorn chickens; the two others are unknown in White Leghorns. Using DNA amplification methods, envelope genes of these endogenous viral structures have been partially sequenced. The results demonstrate that subgroup-specific sequences of the endogenous loci were largely homologous with those of RAV-O.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ronfort
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique LA810, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
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Deletion in the 3' pol sequence correlates with aberration of RNA expression in certain replication-defective avian sarcoma viruses. J Virol 1985; 54:446-59. [PMID: 2985807 PMCID: PMC254816 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.54.2.446-459.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA expression of a series of replication-defective recovered avian sarcoma viruses (rASVs) were studied. Abnormal-sized viral RNAs, both larger and smaller than the genome, were observed in the nonproducer cells infected with rASVs containing env and pol deletions. Each nonproducer clone contained a single provirus integrated at a unique site and expressed a unique RNA pattern. Upon rescuing of the sarcoma virus with a helper virus and subsequent cloning, the RNA pattern of individual nonproducer clones again displayed variation according to the integration sites. This was not seen in nondefective rASV or in rASVs containing only an env deletion. The aberrant RNA expression did not result from the lack of reverse transcriptase activity per se, since neither nonconditional nor temperature-sensitive mutants of RSV expressed abnormal viral RNAs in the absence of a functional reverse transcriptase. The abnormal RNA patterns could not be corrected in trans by helper virus functions. The unusual-sized RNAs in env- pol- rASV-infected cells are not due to splicing to alternative acceptor sites for src mRNA because there are no extra viral sequences between the 5' leader and the src sequences; instead, they are due to the presence of extra sequences, most likely of cellular origin, at the 3' ends of the viral RNAs. Based upon the extent of deletions in the viral genomes, the data suggest that deletion in the 3' pol region of those rASVs results in a cis effect on the transcription and processing of the 3' ends of viral RNAs. The unusual-sized viral RNAs are most likely due to read-through transcription from the right-hand terminus of provirus into downstream cellular sequences, followed by cleavage and polyadenylation at multiple sites of the 3' region of the RNA transcripts. The extent of read-through transcription appears to depend on the chromosomal location of the provirus.
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Pearson MN, Karchesy JJ, Deeney AO, Deinzer ML, Beaudreau GS. Induction of endogenous avian tumor virus gene expression by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Chem Biol Interact 1984; 49:341-50. [PMID: 6202431 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(84)90107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are toxic compounds which occur naturally in plant species throughout the world. They have been implicated as both carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. An active metabolite of the alkaloids, the pyrrole, which is a strong alkylating agent, is thought to be the toxicant. The naturally occurring alkaloid, jacobine , is able to induce the production of endogenous avian RNA tumor virus particles in cultured chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). When jacobine was modified to form retronecine it no longer induced virus particles. Conversion of retronecine to its pyrrole resulted in a compound capable of inducing virus particle production. The isobutyryl monoester of retronecine was also able to induce virus particle production, but the isobutyryl monoester pyrrole was unexpectedly inactive as an inducer. This type of viral induction system is useful for studying the effect of modification of the inducer on its biological activity.
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9
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Gebriel G, Nordskog A. Influence of B complex versus non B genetic background on cellular resistance and on Rous Sarcoma virus‐induced tumour regression in chickens1. Avian Pathol 1983; 12:303-20. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458308436173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Robinson HL, Astrin SM, Senior AM, Salazar FH. Host Susceptibility to endogenous viruses: defective, glycoprotein-expressing proviruses interfere with infections. J Virol 1981; 40:745-51. [PMID: 6275116 PMCID: PMC256686 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.40.3.745-751.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three defective endogenous avian leukosis viruses, ev3, ev6 and ev9, interfered with subgroup E virus infections, ev3, ev6, and ev9 expressed high levels of subgroup E envelope glycoproteins. These glycoproteins reduced the activity of cellular receptors for subgroup E viruses. ev3 and ev6 protected chickens and cultured cells from subgroup E virus infections.
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Neel BG, Hayward WS, Robinson HL, Fang J, Astrin SM. Avian leukosis virus-induced tumors have common proviral integration sites and synthesize discrete new RNAs: oncogenesis by promoter insertion. Cell 1981; 23:323-34. [PMID: 6258798 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other RNA tumor viruses, avian leukosis viruses (which cause lymphomas and occasionally other neoplasms) lack discrete "transforming genes". We have analyzed the virus-related DNA and RNA of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced tumors in an attempt to gain insight into the mechanism of ALV oncogenesis. Our results show that viral gene products are not required for maintenance of neoplastic transformation. Primary and metastatic tumors are clonal and thus presumably derived from a single infected cell. Most importantly, tumors from different birds have integration sites in common. Tumor cells synthesize discrete new poly(A) RNAs consisting of viral sequences covalently linked to cellular sequences. These RNA species are expressed at high levels in tumor cells. Our results suggest that in lymphoid tumors, an ALV provirus is integrated adjacent to a specific cellular gene, and the insertion of the viral promoter adjacent to this gene results in its enhanced expression, leading to neoplasia. These results have potentially important implications for the mechanism of non-viral carcinogenesis.
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12
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Spector DH. Gene-specific probes for avian retroviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1981; 91:41-80. [PMID: 6273070 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68058-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Robinson HL, Eisenman R, Senior A, Ripley S. Low freqeuncy production of recombinant subgroup E avian leukosis viruses by uninfected V-15B chicken cells. Virology 1979; 99:21-30. [PMID: 91259 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Robinson HL, Astrin SM, Salazar FH. V-15B, an allele of chickens for the production of a noninfectious avian leukosis virus. Virology 1979; 99:10-20. [PMID: 91257 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Crittenden LB, Smith EJ, Gulvas FA, Robinson HL. Endogenous virus expression in chicken lines maintained at the Regional Poultry Research Laboratory. Virology 1979; 95:434-44. [PMID: 88796 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Smith EJ, Crittenden LB, Whitson AK. Radioimmunoassay for the envelope glycoprotein of subgroup E avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. Virology 1978; 84:331-40. [PMID: 74895 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The salient features of this model for oncornavirus assembly are that uncleaved precursor molecules to the internal virus polypeptides possess specific recognition sites both for viral envelope constituents already inserted in the cell membrane and for the viral RNA. After orderly alignment of these components at the budding site, virus maturation proceeds through specific proteolytic cleavage of the precursor components and association of the resultant molecules into the characteristic type C virion substructures revealed by electron microscopy.
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20
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Robinson HL. Inheritance and expression of chicken genes that are related to avian leukosis sarcoma virus genes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1978; 83:1-36. [PMID: 215385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67087-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Bolognesi DP, Montelaro RC, Sullivan SJ. A model for assembly of type-c oncornaviruses. Med Microbiol Immunol 1977; 164:97-113. [PMID: 202854 DOI: 10.1007/bf02121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Salzberg S, Robin MS, Green M. A possible requirement for protein synthesis early in the infectious cycle of the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus. Virology 1977; 76:341-51. [PMID: 189496 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Aupoix M, Vigier P. Expression of viral proteins in mammalian cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses. Int J Cancer 1976; 18:787-97. [PMID: 186419 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910180610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The expression of viral proteins in nine lines of hamster and rat cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses (ASV) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific antisera to purified gp85 and p27 of AMV-B and a polyvalent antiserum to all the p proteins of this same virus. The lines of ASV-transformed cells were either low virus producers (VP) or inducible or non-inducible non producers (NP). Cytoplasmic expression of p proteins was observed in all the cell lines except the least inducible NP cell line, and cytoplasmic expression of gp85 in all the cell lines. The degree of expression varied widely with the lines and was not related to the class of permissiveness or inducibility. However, in the inducible NP class, the expression of p proteins and gp85 was higher in the most inducible cell lines. The data also suggest that the expression of the p proteins must be uncoordinate in at least some cell lines and must also be uncoordinate with the expression of gp85. In the VP cell lines and the most inducible NP lines, g85 and some p proteins other than p27 were also expressed on the cell membrane. The membrane expression of gp85 and the p proteins which were expressed appeared to be coordinate and to parallel the degree of cytoplasmic expression. In contrast, no, or a negligible expression of viral proteins was observed on the membrane of the least inducible and the non-inducible cell lines. These results suggest that there may exist translational and/or post-translational controls of the expression of viral proteins in the ASV-transformed mammalian cells and that the permissiveness and the inducibility of the cells may depend on the insertion of viral proteins in the cell membrane. The failure of p27 to insert in the cell membrane could account for the low permissiveness or the non-permissiveness of the cells.
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24
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Levin R, Ruscetti SK, Parks WP, Scolnick EM. Expression of feline type-C virus in normal and tumor tissues of the domestic cat. Int J Cancer 1976; 18:661-71. [PMID: 186414 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910180515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor and normal tissues from domestic cats were examined for FeLV and RD-114 specific nucleic acids and proteins. Virus-positive tissues showed a 100- to 200-fold higher level of FeLV and a 200- to 400-fold higher level of FeLV p30 than virus-negative tumors and normal cat tissues. In contrast, the levels of RD-114 viral RNA and p30 antigen were comparable in the majority of tumorous and normal tissues examined. When the DNA of these tissues was examined for FeLV-related sequences, the virus-positive tumors were found to contain extra copies of FeLV DNA. Virus-negative tumors contained DNA sequences homologous with FeLV but the copy number of these sequences could not be distinguished from normal tissues. The results indicate that in certain FeLV-induced type-C lymphoproliferative diseases, extra type-C sequences not present in normal tissues can be identified.
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Ando T, Toyoshima K. Genetic control of chick helper factor in cells which lack natural group-specific antigen of avian leukosis. Virology 1976; 73:521-7. [PMID: 183366 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Kurth R. Surface alterations in cells infected by avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses. BIOMEMBRANES 1976; 8:167-233. [PMID: 183843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9087-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Robinson HL, Swanson CA, Hruska JF, Crittenden LB. Production of unique C-type viruses by chicken cells grown in bromodeoxyuridine. Virology 1976; 69:63-74. [PMID: 54982 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Robinson HL, Lamoreux WF. Expression of endogenous ALV antigens and susceptibility to subgroup E ALV in three strains of chickens (endogenous avian C-type virus). Virology 1976; 69:50-62. [PMID: 174298 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Fischinger PJ, Nomura S, Bolognesi DP. A novel murine oncornavirus with dual eco- and xenotropic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:5150-5. [PMID: 1061100 PMCID: PMC388894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of Swiss mouse 3T3FL cells with a clonal isolate of Moloney leukemia virus (MLV-IC) resulted in virus progeny composed of at least three different murine helper oncornaviruses. Each entity was purified in appropriate cells by several sequential terminal dilution isolations and was grouwn to high titers. Besides ecotropic MLV-IC there was a pure xenotropic virus and a third novel virus with properties of both eco- and xenotropic viruses. The purified xenotropic virus had a wide host range, was restricted in mouse cells, and was inactivated by normal mouse sera like other xenotropic isolates. The purified virus with hybrid properties (HIX) could infect a wide range of mammalian cells, which included both N and B mouse cells. HIX gave single-hit titrations with equal titers on both mouse and cat indicator cells. Envelope properties of HIX were examined by virus preinfection interference, by interference involving viral glycoprotein, and by neutralization with specific antisera. Both xenotropic and MLV-IC type ecotropic determinants were found on the virus coat. The origins of HIX and the xenotropic virus were investigated in detail. The original MLV-IC stock had HIX type virus in low titer but no detectable pure xenotropic virus. Infection of mouse cells with a single infectious unit of the ecotropic virus from the MLV-IC virus stocks could at times give rise to HIX type virus. HIX type virus, passed once through heterologous rat cells, was subjected to long-term passage either in infected mouse or cat cells. After several months HIX type virus disappeared from some mouse and cat cell systems. The possible hybrid nature of HIX and the origins of newly appearing xenotropic viruses are discussed.
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Khare ML, Grun J, Adams EV. A transovarian transmission study of Marek's disease in Japanese quail. Poult Sci 1975; 54:1953-61. [PMID: 180501 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0541953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine if transovarian transmission of the JM strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) occurs in Japanese quail. In one experiment, parent quail were infected with MDV when one-day-old; in another experiment, parent quail were infected when seven weeks old. No precipitating antigen or cytopathic or infective agent was isolated from the egg yolks, embryos, newly hatched quail, or progeny quail of the infected parents. During the eight weeks observation period, the progeny of infected parents showed no clinical symptoms, mortality, gross or microscopic lesions, MD viremia, or antibody. However, an MD-specific fluorescent antigen was observed in fibroblast and kidney cell cultures from embryos of parents infected at one day of age. Approximately 10% of the embryos contained this fluorescent antigen. Fluorescent antigen was not observed in cultures from embryos of quail infected at the age of seven weeks or control quail.
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Niwa O, Declève A, Kaplan HS. Potentiating effect of iododeoxyuridine on MuLV replication in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Virology 1975; 67:158-67. [PMID: 170736 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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de Giuli C, Kawai S, Dales S, Hanafusa H. Absence of surface projections of some noninfectious forms of RSV. Virology 1975; 66:253-60. [PMID: 166501 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Gillespie D, Saxinger WC, Gallo RC. Information transfer in cells infected by RNA tumor viruses and extension to human neoplasia. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1975; 15:1-108. [PMID: 49067 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Astrin SM. In vitro transcription of RNA tumor virus genes in the chromatin of uninfected chicken cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 61:1242-8. [PMID: 4616698 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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35
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Grant JP, Bigner DD, Fischinger PJ, Bolognesi DP. Expression of murine leukemia virus structural antigens on the surface of chemically induced murine sarcomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:5037-41. [PMID: 4373739 PMCID: PMC434035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured cells of different chemically-induced C57BL/6N murine sarcomas produced variable amounts of infectious murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and contained proportional amounts of MuLV structural components as determined by radioimmunoassay. Monospecific antisera directed against the major MuLV glycoprotein (gp71), the major internal antigen (p30), and the ribonucleoprotein (p10) were capable of mediating tumor cell lysis in the presence of complement, suggesting that these viral structural components were localized at least in part to the cell surface. Membrane immunofluorescence studies with MuLV p30 antiserum confirmed surface localization. Addition of MuLV p30 polypeptide to normal cells and tumor cells enhanced the cytotoxicity of MuLV p30 antiserum. Studies are presented which suggest that the presence of MuLV structural components on cell surfaces can be independent of virus production and cellular transformation.
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Hill M, Hillova J. RNA and DNA forms of the genetic material of C-type viruses and the integrated state of the DNA form in the cellular chromosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 355:7-48. [PMID: 4138122 DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(74)90006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Hanafusa H, Hanafusa T, Kawai S. Genetic control of expression of endogenous virus genes in chicken cells. Virology 1974; 58:439-48. [PMID: 4362429 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Chen JH, Hanafusa H. Detection of a Protein of Avian Leukoviruses in Uninfected Chick Cells by Radioimmunoassay. J Virol 1974; 13:340-6. [PMID: 16789140 PMCID: PMC355302 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.13.2.340-346.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been used to measure the quantity of protein P27 (mol wt 27,000; group specific-1 [gs-1]) of avian leukoviruses in different types of chicken embryos and tissues of adult chickens. The RIA used was 200- to 300-fold more sensitive than the complement fixation test and was able to detect as little as 0.3 ng of P27. Among six embryos tested, which are negative for gs antigen by the complement fixation test, P27 was undetectable in three embryos, but another three contained about 5 ng of P27 per mg of cell protein by RIA. The amount of P27 in gs antigen-positive cells ranged from 22 to 57 ng per mg of cell protein. P27 was found in liver, lung, ovary, feather pulp, and spleen from adult gs antigen-positive chickens. This protein was undetectable in various tissues from gs antigen-negative chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chen
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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Temin HM. The cellular and molecular biology of RNA tumor viruses, especially avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, and their relatives. Adv Cancer Res 1974; 19:47-104. [PMID: 4137243 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Crittenden LB, Smith EJ, Weiss RA, Sarma PS. Host gene control of endogenous avian leukosis virus production. Virology 1974; 57:128-38. [PMID: 4131951 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Love DN, Weiss RA. Pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus determined by exogenous and endogenous avian RNA tumor viruses. Virology 1974; 57:271-8. [PMID: 4362025 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
A colony of transformed cells was isolated from chick-embryo cells infected with a stock of nondefective Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus. The virus recovered from this colony was a stable defective mutant very similar to the Bryan strain of Rous sarcoma virus in the following characteristics: (i) noninfectiousness of virus particles released from transformed cells that lack helper factor; (ii) formation of infectious pseudotypes by coinfection with avian leukosis virus or by interaction with endogenous-helper factor in chicken cells; (iii) ability of the noninfectious form of virus to transform chick-embryo cells in the presence of ultraviolet light-inactivated Sendai virus; (iv) absence of glycoprotein in the noninfectious form; (v) failure to produce nondefective virus by recombination with avian leukosis virus; and (vi) segregation of polymerase-negative virus. The morphology of transformed cells is characteristic of those infected by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain. The demonstration of segregation of such a defective virus from nondefective sarcoma virus and failure to detect revertants of this mutant suggest that the deletion of some genes may be involved in this mutation.
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Hanafusa H, Aoki T, Kawai S, Miyamoto T, Wilsnack RE. Presence of antigen common to avian tumor viral envelope antigen in normal chick embryo cells. Virology 1973; 56:22-32. [PMID: 4355527 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fan H, Baltimore D. RNA metabolism of murine leukemia virus: detection of virus-specific RNA sequences in infected and uninfected cells and identification of virus-specific messenger RNA. J Mol Biol 1973; 80:93-117. [PMID: 4798989 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Vaheri A, Ruoslahti E. Expression of the major group-specific antigen (GS-A) of avian type-C viruses in normal chicken cells and tissues. Int J Cancer 1973; 12:361-7. [PMID: 4134566 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Livingston DM, Todaro GJ. Endogenous type C virus from a cat cell clone with properties distinct from previously described feline type C virus. Virology 1973; 53:142-51. [PMID: 4122424 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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