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Youn J, Patel KD, Perriman AW, Sung JS, Patel M, Bouchard LS, Patel R. Tissue adhesives based on chitosan for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39289924 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan bio-adhesives bond strongly with various biological tissues, such as skin, mucosa, and internal organs. Their adhesive ability arises from amino acid and hydroxyl groups in chitosan, facilitating interactions with tissue surfaces through chemical (ionic, covalent, and hydrogen) and physical (chain entanglement) bonding. As non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials, chitosan bio-adhesives are a safe option for medical therapies. They are particularly suitable for drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In this review, we address chitosan-based bio-adhesives and the mechanisms associated with them. We also discuss different chitosan composite-based bio-adhesives and their biomedical applications in wound healing, drug delivery, hemostasis, and tissue regeneration. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for the clinical use of chitosan-based bio-adhesives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Youn
- School of Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, South Korea
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology (LSBT), Underwood Division (UD), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul-si, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Adam W Perriman
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, 03760, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Louis-S Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East|Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21938, South Korea.
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2
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Gaballa SA, Shimizu T, Ando H, Takata H, Emam SE, Ramadan E, Naguib YW, Mady FM, Khaled KA, Ishida T. Treatment-induced and Pre-existing Anti-peg Antibodies: Prevalence, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:555-578. [PMID: 37931786 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is used in numerous pharmaceutical applications like the food industry, a wide range of disinfectants, cosmetics, and many commonly used household products. PEGylation is the term used to describe the covalent attachment of PEG molecules to nanocarriers, proteins and peptides, and it is used to prolong the circulation half-life of the PEGylated products. Consequently, PEGylation improves the efficacy of PEGylated therapeutics. However, after four decades of research and more than two decades of clinical applications, an unappealing side of PEGylation has emerged. PEG immunogenicity and antigenicity are remarkable challenges that confound the widespread clinical application of PEGylated therapeutics - even those under clinical trials - as anti-PEG antibodies (Abs) are commonly reported following the systemic administration of PEGylated therapeutics. Furthermore, pre-existing anti-PEG Abs have also been reported in healthy individuals who have never been treated with PEGylated therapeutics. The circulating anti-PEG Abs, both treatment-induced and pre-existing, selectively bind to PEG molecules of the administered PEGylated therapeutics inducing activation of the complement system, which results in remarkable clinical implications with varying severity. These include increased blood clearance of the administered PEGylated therapeutics through what is known as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon and initiation of serious adverse effects through complement activation-related pseudoallergic reactions (CARPA). Therefore, the US FDA industry guidelines have recommended the screening of anti-PEG Abs, in addition to Abs against PEGylated proteins, in the clinical trials of PEGylated protein therapeutics. In addition, strategies revoking the immunogenic response against PEGylated therapeutics without compromising their therapeutic efficacy are important for the further development of advanced PEGylated therapeutics and drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Gaballa
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Haruka Takata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Eslam Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Khaled
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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3
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Khajeei A, Masoomzadeh S, Gholikhani T, Javadzadeh Y. The Effect of PEGylation on Drugs' Pharmacokinetic Parameters; from Absorption to Excretion. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:978-992. [PMID: 37345248 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230621124953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Until the drugs enter humans life, they may face problems in transportation, drug delivery, and metabolism. These problems can cause reducing drug's therapeutic effect and even increase its side effects. Together, these cases can reduce the patient's compliance with the treatment and complicate the treatment process. Much work has been done to solve or at least reduce these problems. For example, using different forms of a single drug molecule (like Citalopram and Escitalopram); slight changes in the drug's molecule like Meperidine and α-Prodine, and using carriers (like Tigerase®). PEGylation is a recently presented method that can use for many targets. Poly Ethylene Glycol or PEG is a polymer that can attach to drugs by using different methods and resulting sustained release, controlled metabolism, targeted delivery, and other cases. Although they will not necessarily lead to an increase in the effect of the drug, they will lead to the improvement of the treatment process in certain ways. In this article, the team of authors has tried to collect and carefully review the best cases based on the PEGylation of drugs that can help the readers of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khajeei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Masoomzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tooba Gholikhani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Stutzman JR, Hutchins PD, Bain RM. Online Bipolar Dual Spray for the Charge State Reduction and Characterization of Complex Synthetic Polymers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2840-2848. [PMID: 38053368 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge reduction mass spectrometry (CR/MS) hyphenated to liquid chromatography (LC) couples liquid-phase compound separation and mass spectral decompression to resolve and characterize multicomponent systems. LC/CR/MS has proven to be effective for complex mixture analysis, particularly synthetic polymers. A newer charge manipulation approach called bipolar dual spray has previously been demonstrated to reduce the observed charge state distribution of ammoniated polyethene glycol. In this approach, two electrospray emitters, in close proximity and of opposite polarity, fuse droplets from their electrospray plumes, which allows the subsequent chemistry. In this work, we investigate the ability of bipolar dual spray to reduce the charge of synthetic polyols, thereby simplifying complex mixture analysis and generating new compositional information only available through the coupling of charge reduction with LC/MS analysis. This work also represents the first demonstration of online charge reduction via dual spray. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 7.2K subjected to LC/MS with dual spray reduced the average charge state from 8.2+ to 4.4+. LC/MS with dual spray was also applied to the characterization of an end-group-modified PEG 10K (i.e., aminated) containing several reaction impurities. This approach allowed for the identification of low-level starting material, tosylated PEG, and PEG mono(amine), where both LC/MS and direct infusion dual spray did not detect the impurities. Overall, the results demonstrated that bipolar dual spray can be incorporated into an LC/MS analysis and affords the ability to reduce the charge state distribution of PEG cations, decompress the m/z axis, lower spectra complexity, and enable/simplify data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Stutzman
- Analytical Sciences, Dow Inc., Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Paul D Hutchins
- Analytical Sciences, Dow Inc., Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Ryan M Bain
- Analytical Sciences, Dow Inc., Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
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5
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Shavalier SA, Gezelter JD. Heat Transfer in Gold Interfaces Capped with Thiolated Polyethylene Glycol: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10215-10225. [PMID: 37978942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were used to study heat transport in solvated gold interfaces which have been functionalized with a low-molecular weight thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG). The gold interfaces studied included (111), (110), and (100) facets as well as spherical nanoparticles with radii of 10 and 20 Å. The embedded atom model (EAM) and the polarizable density-readjusted embedded atom model (DR-EAM) were implemented to determine the effect of metal polarizability on heat transport properties. We find that the interfacial thermal conductance values for thiolated PEG-capped interfaces are higher than those for pristine gold interfaces. Hydrogen bonding between the thiolated PEG and solvent differs between planar facets and the nanospheres, suggesting one mechanism for enhanced transfer of energy, while the covalent gold sulfur bond appears to create the largest barrier to thermal conduction. Through analysis of vibrational power spectra, we find an enhanced population at low-frequency heat-carrying modes for the nanospheres, which may also explain the higher mean interfacial thermal conductance (G) value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney A Shavalier
- Nieuwland Science Hall, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - J Daniel Gezelter
- Nieuwland Science Hall, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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6
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Liu L, Zhao J, Zhang G. Chemoselectivity Streamlines the Approach to Linear and Y-Shaped Thiol-Polyethers Starting from Thiocarboxylic Acids. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1185-1192. [PMID: 37552569 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-functionalized polyethers, especially poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), have extensive applications in biomedicine and materials sciences. Herein, we report a simple one-pot synthesis of α-thiol-ω-hydroxyl polyethers through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides using thiocarboxylic acid initiators followed by in situ aminolysis. The efficient and chemoselective metal-free Lewis pair catalyst avoids transthioesterification thus achieving well-controlled molar mass, low dispersity, and high end-group fidelity. Kinetic and calculation results demonstrated a fast-initiation mode of the ROP for the strong nucleophilicity of the thiocarboxylate anion and its weak interaction with Lewis acid. The method is expanded for α-thiol-ω-dihydroxyl (Y-shaped) PEO by virtue of the stability of thioester during the ROP. The thiol functionality in linear/Y-shaped PEO is further corroborated by the intensified interaction with gold surface and the resultant protein resistance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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7
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Zhou QA. PEGylated Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations: Immunological Safety and Efficiency Perspective. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37162501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been recognized as efficient vehicles to transport a large variety of therapeutics. Currently in the spotlight as important constituents of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, LNPs play a significant role in protecting and transporting mRNA to cells. As one of their key constituents, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid conjugates are important in defining LNP physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. PEGylation has proven particularly efficient in conferring longer systemic circulation of LNPs, thus greatly improving their pharmacokinetics and efficiency. Along with revealing the benefits of PEG conjugates, studies have revealed unexpected immune reactions against PEGylated nanocarriers such as accelerated blood clearance (ABC), involving the production of anti-PEG antibodies at initial injection, which initiates accelerated blood clearance upon subsequent injections, as well as a hypersensitivity reaction referred to as complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). Further, data have been accumulated indicating consistent yet sometimes controversial correlations between various structural parameters of the PEG-lipids, the properties of the PEGylated LNPs, and the magnitude of the observed adverse effects. Detailed knowledge and comprehension of such correlations are of foremost importance in the efforts to diminish and eliminate the undesirable immune reactions and improve the safety and efficiency of the PEGylated medicines. Here, we present an overview based on analysis of data from the CAS Content Collection regarding the PEGylated LNP immunogenicity and overall safety concerns. A comprehensive summary has been compiled outlining how various structural parameters of the PEG-lipids affect the immune responses and activities of the LNPs, with regards to their efficiency in drug delivery. This Review is thus intended to serve as a helpful resource in understanding the current knowledge in the field, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges and to achieve full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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8
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Yan L, Ke Y, Wang Y, Yang J, He Y, Wu L. Effect of Mini-PEGs Modification on the Enzymatic Digestion of D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides under the Action of PROK. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203524. [PMID: 36541269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It was previously reported that D-amino acid-containing peptides exhibited the ability to resist enzymatic hydrolysis. This study investigated the influence of mini-PEGs modification on enzymatic hydrolysis ability of D-amino acid-containing peptides. The results showed that PEGylation promoted enzymatic hydrolysis of the D-amino acid-containing peptide, especially, the cleavage rate of the D-amino acid-containing peptide 6-w with PEG3 modification at the N-ends was up to 17 times higher in the presence of proteinase K (PROK) compared to those without PEG3 modification. Moreover, analysis of the enzymatic cleavage sites demonstrated a similar cleavage pattern of the PEGylated D-amino acid-containing peptide to that of the unmodified peptide. The computational simulations further showed that the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis ability can be attributed to the strong interaction between PROK and the peptide after PEG3 modification and the resulting formation of a mature catalytic triad structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Ke
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingkui Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Dreyer R, Pfukwa R, Barth S, Hunter R, Klumperman B. The Evolution of SNAP-Tag Labels. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:517-530. [PMID: 36607253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of proteins with synthetic molecules can be conducted in many different ways. In this Perspective, we focus on tag-based techniques and specifically on the SNAP-tag technology. The SNAP-tag technology makes use of a fusion protein between a protein of interest and an enzyme tag that enables the actual conjugation reaction. The SNAP-tag is based on the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) enzyme and is optimized to react selectively with O6-benzylguanine (BG) substrates. BG-containing dye derivatives have frequently been used to introduce a fluorescent tag to a specific protein. We believe that the site-specific conjugation of polymers to proteins can significantly benefit from the SNAP-tag technology. Especially, polymers synthesized via reversible deactivation radical polymerization allow for the facile introduction of a BG end group to enable SNAP-tag conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Dreyer
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Rueben Pfukwa
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa
| | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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10
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Holz E, Darwish M, Tesar DB, Shatz-Binder W. A Review of Protein- and Peptide-Based Chemical Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:600. [PMID: 36839922 PMCID: PMC9959917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the complexity of molecular entities being advanced for therapeutic purposes has continued to evolve. A main propellent fueling innovation is the perpetual mandate within the pharmaceutical industry to meet the needs of novel disease areas and/or delivery challenges. As new mechanisms of action are uncovered, and as our understanding of existing mechanisms grows, the properties that are required and/or leveraged to enable therapeutic development continue to expand. One rapidly evolving area of interest is that of chemically enhanced peptide and protein therapeutics. While a variety of conjugate molecules such as antibody-drug conjugates, peptide/protein-PEG conjugates, and protein conjugate vaccines are already well established, others, such as antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and peptide/protein conjugates using non-PEG polymers, are newer to clinical development. This review will evaluate the current development landscape of protein-based chemical conjugates with special attention to considerations such as modulation of pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, and entry into difficult to access targets, as well as bioavailability. Furthermore, for the purpose of this review, the types of molecules discussed are divided into two categories: (1) therapeutics that are enhanced by protein or peptide bioconjugation, and (2) protein and peptide therapeutics that require chemical modifications. Overall, the breadth of novel peptide- or protein-based therapeutics moving through the pipeline each year supports a path forward for the pursuit of even more complex therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Holz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martine Darwish
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Devin B. Tesar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Whitney Shatz-Binder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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11
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Sharma A, Kaushik V, Goel M. Insights into the Distribution and Functional Properties of l-Asparaginase in the Archaeal Domain and Characterization of Picrophilus torridus Asparaginase Belonging to the Novel Family Asp2like1. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40750-40765. [PMID: 36406543 PMCID: PMC9670692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia and is used in the medical and food industries. In this investigation, from the proteomes of 176 archaeal organisms (with completely sequenced genomes), 116 homologs of l-asparaginase were obtained from 86 archaeal organisms segregated into Asp1, Asp2, IaaA, Asp2like1, and Asp2like2 families based on the conserved domain. The similarities and differences in the structure of selected representatives from each family are discussed. From the two novel archaeal l-asparaginase families Asp2like1 and Asp2like2, a representative of Asp2like1 family Picrophilus torridus asparaginase (PtAsp2like1) was characterized in detail to find its suitability in therapeutics. PtAsp2like1 was a glutaminase-free asparaginase that showed the optimum activity at 80 °C and pH 10.0. The Km of PtAsp2like1 toward substrate l-asparagine was 11.69 mM. This study demonstrates the improved mapping of asparaginases in the archaeal domain, facilitating future focused research on archaeal asparaginases for therapeutic applications.
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12
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Church DC, Davis E, Caparco AA, Takiguchi L, Chung YH, Steinmetz NF, Pokorski JK. Polynorbornene-based bioconjugates by aqueous grafting-from ring-opening metathesis polymerization reduce protein immunogenicity. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:101067. [PMID: 36816463 PMCID: PMC9933924 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates (PPCs) improve therapeutic efficacy of proteins and have been widely used for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and hepatitis. PEGylation is considered as the "gold standard" in bioconjugation, although in practice its clinical applications are becoming limited because of extensive evidence of immunogenicity induced by pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies in patients. Here, optimized reaction conditions for living aqueous grafting-from ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) are utilized to synthesize water-soluble polynorbornene (PNB)-based PPCs of lysozyme (Lyz-PPCs) and bacteriophage Qβ (Qβ-PPCs) as PEG alternatives. Lyz-PPCs retain nearly 100% bioactivity and Qβ-PPCs exhibit up to 35% decrease in protein immunogenicity. Qβ-PPCs derived from NB-PEG show no reduction in recognition by anti-PEG antibodies while Qβ-PPCs derived from NB-Zwit show >95% reduction as compared with Qβ-PEG. This work demonstrates a new method for PPC synthesis and the utility of grafting from PPCs to evade immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Church
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Elizabathe Davis
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam A. Caparco
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lauren Takiguchi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Lead contact
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13
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Shariare MH, Khan MA, Al-Masum A, Khan JH, Uddin J, Kazi M. Development of Stable Liposomal Drug Delivery System of Thymoquinone and Its In Vitro Anticancer Studies Using Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196744. [PMID: 36235288 PMCID: PMC9571792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone, a well-known phytoconstituent derived from the seeds of Nigella sativa, exhibits unique pharmacological activities However, despite the various medicinal properties of thymoquinone, its administration in vivo remains challenging due to poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Therefore, an advanced drugdelivery system is required to improve the therapeutic outcome of thymoquinone by enhancing its solubility and stability in biological systems. Therefore, this study is mainly focused on preparing thymoquinone-loaded liposomes to improve its physicochemical stability in gastric media and its performance in different cancer cell line studies. Liposomes were prepared using phospholipid extracted from egg yolk. The liposomal nano preparations were evaluated in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, microscopic analysis, and entrapment efficiency. Cell-viability measurements were conducted using breast and cervical cancer cell lines. Optimized liposomal preparation exhibited polygonal, globule-like shape with a hydrodynamic diameter of less than 260 nm, PDI of 0.6, and zeta potential values of -23.0 mV. Solid-state characterizations performed using DSC and XRPD showed that the freeze-dried liposomal preparations were amorphous in nature. Gastric pH stability data showed no physical changes (precipitation, degradation) or significant growth in the average size of blank and thymoquinone-loaded liposomes after 24 h. Cell line studies exhibited better performance for thymoquinone-loaded liposomal drug delivery system compared with the thymoquinone-only solution; this finding can play a critical role in improving breast and cervical cancer treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossain Shariare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +880-1716620012 (M.H.S.); 966-114-677-372 (M.K.)
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Masum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Junayet Hossain Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +880-1716620012 (M.H.S.); 966-114-677-372 (M.K.)
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14
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Zalba S, Ten Hagen TLM, Burgui C, Garrido MJ. Stealth nanoparticles in oncology: Facing the PEG dilemma. J Control Release 2022; 351:22-36. [PMID: 36087801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (Nps) have revolutionized the landscape of many treatments, by modifying not only pharmacokinetic properties of the encapsulated agent, but also providing a significant protection of the drug from non-desired interactions, and reducing side-effects of the enclosed therapeutic, enabling co-encapsulation of possibly synergistic compounds or activities, allowing a controlled release of content and improving the therapeutic effect. Nevertheless, in systemic circulation, Nps suffer a rapid removal by opsonisation and the action of Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). To overcome this problem, different polymers, in particular Polyethyleneglycol (PEG), have been used to cover the surface of these nanocarriers forming a hydrophilic layer that allows the delay of the removal. These advantages contrast with some drawbacks such as the difficulty to interact with cell membranes and the development of immunological reactions, conforming the known, "PEG dilemma". To address and minimize this phenomenon, different strategies have been applied. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the state of the art of Pegylation strategies, comment in depth on the principal characteristics of PEG and describe the main alternatives, which are the use of cleavable PEG, addition of different polymers or even use other derivatives of cell membranes to camouflage Nps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Navarra; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, and Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Burgui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Navarra
| | - María J Garrido
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Navarra; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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15
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Hu Y, Zhang BY, Haque F, Ren G, Ou JZ. Plasmonic metal oxides and their biological applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2288-2324. [PMID: 35770972 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxides modified with dopants and defects are an emerging class of novel materials supporting the localized surface plasmon resonance across a wide range of optical wavelengths, which have attracted tremendous research interest particularly in biological applications in the past decade. Compared to conventional noble metal-based plasmonic materials, plasmonic metal oxides are particularly favored for their cost efficiency, flexible plasmonic properties, and improved biocompatibility, which can be important to accelerate their practical implementation. In this review, we first explicate the origin of plasmonics in dopant/defect-enabled metal oxides and their associated tunable localized surface plasmon resonance through the conventional Mie-Gans model. The research progress of dopant incorporation and defect generation in metal oxide hosts, including both in situ and ex situ approaches, is critically discussed. The implementation of plasmonic metal oxides in biological applications in terms of therapy, imaging, and sensing is summarized, in which the uniqueness of dopant/defect-driven plasmonics for inducing novel functionalities is particularly emphasized. This review may provide insightful guidance for developing next-generation plasmonic devices for human health monitoring, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Hu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Bao Yue Zhang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Farjana Haque
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Guanghui Ren
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Joshi A, Kishore N. Macromolecular crowding and preferential exclusion counteract the effect of protein denaturant: Biophysical aspects. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Zhang C, Qi Y, Zhang Z. Swelling Behaviour of Polystyrene Microsphere Enhanced PEG-Based Hydrogels in Seawater and Evolution Mechanism of Their Three-Dimensional Network Microstructure. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144959. [PMID: 35888427 PMCID: PMC9316508 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To understand the microstructure evolution of hydrogels swollen in seawater, freeze-drying technology was used to fix and preserve the swollen three-dimensional microstructure. By this method, we revealed the swelling behavior of hydrogels in seawater, and elucidated the mechanism of the swelling process. Meanwhile, we also used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; laser confocal microscopy; field emission scanning electron microscopy, and swelling performance tests to research the structure and properties of PS-PEG hydrogels, before and after seawater swelling, and analyzed the structure and properties of PEG-based hydrogels with different contents of polystyrene microspheres. Results showed that PS-PEG hydrogels went through three stages during the swelling process, namely ‘wetting-rapid swelling-swelling equilibrium’. Due to the capillary effect and hydration effect, the surface area would initially grow tiny pores, and enter the interior in a free penetration manner. Finally, it formed a stable structure, and this process varied with different content of polystyrene microspheres. In addition, with the increase of polystyrene microsphere content, the roughness of the hydrogel before swelling would increase, but decrease after swelling. Appropriate acquisition of polystyrene microspheres could enhance the three-dimensional network structure of PEG-based hydrogels, with a lower swelling degree than hydrogels without polystyrene microspheres.
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18
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Sasso J, Ambrose BJB, Tenchov R, Datta RS, Basel MT, DeLong RK, Zhou QA. The Progress and Promise of RNA Medicine─An Arsenal of Targeted Treatments. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6975-7015. [PMID: 35533054 PMCID: PMC9115888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a shift in research, clinical development, and commercial activity to exploit the many physiological roles of RNA for use in medicine. With the rapid success in the development of lipid-RNA nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and with several approved RNA-based drugs, RNA has catapulted to the forefront of drug research. With diverse functions beyond the role of mRNA in producing antigens or therapeutic proteins, many classes of RNA serve regulatory roles in cells and tissues. These RNAs have potential as new therapeutics, with RNA itself serving as either a drug or a target. Here, based on the CAS Content Collection, we provide a landscape view of the current state and outline trends in RNA research in medicine across time, geography, therapeutic pipelines, chemical modifications, and delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Barbara J. B. Ambrose
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ruchira S. Datta
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Matthew T. Basel
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Robert K. DeLong
- Nanotechnology
Innovation Center Kansas State, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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19
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Almásy L, Artykulnyi OP, Petrenko VI, Ivankov OI, Bulavin LA, Yan M, Haramus VM. Structure and Intermolecular Interactions in Aqueous Solutions of Polyethylene Glycol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082573. [PMID: 35458769 PMCID: PMC9024505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol are studied by small-angle neutron scattering over a broad range of polymer molecular masses and concentrations. The scattering data were modeled by a Gaussian chain form factor combined with random phase approximation, which provided good fits over the whole studied concentration range. The results showed that polyethylene glycol in the molecular mass range 0.4–20 kDa in water at physiological temperature T = 37 °C behaves like a random coil in nearly theta solvent conditions. The obtained results serve as a reference for the description of complex mixtures with PEG used in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Almásy
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (V.M.H.)
| | - Oleksandr P. Artykulnyi
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.P.A.); (O.I.I.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Viktor I. Petrenko
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Oleksandr I. Ivankov
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.P.A.); (O.I.I.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Leonid A. Bulavin
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.P.A.); (O.I.I.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Minhao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Vasil M. Haramus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Street 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (V.M.H.)
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20
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Hu Q, Jia L, Zhang X, Zhu A, Wang S, Xie X. Accurate construction of cell membrane biomimetic graphene nanodecoys via purposeful surface engineering to improve screening efficiency of active components of traditional Chinese medicine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:394-405. [PMID: 35127394 PMCID: PMC8799996 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic nanoengineering presents great potential in biomedical research by integrating cell membrane (CM) with functional nanoparticles. However, preparation of CM biomimetic nanomaterials for custom applications that can avoid the aggregation of nanocarriers while maintaining the biological activity of CM remains a challenge. Herein, a high-performance CM biomimetic graphene nanodecoy was fabricated via purposeful surface engineering, where polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to modifying magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) to improve its stability in physiological solution, so as to improve the screening efficiency to active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With this strategy, the constructed PEGylated MGO (PMGO) could keep stable at least 10 days, thus improving the CM coating efficiency. Meanwhile, by taking advantage of the inherent ability of HeLa cell membrane (HM) to interact with specific ligands, HM-camouflaged PMGO showed satisfied adsorption capacity (116.2 mg/g) and selectivity. Finally, three potential active components, byakangelicol, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin, were screened from Angelica dahurica, whose potential antiproliferative activity were further validated by pharmacological studies. These results demonstrated that the purposeful surface engineering is a promising strategy for the design of efficient CM biomimetic nanomaterials, which will promote the development of active components screening in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lanlan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Aihong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 29 82656788.
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21
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Yang X, Chen Y, Qiao N. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly (ethylene glycol) on preparation of ibuprofen pharmaceutical cocrystal. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Yang
- North China University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yang Chen
- North China University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ning Qiao
- North China University of Science and Technology, China; Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, China
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22
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Tenchov R, Bird R, Curtze AE, Zhou Q. Lipid Nanoparticles─From Liposomes to mRNA Vaccine Delivery, a Landscape of Research Diversity and Advancement. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16982-17015. [PMID: 34181394 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 251.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged across the pharmaceutical industry as promising vehicles to deliver a variety of therapeutics. Currently in the spotlight as vital components of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, LNPs play a key role in effectively protecting and transporting mRNA to cells. Liposomes, an early version of LNPs, are a versatile nanomedicine delivery platform. A number of liposomal drugs have been approved and applied to medical practice. Subsequent generations of lipid nanocarriers, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and cationic lipid-nucleic acid complexes, exhibit more complex architectures and enhanced physical stabilities. With their ability to encapsulate and deliver therapeutics to specific locations within the body and to release their contents at a desired time, LNPs provide a valuable platform for treatment of a variety of diseases. Here, we present a landscape of LNP-related scientific publications, including patents and journal articles, based on analysis of the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific knowledge. Rising trends are identified, such as nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles becoming the preferred platforms for numerous formulations. Recent advancements in LNP formulations as drug delivery platforms, such as antitumor and nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccine delivery systems, are discussed. Challenges and growth opportunities are also evaluated in other areas, such as medical imaging, cosmetics, nutrition, and agrochemicals. This report is intended to serve as a useful resource for those interested in LNP nanotechnologies, their applications, and the global research effort for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Allison E Curtze
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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23
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Babaei-Ghazvini A, Acharya B. Humidity-Responsive Photonic Films and Coatings Based on Tuned Cellulose Nanocrystals/Glycerol/Polyethylene Glycol. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213695. [PMID: 34771254 PMCID: PMC8588499 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been extensively reported that cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can represent structural colors due to their unique chiral-nematic self-assembly. However, the application of this remarkable structure does need further investigation. It has been challenging to keep the selective reflection band (SRB) resulting from the CNC structure in the visible spectrum. Herein, composition of CNC colloidal suspensions with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and glycerol (Gly) have been studied to develop humidity-responsive sensors in the form of coatings and films. The fabricated samples were characterized for their mechanical properties, optical properties, water uptake capacity, water contact angle, and surface roughness. Additionally, the chemical structure of the samples was studied with FTIR spectroscopy. The produced humidity indicators on microbial glass slides were maintained and tested in a different relative humidity range from 20% to 98% with a different color response from blue to red, respectively. The color change of the humidity sensors was reversible for several cycles. It should be noted that the color change can be detected easily by the naked eye. The water uptake test showed that pure CNC and CNC/Gly had the lowest (34%) and highest (83%) water absorption levels. The mechanical tests for CNC/PEG composites showed the highest tensile strength (40.22 MPa). Moreover, microstructural characterizations confirmed the CNC pitch formation in all the samples. Addition of the fillers increased the CNC pitch, resulting in a mesoporous film formation. These produced humidity sensors are promising candidates in food and drug packaging due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness.
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24
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Understanding the Adsorption of Peptides and Proteins onto PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195788. [PMID: 34641335 PMCID: PMC8510204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface conjugations are widely employed to render passivating properties to nanoparticles in biological applications. The benefits of surface passivation by PEG are reduced protein adsorption, diminished non-specific interactions, and improvement in pharmacokinetics. However, the limitations of PEG passivation remain an active area of research, and recent examples from the literature demonstrate how PEG passivation can fail. Here, we study the adsorption amount of biomolecules to PEGylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), focusing on how different protein properties influence binding. The AuNPs are PEGylated with three different sizes of conjugated PEG chains, and we examine interactions with proteins of different sizes, charges, and surface cysteine content. The experiments are carried out in vitro at physiologically relevant timescales to obtain the adsorption amounts and rates of each biomolecule on AuNP-PEGs of varying compositions. Our findings are relevant in understanding how protein size and the surface cysteine content affect binding, and our work reveals that cysteine residues can dramatically increase adsorption rates on PEGylated AuNPs. Moreover, shorter chain PEG molecules passivate the AuNP surface more effectively against all protein types.
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25
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Iwasaki M, Yoshimoto M. Confinement of Metalloenzymes in PEGylated Liposomes to Formulate Colloidal Catalysts for Antioxidant Cascade. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10624-10635. [PMID: 34431680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant cascade reactions detoxifying reactive oxygen species are of significance to control oxidative stresses-triggered diseases. In the present work, the antioxidant catalysts were prepared through the confinement of dual metalloenzymes in liposomes. The amino groups of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were conjugated to the carboxyl groups-bearing liposomes encapsulated with the catalase (CAT) to formulate a spatially organized antioxidant reaction network. The activity of SOD and CAT in the liposomal system was evaluated in detail on the basis of the prolonged xanthine oxidase/xanthine reaction producing superoxide anion radicals (O2̇-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) coupled with redox reactions of cytochrome c. The liposome-confined SOD and CAT molecules were clearly demonstrated to catalyze the sequential disproportionation of O2̇- and H2O2 at 25 °C in a potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.8) under moderate transfer resistance with respect to the intermediate product (H2O2) within the liposomes. Furthermore, the liposomal catalysts were modified with the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated lipids with the molecular mass of the PEG moiety of about 5000 through the post-PEGylation approach. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the PEGylated liposomal catalysts was 140-150 nm. The dual enzyme activity in liposomes and the thermal stability of the encapsulated CAT were practically unaffected by the PEGylation. The above liposome-based antioxidant catalysts are highly biocompatible, PEG-modifiable, and reactive, thereby making the catalysts potentially applicable to therapeutic materials exhibiting functionality similar to cellular peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
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26
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Shepherd SJ, Issadore D, Mitchell MJ. Microfluidic formulation of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120826. [PMID: 33965797 PMCID: PMC8752123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has made significant advances in clinical applications since the late-20th century, in part due to its distinct advantages in biocompatibility, potency, and novel therapeutic applications. Many nanoparticle (NP) therapies have been approved for clinical use, including as imaging agents or as platforms for drug delivery and gene therapy. However, there are remaining challenges that hinder translation, such as non-scalable production methods and the inefficiency of current NP formulations in delivering their cargo to their target. To address challenges with existing formulation methods that have batch-to-batch variability and produce particles with high dispersity, microfluidics-devices that manipulate fluids on a micrometer scale-have demonstrated enormous potential to generate reproducible NP formulations for therapeutic, diagnostic, and preventative applications. Microfluidic-generated NP formulations have been shown to have enhanced properties for biomedical applications by formulating NPs with more controlled physical properties than is possible with bulk techniques-such as size, size distribution, and loading efficiency. In this review, we highlight advances in microfluidic technologies for the formulation of NPs, with an emphasis on lipid-based NPs, polymeric NPs, and inorganic NPs. We provide a summary of microfluidic devices used for NP formulation with their advantages and respective challenges. Additionally, we provide our analysis for future outlooks in the field of NP formulation and microfluidics, with emerging topics of production scale-independent formulations through device parallelization and multi-step reactions within droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Shepherd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Asgari S, Pourjavadi A, Setayeshmehr M, Boisen A, Ajalloueian F. Encapsulation of Drug‐Loaded Graphene Oxide‐Based Nanocarrier into Electrospun Pullulan Nanofibers for Potential Local Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Asgari
- Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sharif University of Technology Tehran 1458889694 Iran
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sharif University of Technology Tehran 1458889694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Setayeshmehr
- Department of Biomaterials Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 8174673461 Iran
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN) Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN) Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Noncovalent Protection for Direct Synthesis of α-Amino-ω-hydroxyl Poly(ethylene oxide). ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:737-743. [PMID: 35549103 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with amino end group, a key functionality for PEGylation, is a long-standing challenge. Multistep routes based on postmodification or covalent protection have been adopted to circumvent ethoxylation of the amino group by ethylene oxide (EO). Here, we report a noncovalent protection strategy for one-step synthesis of PEO amine. An amino (di)alcohol is mixed with a small amount of mild phosphazene base and excess triethylborane (Et3B) before addition of EO. The complexation of the amino group with Et3B guarantees that polymerization of EO occurs selectively from the hydroxyl group through the bicomponent metal-free catalysis. Simply by precipitation in diethyl ether, the protective Et3B as well as the catalyst can be removed to afford α-amino-ω-hydroxyl PEO with controlled molar mass, low dispersity, and complete end functionality. The effect of initiator structure and retention of Et3B on the storage (oxidative) stability of PEO amine is also revealed.
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Jung HY, Le Thi P, HwangBo KH, Bae JW, Park KD. Tunable and high tissue adhesive properties of injectable chitosan based hydrogels through polymer architecture modulation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117810. [PMID: 33766329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-based hydrogels have been widely used for various biomedical applications due to their versatile properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, muco-adhesiveness, hemostatic effect and so on. However, the inherent rigidity and brittleness of pure chitosan hydrogels are still unmanageable, which has limited their potential use in biomaterial research. In this study, we developed in situ forming chitosan/PEG hydrogels with improved mechanical properties, using the enzymatic crosslinking reaction of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The effect of PEG on physico-chemical properties of hybrid hydrogels was thoroughly elucidated by varying the content (0-100 %), molecular weight (4, 10 and 20 kDa) and geometry (linear, 4-arm) of the PEG derivatives. The resulting hydrogels demonstrated excellent hemostatic ability and are highly biocompatible in vivo, comparable to commercially available fibrin glue. We suggest these chitosan/PEG hybrid hydrogels with tunable physicochemical and tissue adhesive properties have great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Jung
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Phuong Le Thi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hee HwangBo
- Department of Material Development, GENOSS, 906-5 Iuidong, Yeongtong, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Bae
- Department of Material Development, GENOSS, 906-5 Iuidong, Yeongtong, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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Mthimkhulu NP, Mosiane KS, Nweke EE, Balogun M, Fru P. Prospects of Delivering Natural Compounds by Polymer-Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1699-1713. [PMID: 33874874 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210419094623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemotherapeutics have played a crucial role in minimizing mostly palliative symptoms associated with cancer; however, they have also created other problems such as system toxicity due to a lack of specificity. This has led to the development of polymer-drug conjugates amongst other novel drug delivery systems. Most of the formulations designed using delivery systems consist of synthetic drugs and face issues such as drug resistance, which has already rendered drugs such as antibiotics ineffective. This is further exacerbated by toxicity due to long term use. Given these problems and the fact that conjugation of synthetic compounds to polymers has been relatively slow with no formulation on the market after a decade of extensive studies, the focus has shifted to using this platform with medicinal plant extracts to improve solubility, specificity and increase drug release of medicinal and herbal bioactives. In recent years, various plant extracts such as flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids have been studied extensively using this approach. The success of formulations developed using novel drug-delivery systems is highly dependent on the tumour microenvironment especially on the enhanced permeability and retention effect. As a result, the compromised lymphatic network and 'leaky' vasculature exhibited by tumour cells act as a guiding principle in the delivering of these formulations. This review focuses on the state of the polymer-drug conjugates and their exploration with natural compounds, the progress and difficulties thus far, and future directions concerning cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo P Mthimkhulu
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
| | - Karabo S Mosiane
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
| | - Ekene E Nweke
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
| | - Mohammed Balogun
- Biopolymer Modification and Therapeutics Lab, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001. South Africa
| | - Pascaline Fru
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
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Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Vermathen M. Probing the Interactions of Porphyrins with Macromolecules Using NMR Spectroscopy Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:1942. [PMID: 33808335 PMCID: PMC8037866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrinic compounds are widespread in nature and play key roles in biological processes such as oxygen transport in blood, enzymatic redox reactions or photosynthesis. In addition, both naturally derived as well as synthetic porphyrinic compounds are extensively explored for biomedical and technical applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photovoltaic systems, respectively. Their unique electronic structures and photophysical properties make this class of compounds so interesting for the multiple functions encountered. It is therefore not surprising that optical methods are typically the prevalent analytical tool applied in characterization and processes involving porphyrinic compounds. However, a wealth of complementary information can be obtained from NMR spectroscopic techniques. Based on the advantage of providing structural and dynamic information with atomic resolution simultaneously, NMR spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying molecular interactions between porphyrinic compounds and macromolecules. Such interactions are of special interest in medical applications of porphyrinic photosensitizers that are mostly combined with macromolecular carrier systems. The macromolecular surrounding typically stabilizes the encapsulated drug and may also modify its physical properties. Moreover, the interaction with macromolecular physiological components needs to be explored to understand and control mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on such non-covalent interactions of porphyrinic drugs with synthetic polymers as well as with biomolecules such as phospholipids or proteins. A brief introduction into various NMR spectroscopic techniques is given including chemical shift perturbation methods, NOE enhancement spectroscopy, relaxation time measurements and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. How these NMR tools are used to address porphyrin-macromolecule interactions with respect to their function in biomedical applications is the central point of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (I.G.); (J.F.)
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Paswan SK, Saini TR, Jahan S, Ganesh N. Designing and Formulation Optimization of Hyaluronic Acid Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles of Tamoxifen for Tumor Targeting. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 9:217-235. [PMID: 33745427 DOI: 10.2174/2211738509666210310155807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. However, it is associated with severe side effects of cancerous proliferation on the uterus endometrium. The tumor-targeting formulation strategies can effectively overcome drug side effects of tamoxifen and provide safer drug treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to design tumor-targeted PLGA nanoparticles of tamoxifen by attaching hyaluronic acid (HA) as a ligand to actively target the CD44 receptors present at breast cancer cells surface. METHODS PLGA-PEG-HA conjugate was synthesized in the laboratory, and its tamoxifen-loaded nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, and XRD analysis. Formulation optimization was done by Box-Behnken design using Design-Expert software. The formulations were evaluated for in vitro drug release and cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell lines. RESULTS The particle size, PDI, and drug encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticles were 294.8, 0.626, and 65.16%, respectively. Optimized formulation showed 9.56% burst release and sustained drug release for 8h. The drug release was affected by non-Fickian diffusion process and supplemented further by the erosion of polymeric matrix which followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. MTT cell line assay showed 47.48% cell mortality when treated with tamoxifen-loaded PLGA- PEG-HA nanoparticles. CONCLUSION Hyaluronic acid conjugated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles of tamoxifen were designed for active targeting to cancerous breast cells. The results of the MTT assay showed that tamoxifen nanoparticles formulation was more cytotoxic than tamoxifen drug alone, which is attributed to their preferential uptake by cell lines by the affinity of CD44 receptors of cell lines to HA ligand present in nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Paswan
- Industrial Pharmacy Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore (M.P.), India
| | - Tulsi R Saini
- Industrial Pharmacy Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore (M.P.), India
| | - Sarwar Jahan
- Department of Research, Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (JNCHRC), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Narayanan Ganesh
- Department of Research, Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (JNCHRC), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Krishna, Parshad B, Achazi K, Böttcher C, Haag R, Sharma SK. Newer Non-ionic A 2 B 2 -Type Enzyme-Responsive Amphiphiles for Drug Delivery. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1457-1466. [PMID: 33559331 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of nonionic gemini amphiphiles have been synthesized in a multi-step chemoenzymatic approach by using a novel A2 B2 -type central core consisting of conjugating glycerol and propargyl bromide on 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid. A pair of hydrophilic monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and hydrophobic linear alkyl chains (C12 /C15 ) were then added to the core to obtain amphiphilic architectures. The aggregation tendency in aqueous media was studied by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The nanotransport potential of the amphiphiles was studied for model hydrophobic guests, that is, the dye Nile Red and the drug Nimodipine by using UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Evaluation of the viability of amphiphile-treated A549 cells showed them to be well tolerated up to the concentrations studied. Being ester based, these amphiphiles exhibit stimuli-responsive sensitivity towards esterases, and a rupture of amphiphilic architecture was observed in the presence of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435), thus facilitating release of the encapsulated guest from the aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Gao Y, Sun Y, Liao G, Zhang H, Long Q. DSPE-PEG polymers for improving pulmonary absorption of poorly absorbed macromolecules in rats and relative mechanism. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:337-346. [PMID: 33502913 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1879837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the potential of DSPE-PEG polymers (DSPE-PEG-OH and DSPE-PEG-SH) on improving absorption of poorly absorbable macromolecules via intrapulmonary administration and underlying mechanism. METHODS In situ pulmonary absorption experiments were performed to investigate the absorption of model compounds after intrapulmonary administration to rats. The local membrane damage induced by these DSPE-PEG polymers were evaluated based on morphological observation of lung tissues and measurement of biological toxic markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) postintrapulmonary delivery of DSPE-PEG polymers to rats. The underlying enhancement mechanism of these polymers was explored by investigating their effects on the pulmonary membrane fluidity and gene expression of tight junction associated proteins with fluorescence polarization and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Intrapulmonary delivery of these DSPE-PEG polymers significantly enhanced absorptions of poorly absorbed model drugs and did not induce serious damage to the pulmonary membranes of rats. Mechanistic studies demonstrated unaffected pulmonary membrane fluidity and up-regulated expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins by DSPE-PEG polymers, thus indicating that paracellular pathways might be included in the underlying mechanisms by which DSPE-PEG polymers exerted their enhancing actions on drug absorption. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that these DSPE-PEG polymers are potential for promoting absorptions of poorly absorbable macromolecules with no evidence of damage to the local pulmonary membranes of rats.Novelty statementIn this study, DSPE-PEG-OH and DSPE-PEG-SH polymers, two DSPE-PEG2000 conjugates with different terminal groups demonstrated significant promoting effects on the absorption of poorly absorbed macromolecular drugs after intrapulmonary delivery to rats, and did not induce serious damage to the pulmonary membranes of rats. These DSPE-PEG polymers could statistically downregulate expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), indicating the underlying mechanism by which these polymers exerted their absorption enhancing actions through pulmonary epithelial paracellular pathways. Thus, this study exhibited prospective potential of these DSPE-PEG polymers in developing into dosage forms with the aim to improve the poor bioavailability of some poorly absorbed macromolecular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangli Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingzhi Long
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Luo Y, Hong Y, Shen L, Wu F, Lin X. Multifunctional Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:34. [PMID: 33404984 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a non-ionic polymer, has been employed in multifarious fields such as paper, fibers and textiles, ceramics, and pharmaceutics due to its superior properties. Especially in pharmacy, the properties of inertness, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility make it a versatile excipient for both conventional formulations and novel controlled or targeted delivery systems, serving as a binder, coating agent, suspending agent, pore-former, solubilizer, stabilizer, etc. PVP with different molecular weights (MWs) and concentrations is used in a variety of formulations for different purposes. In this review, PVP-related researches mainly in recent 10 years were collected, and its main pharmaceutical applications were summarized as follows: (i) improving the bioavailability and stability of drugs, (ii) improving the physicomechanical properties of preparations, (iii) adjusting the release rate of drugs, and (iv) prolonging the in vivo circulation time of liposomes. Most of these applications could be explained by the viscosity, solubility, hydrophilicity, and hydrogen bond-forming ability of PVP, and the specific action mechanisms for each application were also tried to figure out. The effect of PVP on bioavailability improvement establishes it as a promising polymer in the emerging controlled or targeted formulations, attracting growing interest on it. Therefore, given its irreplaceability and tremendous opportunities for future developments, this review aims to provide an informative reference about current roles of PVP in pharmacy for interested readers.
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Lynch I, Afantitis A, Exner T, Himly M, Lobaskin V, Doganis P, Maier D, Sanabria N, Papadiamantis AG, Rybinska-Fryca A, Gromelski M, Puzyn T, Willighagen E, Johnston BD, Gulumian M, Matzke M, Green Etxabe A, Bossa N, Serra A, Liampa I, Harper S, Tämm K, Jensen ACØ, Kohonen P, Slater L, Tsoumanis A, Greco D, Winkler DA, Sarimveis H, Melagraki G. Can an InChI for Nano Address the Need for a Simplified Representation of Complex Nanomaterials across Experimental and Nanoinformatics Studies? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2493. [PMID: 33322568 PMCID: PMC7764592 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemoinformatics has developed efficient ways of representing chemical structures for small molecules as simple text strings, simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) and the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI), which are machine-readable. In particular, InChIs have been extended to encode formalized representations of mixtures and reactions, and work is ongoing to represent polymers and other macromolecules in this way. The next frontier is encoding the multi-component structures of nanomaterials (NMs) in a machine-readable format to enable linking of datasets for nanoinformatics and regulatory applications. A workshop organized by the H2020 research infrastructure NanoCommons and the nanoinformatics project NanoSolveIT analyzed issues involved in developing an InChI for NMs (NInChI). The layers needed to capture NM structures include but are not limited to: core composition (possibly multi-layered); surface topography; surface coatings or functionalization; doping with other chemicals; and representation of impurities. NM distributions (size, shape, composition, surface properties, etc.), types of chemical linkages connecting surface functionalization and coating molecules to the core, and various crystallographic forms exhibited by NMs also need to be considered. Six case studies were conducted to elucidate requirements for unambiguous description of NMs. The suggested NInChI layers are intended to stimulate further analysis that will lead to the first version of a "nano" extension to the InChI standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Thomas Exner
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Martin Himly
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Philip Doganis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Maier
- Biomax Informatics AG, Robert-Koch-Str. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
| | - Natasha Sanabria
- National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Anastasios G. Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Rybinska-Fryca
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics—BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Blair D. Johnston
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; (N.S.); (M.G.)
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Marianne Matzke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, UK; (M.M.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, UK; (M.M.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Nathan Bossa
- LEITAT Technological Center, Circular Economy Business Unit, C/de La Innovació 2, 08225 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Irene Liampa
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Stacey Harper
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall 105 SW 26th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Alexander CØ Jensen
- The National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Misvik Biology OY, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Luke Slater
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Andreas Tsoumanis
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - David A. Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora 3086, Australia;
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- CSIRO Data61, Pullenvale 4069, Australia
| | - Haralambos Sarimveis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
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Parray ZA, Ahmad F, Hassan MI, Islam A. Conformational changes in cytochrome c directed by ethylene glycol accompanying complex formation: Protein-solvent preferential interaction or/and kosmotropic effect. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118788. [PMID: 32810818 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When proteins interact with solvent or co-solutes with a high specificity and affinity, protein-ligand complexes may be formed. Such phenomenon may involve the processes like intra- and intermolecular interactions, which result in interaction based protein folding. In this study, cytochrome c (cyt c) was treated with different concentrations of ethylene glycol (EG) in crowded and confined media to check its structural stability using various spectroscopic techniques at pH 7.0 and 25 °C. The various spectroscopic techniques including circular dichroism (Soret, far- and near-UV regions), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), absorption (UV and visible) and Trp fluorescence shows both secondary and tertiary structure of cyt c increases when treated with EG. The investigations using dynamic light scattering (DLS), time resolved fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for binding studies shows weak interaction between EG and cyt c. Small increase in the structure of the protein and insignificant decrease in hydrodynamic radii of the protein was observed from the studies. Molecular docking studies showed that EG has binding site on the protein and interact with few amino acid residues by weak interactions such as van der Waals and hydrogen bonding. This study helps in understanding the protein-ligand interactions, provides facts and the mechanisms that mediates the recognition of binding site for specific ligand to the receptor protein, which make possible of the discovery, design, and development of drugs at molecular level without affecting proteins within an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad Parray
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Kumar S, Singh D, Kumari P, Malik RS, Poonam, Parang K, Tiwari RK. PEGylation and Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Glimpse into the Past and Prospects in the Future. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:337-348. [PMID: 31994461 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200128142603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several drug molecules have shown low bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile due to metabolism by enzymes, excretion by the renal system, or due to other physiochemical properties of drug molecules. These problems have resulted in the loss of efficacy and the gain of side effects associated with drug molecules. PEGylation is one of the strategies to overcome these pharmacokinetic issues and has been successful in the clinic. Cell-penetrating Peptides (CPPs) help to deliver molecules across biological membranes and could be used to deliver cargo selectively to the intracellular site or to the drug target. Hence CPPs could be used to improve the efficacy and selectivity of the drug. However, due to the peptidic nature of CPPs, they have a low pharmacokinetic profile. Using PEGylation and CPPs together as a component of a drug delivery system, the and efficacy of drug molecules could be improved. The other important pharmacokinetic properties such as short half-life, solubility, stability, absorption, metabolism, and elimination could be also improved. Here in this review, we summarized PEGylated CPPs or PEGylation based formulations for CPPs used in a drug delivery system for several biomedical applications until August 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohta 124001, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Rajender Singh Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
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Shi S, Yao C, Cen J, Li L, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. High-Fidelity End-Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18172-18178. [PMID: 32643249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Commercial PEG-amine is of unreliable quality, and conventional PEG functionalization relies on esterification and etherification steps, suffering from incomplete conversion, harsh reaction conditions, and functional-group incompatibility. To solve these challenges, we propose an efficient strategy for PEG functionalization with carbamate linkages. By fine-tuning terminal amine basicity, stable and high-fidelity PEG-amine with carbamate linkage was obtained, as seen from the clean MALDI-TOF MS pattern. The carbamate strategy was further applied to the synthesis of high-fidelity multi-functionalized PEG with varying reactive groups. Compared to with an ester linkage, amphiphilic PEG-PS block copolymers bearing carbamate junction linkage exhibits preferential self-assembly tendency into vesicles. Moreover, nanoparticles of the latter demonstrate higher drug loading efficiency, encapsulation stability against enzymatic hydrolysis, and improved in vivo retention at the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
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41
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Tas A, Keklikcioglu Cakmak N. Synthesis of PEGylated nanographene oxide as a nanocarrier for docetaxel drugs and anticancer activity on prostate cancer cell lines. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:172-182. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327120950008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has recently been considered one of the most promising carbon derivatives in nanotechnology. It has many excellent features such as tumor targeting ability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Therefore, we conjugated docetaxel (DTX) to GO-PEG molecule and investigate its anticancer efficacy in prostate cancer cell line (DU-145). In order to obtain GO-PEG-DTX molecules, we conjugated the DTX via bonds to PEG chains pegylated to the GO surface. We also investigated the stability of GO-PEG-DTX in different biological fluids such as cell mediums, PBS and water in vitro conditions. GO-PEG-DTX has the highest zeta potential in water. In the current research SEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR analyses and zeta potential were utilized for the characterization of nano-sized GO-PEG-DTX. Anticancer efficacy of GO-PEG-DTX were then investigated in DU-145 prostate cancer cell line using MTT metod. The prostate cancer cells were treated by different concentrations of GO-PEG-DTX, GO-PEG, GO, and DTX (1–100 µg/ml) during 24, 48 and 72 h. The spectrophotometric analyzed values at 570 nm were recorded and analysed with Graphpad Prism7. IC50 growth inhibition values was determined. The data showed that the GO-PEG-DTX had a highly effective anticancer activity on prostate cancer cell lines after 24, 48 and 72 hours compared to other molecules. GO-PEG-DTX was found statistically significant in the DU-145 cell line (***p < 0.0001, **p < 0.001, and *p < 0.01). As a result, it can be said that PEGylated GO is an excellent nanocarrier system for the high anticancer activity of DTX. Loading of anticancer drugs using this type of graphene-based nano carrier and delivery to targeted tissues may find potential application in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Tas
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nese Keklikcioglu Cakmak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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42
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Radadiya A, Zhu W, Coricello A, Alcaro S, Richards NGJ. Improving the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3193-3200. [PMID: 32786406 PMCID: PMC7497903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) was first used as a component of combination drug therapies to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, almost 50 years ago. Administering this enzyme to reduce asparagine levels in the blood is a cornerstone of modern clinical protocols for ALL; indeed, this remains the only successful example of a therapy targeted against a specific metabolic weakness in any form of cancer. Three problems, however, constrain the clinical use of l-asparaginase. First, a type II bacterial variant of l-asparaginase is administered to patients, the majority of whom are children, which produces an immune response thereby limiting the time over which the enzyme can be tolerated. Second, l-asparaginase is subject to proteolytic degradation in the blood. Third, toxic side effects are observed, which may be correlated with the l-glutaminase activity of the enzyme. This Perspective will outline how asparagine depletion negatively impacts the growth of leukemic blasts, discuss the structure and mechanism of l-asparaginase, and briefly describe the clinical use of chemically modified forms of clinically useful l-asparaginases, such as Asparlas, which was recently given FDA approval for use in children (babies to young adults) as part of multidrug treatments for ALL. Finally, we review ongoing efforts to engineer l-asparaginase variants with improved therapeutic properties and briefly detail emerging, alternate strategies for the treatment of forms of ALL that are resistant to asparagine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Radadiya
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adriana Coricello
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nigel G J Richards
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.,Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 13079 Progress Boulevard, Alachua, Florida 32615, United States
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43
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Shi S, Yao C, Cen J, Li L, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. High‐Fidelity End‐Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
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Moskvin M, Marková I, Malínská H, Miklánková D, Hüttl M, Oliyarnyk O, Pop-Georgievski O, Zhigunov A, Petrovský E, Horák D. Cerium Oxide-Decorated γ-Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles: Design, Synthesis and in vivo Effects on Parameters of Oxidative Stress. Front Chem 2020; 8:682. [PMID: 32850680 PMCID: PMC7417791 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic γ-Fe2O3/CeOx nanoparticles were obtained by basic coprecipitation/oxidation of iron chlorides with hydrogen peroxide, followed by precipitation of Ce(NO3)3 with ammonia. The appearance of CeOx on the magnetic particle surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis; a magnetometer was used to measure the magnetic properties of γ-Fe2O3/CeOx. The relatively high saturation magnetization of the particles (41.1 A·m2/kg) enabled magnetic separation. The surface of γ-Fe2O3/CeOx particles was functionalized with PEG-neridronate of two different molecular weights to ensure colloidal stability and biocompatibility. The ability of the particles to affect oxidative stress in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats was tested by biological assay of the liver, kidney cortex, and brain tissues. An improvement was observed in both enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and non-enzymatic (reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione) levels of antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation parameters [4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The results corresponded with chemical determination of antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, proving that in the animal model γ-Fe2O3/CeOx@PEG2,000 nanoparticles effectively scavenged radicals due to the presence of cerium oxide, in turn decreasing oxidative stress. These particles may therefore have the potential to reduce disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Moskvin
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eduard Petrovský
- Institute of Geophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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45
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Parray Z, Ahmad F, Hassan MI, Hasan I, Islam A. Effects of Ethylene Glycol on the Structure and Stability of Myoglobin Using Spectroscopic, Interaction, and In Silico Approaches: Monomer Is Different from Those of Its Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13840-13850. [PMID: 32566850 PMCID: PMC7301589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of changes in thermal stabilities and structures of proteins in the presence of different co-solutes (ligands) is an integral part in the basic research, discovery, and development of drugs. Ethylene glycol (EG) is known to be toxic and causes teratogenic, inducing primarily skeletal and external malformations and other diseases. The effect of EG on the structure and thermal stability of myoglobin (Mb) was studied using various spectroscopic techniques at pH 7.0 and two different temperatures. As revealed by circular dichroism, Trp fluorescence, nano-DSF, and absorption (UV and visible) measurements, EG (i) has no significant effect on secondary and tertiary structures of Mb at 25 °C, and (ii) it decreases the thermal stability of the protein, which increases with increasing concentration of EG. As revealed by ANS (8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid) fluorescence measurements, heat-induced denatured protein has newly exposed hydrophobic patches that bind to ANS. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that the interaction between EG and Mb is temperature dependent; the preferential interaction of EG is entropy driven at low temperature, 298 K (25 °C), and it is enthalpy driven at higher temperature, 343 K (70 °C). Molecular docking study showed that EG interacts with side chains of amino acid residues of Mb through van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor
Ahmad Parray
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ikramul Hasan
- Department
of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 110025, KSA
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Khoiroh I, Lee SY, Pirdashti M, Lee MJ. Insight into structural properties of polyethylene glycol monolaurate in water and alcohols from molecular dynamics studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21760-21771. [PMID: 35516635 PMCID: PMC9054503 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09688d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explored the structural properties of polyethylene glycol monolaurate (PEGML) in water and in various aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol, and 1-pentanol). The PEGML and the alcohols were simulated using the optimized potentials for liquid simulations, all-atom (OPLS-AA) force field and water using the extended simple point charge (SPC/E) model. From the isothermal-isobaric (NPT, constant number of particles, constant pressure, and constant temperature) ensemble, we extracted the densities from the simulations and compared them with those from experimental results in order to confirm the validity of the selected force fields. The densities from MD simulations are in good agreement with the experimental values. To gain more insight into the nature of interactions between the PEGML and the solvent molecules, we analyzed the hydrogen-bonds, the electrostatic (Coulomb) interactions, and the van der Waals (Lennard-Jones) interaction energies extracted from MD simulations. The results were further strengthened by computing the solvation free energy by employing the free energy perturbation (FEP) approach. In this method, the free energy difference was computed by using the Bennet Acceptance Ratio (BAR) method. Moreover, the radial distribution functions were analyzed in order to gain more understanding of the solution behavior at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianatul Khoiroh
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia +60-3-8924-8017 +60-3-8924-8361
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long Campus Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohsen Pirdashti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shomal University PO Box 731 Amol Iran
| | - Ming-Jer Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Keelung Road, Section 4 Taipei 106-07 Taiwan
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Ghosh R, Dey J. pH-Responsive Vesicle Formation by PEGylated Cholesterol Derivatives: Physicochemical Characterization, Stability, Encapsulation, and Release Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5829-5838. [PMID: 32388987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated vesicles are known to serve as blood-persistent drug-delivery systems (DDSs) with potential applications in intravenous drug administration. pH-responsive PEGylated vesicles are also among the most promising stimuli-responsive carriers for drug delivery and controlled release for cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we report design and synthesis of two novel pH-responsive amphiphiles by coupling a cholesterol (Chol) and poly(ethylene glycol) chain with l-cysteine amino acid through hydrolysable linkages. The objective of this work is to physicochemically characterize the nanoaggregates of the amphiphiles under different experimental conditions. We have demonstrated spontaneous vesicle formation by the amphiphiles in water using various spectroscopic, calorimetric, and microscopic techniques. The size of vesicles was observed to increase on reduction of solution pH and increase in amphiphile concentration. The vesicles were found to be sufficiently stable under physiological conditions and were shown to be able to encapsulate not only hydrophilic dyes in their aqueous core but also hydrophobic guest molecules in the bilayer membrane constituted by the Chol units. These nanosized vesicles exhibit pH-triggered release of encapsulated dye molecules in acidic pH. Thus, these spontaneously formed stable vesicles might hold potential as biocompatible DDSs in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Joykrishna Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Akpotu SO, Lawal IA, Moodley B, Ofomaja AE. Covalently linked graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide-methoxylether polyethylene glycol functionalised silica for scavenging of estrogen: Adsorption performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125729. [PMID: 31901661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by pharmaceuticals is a global issue and its remediation is important. To overcome this, we synthesised super hydrophobic nanoporous 3-dimensional ordered nanomaterials with multi-functional binding chemistry for highly efficient adsorption of estrogen (17β-estradiol). Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesised via Tours method and methoxylether polyethylene glycol (mPEG) was covalently introduced onto GO surface via facile amidation mild process to give GO-mPEG. GO-mPEG was anchored on nanoporous SBA-15 and homogenously reduced in-situ to SBA-rGO-mPEG. XRD analysis confirmed successful synthesis of SBA-15 and cross-linked GO/rGO-mPEG on SBA-15 surface. Image analysis revealed the architecture of SBA-15 as porous 3-dimensional silica network and presence of interwoven/crosslinked thin-films of GO-mPEG on SBA-15 surface. EDX mapping/elemental analysis showed expected elements were present. FTIR and textural analysis revealed the presence of different functional groups and high surface area as well as porosity, respectively. Optimal molar ratio experiments showed that 0.5SBA-rGO-mPEG had the highest sorption capacity. The relatively large surface area, 3-dimensional nanoprous silica structure and excess of polyamide/amido-carbonic functional groups on nanocomposites were suited for adsorption of 17β-estradiol. Equilibrium time was 30 min and effect of pH on adsorption was negligible. Sorption kinetic process of SBA-rGO-mPEG suited the pseudo-second-order model and equilibrium data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir models. Qm values of 57.1, 78.5, 102.6 and 192.3 mg/g was recorded for SBA-GO, 0.1SBA-rGO-mPEG, 0.25SBA-rGO-mPEG and 0.5SBA-rGO-mPEG, respectively. H-bond, hydrophobic and π-π interactions were the sorption mechanism of SBA-rGO-mPEG after detailed analysis of data. Adsorbents was regenerated/re-used after 4 cycles with high remediation from environmental/real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson O Akpotu
- Wastewater Treatment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa.
| | - Isiaka A Lawal
- Wastewater Treatment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
| | - Brenda Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Augustine E Ofomaja
- Wastewater Treatment Research Laboratory, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
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Synergistic Antifungal Study of PEGylated Graphene Oxides and Copper Nanoparticles against Candida albicans. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050819. [PMID: 32344901 PMCID: PMC7281513 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coupling reactions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with two different nano-carbonaceous materials, graphene oxide (GO) and expanded graphene oxide (EGO), were achieved by amide bond formations. These reactions yielded PEGylated graphene oxides, GO-PEG and EGO-PEG. Whilst presence of the newly formed amide links (NH-CO) were confirmed by FTIR stretches observed at 1732 cm−1 and 1712 cm−1, the associated Raman D- and G-bands resonated at 1311/1318 cm−1 and 1584/1595 cm−1 had shown the carbonaceous structures in both PEGylated products remain unchanged. Whilst SEM images revealed the nano-sheet structures in all the GO derivatives (GO/EGO and GO-PEG/EGO-PEG), TEM images clearly showed the nano-structures of both GO-PEG and EGO-PEG had undergone significant morphological changes from their starting materials after the PEGylated processes. The successful PEGylations were also indicated by the change of pH values measured in the starting GO/EGO (pH 2.6–3.3) and the PEGylated GO-PEG/EGO-PEG (pH 6.6–6.9) products. Initial antifungal activities of selective metallic nanomaterials (ZnO and Cu) and the four GO derivatives were screened against Candida albicans using the in vitro cut-well method. Whilst the haemocytometer count indicated GO-PEG and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) exhibited the best antifungal effects, the corresponding SEM images showed C. albicans had, respectively, undergone extensive shrinkage and porosity deformations. Synergistic antifungal effects all GO derivatives in various ratio of CuNPs combinations were determined by assessing C. albicans viabilities using broth dilution assays. The best synergistic effects were observed when a 30:70 ratio of GO/GO-PEG combined with CuNPs, where MIC50 185–225 μm/mL were recorded. Moreover, the decreased antifungal activities observed in EGO and EGO-PEG may be explained by their poor colloidal stability with increasing nanoparticle concentrations.
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50
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The effect of chitosan and PEG polymers on stabilization of GF-17 structure: A molecular dynamics study. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116124. [PMID: 32241401 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We examine the interactions of chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with antimicrobial peptide GF-17 to identify a suitable carrier to improve the peptide drug delivery systems. To this end, the molecular dynamics simulations are used to determine the interactions of a typical antimicrobial peptide GF-17 with the chitosan and PEG polymers. The findings indicate the great potential of the peptide to maintain its secondary structure in the adjacent to chitosan polymers. During the interaction with chitosan polymers, the structure of the peptide has smaller fluctuations compared to the PEG polymers. Also, in the presence of both the polymers, the PEG polymers are situated closer to the peptide than chitosan polymers. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the acidic residues and phenylalanine play a crucial role in peptide-polymer interactions. This research provides a valuable insight into the design of polymer surfaces for drug delivery applications such as controlled-release peptide delivery systems.
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