1
|
Monette A, Mouland AJ. T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 342:175-263. [PMID: 30635091 PMCID: PMC7104940 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous epidemiological surveillance of existing and emerging viruses and their associated disorders is gaining importance in light of their abilities to cause unpredictable outbreaks as a result of increased travel and vaccination choices by steadily growing and aging populations. Close surveillance of outbreaks and herd immunity are also at the forefront, even in industrialized countries, where previously eradicated viruses are now at risk of re-emergence due to instances of strain recombination, contractions in viral vector geographies, and from their potential use as agents of bioterrorism. There is a great need for the rational design of current and future vaccines targeting viruses, with a strong focus on vaccine targeting of adaptive immune effector memory T cells as the gold standard of immunity conferring long-lived protection against a wide variety of pathogens and malignancies. Here, we review viruses that have historically caused large outbreaks and severe lethal disorders, including respiratory, gastric, skin, hepatic, neurologic, and hemorrhagic fevers. To observe trends in vaccinology against these viral disorders, we describe viral genetic, replication, transmission, and tropism, host-immune evasion strategies, and the epidemiology and health risks of their associated syndromes. We focus on immunity generated against both natural infection and vaccination, where a steady shift in conferred vaccination immunogenicity is observed from quantifying activated and proliferating, long-lived effector memory T cell subsets, as the prominent biomarkers of long-term immunity against viruses and their associated disorders causing high morbidity and mortality rates.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Rubella remains an important pathogen worldwide, with roughly 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome estimated to occur every year. Rubella-containing vaccine is highly effective and safe and, as a result, endemic rubella transmission has been interrupted in the Americas since 2009. Incomplete rubella vaccination programmes result in continued disease transmission, as evidenced by recent large outbreaks in Japan and elsewhere. In this Seminar, we provide present results regarding rubella control, elimination, and eradication policies, and a brief review of new laboratory diagnostics. Additionally, we provide novel information about rubella-containing vaccine immunogenetics and review the emerging evidence of interindividual variability in humoral and cell-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses to rubella-containing vaccine and their association with haplotypes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the human genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Strebel
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Joseph Icenogle
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ovsyannikova IG, Vierkant RA, Pankratz VS, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Extended LTA, TNF, LST1 and HLA gene haplotypes and their association with rubella vaccine-induced immunity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11806. [PMID: 20668555 PMCID: PMC2910726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested the importance of HLA genes in determining immune responses following rubella vaccine. The telomeric class III region of the HLA complex harbors several genes, including lymphotoxin alpha (LTA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leukocyte specific transcript -1 (LST1) genes, located between the class I B and class II DRB1 loci. Apart from HLA, little is known about the effect of this extended genetic region on HLA haplotypic backgrounds as applied to immune responses. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined the association between immune responses and extended class I-class II-class III haplotypes among 714 healthy children after two doses of rubella vaccination. These extended haplotypes were then compared to the HLA-only haplotypes. The most significant association was observed between haplotypes extending across the HLA class I region, ten-SNP haplotypes, and the HLA class II region (i.e. A-C-B-LTA-TNF-LST1-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1-DPA1-DPB1) and rubella-specific antibodies (global p-value of 0.03). Associations were found between both extended A*02-C*03-B*15-AAAACGGGGC-DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03-DPA1*01-DPB1*04 (p = 0.002) and HLA-only A*02-C*03-B*15-DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03-DPA1*01-DPB1*04 haplotypes (p = 0.009) and higher levels of rubella antibodies. The class II HLA-only haplotype DRB1*13-DQA1*01-DQB1*06-DPA1*01-DPB1*04 (p = 0.04) lacking LTA-TNF-LST1 SNPs was associated with lower rubella antibody responses. Similarly, the class I-class II HLA-only A*01-C*07-B*08-DRB1*03-DQA1*05-DQB1*02-DPA1*01-DPB1*04 haplotype was associated with increased TNF-α secretion levels (p = 0.009). In contrast, the extended AAAACGGGGC-DRB1*01-DQA1*01-DQB1*05-DPA1*01-DPB1*04 (p = 0.01) haplotype was found to trend with decreased rubella-specific IL-6 secretion levels. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest the importance of examining both HLA genes and genes in the class III region as part of the extended haplotypes useful in understanding genomic drivers regulating immune responses to rubella vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAP); (IGO)
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - V. Shane Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Jacobson
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAP); (IGO)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ovsyannikova IG, Vierkant RA, Pankratz VS, O'Byrne MM, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. HLA haplotype and supertype associations with cellular immune responses and cytokine production in healthy children after rubella vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 27:3349-58. [PMID: 19200828 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secreted rubella virus-specific cytokines reflect the immunologic mechanisms underlying adoptive immune responses and are significant markers of immunity to rubella. We studied the association between measures of cellular (cytokine and frequency of cytokine-secreted cells) immune responses and HLA haplotypes (with frequencies of > or =1%) and supertypes among 738 healthy children following two doses of rubella vaccine. Haplotype effects were estimated while accounting for linkage phase ambiguity via an expectation maximization algorithm. Importantly, the majority of HLA class I and class II haplotype associations with different cytokines were consistent between Th1, Th2 and/or innate/proinflammatory cytokine groups. We found few class I supertypes (A1, A2, A3, and B7) with potential associations with IL-10 ELISPOT counts and rubella-specific IL-2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 cytokine secretion levels. Our data indicate that the presence or absence of certain HLA haplotypes and/or supertypes may influence the cytokine immune response to rubella vaccine, and represents a more advanced analysis compared to individual candidate gene association studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ou D, Metzger DL, Wang X, Pozzilli P, Tingle AJ. beta-cell antigen-specific CD56(+) NKT cells from type 1 diabetic patients: autoaggressive effector T cells damage human CD56(+) beta cells by HLA-restricted and non-HLA-restricted pathways. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:256-70. [PMID: 12039407 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of type 1 diabetes indicate that autoaggressive T cells specific to beta-cell antigens, reaching certain threshold levels, may play critical roles in the development of the disease. Flow cytometric analyses found that autoreactive T-cell lines from patients induced by beta-cell antigens consisted of four major subsets (CD4(+)CD56(-), CD4(+)CD56(+), CD8(+)CD56(-), and CD8(+)CD56(+)) and that CD56(+) NKT cells might be derived from CD56(-) T cells. Moreover, the proportion of CD56(+) NKT cells in the T-cell lines was influenced by time course of repeated antigen stimulation. beta-cell antigen-specific CD56(+) NKT (CD4(+) or CD8(+)) cells were more aggressive (HLA-restricted and -unrestricted) effector cells lysing target cells such as K562, Jurkat, P815 plus anti-CD3 antibody, and autologous B cells sensitized by beta-cell peptides, when compared with their CD56(-) counterparts. beta-cell antigen- specific CD4(+)CD56(+) NKT cells showed non-HLA-restricted cytotoxicity to human beta cells, insulinoma cell line CM, and to islet cell lines TRM-6 and HP62 expressing CD56 but not to four CD56(-) pancreatic cell lines of non- islet origin. The CD4(+)CD56(+) NKT cells showed stronger cytotoxicity to CM, TRM-6 and HP62 cells than did CD4(+)CD56(-) T cells. Moreover, isotope-unlabelled CD56(+) cells and anti-CD56 antibodies were able to inhibit cytotoxicity of CD4(+)CD56(+) NKT to CD56(+) target cells. These results suggest that CD56(+) NKT cells are aggressive cytotoxic cells to beta cells and that CD56 expression might be associated with the aggressiveness of effector T cells and the susceptibility of target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sønderstrup G, Cope AP, Patel S, Congia M, Hain N, Hall FC, Parry SL, Fugger LH, Michie S, McDevitt HO. HLA class II transgenic mice: models of the human CD4+ T-cell immune response. Immunol Rev 1999; 172:335-43. [PMID: 10631958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the field of current HLA class II transgenic mouse models and the individual approaches applied in production of these mice. The majority of these mice have been created with the objective of obtaining a disease model with clinical features mimicking human autoimmune disease. The development process of a different type of HLA class II transgenic mice, which are designed to function as a substitute for a normal human immune system in studies of human autoantigens, is described. Several HLA-DR4 transgenic lines with normally expressed HLA-DR4 molecules have been produced. To obtain adequate positive selection of the HLA-DR4-restricted CD4+ T-cell repertoire in these mice it is essential both to introduce a human CD4 transgene, and to delete the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. These HLA-DR4 transgenic mice have been used to determine the immunogenic CD4+ T-cell epitopes of several human autoantigenic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sønderstrup
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5124, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ou D, Jonsen LA, Metzger DL, Tingle AJ. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones from congenital rubella syndrome patients with IDDM recognize overlapping GAD65 protein epitopes. Implications for HLA class I and II allelic linkage to disease susceptibility. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:652-64. [PMID: 10439311 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To fully characterize human glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65 protein T-cell epitopes associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), CTL clones specific to GAD65 protein antigens were isolated from two congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)-associated IDDM patients. Overlapping nonamer T-cell epitopes recognized by both CD4+ or CD8+ CTL clones within peptides GAD65(252-266) and GAD65(274-286) were identified as sequences bounded by GAD65(255-266) with 6/9 overlapping residues, and GAD65(276-285) with 8/9 overlapping residues, respectively, using two panels of overlapping peptide analogs in cytotoxicity assays. HLA restrictive elements of the T-cell clones were also identified using a panel of B cell lines with different HLA phenotypes as targets in cytotoxicity assays. The antigenic GAD65 peptides elicited cytotoxic responses of peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell clones in the context of HLA DRB1*0404. The CD8+ T-cell clone specific to GAD65(255-263) was found to be restricted by HLA A3 and A11. Similarly, the CD8+ T-cell clone specific to GAD65(277-285) killed peptide-sensitized target cells expressing HLA B35 and B15. The observed HLA restriction of these overlapping epitopes implies that a tandem of [DRB1*0404-A11(3)] and/or a tandem of [DRB1*0404-B35(15)] might predispose CRS patients to development of IDDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ou
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitchell LA, Tingle AJ, Décarie D, Shukin R. Identification of rubella virus T-cell epitopes recognized in anamnestic response to RA27/3 vaccine: associations with boost in neutralizing antibody titer. Vaccine 1999; 17:2356-65. [PMID: 10392617 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rubella virus (RV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and antibodies were measured in healthy adolescents reimmunized with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Lymphocyte proliferation to RV synthetic peptides was determined before and at 2, 4 and 10 weeks after, MMR. After MMR, increased CMI was observed with 16 peptides, including six containing antibody neutralization (NT) domains. Positive CMI (stimulation index > or =2.0) to E1(254-285) and C(1-29) before vaccination was significantly associated with a boost in NT titers, while positive CMI at weeks 2 or 4 to E1(254-285), E1(301-314), E1(389-408), E1(462-481), E2(134-150), E2(140-156), E2(168-179), C(1-29) and C(88-111) showed the same association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ou D, Mitchell LA, Décarie D, Tingle AJ, Lacroix M, Zrein M. Point mutation of a rubella virus E1 protein T-cell epitope by substitution of single amino acid reversed the restrictive HLA-DR polymorphism: a possible mechanism maintaining HLA polymorphism. Viral Immunol 1998; 11:93-102. [PMID: 9765031 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1998.11.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of single amino acid substitutions within a rubella E1 protein T-cell epitope, E1(273-284) on T-cell recognition was studied. Substitutions of an uncharged amino acid A for an E or for a T and substitution of a T for S were found to not significantly reduce the T-cell responses. However, substitution of a charged residue such as E for hydrophobic residues (I, V, or W); D for Q; or a relatively larger size amino acid for polar residues completely abolished the cytotoxicities mediated by E1(273-284)-specific T-cell clone. A set of single amino acid-substituted peptide analogs of E1(273-284) not eliciting cytotoxicity of the T-cell clone was used to test the influence of point mutation of the epitope on HLA DR restrictions. A panel of B-cell lines with different DR4 subtypes was used as targets in cytotoxicity assays to determine the restrictive HLA molecules. Results showed that modification of the T-cell epitope by point mutation could reverse the HLA DR restriction from one allele to other alleles. A model based on these results has been proposed to explain the mechanism balancing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism in outbred populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ou
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In this analysis, we introduce a new categorization of HLA DR alleles which are important members of HLA class II genes encoding cell surface glycoproteins that function to present antigenic peptides to T cells. We have grouped all HLA DR molecules into seven different functional categories on the basis of their ability to bind and present antigenic peptides to T cells and their association with susceptibility or resistance to disease. This novel categorization of DR alleles on the basis of function allows for the prediction of seven similar subregion structures (supertypes or supermotifs) within pocket 4 of HLA DR peptide binding groove as the molecular basis for grouping these alleles. The physicochemical characteristics of HLA DR supertype residues, charge in particular, may influence the selectivity for binding peptide, dominate promiscuous T-cell recognition of antigenic peptides, and affect HLA DR disease associations. To rationalize the functional categories of DR alleles, we have further combined the seven DR supertype patterns into three groups based on the charges of residues within the supertypes. Grouping HLA DR alleles into functional categories may assist in understanding the mechanistic basis of autoimmunity, resolving current paradoxes in HLA disease associations, and developing new immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ou
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ou D, Mitchell LA, Décarie D, Tingle AJ, Nepom GT. Promiscuous T-cell recognition of a rubella capsid protein epitope restricted by DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0901 molecules sharing an HLA DR supertype. Hum Immunol 1998; 59:149-57. [PMID: 9548074 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two T cell clones derived from different donors with HLA-DRB1*0403 or DRB1*0901 phenotype recognize a rubella capsid peptide, C(265-273) in the context of several different HLA-DR molecules in addition to DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0901. All DR molecules restricting the T-cell clones have in common residues, R or Q at position beta 70, R at position beta 71, and E at position beta 74 in pocket '4' of the DR peptide binding groove, suggesting that a DR subregion structure or supertype, "Q/RRE" underlies the promiscuous T-cell recognition of this peptide. Single amino acid substituted analogs of peptide C(263-275) at anchor position 4 for natural residue R were tested for their ability to induce clonal T-cell cytotoxic responses. The results indicated that a positively charged residue, R or K, was required for T-cell recognition, suggesting a possible mechanism of electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged residue E at position beta 74 of these DR molecules and the positively charged residue at anchor position 4 of the peptide in T-cell recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ou
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ou D, Mitchell LA, Décarie D, Gillam S, Tingle AJ. Characterization of an overlapping CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitope on rubella capsid protein. Virology 1997; 235:286-92. [PMID: 9281508 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic peptide corresponding to rubella virus capsid protein residues 263 to 275 which contains an epitope recognized by a cloned CD4+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) line was used to induce CD8+ T-cell lines specific to this peptide. A peptide-specific CD8+ CTL clone was derived and characterized. This peptide-specific CD8+ CTL clone exhibited cytotoxicity against target cells infected by a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing rubella virus capsid protein, but not by target cells infected by vaccinia recombinant virus expressing rubella virus E1 or E2 envelope proteins. Analysis of HLA class I restriction of the CD8+ CTL clone revealed that A11 and A3 were restrictive elements. Fine mapping with truncated and overlapping peptide analogs revealed a nonamer sequence, C(264-272), as the T-cell epitope eliciting stronger cytotoxicity. Two anchor residues for binding to HLA A11 and A3 were identified at position 2 (isoleucine) and at position 9 (histidine) or at position 8 (arginine) of the epitope sequence. The identification of overlapping CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes within the capsid protein sequence C(263-275) implicates a strategy for using such epitopes in a candidate peptide-based rubella vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nepom GT, Domeier ME, Ou D, Kovats S, Mitchell LA, Tingle AJ. Recognition of contiguous allele-specific peptide elements in the rubella virus E1 envelope protein. Vaccine 1997; 15:648-52. [PMID: 9178465 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptides which bind to human HLA-DRB1 class II molecules in an allele-specific fashion were derived from the immunodominant E1 envelope protein of rubella virus. Two nonoverlapping E1 peptide epitopes were recognized by rubella virus-specific T cells in the context of independent HLA alleles when presented either separately or as a contiguous polypeptide containing both epitopes. Direct binding analysis of potential peptide epitopes to distinct HLA molecules provides a direct approach for selecting antigenic peptides useful for epitope-based vaccine targeted to multiple HLA types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Nepom
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nepom GT, Ou D, Lybrand TP, DeWeese C, Domeier ME, Buckner JH, Mitchell LA, Tingle AJ. Recognition of altered self major histocompatibility complex molecules modulated by specific peptide interactions. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:949-52. [PMID: 8625994 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted recognition by the T cell receptor involves multiple structural contacts over a large molecular surface area. Using a human T cell clone specific for a rubella viral peptide restricted by subsets of HLA DR4 molecules, we identified structurally diverse combinations of peptide-MHC complexes which were functionally equivalent to T cell recognition. Presentation of the rubella-derived peptide on DR4 molecules with an E-74 polymorphism triggered T cell recognition, as did presentation of a single amino acid-substituted peptide in the context of DR4 molecule which lacked the E-74 site. Peptide binding and molecular modeling analysis indicates the structural and functional complementarity of T cell recognition for a specific amino acid side chain, whether contributed by the peptide or by the MHC molecule.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/chemistry
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/metabolism
- HLA-DRB1 Chains
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Rubella/immunology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Nepom
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Settle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Key Recent Literature. Viral Immunol 1995. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.1995.8.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|