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Zhang M, Wang Y, Amin A, Khan MA, Yu Z, Liang C. Network Pharmacology Analysis of Bioactive Components and Mechanisms of Action of Qi Wei Wan Formula for Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) and Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SCF) have been used individually and in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for treating non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Qi Wei Wan (QWW), a 2-herb TCM formula composed of AR and SCF, is used to treat blood deficiency, fatigue, and metabolic abnormalities. We speculate that QWW may be more effective in treating NSCLC than AR or SCF alone. We identified 28 bioactive compounds in QWW and 322 targets of these compounds from databases. Network pharmacology analysis was used to identify 248 putative NSCLC-related gene targets of the bioactive compounds in QWW. Common target genes were analyzed to build protein–protein interaction networks. Implicated biological functions and pathways (p53, PI3K-Akt, etc) were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses. Molecular docking of core target proteins with the key active compounds was also performed. This study identified the potential gene targets and mechanisms involved in the anti-NSCLC effects of QWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Zhang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aftab Amin
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Lab of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- EnKang Pharmaceuticals (Guangzhou), Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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2
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Ma X, Cao B, Peng T, Sheng Y, Peng H, Li R, Cao Y, Xi R, Li F, Wang M, Sun H, Zhang G, Zhang H, Hu K, Xiao W, Wang F. Identification of a Novel TAR RNA-Binding Protein 2 Modulator with Potential Therapeutic Activity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7404-7421. [PMID: 34038111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance miRNAs contribute to tumor formation; therefore, the development of small-molecule compounds that regulate miRNA biogenesis is an important strategy in oncotherapy. Here, (-)-Gomisin M1 (GM) was found to modulate miRNA biogenesis to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. GM modulated expression profiles of miRNA and protein in HCC cells and suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. Mechanistically, GM affected miRNA maturation by targeting TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP), with an efficacy higher than that of enoxacin, and promoted the binding of TRBP with Dicer. Structural simplification and a preliminary structure-activity relationship study via the synthesis of 20 GM derivatives showed that compound 9 exhibited more potent inhibitory activity in HCC cell proliferation and affinity for TRBP than did GM. These results suggest that TRBP may be a novel potential therapeutic target in HCC and compound 9 may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyuan Zhou
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Biyun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuwen Sheng
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huipan Peng
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runze Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiying Xi
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Handong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei 071700, China
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3
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Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Containing Raw Omija and Sugared Omija during Storage. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1274591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of yogurt containing omija extract (control, raw omija, and sugared omija) stored at 4°C for 14 days. The pH of all groups decreased, while the titratable acidity increased as the storage period increased. The viscosity of the sugared omija sample was high, while in the syneresis test, the sugared omija sample showed a low value. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the raw omija sample on day 0. DPPH activity was the highest in the raw omija sample for all storage periods; this sample also showed high Fe2+ chelating activity, which did not significantly differ from the sugared omija sample. In sensory evaluation, the sugared omija sample showed the highest overall score. Based on these results, it can be concluded that yogurt containing sugared omija shows improved quality and antioxidant activity.
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4
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St. John TM. Chronic Hepatitis. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Hu B, An HM, Wang SS, Chen JJ, Xu L. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Herbal Compounds against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2016; 21:142. [PMID: 26828466 PMCID: PMC6274246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines, unique biomedical and pharmaceutical resources, have been widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention and treatment. Accumulated Chinese herb-derived compounds with significant anti-cancer effects against HCC have been identified. Chinese herbal compounds are effective in preventing carcinogenesis, inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell senescence and anoikis, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and angiogenesis, regulating immune function, reversing drug resistance and enhancing the effects of chemotherapy in HCC. This paper comprehensively reviews these compounds and their effects on HCC. Finally, the perspectives and rational application of herbal compounds for HCC management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Department of Science & Technology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jin-Jun Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Mao X, Liao Z, Guo L, Xu X, Wu B, Xu M, Zhao X, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisandrin C Ameliorates Learning and Memory Deficits by Aβ1-42-induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity in Mice. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1373-1380. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Zhengzheng Liao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lin Guo
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Bo Wu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Mengjie Xu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Ying Jia
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Park EJ, Ahn JJ, Kim JS, Kwon JH. Antioxidant Activities in Freeze-dried and Hot Air-dried Schizandra Fruit (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) at Different Microwave-asssisted Extraction Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2013.45.6.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Chronic Hepatitis. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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The immuno-regulatory effects of Schisandra chinensis and its constituents on human monocytic leukemia cells. Molecules 2011; 16:4836-49. [PMID: 21666550 PMCID: PMC6264271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases occur when the immune system is weakened. Intracellular signals activate immuno-responsive cells to produce cytokines that modulate the immune response. Schisandra chinensis has been used traditionally to treat general fatigue, neurasthenia, and spontaneous sweating. In the present study, the effect of constituents of S. chinensis on cytokine release by human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) was tested using microparticle-based flow cytometric analysis. Two major lignans, schizandrin (Sch) and gomisin A (Gom A), were identified and shown to induce interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release by THP-1 cells. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative real-time PCR, there was a dose-dependent increase of IL-8, MIP-1β and GM-CSF mRNA levels. Thus, Sch and Gom A from S. chinensis enhance cytokine release by THP-1 cells and this effect occurs through mRNA upregulation. Upregulation of MIP-1β and GM-CSF in particular may have clinical applications. Therefore, S. chinensis may be therapeutically beneficial by promoting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
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Choi YW, Kim K, Jo JY, Kim HL, Lee YJ, Shin WJ, Sacket SJ, Han M, Im DS. Wuweizisu C from Schisandra chinensis decreases membrane potential in C6 glioma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:1006-12. [PMID: 18718168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis, such as wuweizisu C, gomisin N, gomisin A, and schisandrin, on the membrane potential in C6 glioma cells. METHODS The membrane potential was estimated by measuring the fluorescence change in DiBAC-loaded glioma cells. RESULTS Wuweizisu C decreased the membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. Gomisin N and gomisin A, however, showed differential modulation and no change was induced by schisandrin or dimethyl- 4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate, a synthetic drug derived from dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. We found no involvement of G(i/o ) proteins, phospholipase C, and extracellular Na(+) on the wuweizisu C-induced decrease of the membrane potential. Wuweizisu C by itself did not change the intracellular Ca(2+)[Ca(2+)](i) concentration, but decreased the ATP-induced Ca(2+) increase in C6 glioma cells. The 4 lignans at all concentrations used in this study did not induce any effect on cell viability. Furthermore, we found a similar decrease of the membrane potential by wuweizisu C in PC12 neuronal cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the decrease in the membrane potential and the modulation of [Ca(2+)](i) concentration by wuweizisu C could be important action mechanisms of wuweizisu C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang-si 627-706, Republic of Korea
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11
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Vassão DG, Kim SJ, Milhollan JK, Eichinger D, Davin LB, Lewis NG. A pinoresinol–lariciresinol reductase homologue from the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) catalyzes the efficient in vitro conversion of p-coumaryl/coniferyl alcohol esters into the allylphenols chavicol/eugenol, but not the propenylphenols p-anol/isoeugenol. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 465:209-18. [PMID: 17624297 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) accumulates a complex mixture of 8-8' regiospecifically linked lignans, of which the potent antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is the most abundant. Its tetra-O-methyl derivative (M4N) is showing considerable promise in the treatment of refractory (hard-to-treat) brain and central nervous system tumors. NDGA and related 9,9'-deoxygenated lignans are thought to be formed by dimerization of allyl/propenyl phenols, phenylpropanoid compounds that lack C-9 oxygenation, thus differentiating them from the more common monolignol-derived lignans. In our ongoing studies dedicated towards elucidating the biochemical pathway to NDGA and its congeners, a pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase homologue was isolated from L. tridentata, with the protein obtained in functional recombinant form. This protein efficiently catalyzes the conversion of p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohol esters into the corresponding allylphenols, chavicol and eugenol; neither of their propenylphenol regioisomers, p-anol and isoeugenol, are formed during this enzyme reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Vassão
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 467 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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12
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Hung TM, Na M, Min BS, Ngoc TM, Lee I, Zhang X, Bae K. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of lignans isolated fromSchizandra chinensis. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:685-90. [PMID: 17679544 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The hexane extract of the fruit of Schizandra chinensis (Schisandraceae) was found to show significant inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). In further studies, fourteen lignans were isolated, and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on AChE. The compounds having both aromatic methylenedioxy and hydroxyl groups on their cyclooctadiene ring, such as gomisin C (6), gomisin G (7), gomisin D (8), schisandrol B (11) and gomisin A (13), entirely inhibited AChE in dose dependent manners, with IC50 values of 6.71 +/- 0.53, 6.55 +/- 0.31, 7.84 +/- 0.62, 12.57 +/- 1.07 and 13.28 +/- 1.68 microM, respectively. These results indicate that the lignans could potentially be a potent class of AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Manh Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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13
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Jung CH, Hong MH, Kim JH, Lee JY, Ko SG, Cho K, Seog HM. Protective effect of a phenolic-rich fraction from Schisandra chinensis against H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59:455-62. [PMID: 17331350 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.3.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the neuroprotective effects of a phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) on the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis of cultured SH-SY5Y cells. The PRF was obtained from the 80% ethanol extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis by Sepabeads SP-850 column chromatography. Cell viability assays revealed that pretreating SH-SY5Y cells with PRF (10-200 mugmL(-1)) resulted in significant dose-dependent protection against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. The protective effect of PRF against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of DNA contents using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Pre-incubation of cells with PRF at different concentrations for 24 h partially protected apoptosis by H(2)O(2) (150 muM). Moreover, cells treated with PRF reduced H(2)O(2)-induced caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and exerted an apparent suppressive effect on oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We concluded that PRF may be useful in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases associated with elevated ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hwa Jung
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 170 million. The standard of care for chronic HCV, a combination of alpha-interferon (IFN) and ribavirin, is only 50% effective, has serious side effects, and can be prohibitively expensive for low-income countries with a high prevalence of HCV. Many patients use natural products, including those who are not eligible for IFN/ribavirin, cannot afford treatment, or fail to respond to IFN. METHODS Extensive literature searches were conducted in order to identify clinical trials and reviews of natural products used for treatment of chronic HCV. This review focuses on the composition, pharmacology and results of clinical trials of three natural products: Oxymatrine, TJ-108/schisandra/Gomisin A and lactoferrin. RESULTS Several laboratory and human studies have been performed to evalaute these alternative treatments, but many of these studies are small, uncontrolled and have other important design flaws. While they do offer some safety and efficacy data, none of these studies is conclusive. CONCLUSION Further research is needed on the effectiveness of these natural products for treatment of chronic HCV, including their preparation and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Azzam
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1596, USA.
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15
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St. John TM. Chronic Hepatitis. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2954-0.50027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Vassão DG, Gang DR, Koeduka T, Jackson B, Pichersky E, Davin LB, Lewis NG. Chavicol formation in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum): cleavage of an esterified C9 hydroxyl group with NAD(P)H-dependent reduction. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2733-44. [PMID: 16826298 DOI: 10.1039/b605407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Propenyl- and allyl-phenols, such as methylchavicol, p-anol and eugenol, have gained importance as flavoring agents and also as putative precursors in the biosynthesis of 9,9'-deoxygenated lignans, many of which have potential medicinal applications. In spite of several decades of investigation, however, the complete biosynthetic pathway to a propenyl/allylphenol had not yet been reported. We have subjected a Thai basil variety accumulating relatively large amounts of the simplest volatile allylphenol, methylchavicol, to in vivo administration of radiolabeled precursors and assays of protein preparations in vitro. Through these experiments, the biosynthesis of chavicol was shown to occur via the phenylpropanoid pathway to p-coumaryl alcohol. Various possibilities leading to deoxygenation of the latter were examined, including reduction of the side-chain double bond to form p-dihydrocoumaryl alcohol, followed by dehydration to afford chavicol, as well as formation of p-methoxycinnamyl alcohol, with further side-chain modification to afford methylchavicol. A third possibility studied was activation of the side-chain alcohol of p-coumaryl alcohol, e.g.via esterification, to form a more facile leaving group via reductive elimination. The latter was shown to be the case using p-coumaryl esters as potential substrates for a NAD(P)H-dependent reductase to afford chavicol, which is then O-methylated to afford methylchavicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Vassão
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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Choi YW, Takamatsu S, Khan SI, Srinivas PV, Ferreira D, Zhao J, Khan IA. Schisandrene, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan from Schisandra chinensis: structure-antioxidant activity relationships of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:356-9. [PMID: 16562834 DOI: 10.1021/np0503707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of 13 lignans including schisandrene (13), a new lignan based on a dibenzocyclooctadiene backbone with an exocyclic double bond. Its structure and absolute configuration were established using NMR, MS, and CD data. Antioxidant activity of the lignans was evaluated using a DCFH-DA cellular-based assay. The structure-activity relationships of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans showed that the exocyclic methylene functionality was essential for antioxidant activity, with the benzoyloxy group probably enhancing such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Whan Choi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 38677, USA
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Kanatani H, Terabayashi S, Takeda S, Li W, Koike K, Nikaido T. Regio- and stereoselective 12-O-demethylation of schizandrin into gomisin T, an important intermediate to gomisin A, by Mortierella sp. (TM-I1104). Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Study on the Improvement of Storage Property and Quality in the Traditional Seasoning Beef Containing Medicinal Herb Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ríos JL, Giner RM, Prieto JM. New findings on the bioactivity of lignans. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Davin LB, Lewis NG. Dirigent proteins and dirigent sites explain the mystery of specificity of radical precursor coupling in lignan and lignin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 123:453-62. [PMID: 10859176 PMCID: PMC1539258 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.2.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L B Davin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 467 Pullman 99164-6340, USA
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Rose DP, Connolly JM, Liu XH. Dietary fatty acids and human breast cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 364:83-91. [PMID: 7725962 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2510-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D P Rose
- Division of Nutrition and Endocrinology, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York, USA
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