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Wintzen M, Zanello SB, Holick MF, Wiegant VM, Burbach JP, Vermeer BJ. Condition-dependent presence of beta-lipotropin-like peptide in human keratinocytes. Peptides 2000; 21:691-7. [PMID: 10876052 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the beta-endorphin-immunoreactive material (betaE-IR) detectable in normal human keratinocytes (NHK). The effects of different culturing conditions and UV-irradiation on production of betaE-IR by NHK were assessed by radioimmunoassay and HPLC. All culture systems contained low levels of betaE-IR that was increased in conditioned media after UV-irradiation under certain conditions. NHK grown in nutrient-poor medium contained highest levels of betaE-IR that exhibited beta-lipotropin-like properties after HPLC analysis. The other culturing conditions displayed no authentic betaE-related peptides. Our results indicate that under certain culturing conditions NHK can produce POMC peptides like beta-lipotropin, which can be induced by UV-radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wintzen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Onishi H, Koide S, Yamagami S, Kawakita Y. Developmental and regional alteration of methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in seizure-susceptible E1 mouse brain. Neurochem Res 1990; 15:83-7. [PMID: 2325828 DOI: 10.1007/bf00969188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in the brain of El mice (seizure-susceptible strain) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) to elucidate the relation between seizures and the opioid system. The lyophilized supernatants of tissue extracts were subjected to ME RIA. The concentration of ME-LI in 25-day-old El mice that had no seizures was significantly decreased in the hippocampus. At the age of 50 days when El mice displayed abortive seizures, the levels of ME-LI in both El(+) and nonstimulated El(o) mice were also significantly reduced in the hippocampus and septal area. It was further shown that the ME-LI concentrations in both 150-day-old adult El(+) during interictal periods and El(o) mice were markedly decreased in the cerebral cortex, septal area, and striatum, as compared with the corresponding regions in ddY mice (seizure-nonsusceptible strain; the mother strain of El). The decrease of ME-LI in the El mouse brain was generally compatible with our previous findings concerning the up-regulation of opioid delta receptors in this species. These results suggest that the reduction of ME-LI in the El mouse brain is not due to convulsions, but could be associated with the pathogenesis of seizure diathesis and seizure manifestations in the El mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Onishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Fleming LH, Reynolds NC. Simultaneous analysis of methionine- and leucine-enkephalin from rat brain: quantification by liquid chromatography-electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 431:65-76. [PMID: 3235537 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the application of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-ED) for the analysis of methionine-enkephalin (ME) and leucine-enkephalin (LE) extracted from rat brain regions. The high applied potentials necessary for enkephalin detection required the development of an efficient sample processing protocol. Brain extracts were processed using chromatographic mode sequencing (CMS). The decrease in electroactive interfering substances by CMS improved the chromatographic resolution of ME and LE and the electrode performance. Other qualitative and analytical methods were used to evaluate the enkephalin data obtained by LC-ED for rat brain regions. This study demonstrates that LC-ED provides both the sensitivity and specificity necessary for the analysis of enkephalins from rat brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Fleming
- David I.M. Fine Memorial Neurology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin Medical School, Sinai Samaritan Medical Center, Milwaukee 53201
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Wallasch TM, Henning K, Lange U, Kuhn W, Eckhardt-Wallasch H, Przuntek H. Comparison of two methods for the determination of substance P immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid: sulphopropyl-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and/or reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with radioimmunoassay. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1988; 425:175-81. [PMID: 2452174 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(88)80018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T M Wallasch
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, F.R.G
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Wiegant VM, Verhoef CJ, Burbach JP, de Wied D. Increased concentration of alpha- and gamma-endorphin in post mortem hypothalamic tissue of schizophrenic patients. Life Sci 1988; 42:1733-42. [PMID: 2452335 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphin were determined by radioimmunoassay in HPLC fractionated extracts of post mortem hypothalamic tissue obtained from schizophrenic patients and controls. The hypothalamic concentration of alpha- and gamma-endorphin was significantly higher in patients than in controls (+72.9% and +50.5% respectively). No difference was found in the concentration of beta-endorphin, the putative precursor of alpha- and gamma-endorphins. These results suggest a deviant metabolism of beta-endorphin in the brain of schizophrenic patients. Whether this phenomenon is related to the psychopathology, or is a consequence of ante mortem farmacotherapy, remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Wiegant
- Rudolf Magnus Institute for Pharmacology, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Noteborn HP, Burbach JP, Ebels I. Modified forms of vasopressin and oxytocin in a bovine pineal preparation. FEBS Lett 1987; 216:200-6. [PMID: 3582672 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A bovine pineal acid extract displays a vasotocin-like bioactivity in several bioassays, and is recognized by antibodies against the Pro-Arg-Gly-amide ending common to vasopressin and vasotocin. By using molecular sieve filtration and reversed-phase HPLC, a vasopressin- and oxytocin-like peptide was isolated from this pineal preparation, while no evidence for a vasotocin-like peptide was obtained. The isolated neuropeptides contain a modified amino acid at position 2. This structural difference with authentic pituitary vasopressin and oxytocin may alter their biological and immunological properties, which have been interpreted as vasotocin-like, and thus underlies the controversy concerning the existence of vasotocin in the mammalian pineal gland.
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Birch NP, Christie DL. Characterization of the molecular forms of proenkephalin in bovine adrenal medulla and rat adrenal, brain, and spinal cord with a site-directed antiserum. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography separation of β-endorphin-(6–17) from fourteen fragments. Chromatographia 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02341271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wiedemann K, Teschemacher H. Determination of β-Endorphin and Fragments Thereof in Human Plasma Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and a Multiple Radioimmunoassay System. Pharm Res 1986; 3:142-9. [PMID: 24271519 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016357806879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of β-endorphin and β-endorphin fragments in human plasma was developed. β-Endorphin-related peptides were extracted from plasma using octadecasilyl-silica cartridges. Extracts were subjected to re versed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Extracts as well as HPLC column eluates were assayed using a multiple radioimmunoassay system; several antibodies directed against various distinct regions of the β-endorphin molecule were employed. Using this method, evidence for the presence of multiple β-endorphin fragments in the plasma of healthy young volunteers (under normal conditions) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wiedemann
- Rudolf Buchheim-Institut für Pharmakologie der Justus Liebig-Universität, Frankfurter Str. 107, D-6300, Gieβen, FRG
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Henning K, Wallasch TM, Przuntek H. Determination of beta-endorphin and substance P in small volumes of human cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1986; 67:105-12. [PMID: 2431108 DOI: 10.1007/bf01243363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure combined with radioimmunoassay (rp-HPLC-RIA) is presented. It makes possible the quantitative determination of the neuropeptides, beta h-endorphin and substance P, in small volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The concentration-dependence of the recovery of the method is demonstrated and the effect of free silanol groups of the stationary phase on the recovery is discussed. CSF was shown to contain 9.6 +/- 1.1 fmol beta h-endorphin and 12.0 +/- 0.9 fmol substance P per ml.
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Fleming LH, Reynolds NC. Separation and detection of closely related endorphins by liquid chromatography-electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1986; 375:65-73. [PMID: 3958111 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The specific aim of this study was to investigate the selectivity of liquid chromatography--electrochemistry for minor variations in the structure of small endorphins. Using isocratic mobile phases, chromatographic conditions were established for the separation of a series of closely related endorphins. Hydrodynamic voltammetry showed that each peptide exhibited a characteristic oxidative behavior that was also reflected in peak current ratios. Changes in a small moiety altered both the chromatographic behavior and electroactivity of these neuropeptides.
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Identification of N alpha-acetyl-alpha-endorphin and N alpha-acetyl-gamma-endorphin isolated from the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Christie DL, Birch NP, Aitken JF, Harding DR, Hancock WS. Antisera to synthetic peptide recognize high molecular weight enkephalin-containing proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 120:650-6. [PMID: 6203524 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antisera to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 95-117 sequence of proenkephalin were used to develop a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Gel-filtration of acid extracts of bovine adrenal medulla and purified chromaffin granules revealed that the antisera recognized high molecular weight material (Mr approximately 5,000-30,000). The material in peak I ( Mr 20 ,000-30,000) and peak II (Mr 10,000-20,000) was further purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Sequential digestion of each of these fractions with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B generated immunoreactive Met-enkephalin. This study demonstrates that antisera against a synthetic peptide cross-react with high molecular weight enkephalin-containing precursors, validating the use of these antisera in studies of enkephalin biosynthesis.
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Burbach JP, Wiegant VM. Isolation and characterization of alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin from single human pituitary glands. FEBS Lett 1984; 166:267-72. [PMID: 6198214 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Endorphin and gamma-endorphin, two closely related peptides of the pro-opiomelanocortin family with characteristic biological activities, were purified to homogeneity from single human pituitary glands and chemically identified. Isolation of the peptides was based on size fractionation by Sephadex G-75 chromatography followed by two HPLC steps using reverse-phase and paired-ion reverse-phase systems and was monitored by radioimmunoassay. During the isolation procedure alpha- and gamma-endorphin-sized material behaved chromatographically and immunologically indistinguishably from synthetic alpha- and gamma-endorphin. The amino acid composition and NH2-terminus of isolated peptides demonstrated their identity as authentic alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin. Acetylated forms were absent. In addition, evidence is provided that large forms with alpha- and gamma-endorphin immunoreactivity detected during gel filtration are human lipotropin-(1-74) and -(1-75), respectively. The data substantiate that alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin exist as endogenous peptides in the human pituitary gland.
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Fekete M, Drago F, Van Ree JM, Bohus B, Wiegant VM, De Wied D. Naltrexone-sensitive behavioral actions of the ACTH 4-9 analog (Org 2766). Life Sci 1983; 32:2193-204. [PMID: 6302425 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the ACTH 4-9 analog (Org 2766) and the COOH-terminal tripeptide of Org 2766 (Phe-D-Lys-Phe; PDLP) on retrieval of one-trial learning passive avoidance behavior were compared with those of beta-endorphin, [Met5]-enkephalin, [D-Ala2,Met5]-enkephalin, des-Tyr1-[Met5]-enkephalin and des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin (DE gamma E). Amounts of intracerebroventricularly administered Org 2766, PDLP, [Met5]-enkephalin, [D-Ala2,Met5]-enkephalin and DE gamma E, which induced a comparable attenuation of passive avoidance behavior were determined. Pretreatment with the opiate antagonist naltrexone prevented the attenuating effect of these peptides on passive avoidance behavior except that of DE gamma E. The attenuating effect of Org 2766 and of [Met5]-enkephalin was reversed to facilitation of passive avoidance behavior in the presence of naltrexone. Subcutaneous treatment with Org 2766 and [D-Phe7]-ACTH 4-10 decreased electrical self-stimulation behavior elicited from the medial septal area. Naltrexone prevented the inhibitory effect of Org 2766 on this behavior, but not that of [D-Phe7]-ACTH 4-10. Although the attenuating effect of PDLP on passive avoidance behavior was not reduced by pretreatment with [Met5]-enkephalin- or beta-endorphin-antiserum, and PDLP induced neither analgesia nor excessive grooming, the data suggest that the inhibitory effect of Org 2766 and PDLP on passive avoidance behavior and electrical self-stimulation are mediated by endorphin systems in the brain.
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Wiedemann K, Teschemacher H. beta-Endorphin immunoreactive materials in human plasma determined by a multiple radioimmunoassay system. Life Sci 1983; 33 Suppl 1:89-92. [PMID: 6319930 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of plasma obtained from adult humans before and immediately after physical stress were subjected to high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); extracts or HPLC fractions, resp., were analysed for the presence of human beta-endorphin (beta H-endorphin) or fragments thereof by several radioimmunoassays using antibodies directed against the C-terminus and two "middle" regions of beta H-endorphin. Using an antibody ("Don Antonio") apparently directed against a beta H-endorphin fragment including positions 17 to 22 or somewhat adjacent regions, concentrations of beta H-endorphin immunoreactivity were found to be in the well-known range under normal conditions and to increase after physical stress. However, only a minor portion of this material proved to be identical with beta H-endorphin, whereas the major portion behaved like a smaller fragment thereof. In addition, high amounts of an immunoreactive material obviously containing a C-terminal sequence of beta H-endorphin were found, indicating the presence of an immunologically relevant beta H-endorphin fragment in the plasma.
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