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Ferroni NM, Chertoff MJ, Alberca CD, Berardino BG, Gianatiempo O, Brahamian M, Levi V, Urrutia L, Falasco G, Cánepa ET, Sonzogni SV. Oxidative stress associated with spatial memory impairment and social olfactory deterioration in female mice reveals premature aging aroused by perinatal protein malnutrition. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114481. [PMID: 37463612 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversity, like perinatal protein malnutrition, increases the vulnerability to develop long-term alterations in brain structures and function. This study aimed to determine whether perinatal protein malnutrition predisposes to premature aging in a murine model and to assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. To this end, mouse dams were fed either with a normal (NP, casein 20%) or a low-protein diet (LP, casein 8%) during gestation and lactation. Female offspring were evaluated at 2, 7 and 12 months of age. Positron emission tomography analysis showed alterations in the hippocampal CA3 region and the accessory olfactory bulb of LP mice during aging. Protein malnutrition impaired spatial memory, coinciding with higher levels of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus and sirt7 upregulation. Protein malnutrition also led to higher senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21 expression. LP-12-month-old mice showed a higher number of newborn neurons that did not complete the maturation process. The social-odor discrimination in LP mice was impaired along life. In the olfactory bulb of LP mice, the senescence marker p21 was upregulated, coinciding with a downregulation of Sirt2 and Sirt7. Also, LP-12-month-old mice showed a downregulation of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and LP-2-month-old mice showed a higher number of newborn neurons in the subventricular zone, which then returned to normal values. Our results show that perinatal protein malnutrition causes long-term impairment in cognitive and olfactory skills through an accelerated senescence phenotype accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress and altered sirtuin expression in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadina M Ferroni
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela J Chertoff
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Alberca
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Octavio Gianatiempo
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Brahamian
- Bioterio central, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Urrutia
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fleni, Belén de Escobar, B1625 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Falasco
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fleni, Belén de Escobar, B1625 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V Sonzogni
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Behavioral consequences of postnatal undernutrition and enriched environment during later life. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113566. [PMID: 34474061 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In rat models, large litter groups during suckling are used in the study of undernutrition. Large litter sizes are known to promote alterations in memory processes and anxiety-like behavior. Nevertheless, the effect of large litter size on sexual behavior and the reproductive system is still unknown. Environmental enrichment has been reported to (EE) enhance behavior and to correct some of the alterations produced by postnatal undernutrition. We used the Elevated Plus Maze (EPN), Morris Water Maze (MWM), Object Recognition test (OR) and several parameters of sexual behavior to determine the effect of large litter size on rats exposed to enriched and non-enriched environments. Newborn Wistar rats of both sexes were assigned to be suckled under lactation conditions, in litters of 8 pups or 16 pups. The large litter size (16 pups) caused a reduction in weight gain during the lactation period. On PND 45, four experimental groups were established for both sexes: Well-nourished Non-enriched (WN); Well-nourished Enriched (WE); undernourished Non-enriched (UN); Undernourished Enriched (UE). On PND 90, the UN males spent more time in the open arms on EPM. On PND 100, the UE females increased the latency to find the platform in training days (D1-4) in MWM. On probe day (D5) the UE males spent more time in the target quadrants in MWM. On PND 110, irrespective of EE the large litter size had increased the exploration time in both groups (UN) and (UE) in OR test. On PND 120, the performance of sexual behavior was more evident by effect of EE irrespective of the litter size. In conclusion, the large litter size showed no effects on sexual behavior, in contrast, EE has a sharp influence on sexual behavior. Conversely, memory processes and anxiety-like behavior are altered by large litter size.
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Ximenes-da-Silva A, Guedes RCA. Editorial: Nutrients, Neurotransmitters and Brain Energetics. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:568937. [PMID: 33281544 PMCID: PMC7705199 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Snell‐Rood EC, Swanson EM, Espeset A, Jaumann S, Philips K, Walker C, Semke B, Mori AS, Boenisch G, Kattge J, Seabloom EW, Borer ET. Nutritional constraints on brain evolution: Sodium and nitrogen limit brain size. Evolution 2020; 74:2304-2319. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie C. Snell‐Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Eli M. Swanson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Anne Espeset
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
- Department of Biology University of Nevada‐Reno Reno Nevada 89557
| | - Sarah Jaumann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington District of Columbia 20052
| | - Kinsey Philips
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Courtney Walker
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Brandon Semke
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455
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Berardino BG, Ballarini F, Chertoff M, Igaz LM, Cánepa ET. Nutritional stress timing differentially programs cognitive abilities in young adult male mice. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:286-298. [PMID: 32308155 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1751507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The impact of chronic exposure to environmental adversities on brain regions involved in cognition and mental health depends on whether it occurs during the perinatal period, childhood, adolescence or adulthood. The effects of these adversities on the brain and behavior arise as a function of the timing of the exposure and their co-occurrence with the development of specific regions. Here we aimed to explore the behavioral phenotypes derived from two nutritional stress paradigms which differed in the timing of exposure: a low-protein perinatal diet during gestation and lactation and a low-protein diet during adolescence.Methods: Locomotor and exploratory activity, recognition memory and aversive memory were measured in CF-1 8-week-old male mice subjected to perinatal malnutrition (LP-P) or adolescent malnutrition (LP-A), and their respective controls with normal protein diet (NP-P and NP-A).Results: By using the open field test, we found that LP-P and LP-A mice showed reduced exploratory activity compared to controls, but no alterations in their locomotor activity. Recognition memory was impaired only in LP-P mice. Interestingly, aversive memory was not altered in LP-P mice but was enhanced in LP-A mice. Considering the stress-inoculation theory, we hypothesized that protein malnutrition during adolescence represents a challenging but still moderate stressful environment, which promotes active coping in face of later adversity.Conclusion: Our results indicate that while perinatal malnutrition impairs recognition memory, adolescent malnutrition enhances aversive memory, showing dissimilar adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Ballarini
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IBCN "Eduardo De Robertis" (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Chertoff
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lionel M Igaz
- IFIBIO Bernardo Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Early weaning leads to disruption of homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors and modulates serotonin (5HT) and dopamine (DA) systems in male adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Francisco EDS, Mendes-da-Silva RF, de Castro CBL, Soares GDSF, Guedes RCA. Taurine/Pilocarpine Interaction in the Malnourished Rat Brain: A Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:981. [PMID: 31619952 PMCID: PMC6759493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of taurine on anxiety-like behavior, brain electrical activity and glial cell immunoreactivity in well-nourished and malnourished rats that were treated with a subconvulsing dose of pilocarpine. Newborn Wistar rats were subjected to normal or unfavorable lactation conditions, represented by the suckling of litters with 9 or 15 pups, resulting in well-nourished and malnourished animals, respectively. Each nutritional group was split into five subgroups that were treated from postnatal day (PND) 35 to 55 with 300 mg/kg/day of taurine + 45 mg/kg/day of pilocarpine (group T + P), taurine only (group T), pilocarpine only (group P), vehicle control (group V), or not treated control (group naïve; Nv). At PND56-58, the groups were subjected to the elevated plus-maze behavioral tests. Glycemia was measured on PND59. Between PND60 and PND65, the cortical spreading depression (CSD) was recorded in the cerebral cortex, and the levels of malondialdehyde and microglial and astrocyte immunoreactivity were evaluated in the cortex and hippocampus. Our data indicate that treatment with taurine and pilocarpine resulted in anxiolytic-like and anxiogenic behavior, respectively, and that nutritional deficiency modulated these effects. Both treatments decelerated CSD propagation and modulated GFAP- and Iba1-containing glial cells. Pilocarpine reduced body weight and glycemia, and administration of taurine was not able to attenuate the effects of pilocarpine. The molecular mechanisms underlying taurine action on behavioral and electrophysiological parameters in the normal and altered brain remain to be further explored.
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Todorovic ST, Smiljanic KR, Ruzdijic SD, Djordjevic ANM, Kanazir SD. Effects of Different Dietary Protocols on General Activity and Frailty of Male Wistar Rats During Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1036-1044. [PMID: 29415252 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is an important experimental paradigm for lifespan and healthspan extension, but its specific contribution regarding the type, onset, and duration are still debatable. This study was designed to examine the impact of different dietary protocols by assessing the behavioral changes during aging. We exposed male Wistar rats of various age to ad libitum (AL) or DR (60 per cent of AL daily intake) feeding regimens with different onsets. The impact of DR on locomotor activity, memory, and learning was examined in 12-, 18-, and 24-month-old treated animals and controls using open field and Y-maze tests. We have also evaluated the effects of different DR's through the quantification of animal frailty, using behavioral data to create the frailty score. Our results indicated that DR improves general animal activity and spatial memory and decreases frailty with the effect being highly dependent on DR duration and onset. Notably, life-long restriction started at young age had the most profound effect. In contrast, shorter duration and later onset of restricted diet had significantly lower or no impact on animal's behavior and frailty. This study signifies the importance of DR starting point and duration as critical determinants of DR effects on healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smilja T Todorovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kosara R Smiljanic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabera D Ruzdijic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Francisco EDS, Guedes RCA. Sub-Convulsing Dose Administration of Pilocarpine Reduces Glycemia, Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior and Decelerates Cortical Spreading Depression in Rats Suckled on Various Litter Sizes. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:897. [PMID: 30559645 PMCID: PMC6287009 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and malnutrition constitute two worldwide health problems affecting behavior and brain function. The cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (300-380 mg/kg; single administration) reproduces the human type of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rodents has been associated with glycemia, learning and memory and anxiety disturbances. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a neural response that has been linked to brain excitability disorders and its diseases, and has been shown to be antagonized by acute pilocarpine. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of chronic pilocarpine at a sub-convulsing dose on weight gain, blood glucose levels, anxiety-like behavior and CSD. In addition, we tested whether unfavorable lactation-induced malnutrition could modulate the pilocarpine effects. Wistar rats were suckled under normal size and large size litters (litters with 9 and 15 pups; groups L9 and L15, respectively). From postnatal days (PND) 35-55, these young animals received a daily intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (45 mg/kg/day), or vehicle (saline), or no treatment (naïve). On PND58, the animals were behaviorally tested in an open field apparatus. This was immediately followed by 6 h fasting and blood glucose measurement. At PND60-65, CSD was recorded, and its parameters (velocity of propagation, amplitude, and duration) were calculated. Compared to the control groups, pilocarpine-treated animals presented with reduced weight gain and lower glycemia, increased anxiety-like behavior and decelerated CSD propagation. CSD velocity was higher (p < 0.001) in the L15 groups in comparison to the corresponding groups in the L9 condition. The results demonstrate an influence of chronic (21-day) administration of a sub-convulsing, very low dose (45 mg/kg) of pilocarpine on CSD propagation, anxiety-like behavior, glycemia and body weight. Furthermore, data reinforce the hypothesis of a relationship between CSD and brain excitability. The lactation condition seems to differentially modulate these effects.
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Grieb ZA, Holschbach MA, Lonstein JS. Interaction between postpartum stage and litter age on maternal caregiving and medial preoptic area orexin. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:430-436. [PMID: 29928888 PMCID: PMC6089372 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Most maternal caregiving behaviors change across lactation to match the developmental needs of the continuously aging offspring. However, it is mostly unknown whether the dams' postpartum stage or litter age is the primary driving force of these changes. In this study, postnatal day 1 and 8 litters were cross-fostered or in-fostered to postpartum day 1 or 8 dams. Five days later, undisturbed observations of maternal caregiving behaviors were performed on the subsequent two days. We found a main effect of dams' postpartum stage on the frequency that mothers spent with the pups and displayed erect postures over them (hovering over and kyphosis), although it was mostly driven by an interaction between postpartum stage and litter age: early-postpartum dams were in contact with younger litters and in erect postures more often with younger litters compared to later-postpartum dams with younger litters. Additionally, there was an interaction between postpartum stage and litter age on the litter weights because older litters living with later-postpartum dams were heavier than older litters living with early-postpartum dams. There was also an interaction between postpartum stage and litter age on the dams' bodyweight, with early-postpartum dams living with younger litters weighing the least and later-postpartum dams living with younger litters weighing the most. Because activity of the neuropeptide, orexin, within the medial preoptic area (mPOA) has been implicated in maternal nursing and other caregiving behaviors, we measured mPOA levels of orexin-A but it was not affected by postpartum stage or litter age (nor was there an interaction). However, high orexin-A was negatively associated with the frequency of contact with pups and the display of erect postures. These results indicate that changes in caregiving across lactation are driven by endogenous factors in the dams, age-related cues they receive from offspring, and interactions between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Grieb
- Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - M A Holschbach
- Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - J S Lonstein
- Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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Cafeteria diet during the gestation period programs developmental and behavioral courses in the offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 68:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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E Silva-Gondim MB, de Souza TKM, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. Suckling in litters with different sizes, and early and late swimming exercise differentially modulates anxiety-like behavior, memory and electrocorticogram potentiation after spreading depression in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:464-473. [PMID: 29183255 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1407472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze the hypothesis that swimming exercise, in rats suckled under distinct litter sizes, alters behavioral parameters suggestive of anxiety and recognition memory, and the electrocorticogram potentiation that occurs after the excitability-related phenomenon that is known as cortical spreading depression (CSD). METHODS Male Wistar rats were suckled in litters with six or 12 pups (L6 and L12 groups). Animals swam at postnatal days (P) 8-23, or P60-P75 (early-exercised or late-exercised groups, respectively), or remained no-exercised. Behavioral tests (open field - OF and object recognition - OR) were conducted between P77 and P80. Between P90 and P120, ECoG was recorded for 2 hours. After this 'baseline' recording, CSD was elicited every 30 minutes over the course of 2 hours. RESULTS Early swimming enhanced the number of entries and the percentage of time in the OF-center (P < 0.05). In animals that swam later, this effect occurred in the L6 group only. Compared to the corresponding sedentary groups, OR-test showed a better memory in the L6 early exercised rats, and a worse memory in all other groups (P < 0.05). In comparison to baseline values, ECoG amplitudes after CSD increased 14-43% for all groups (P < 0.05). In the L6 condition, early swimming and late swimming, respectively, reduced and enhanced the magnitude of the post-CSD ECoG potentiation in comparison with the corresponding L6 no-exercised groups (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our data suggest a differential effect of early- and late-exercise on the behavioral and electrophysiological parameters, suggesting an interaction between the age of exercise and the nutritional status during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barros E Silva-Gondim
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Thays Kallyne Marinho de Souza
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil.,b Colegiado de Nutrição , Universidade de Pernambuco , CEP 56328-903 Petrolina , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | | | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
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Effects of prenatal PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone exposure on rat hippocampus development in a time-dependent manner: A stereological and histopathological study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:827-835. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117730883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works as an insulin sensitizer by binding to the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma. We investigated the effects of prenatally administered rosiglitazone on pyramidal cell numbers and morphologies in the hippocampus at postnatal period using histochemical and stereological techniques, congenital morphological properties and the number of offspring in rats. Eighteen female rats were grouped into control (C), low-dose rosiglitazone (LDR) and high-dose rosiglitazone (HDR). LDR pregnant rats received 2 mg/kg/day of rosiglitazone via oral gavage during the first 16 days of the pregnancy. HDR rats received 5 mg/kg/day. The infants were grouped into newborn (NB), 4 week (4 W) and 12 week (12 W). A side from histopathologic and congenital assessments, stereological analyses were performed using the optical fractionator method. Congenital anomaly was not detected in any of the rosiglitazone treatment groups, and their number of offspring was similar to that of the C group. Stereological counts revealed a significant reduction in the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the C and LDR groups but not in the HDR group until birth to 12th week. When NB groups were compared, the number of pyramidal cells in the HDRNB group was less than those in the LDRNB and CNB groups. HDR affected apoptosis or the proliferation and maturation of progenitor cells to the pyramidal neuron during neurodevelopment in the hippocampus, whereas LDR did not adversely affect neuronal development and did not cause congenital anomalies.
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Smith BL, Reyes TM. Offspring neuroimmune consequences of maternal malnutrition: Potential mechanism for behavioral impairments that underlie metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:109-122. [PMID: 28736323 PMCID: PMC8600507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition significantly increases offspring risk for both metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models of maternal malnutrition have identified behavioral changes in the adult offspring related to executive function and reward processing. Together, these changes in executive and reward-based behaviors likely contribute to the etiology of both metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with maternal malnutrition. Concomitant with the behavioral effects, maternal malnutrition alters offspring expression of reward-related molecules and inflammatory signals in brain pathways that control executive function and reward. Neuroimmune pathways and microglial interactions in these specific brain circuits, either in early development or later in adulthood, could directly contribute to the maternal malnutrition-induced behavioral phenotypes. Understanding these mechanisms will help advance treatment strategies for metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders, especially noninvasive dietary supplementation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - T M Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA.
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PINHEIRO IL, SANTANA BJRCDE, GALINDO LCM, MANHÃES DE CASTRO R, SOUSA SLD. Perinatal serotonergic activity: A decisive factor in the control of food intake. REV NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652017000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The serotoninergic system controls key events related to proper nervous system development. The neurotransmitter serotonin and the serotonin transporter are critical for this control. Availability of these components is minutely regulated during the development period, and the environment may affect their action on the nervous system. Environmental factors such as undernutrition and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft and change its anorectic action. The physiological responses promoted by serotonin on intake control decrease when requested by acute stimuli or stress, demonstrating that animals or individuals develop adaptations in response to the environmental insults they experience during the development period. Diseases, such as anxiety and obesity, appear to be associated with the body’s response to stress or stimulus, and require greater serotonergic system action. These findings demonstrate the importance of the level of serotonin in the perinatal period to the development of molecular and morphological aspects of food intake control, and its decisive role in understanding the possible environmental factors that cause diseases in adulthood.
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Maia LMSDS, Amancio-Dos-Santos A, Germano PCPDS, Falcão ACSM, Duda-de-Oliveira D, Guedes RCA. Do the accelerating actions of tianeptine and l-arginine on cortical spreading depression interact? An electrophysiological analysis in young and adult rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:134-138. [PMID: 28450192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the rat, we previously demonstrated that serotonin-enhancing drugs impair cortical spreading depression (CSD) and that l-arginine (arginine) treatment enhances CSD. Here, we investigated the interaction between topical application of the serotonin uptake enhancer tianeptine and systemic arginine administration on CSD. From postnatal day 7-28, female Wistar rats (n=40) received by gavage 300mg/Kg/day arginine (n=20) or water (n=20). Half of the arginine- or water-treated rats underwent CSD recording at 30-40days of age (young), while the other half was recorded at 90-120days (adult). Following baseline recording (four episodes of CSD), we applied tianeptine solution (10mg/ml) to a rectangular portion of the intact dura mater for 10-min and then elicited CSD. This procedure was repeated three times. Compared to baseline values, CSD velocities and amplitudes following tianeptine application increased, and CSD duration decreased significantly (p<0.05) in both young and adult rats, regardless of treatment group. CSD acceleration caused by systemic treatment with arginine is in agreement with previous findings. Topical cortical application of tianeptine replicated the effect of systemic application, suggesting a cortically based mechanism for tianeptine's action. However, the absence of interaction between arginine and tianeptine treatments suggests that they probably act through separate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Amancio-Dos-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, 50740-600, Recife PE, Brazil.
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Neonatal l-glutamine modulates anxiety-like behavior, cortical spreading depression, and microglial immunoreactivity: analysis in developing rats suckled on normal size- and large size litters. Amino Acids 2016; 49:337-346. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Medeiros LDB, Vitor-de-Lima SM, Lira Benevides RDD, do Egypto Queiroga RDCR, Araújo Guedes RC. Neonatal administration of goat whey modulates memory and cortical spreading depression in rats previously suckled under different litter sizes: Possible role of sialic acid. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:108-115. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1227762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Marinho de Souza TK, E Silva-Gondim MB, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. The facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of electrocorticogram after spreading depression in awake and anesthetized adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:16-24. [PMID: 27442245 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1210878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a brain excitability-related phenomenon that can be affected by unfavorable conditions of lactation and by anesthetic agents. We have previously demonstrated that after CSD the electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increases significantly (ECoG potentiation). Here, we investigated this potentiation in awake and anesthetized adult rats that were previously suckled among different lactation conditions. METHODS Newborn rats were suckled in litters with 6 pups or 12 pups (L6 or L12 condition, respectively). At adulthood, we evaluated the ECoG potentiation after CSD at two cortical points (one point near, and another remote to the CSD-eliciting site). The amplitude of the ECoG waves was averaged with the support of an algorithm implemented in Matlab™ software. In both L6 and L12 condition, awake animals were compared with anesthetized groups that received either tribromoethanol- or urethane + chloralose-anesthesia. RESULTS L12 rats presented significantly lower body- and brain weights than L6 rats (P < 0.01), indicating a nutritional deficiency. The anesthetized L6 groups presented with ECoG potentiation (P < 0.05) only in the near cortical recording point (28.0% and 32.6% increase for the tribromoethanol and urethane + chloralose groups, respectively), whereas the L12 groups displayed ECoG potentiation in both near (67.0% and 55.0%) and remote points (37.0% and 20.0%), in comparison with the baseline values (before CSD). DISCUSSION The results suggest a facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of ECoG after spreading depression in anesthetized adult rats. The potential implications for the human neurological health remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- a Department of Nutrition , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil
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Caloric restriction in young rats disturbs hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:214-224. [PMID: 27432519 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that caloric restriction (CR) has benefits on several organic systems, including the central nervous system. However, the majority of the CR studies was performed in adult animals and the information about the consequences on young populations is limited. In this study, we analyzed the effects of young-onset CR, started at 4weeks of age, in the number of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons and in neurogenesis of the hippocampal formation, using doublecortin (DCX) and Ki67 as markers. Knowing that CR treatment could interfere with exploratory activity, anxiety, learning and memory we have analyzed the performance of the rats in the open-field, elevated plus-maze and Morris water maze tests. Animals aged 4weeks were randomly assigned to control or CR groups. Controls were maintained in the ad libitum regimen during 2months. The adolescent CR rats were fed, during 2months, with 60% of the amount of food consumed by controls. We have found that young-onset CR treatment did not affect the total number of NPY-immunopositive neurons in dentate hilus, CA3 and CA1 hippocampal subfields and did not change the exploratory activity and anxiety levels. Interestingly, we have found that young-onset CR might affect spatial learning process since those animals showed worse performance during the acquisition phase of Morris water maze. Furthermore, young-onset CR induced alterations of neurogenesis in the dentate subgranular layer that seems to underlie the impairment of spatial learning. Our data suggest that adolescent animals are vulnerable to CR treatment and that this diet is not suitable to be applied in this age phase.
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Santos-Monteiro J, Teodósio N, Guedes R. Long-lasting Effects of Early Environmental Stimulation on Cortical Spreading Depression in Normal and Early Malnourished Adult Rats. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 3:29-40. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2000.11747301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Durán P, Galván A, Granados L, Aguilar-Roblero R, Cintra L. Effects of Protein Malnutrition on Vigilance States and their Circadian Rhythms in 30-Day-Old Rats Submitted Total Sleep Deprivation. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 2:127-38. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.1999.11747271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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PicançO-Diniz C, Araujo M, Borba J, Guedes R. NADPH-Diaphorase Containing Neurons and Biocytin-labelled Axon Terminals in the Visual Cortex of Adult Rats Malnourished During Development. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 1:35-48. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.1998.11747211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Despite a high incidence level the study of relations between nutritional deficits and children’s behavioural development is a topic that has been relatively neglected by developmental researchers. Such neglect has implications for the generalisability of developmental theories, especially to less developed countries where the majority of the world’s children live and where nutritional deficits are more likely to occur. This paper reviews evidence on the role played by nutritional deficits in children’s development and the mechanisms underlying nutrition → development links. Future directions for collaborative research between clinical, developmental, and nutritional scientists are proposed.
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Neonatal taurine and alanine modulate anxiety-like behavior and decelerate cortical spreading depression in rats previously suckled under different litter sizes. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Barbosa EH, Vallim JH, Lachat JJ, de Castro VLSS. Assessments of Motor Abnormalities on the Grid-Walking and Foot-Fault Tests From Undernutrition in Wistar Rats. J Mot Behav 2015; 48:5-12. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1024824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Neonatal dexamethasone accelerates spreading depression in the rat, and antioxidant vitamins counteract this effect. Brain Res 2014; 1591:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Grantham J, Henneberg M. Adiposity is associated with improved neuromuscular reaction time. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:593-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prooxidant versus antioxidant brain action of ascorbic acid in well-nourished and malnourished rats as a function of dose: A cortical spreading depression and malondialdehyde analysis. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Soares GDSF, Lima CB, Cavalcanti LC, Villacampa N, Castellano B, Guedes RCA. Brain effects of the lectin from Canavalia ensiformis in adult rats previously suckled in favorable and unfavorable conditions: A spreading depression and microglia immunolabeling study. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:307-15. [PMID: 24819023 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in adult rats, previously suckled under favorable and unfavorable conditions, the brain electrophysiological and microglial effects of the treatment early in life with the lectin (ConA) from Canavalia ensiformis. METHODS Male Wistar newborn rats (n = 89) were suckled under favorable or unfavorable conditions, represented by litters with 6-7 pups or 12-14 pups (groups N6 and N12, respectively). From postnatal days 5-24, they were treated intraperitoneally with 1 or 10 mg/kg ConA (groups L1 and L10, respectively), or with saline solution (group Sal), or no treatment (group Naïve). At 90-120 days of age, cortical spreading depression (CSD) was recorded at two parietal points for 4 hours, and CSD parameters (velocity of propagation and amplitude and duration of the DC slow potential change) were measured. Fixative-perfused brain sections were reacted with anti-Iba1 antibodies to quantify immunolabeled microglia. RESULTS Compared with the control groups, ConA-treated animals dose-dependently presented with reduced CSD propagation velocities and increased amplitude and duration of the CSD slow potential change. Microglia Iba-1 immunoreactivity was lower in both nutritional groups treated with ConA, in comparison with the control groups. The CSD hemisphere presented with higher immunoreactivity compared with the CSD-free hemisphere. DISCUSSION Attenuation in CSD propagation and microglia reaction was associated in adulthood with ConA treatment during brain development, indicating that the lectin can affect the electrophysiological and microglial development, and suggesting long-lasting protective action of the lectin on the rat brain, which is not impeded by the unfavorable suckling condition.
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da Silva Germano PCP, Silva DDLE, Soares GDSF, dos Santos ÂA, Guedes RCA. Hypercaloric high-lipid diet and brain development: Effects on cortical spreading depression in adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:275-81. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Effects of early protein undernutrition and later frontal cortex damage on habit acquisition and reversallearning in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3758/bf03332180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chaudhary R, Chugh M, Darokhan Z, Katreddi RR, Ramachandra R, Rema V. Physiological slowing and upregulation of inhibition in cortex are correlated with behavioral deficits in protein malnourished rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76556. [PMID: 24098531 PMCID: PMC3789706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein malnutrition during early development has been correlated with cognitive and learning disabilities in children, but the neuronal deficits caused by long-term protein deficiency are not well understood. We exposed rats from gestation up to adulthood to a protein-deficient (PD) diet, to emulate chronic protein malnutrition in humans. The offspring exhibited significantly impaired performance on the 'Gap-crossing' (GC) task after reaching maturity, a behavior that has been shown to depend on normal functioning of the somatosensory cortex. The physiological state of the somatosensory cortex was examined to determine neuronal correlates of the deficits in behavior. Extracellular multi-unit recording from layer 4 (L4) neurons that receive direct thalamocortical inputs and layers 2/3 (L2/3) neurons that are dominated by intracortical connections in the whisker-barrel cortex of PD rats exhibited significantly low spontaneous activity and depressed responses to whisker stimulation. L4 neurons were more severely affected than L2/3 neurons. The response onset was significantly delayed in L4 cells. The peak response latency of L4 and L2/3 neurons was delayed significantly. In L2/3 and L4 of the barrel cortex there was a substantial increase in GAD65 (112% over controls) and much smaller increase in NMDAR1 (12-20%), suggesting enhanced inhibition in the PD cortex. These results show that chronic protein deficiency negatively affects both thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical transmission during somatosensory information processing. The findings support the interpretation that sustained protein deficiency interferes with features of cortical sensory processing that are likely to underlie the cognitive impairments reported in humans who have suffered from prolonged protein deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manisha Chugh
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | - V. Rema
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
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Rocha-de-Melo AP, Cavalcanti JDB, Barros AS, Guedes RCA. Manipulation of rat litter size during suckling influences cortical spreading depression after weaning and at adulthood. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 9:155-60. [PMID: 17176638 DOI: 10.1080/10284150600903602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional conditions early in life constitute one environmental factor that can influence brain electrophysiological features. Cortical spreading depression (SD) is a brain electrophysiological phenomenon that can be altered by the early nutritional status of organism. SD-velocity changes were presently studied in young (30-40 days old) and adult (90-120 days) rats suckled in litters formed by 3, 6, or 12 pups (called respectively small (S), medium (M) and large (L) litters). Body weights and SD propagation velocities in the 3 groups varied, respectively in an inverse and direct way, in relation to the litter sizes. The present investigation provides the first systematic description of the effectiveness of favorable and unfavorable lactation conditions (respectively suckling in S and L litters) in altering cortical SD-propagation. The results confirm previous evidence in favor of permanent or at least long-lasting SD-changes associated to the prevailing nutritional status during the period of fast brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rocha-de-Melo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, BR-50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Françolin-Silva AL, Brandão ML, Almeida SS. Early postnatal protein malnutrition causes resistance to the anxiolytic effects of diazepam as assessed by the fear-potentiated startle test. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 10:23-9. [PMID: 17539480 DOI: 10.1080/10284150601168346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Given that protein malnutrition induces structural, neurochemical and functional changes in the CNS, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different early periods of protein malnutrition on the behavior and reactivity to diazepam (DZ) in a model of anxiety: the fear-potentiated startle (FPS). Male Wistar rats (n = 110) from well-nourished (16 %-protein) or malnourished (6%-protein) litters were distributed in five different groups: W (well-nourished), M7 (malnourished for 7-days, since day 0), M14 (14-days), M21 (21-days) and M28 (28-days). The results obtained in FPS revealed that malnourished-animals acquired the startle response, irrespective of the time they were exposed to the diet. Besides, DZ reduced the startle amplitude in the noise-alone and light-noise trials. The data concerning the total freezing time showed that the expression of this response was affected by malnutrition and varied in accordance with the findings of previous studies in which malnutrition procedures was imposed for long periods (more than 50 days). Therefore, we suggest that early protein malnutrition: (a) did not produce deficits in the associative learning process of these animals in the FPS, and (b) decreased freezing time in the FPS and produce hyporeactivity to the effects of DZ in rats malnourished for 21 days or more, indicating alterations in the GABAergic neurotransmitter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Françolin-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Behavior, Department of Psychology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
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Rocha-de-Melo AP, Picanço-Diniz CW, Borba JMC, Santos-Monteiro J, Guedes RCA. NADPH-diaphorase Histochemical Labeling Patterns in the Hippocampal Neuropil and Visual Cortical Neurons in Weaned Rats Reared during Lactation on Different Litter Sizes. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 7:207-16. [PMID: 15682647 DOI: 10.1080/10284150400001961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue distribution of nitric oxide-synthases was investigated in the rat hippocampus and visual cortex under nutritional changes induced by modification of the litter size. Young (30-45-days-old) rats, suckled in litters formed by 3,6 or 12 pups (called small, medium and large litters, respectively), were studied by using nicotine-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry (shortly, diaphorase), a simple and robust procedure to characterize tissue distribution of nitric oxide-synthases. We assessed morphometric features of the diaphorase-positive cells in visual cortex, and the neuropil histochemical activity in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus using densitometry analysis. In the large-litter group, the labeled-cell density in white matter of area 17 was higher, as compared to the small-litter group. There was a clear trend, in the large-litter group, to lower values of soma area, dendritic field and branches per neuron, but the differences were not significant. Densitometry analysis of hippocampus revealed a significant increase in the relative neuropil histochemical activity of the dentate gyrus molecular layer in the larger litters, which may be associated to increased compensatory blood flow in the hippocampus. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the observed changes remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rocha-de-Melo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, BR-50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Mendonça JEF, Vilela MCR, Bittencourt H, Lapa RM, Oliveira FG, Alessio MLM, Guedes RCA, De Oliveira Costa MSM, Da Costa BLDSA. GFAP Expression in Astrocytes of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area are Differentially Affected by Malnutrition during Rat Brain Development. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 7:223-34. [PMID: 15682649 DOI: 10.1080/10284150400010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was investigate, in young rats, the effects of malnutrition on astrocyte distribution of two hypothalamic regions, the circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the medial preoptic area (MPA). Control rats were born from mothers fed on commercial diet since gestation and malnourished rats from mothers fed on multideficient diet, from the beginning of gestation (GLA group) or from the onset of lactation (LA group). After weaning, pups received ad libitum the same diet as their mothers, and were maintained under a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. The animals were analyzed either at 30-33, or 60-63 days of life. Brain coronal sections (50 microm) were processed to visualize glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Compared to control rats, both malnourished groups of 30 and 60 days exhibited a reduced number of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes in the SCN. The total GFAP-immunoreactive area in the SCN of the GLA group differed from the control group at both age ranges analyzed. The GFAP expression as measured by the relative optical density (ROD) exhibited a 50-60% reduction in the MPA in both malnourished groups, compared to controls. The results suggest that malnutrition early in life leads to alterations in gliogenesis or glial cell proliferation in both nuclei, being these alterations greater in the MPA. Compensatory plasticity mechanisms in the GFAP-expression seem to be developed in the astrocyte differentiation process in the SCN, especially when the malnutrition is installed from the lactation.
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do Monte-Silva KK, de Novaes Assis FL, Leal GMA, Guedes RCA. Nutrition-dependent influence of peripheral electrical stimulation during brain development on cortical spreading depression in weaned rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 10:187-94. [DOI: 10.1080/10284150701590316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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De Vasconcelos CAC, De Oliveira JAF, De Oliveira Costat LA, Guedes RCA. Malnutrition and REM-sleep Deprivation Modulate in Rats the Impairment of Spreading Depression by a Single Sub-convulsing Dose of Pilocarpine. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 7:163-70. [PMID: 15526990 DOI: 10.1080/10284150412331281031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a single injection of pilocarpine upon the phenomenon of cortical spreading depression (SD), in adult rats submitted to early malnutrition and/or to REM-sleep deprivation for 72h prior to the SD-recordings. The SD was recorded continuously for 3-4h in 13 well-nourished (W) and 15 early-malnourished (M) adult rats. One to two hours after the beginning of the recording session, a sub-convulsing intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pilocarpine (190mg/kg) was applied and its effects on SD were studied during the rest of the recording session. Pilocarpine reduced markedly the ECoG amplitudes in all animals and decreased the SD velocity of propagation in the M-, but not in the W-rats, as compared with the pre-drug values for the same animals. In additional 9W- and 10 M-animals, REM-sleep deprivation was induced during the 72 h preceding the SD-recording session. This condition enhanced the pilocarpine effects on SD in the W-, but not in the M-rats, as compared to the respective non-deprived (ND) groups. The results indicate an important acute cholinergic influence on SD, acting by means of pilocarpine-activated muscarinic receptors. This effect seems to be differentially modulated by sleep deprivation and malnutrition.
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Neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate lastingly facilitates spreading depression in the rat cortex. Life Sci 2013; 93:388-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soares AKF, Guerra RG, de Castro ML, Amancio-dos-Santos A, Guedes RCA, Cabral-Filho JE, Costa JA, Medeiros MDC. Somatic and reflex development in suckling rats: effects of mother treatment with ketogenic diet associated with lack of protein. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:260-6. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Maia L, Amancio-dos-Santos A, Duda-de-Oliveira D, Angelim M, Germano P, Santos S, Guedes R. L-Arginine administration during rat brain development facilitates spreading depression propagation: evidence for a dose- and nutrition-dependent effect. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:73-80. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Durán P, Miranda-Anaya M, de Jesús Romero-Sánchez M, Mondragón-Soto K, Granados-Rojas L, Cintra L. Time–place learning is altered by perinatal low-protein malnutrition in the adult rat. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 14:145-50. [DOI: 10.1179/147683011x13009738172567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Valadares C, Fukuda M, Françolin-Silva A, Hernandes A, Almeida S. Effects of postnatal protein malnutrition on learning and memory procedures. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 13:274-82. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Guedes RCA, Rocha-de-Melo AP, de Lima KR, de Albuquerque JDMS, Francisco EDS. Early malnutrition attenuates the impairing action of naloxone on spreading depression in young rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:142-6. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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da Silva Tenório A, da Silva Moura FR, de Lima Silva LPS, Guedes RCA. Lasting facilitatory effects of neonatal vibrissae removal on the propagation of cortical spreading depression: an electrophysiological study in well-nourished and early-malnourished adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:281-8. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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de Aguiar MJL, de Aguiar CRRA, Guedes RCA. Lithium/nutrition interaction in the brain: A single lithium administration impairs spreading depression in malnourished, but not in well-nourished rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 14:159-64. [DOI: 10.1179/147683011x13009738172440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ferraz-Pereira KN, Toscano AE, Manhães-de-Castro R. Effect of early undernutrition on masticatory morphophysiology: review of the literature. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1735-43. [PMID: 23849324 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Certain periods of development of the nervous system are critically vulnerable to environmental insults because of the processes involved that cycle very quickly. Morphologic and functional development of mastication occurs coincidently during these stages. Early environmental insults during critical periods can cause permanent effects on both structures and functions of organic systems that can have lasting repercussions in adulthood. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated, through a literature review, the possible effects of perinatal calorie and/or protein low diet on structural and physiological development of mastication. DESIGN A systematic literature search was conducted from in the PUBMED electronic database. In collecting literature we used the keywords: "undernutrition" and "stomatognathic system". Criteria used in the selection of articles for inclusion were: studies evaluating the effects of perinatal calorie and/or protein low diet on masticatory morphology and function. Exclusion criteria included, short communications and nonavailability in full text format. CONCLUSION Undernutrition during critical periods of life causes changes in the key structures of masticatory function. This fact can affect the selection of essential nutrients, thereby interfering with the process of satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Ferraz-Pereira
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Nutrition, Av. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901 Recife, Brazil.
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Variation in Protein and Calorie Consumption Following Protein Malnutrition in Rattus norvegicus. Animals (Basel) 2013; 3:33-44. [PMID: 26487308 PMCID: PMC4495520 DOI: 10.3390/ani3010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Catch-up growth following malnutrition is likely influenced by available protein and calories. We measured calorie and protein consumption following the removal of protein malnutrition after 40, 60 and 90 days, in laboratory rats. Following the transition in diet, animals self-selected fewer calories, implying elevated protein is sufficient to fuel catch-up growth, eventually resulting in body weights and bone lengths greater or equal to those of control animals. Rats rehabilitated at younger ages, had more drastic alterations in consumption. Variable responses in different ages and sex highlight the plasticity of growth and how nutrition affects body form. This work furthers our understanding of how humans and livestock can recover from protein-restriction malnutrition, which seems to employ different biological responses. Abstract Catch-up growth rates, following protein malnutrition, vary with timing and duration of insult, despite unlimited access to calories. Understanding changing patterns of post-insult consumption, relative rehabilitation timing, can provide insight into the mechanisms driving those differences. We hypothesize that higher catch-up growth rates will be correlated with increased protein consumption, while calorie consumption could remain stable. As catch-up growth rates decrease with age/malnutrition duration, we predict a dose effect in protein consumption with rehabilitation timing. We measured total and protein consumption, body mass, and long bone length, following an increase of dietary protein at 40, 60 and 90 days, with two control groups (chronic reduced protein or standard protein) for 150+ days. Immediately following rehabilitation, rats’ food consumption decreased significantly, implying that elevated protein intake is sufficient to fuel catch-up growth rates that eventually result in body weights and long bone lengths greater or equal to final measures of chronically fed standard (CT) animals. The duration of protein restriction affected consumption: rats rehabilitated at younger ages had more drastic alterations in consumption of both calories and protein. While rehabilitated animals did compensate with greater protein consumption, variable responses in different ages and sex highlight the plasticity of growth and how nutrition affects body form.
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Quiroz-González S, Segura-Alegría B, Olmos JCG, Jiménez-Estrada I. The effect of chronic undernourishment on the synaptic depression of cutaneous pathways in the rat spinal cord. Brain Res Bull 2012; 89:97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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