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Cosentino N, Marenzi G, Muratori M, Magrì D, Cattadori G, Agostoni P. Fluid balance in heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:ii9-ii15. [PMID: 37819223 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluid retention is a major determinant of symptoms in patients with heart failure (HF), and it is closely associated with prognosis. Hence, congestion represents a critical therapeutic target in this clinical setting. The first therapeutic strategy in HF patients with fluid overload is optimization of diuretic intervention to maximize water and sodium excretion. When diuretic therapy fails to relieve congestion, renal replacement therapy represents the only alternative option for fluid removal, as well as a way to restore diuretic responsiveness. On this background, the pathophysiology of fluid balance in HF is complex, with heart, kidney, and lung being deeply involved in volume regulation and management. Therefore, the interplay between these organs should be appreciated and considered when fluid overload in HF patients is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cosentino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Manuela Muratori
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Via Parea 4, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' Università degli Studi di Roma, Roma 00198, Italy
| | - Gaia Cattadori
- Unità Operativa Cardiologia Riabilitativa, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan 20123, Italy
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2
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Agostoni P, Salvioni E. Heart and Lungs in Heart Failure Is the Story of a Couple's Uneasy Cohabitation in a One-Bedroom Apartment. Chest 2023; 163:1348-1350. [PMID: 37295873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Bisht H, Tripathi A, Arya A, Konat A, Patel D, Godhani D, Kamaria R, Shah P, Chudasama G, Jain P, Sharma K. Ultrafiltration in Heart Failure: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e39933. [PMID: 37409214 PMCID: PMC10318566 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is an effective method to get rid of fluid retention and congestion in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) without affecting the circulating volume. Although its efficacy in comparison to diuretics is debatable, the evaluation of our analysis is based on various studies that comprise published clinical trials on ultrafiltration and studies comparing the efficacy of diuretics and ultrafiltration. Apart from this, we also look at literature that provides shortcomings of the said procedure and its scope for future advancements. Heart failure ultimately leads to volume overload, which is a highly concerning complication. Diuretics have been used as a first-line treatment for fluid overload but are becoming inefficacious due to the development of resistance and renal dysfunction. Ultrafiltration, on the other hand, is an attractive alternative to counter volume overload and congestion, which are unresponsive to medical therapy. There is also evidence that it significantly decreases the probability of future episodes of decompensation. There are, however, disagreements about whether ultrafiltration is an effective method to improve mortality in these patients. There is a lack of conclusive studies demonstrating the superiority of one fluid removal method over another. Hence, it is imperative to continue searching for the most effective method to treat congestion. Priority should be given to more mechanistic studies regarding ultrafiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Bisht
- Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Apoorva Tripathi
- Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Akshat Arya
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Ashwati Konat
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Divya Patel
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Dhruvin Godhani
- Internal Medicine, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society (GMERS) Medical College, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Rushi Kamaria
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Surat, IND
| | - Parita Shah
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand (NHL) Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Gayatri Chudasama
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy (BJ) Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Pragya Jain
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand (NHL) Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Cardiology, Dr. Kamal Sharma Cardiology Clinic, Ahmedabad, IND
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4
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Mapelli M, Mattavelli I, Salvioni E, Banfi C, Ghilardi S, De Martino F, Gugliandolo P, Mantegazza V, Volpato V, Basile C, Branco Pires MIF, Sassi V, Nusca B, Vignati C, Contini M, Sforza C, Biondi ML, Perrone Filardi P, Agostoni P. Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan on surfactant binding proteins, central sleep apneas, lung function tests and heart failure biomarkers: Hemodynamic or pleiotropism? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971108. [PMID: 36186983 PMCID: PMC9520298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeLittle is known about the mechanism underlying Sacubitril/Valsartan effects in patients with heart failure (HFrEF). Aim of the study is to assess hemodynamic vs. non-hemodynamic Sacubitril/Valsartan effects by analyzing several biological and functional parameters.MethodsSeventy-nine patients (86% males, age 66 ± 10 years) were enrolled. At baseline and 6 months after reaching the maximum Sacubitril/Valsartan tolerated dose, we assessed biomarkers, transthoracic echocardiography, polysomnography, spirometry, and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (DLCO).ResultsMean follow-up was 8.7 ± 1.4 months with 83% of patients reaching Sacubitril/Valsartan maximum dose (97/103 mg b.i.d). Significant improvements were observed in cardiac performance and biomarkers: left ventricular ejection fraction increased (31 ± 5 vs. 37 ± 9 %; p < 0.001), end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased; NT-proBNP decreased (1,196 [IQR 648–2891] vs. 958 [IQR 424-1,663] pg/ml; p < 0.001) in parallel with interleukin ST-2 (28.4 [IQR 19.4–36.6] vs. 20.4 [IQR 15.1–29.2] ng/ml; p < 0.001) and circulating surfactant binding proteins (proSP-B: 58.43 [IQR 40.42–84.23] vs. 50.36 [IQR 37.16–69.54] AU; p = 0.014 and SP-D: 102.17 [IQR 62.85–175.34] vs. 77.64 [IQR 53.55-144.70] AU; p < 0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity improved. DLCO increased in the patients' subgroup (n = 39) with impaired baseline values (from 65.3 ± 10.8 to 70.3 ± 15.9 %predicted; p = 0.013). We also observed a significant reduction in central sleep apneas (CSA).ConclusionSacubitril/Valsartan effects share a double pathway: hemodynamic and systemic. The first is evidenced by NT-proBNP, proSP-B, lung mechanics, and CSA improvement. The latter is confirmed by an amelioration of DLCO, ST-2, SP-D as well as by reverse remodeling echocardiographic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mapelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mattavelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salvioni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ghilardi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana De Martino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gugliandolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Mantegazza
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Volpato
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Basile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Sassi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Vignati
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Contini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Biondi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Piergiuseppe Agostoni ;
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5
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Chang HC, Huang WM, Yu WC, Cheng HM, Guo CY, Chiang CE, Chen CH, Sung SH. Prognostic Role of Pulmonary Function in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023422. [PMID: 35289186 PMCID: PMC9075473 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Both ventilatory abnormalities and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are frequently observed in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We aim to investigate the association between ventilatory abnormalities and PH in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, as well as their prognostic impacts. Methods and Results A total of 440 ambulatory patients (age, 66.2±15.8 years; 77% men) with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% who underwent comprehensive echocardiography and spirometry were enrolled. Total lung capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in the first second were obtained. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was estimated. PH was defined as a pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of >50 mm Hg. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality at 5 years. Patients with PH had significantly reduced total lung capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in the first second. During a median follow‐up of 25.9 months, there were 111 deaths. After accounting for age, sex, body mass index, renal function, smoking, left ventricular ejection fraction, and functional capacity, total lung capacity (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD, 0.66; 95% CI per 1 SD, 0.46–0.96), forced vital capacity (HR per 1 SD, 0.64; 95% CI per 1 SD, 0.48–0.84), and forced expiratory volume in the first second (HR per 1 SD, 0.72; 95% CI per 1 SD, 0.53–0.98) were all significantly correlated with mortality in patients without PH. Kaplan‐Meier curve demonstrated impaired pulmonary function, defined as forced expiratory volume in the first second ≤58% of predicted or forced vital capacity ≤65% of predicted, was associated with higher mortality in patients without PH (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.66–4.89), but not in patients with PH (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.61–1.82). Conclusions Ventilatory abnormality was more prevalent in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with PH than those without. However, such ventilatory defects were related to long‐term survival only in patients without PH, regardless of their functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chih Chang
- Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan and Suao Branch Yilan Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Huang
- Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Guo
- Institute of Public Health National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,General Clinical Research Center Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Chen
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Sung
- Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
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6
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Triantafyllidi H, Birmpa D, Benas D, Trivilou P, Fambri A, Iliodromitis EK. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: The ABC for the Clinical Cardiologist. Cardiology 2021; 147:62-71. [PMID: 34649252 DOI: 10.1159/000520024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Triantafyllidi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionyssia Birmpa
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Benas
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Trivilou
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Fambri
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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Liu Y, Yuan X. Efficacy and Renal Tolerability of Ultrafiltration in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of 19 Randomized Controlled Trials. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a life-threatening and costly disease. Controversy remains regarding the efficacy and renal tolerability of ultrafiltration for treating ADHF. We therefore performed this meta-analysis to evaluate this clinical issue.Methods:
A search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database of controlled trials was performed from inception to March 2021 for relevant randomized controlled trials. The quality of the included trials and outcomes was evaluated with the use of the risk of bias assessment tool and the Grading of
Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, respectively. The risk ratio and the standardized mean difference (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD) were computed and pooled with fixed-effects or random-effects models.Results: This meta-analysis included
19 studies involving 1281 patients. Ultrafiltration was superior to the control treatments for weight loss (WMD 1.24 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38‐2.09 kg, P=0.004) and fluid removal (WMD 1.55 L, 95% CI 0.51‐2.59 l, P=0.003) and was associated with a significant increase
in serum creatinine level compared with the control treatments (SMD 0.15 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.00‐0.30 mg/dL, P=0.04). However, no significant effects were found for serum N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide level, length of hospital stay, all-cause mortality, or all-cause
rehospitalization in the ultrafiltration group.Conclusions: The use of ultrafiltration in patients with ADHF is superior to the use of the control treatments for weight loss and fluid removal, but has adverse renal effects and lacks significant effects on long-term prognosis, indicating
that this approach to decongestion in ADHF patients is efficient for fluid management but less safe renally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Jentzer JC, Bihorac A, Brusca SB, Del Rio-Pertuz G, Kashani K, Kazory A, Kellum JA, Mao M, Moriyama B, Morrow DA, Patel HN, Rali AS, van Diepen S, Solomon MA. Contemporary Management of Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Refractory Cardiorenal Syndrome: JACC Council Perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1084-1101. [PMID: 32854844 PMCID: PMC11032174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) are increasingly prevalent in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease and remain associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. There are no specific therapies to reduce mortality related to either AKI or CRS, apart from supportive care and volume status management. Acute renal replacement therapies (RRTs), including ultrafiltration, intermittent hemodialysis, and continuous RRT are used to manage complications of medically refractory AKI and CRS and may restore normal electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance before renal recovery. Patients who require acute RRT have a significant risk of mortality and long-term dialysis dependence, emphasizing the importance of appropriate patient selection. Despite the growing use of RRT in the cardiac intensive care unit, there are few resources for the cardiovascular specialist that integrate the epidemiology, diagnostic workup, and medical management of AKI and CRS with an overview of indications, multidisciplinary team management, and transition off of RRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Jentzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Samuel B Brusca
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Center for Critical Care Nephrology, The CRISMA Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kianoush Kashani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Kazory
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Center for Critical Care Nephrology, The CRISMA Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Brad Moriyama
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Special Volunteer, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David A Morrow
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hena N Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aniket S Rali
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean van Diepen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A Solomon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Abstract
The heart and lungs are intimately linked. Hence, impaired function of one organ may lead to changes in the other. Accordingly, heart failure is associated with airway obstruction, loss of lung volume, impaired gas exchange, and abnormal ventilatory control. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an excellent tool for evaluation of gas exchange and ventilatory control. Indeed, many parameters routinely measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, including the level of minute ventilation per unit of carbon dioxide production and the presence of exercise oscillatory ventilation, have been found to be strongly associated with prognosis in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cundrle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno 65691, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lyle J Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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10
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Gronda E, Vanoli E, Sacchi S, Grassi G, Ambrosio G, Napoli C. Risk of heart failure progression in patients with reduced ejection fraction: mechanisms and therapeutic options. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 25:295-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Agostoni P, Dumitrescu D. How to perform and report a cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2019; 288:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Kazory A, Costanzo MR. Extracorporeal Isolated Ultrafiltration for Management of Congestion in Heart Failure and Cardiorenal Syndrome. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:434-442. [PMID: 30309461 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute decompensated heart failure has the highest rate of hospital readmission among all medical conditions and portends a significant financial burden on health care system. Congestion, the hallmark of acute decompensated heart failure, represents the primary reason for hospitalization and the driver of adverse outcomes in these patients. Although diuretic-based medical regimens remain the mainstay of management of acute decompensated heart failure, they often show suboptimal efficacy and safety profiles in this setting. Mechanical extraction of excess fluid through extracorporeal ultrafiltration therapy has been proposed as a mechanistically relevant option in this setting. The advent of simplified, portable, and user-friendly devices that are dedicated to ultrafiltration therapy for these patients has renewed the interest in this therapeutic modality. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the initial mechanistic studies followed by the key clinical findings of the most recent landmark trials. The shortcomings of these studies are discussed in detail because not only do they provide the appropriate context in which the results are to be interpreted, but more importantly they also highlight the existing knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future studies. Finally, selected practical and conceptual considerations and controversies are reviewed with regard to evidence-based ultrafiltration therapy.
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13
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Siddiqui WJ, Kohut AR, Hasni SF, Goldman JM, Silverman B, Kelepouris E, Eisen HJ, Aggarwal S. Readmission rate after ultrafiltration in acute decompensated heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:685-698. [PMID: 28900774 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Significance of ultrafiltration in acute decompensated heart failure remains unclear. We performed meta-analysis to determine its role in reducing readmissions after acute decompensated heart failure. MEDLINE was searched using PUBMED from inception to March 22, 2017 for prospective randomized control trials comparing ultrafiltration to diuretics in acute decompensated heart failure. Five hundred ninety studies were found; nine studies with 820 patients were included. Studies with renal replacement therapy bar ultrafiltration, chronic decompensated heart failure, and non-English language were excluded. RevMan Version 5.3 was used for analysis. The primary outcomes analyzed were cumulative and 90 days readmissions secondary to heart failure and all-cause readmissions. Baseline characteristics were similar. One hundred eighty-eight patients were readmitted with heart failure, 77 vs 111 favoring ultrafiltration; risk ratio (RR) = 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-1.02, p = 0.07, I 2 = 47%). Ninety days readmissions were 43 vs 67 favoring ultrafiltration; RR = 0.65 (95%CI, 0.47-0.90, p = 0.01, I 2 = 0%). Ultrafiltration showed significantly higher fluid removal and weight loss. Hypotension was common in ultrafiltration (24 vs 13, OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 0.98-4.32, p = 0.06, I 2 = 0%). Ultrafiltration showed reduced 90 days heart failure readmissions and trend towards reduced cumulative hospital readmissions. Renal and cardiovascular outcomes and hospital stay were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Javed Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| | - Andrew R Kohut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Syed F Hasni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jesse M Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Benjamin Silverman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Ellie Kelepouris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Howard J Eisen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Hahnemann University Hospital, 230 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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14
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Goldsmith SR, Bart BA, Pin~a IL. Neurohormonal Imbalance: A Neglected Problem—And Potential Therapeutic Target—In Acute Heart Failure. Curr Probl Cardiol 2018; 43:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Safe Hydration Volume to Prevent Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Worsening Heart Failure in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction After Cardiac Catheterization. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 70:168-175. [PMID: 28525419 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the efficacy and safety of hydration to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and worsening heart failure (WHF) after cardiac catheterization in heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; HF and EF ≥50%) patients. We recruited 1206 patients with HFpEF undergoing cardiac catheterization with periprocedural hydration volume/weight (HV/W) ratio data and investigated the relationship between hydration volumes and risk of CI-AKI and WHF. Incidence of CI-AKI was not significantly reduced in individuals with higher HV/W [quartile (Q) 1, Q2, Q3, and Q4: 9.7%, 10.2%, 12.7%, and 12.2%, respectively; P = 0.219]. Multivariate analysis indicated that higher HV/W ratios were not associated with decreased CI-AKI risks [Q2 vs. Q1: odds ratio (OR), 0.95; Q3 vs. Q1: OR, 1.07; Q4 vs. Q1: OR, 0.92; all P > 0.05]. According to multivariate analysis, higher HV/W significantly increased the WHF risk (Q4 vs. Q1: adjusted OR, 8.13 and 95% confidence interval, 1.03-64.02; P = 0.047). CI-AKI and WHF were associated with a significantly increased risk of long-term mortality (mean follow-up, 2.33 years). For HFpEF patients, an excessively high hydration volume might not be associated with lower risk of CI-AKI but may increase the risk of postprocedure WHF.
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16
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Chen SQ, Liu Y, Bei WJ, Wang Y, Duan CY, Wu DX, Wang K, Chen PY, Chen JY, Tan N, Li LW. Optimal hydration volume among high-risk patients with advanced congestive heart failure undergoing coronary angiography. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23738-23748. [PMID: 29805771 PMCID: PMC5955121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between weight-adjusted hydration volumes and the risk of developing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and worsening heart failure (WHF) and explored the relative safety of optimal hydration volumes in patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention. We included 551 patients with advanced CHF (New York Heart Association class > 2 or history of pulmonary edema) undergoing CAG (follow-up period 2.62 ± 0.9 years). There was a significant association between hydration volume-to-weight ratio (HV/W) (quintile Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5) and the incidence of CI-AKI (3.7%, 14.6%, 14.3%, 21.1%, and 31.5%, respectively) and WHF (3.6%, 5.4%, 8.3%, 13.6%, and 19.1%, respectively) (all P-trend < 0.001). Receiver operating curve analysis indicated that HV/W = 15 mL/kg and the mean HV/W (60.87% sensitivity and 64.96% specificity) were fair discriminators for CI-AKI (C-statistic 0.696). HV/W >15 mL/kg independently predicted CI-AKI (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.33; P = 0.016) and WHF (adjusted OR 2.13; P = 0.018). Moreover, both CI-AKI and WHF were independently associated with increased long-term mortality. Thus, for high-risk patients with advanced CHF undergoing CAG, HV/W > 15 mL/kg might be associated with an increased risk of developing CI-AKI and WHF. The potential benefits of a personalized limitation of hydration volume need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital Zhuhai Hospital (Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Jie Bei
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chong-Yang Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng-Xuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Yan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Wen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Campodonico J, Mapelli M, Spadafora E, Ghilardi S, Agostoni P, Banfi C, Sciomer S. Surfactant proteins changes after acute hemodynamic improvement in patients with advanced chronic heart failure treated with Levosimendan. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 252-253:47-51. [PMID: 29548887 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar-capillary membrane evaluated by carbon monoxide diffusion (DLCO) plays an important role in heart failure (HF). Surfactant Proteins (SPs) have also been suggested as a worthwhile marker. In HF, Levosimendan improves pulmonary hemodynamics and reduces lung fluids but associated SPs and DLCO changes are unknown. Sixty-five advanced HF patients underwent spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and SPs determination before and after Levosimendan. Levosimendan caused natriuretic peptide-B (BNP) reduction, peakVO2 increase and VE/VCO2 slope reduction. Spirometry improved but DLCO did not. SP-A, SP-D and immature SP-B reduced (73.7 ± 25.3 vs. 66.3 ± 22.7 ng/mL*, 247 ± 121 vs. 223 ± 110 ng/mL*, 39.4 ± 18.7 vs. 34.4 ± 17.9AU*, respectively); while mature SP-B increased (424 ± 218 vs. 461 ± 243 ng/mL, * = p < 0.001). Spirometry, BNP and CPET changes suggest hemodynamic improvement and lung fluid reduction. SP-A, SP-D and immature SP-B reduction indicates a reduction of inflammatory stress; conversely mature SP-B increase suggests alveolar cell function restoration. In conclusion, acute lung fluid reduction is associated with SPs but not DLCO changes. SPs are fast responders to alveolar-capillary membrane condition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Sezione Cardiovascolare, Università di Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Susanna Sciomer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesioloigiche e Geriatriche, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
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18
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Abstract
In patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF), removal of edema by hemofiltration is associated with significant clinical and hemodynamic improvement, correction of hyponatremia, restoration of urine output and diuretic responsiveness, and with a striking fall in neurohormonal activation. Through these effects, hemofiltration is able to interrupt the progression of CHF toward refractoriness, and to revert the clinical condition of CHF patients to a lower functional class. Fluid refilling from the overhydrated interstitium is the major compensatory mechanism in the prevention of hypovolemia during hemofiltration. Hemofiltration can also be beneficial in patients who have only moderate cardiac insufficiency (NYHA classes II and III) and in whom over-hydration is restricted to the pulmonary district significantly contributing to limiting patients functional capacity. In this setting, hemofiltration, differently from diuretics, is able to remove the increased lung water content and to improve clinical condition, exercise capacity and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Institute of Cardiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Clark WR, Paganini E, Weinstein D, Bartlett R, Sheinfeld G, Ronco C. Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure: Report from the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 28:466-76. [PMID: 15883961 DOI: 10.1177/039139880502800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This report from a work group affiliated with the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative is a critical assessment of the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) in the management of acutely decompensated heart failure (HF). In addition to assessing UF in this setting, the report also provides background information on HF, including classification, pathophysiology, and the importance of concomitant renal failure. A summary of important results from clinical trials in this area is provided, along with a discussion of technical considerations. Finally, specific recommendations for future clinical evaluations are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Clark
- Gambro Renal Products, Lakewood, CO and Nephrology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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20
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Milazzo V, Cosentino N, Marenzi G. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration for acute heart failure: patient selection and perspectives. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2017; 13:449-456. [PMID: 29270016 PMCID: PMC5730184 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s128608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients presenting with acute heart failure (AHF) show signs and symptoms of fluid overload, which are closely associated with short-term and long-term outcomes. Ultrafiltration is an extremely appealing strategy for patients with AHF and concomitant overt fluid overload not fully responsive to diuretic therapy. However, although there are several theoretical beneficial effects associated with ultrafiltration, published reports have shown controversial findings. Differences in selection of the study population and in ultrafiltration indications and protocols, and high variability in the pharmacologic therapy used for the control group could explain some of these conflicting results. Here, we aimed to provide an overview on the current medical evidence supporting the use of ultrafiltration in AHF, with a special focus on the identification of potential candidates who may benefit the most from this therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Milazzo
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Cosentino
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
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21
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Morosin M, Farina S, Vignati C, Spadafora E, Sciomer S, Salvioni E, Sinagra G, Agostoni P. Exercise performance, haemodynamics, and respiratory pattern do not identify heart failure patients who end exercise with dyspnoea from those with fatigue. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 5:115-119. [PMID: 29171164 PMCID: PMC5793969 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The two main symptoms referred by chronic heart failure (HF) patients as the causes of exercise termination during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are muscular fatigue and dyspnoea. So far, a physiological explanation why some HF patients end exercise because of dyspnoea and others because of fatigue is not available. We assessed whether patients referring dyspnoea or muscular fatigue may be distinguished by different ventilator or haemodynamic behaviours during exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed exercise data of 170 consecutive HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in stable clinical condition. All patients underwent maximal CPET and a second maximal CPET with measurement of cardiac output by inert gas rebreathing at peak exercise. Thirty-eight (age 65.0 ± 11.1 years) and 132 (65.1 ± 11.4 years) patients terminated CPET because of dyspnoea and fatigue, respectively. Haemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters were the same in fatigue and dyspnoea patients. VO2 was 10.4 ± 3.2 and 10.5 ± 3.3 mL/min/kg at the anaerobic threshold and 15.5 ± 4.8 and 15.4 ± 4.3 at peak, in fatigue and dyspnoea patients, respectively. In fatigue and dyspnoea patients, peak heart rate was 110 ± 22 and 114 ± 22 beats/min, and VE/VCO2 and VO2 /work relationship slopes were 31.2 ± 6.8 and 30.6 ± 8.2 and 10.6 ± 4.2 and 11.4 ± 5.5 L/min/W, respectively. Peak cardiac output was 6.68 ± 2.51 and 6.21 ± 2.55 L/min (P = NS for all). CONCLUSIONS In chronic HF patients in stable clinical condition, fatigue and dyspnoea as reasons of exercise termination do not highlight different ventilatory or haemodynamic patterns during effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morosin
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Cardiovascular Department 'Ospedali Riuniti' Trieste and Postgraduate School Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Geriatric, Nephrology and Anesthesiology Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department 'Ospedali Riuniti' Trieste and Postgraduate School Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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22
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Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration for Fluid Overload in Heart Failure: Current Status and Prospects for Further Research. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:2428-2445. [PMID: 28494980 PMCID: PMC5632523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
More than 1 million heart failure hospitalizations occur annually, and congestion is the predominant cause. Rehospitalizations for recurrent congestion portend poor outcomes independently of age and renal function. Persistent congestion trumps serum creatinine increases in predicting adverse heart failure outcomes. No decongestive pharmacological therapy has reduced these harmful consequences. Simplified ultrafiltration devices permit fluid removal in lower-acuity hospital settings, but with conflicting results regarding safety and efficacy. Ultrafiltration performed at fixed rates after onset of therapy-induced increased serum creatinine was not superior to standard care and resulted in more complications. In contrast, compared with diuretic agents, some data suggest that adjustment of ultrafiltration rates to patients’ vital signs and renal function may be associated with more effective decongestion and fewer heart failure events. Essential aspects of ultrafiltration remain poorly defined. Further research is urgently needed, given the burden of congestion and data suggesting sustained benefits of early and adjustable ultrafiltration.
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23
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Kabach M, Alkhawam H, Shah S, Joseph G, Donath EM, Moss N, Rosenstein RS, Chait R. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Acta Cardiol 2017; 72:132-141. [PMID: 28597798 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1291195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Intravenous loop diuretics are the first-line therapy for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) but many patients are discharged with unresolved congestion resulting in higher re-hospitalization and mortality rates. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a promising intervention for ADHF. However, studies comparing UF to diuretics have been inconsistent in their clinical outcomes. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed. Trials were included if they met the following criteria: (1) randomization with a control group, (2) comparison of UF with a loop diuretic, and (3) a diagnosis of ADHF. Results When compared to diuretics, UF was associated with a reduced risk of clinical worsening (odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38-0.86, P-value 0.007), increased likelihood for clinical decongestion (OR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.09-4.91, P-value 0.03) with greater weight (0.97 Kg, 95% CI: 0.52-1.42, P-value <0.0001) and volume reduction (1.11 L, 95% CI: 0.68-1.54, P-value <0.0001). The overall risk of re-hospitalization (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.62-1.38, P-value 0.70), return to emergency department (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.08, P-value 0.10) and mortality (OR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.60-1.62, P-value 0.97) were not significantly improved by UF treatment. Conclusions UF is associated with significant improvements in clinical decongestion but not in rates of re-hospitalization or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kabach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Regional Campus, Atlantis, FL, USA
| | - Hassan Alkhawam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (Elmhurst), NYC, USA
| | - Sachil Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Regional Campus, Atlantis, FL, USA
| | - Georges Joseph
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Regional Campus, Atlantis, FL, USA
| | - Elie M. Donath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Regional Campus, Atlantis, FL, USA
| | - Noah Moss
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC, USA
| | - Robert S. Rosenstein
- Department of Cardiology, West Palm Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Robert Chait
- Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Regional Campus, Atlantis, FL, USA
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24
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Marenzi G, Cosentino N, Marinetti A, Leone AM, Milazzo V, Rubino M, De Metrio M, Cabiati A, Campodonico J, Moltrasio M, Bertoli S, Cecere M, Mosca S, Marana I, Grazi M, Lauri G, Bonomi A, Veglia F, Bartorelli AL. Renal replacement therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Rate of use, clinical predictors and relationship with in-hospital mortality. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:255-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Taron-Brocard C, Looten V, Fahlgren B, Charpentier E, Guillevin L, Barna A. [Congestive heart failure: Treatment with ultrafiltration]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2016; 65:240-244. [PMID: 27344095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence rate of congestive heart failure is approximately 2% in high-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the overall benefit of ultrafiltration therapy in patients with acute or persistent congestive heart failure. METHODS We conducted a health technology assessment following the EUnetHTA guidelines, with systematic literature review from bibliographic medical databases, independent experts and manufacturer interviews. RESULTS Thirteen clinical trials and five meta-analyses were examined. In the most recent one, 608 patients were included, of which 304 received ultrafiltration therapy and 304 received intravenous loop diuretics. Ultrafiltration therapy seems to be more beneficial regarding the fluid removal and the body weight reduction, (mean difference respectively 1.44kg, IC95% [0.29; 2.59], P-value=0.01 and 1.28L [0.43; 2.12], P-value=0.003). No difference has been showed in overall mortality, renal function, hospital readmission or safety. Medico-economic studies are incomplete and contradictory. CONCLUSION Ultrafiltration therapy seems to be effective, most likely for patients ineligible or resistant to intravenous diuretics. But most topics remain uncertain, mainly impact on overall mortality, safety and cost-effectiveness. Given these knowledge-gaps, the generalization of ultrafiltration therapy should be examined cautiously, and conditional upon a large-scale systematic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taron-Brocard
- Comité d'évaluation et de diffusion des innovations technologiques (CEDIT), AP-HP, 3, avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - V Looten
- Comité d'évaluation et de diffusion des innovations technologiques (CEDIT), AP-HP, 3, avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - B Fahlgren
- Comité d'évaluation et de diffusion des innovations technologiques (CEDIT), AP-HP, 3, avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - E Charpentier
- Comité d'évaluation et de diffusion des innovations technologiques (CEDIT), AP-HP, 3, avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - L Guillevin
- Comité d'évaluation et de diffusion des innovations technologiques (CEDIT), AP-HP, 3, avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - A Barna
- Comité d'évaluation et de diffusion des innovations technologiques (CEDIT), AP-HP, 3, avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
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26
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Dubé BP, Agostoni P, Laveneziana P. Exertional dyspnoea in chronic heart failure: the role of the lung and respiratory mechanical factors. Eur Respir Rev 2016; 25:317-32. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0048-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exertional dyspnoea is among the dominant symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure and progresses relentlessly as the disease advances, leading to reduced ability to function and engage in activities of daily living. Effective management of this disabling symptom awaits a better understanding of its underlying physiology.Cardiovascular factors are believed to play a major role in dyspnoea in heart failure patients. However, despite pharmacological interventions, such as vasodilators or inotropes that improve central haemodynamics, patients with heart failure still complain of exertional dyspnoea. Clearly, dyspnoea is not determined by cardiac factors alone, but likely depends on complex, integrated cardio-pulmonary interactions.A growing body of evidence suggests that excessively increased ventilatory demand and abnormal “restrictive” constraints on tidal volume expansion with development of critical mechanical limitation of ventilation, contribute to exertional dyspnoea in heart failure. This article will offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in patients with chronic heart failure by exploring the potential role of the various constituents of the physiological response to exercise and particularly the role of abnormal ventilatory and respiratory mechanics responses to exercise in the perception of dyspnoea in patients with heart failure.
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27
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Kazory A. Ultrafiltration Therapy for Heart Failure: Balancing Likely Benefits against Possible Risks. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1463-1471. [PMID: 27034400 PMCID: PMC4974896 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13461215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major public health concern because of its high prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. The poor clinical outcomes associated with acute decompensated heart failure, suboptimal efficacy and safety profile of conventional treatment regimens, and unsatisfactory experiences with the newer classes of pharmacologic therapy underlie the interest in the use of extracorporeal isolated ultrafiltration in this setting. In this article, selected mechanistic aspects of ultrafiltration therapy are briefly reviewed followed by a critical overview of the largest trials in this field. I will discuss the clinical relevance of renal dysfunction and decongestion as two commonly used end points of safety and efficacy in the ultrafiltration trials, with emphasis on the emerging pertinent notions that could challenge our conventional thinking. Finally, a number of practical recommendations (e.g., customization of ultrafiltration rates) are provided for ultrafiltration therapy in the setting of acute decompensated heart failure. Because of a paucity of evidence, universally accepted consensus guidelines cannot yet be generated. As such, when considering ultrafiltration therapy for acute decompensated heart failure, the likely benefits should be carefully balanced against the potential risks for an individual patient. A conceivable implication of the ultrafiltration trials is that collaborative heart failure programs benefiting from nephrology expertise and resources could improve the outcomes and reduce the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kazory
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Pourafshar N, Karimi A, Kazory A. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration therapy for acute decompensated heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 14:5-13. [PMID: 26523337 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2016.1110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Congestion is the most common reason for hospitalization of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and adversely impacts their outcomes. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) therapy has re-emerged as an effective strategy for decongestion in this setting. This article is intended to discuss key concepts in UF and its technique, provide a brief historical view of UF application for decongestion in ADHF, review the hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of UF and their positive effects on the pathophysiology of ADHF, discuss the findings of the landmark trials in this field, and explain key findings of these studies as well as the apparent discrepancies in their findings. In a separate section we discuss the intricacies of renal dysfunction in ADHF as it plays a very important role in understanding the current evidence and designing futures clinical trials of UF in ADHF. In the end, the authors provide their perspective on the future role of UF in management of patients with ADHF and congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negiin Pourafshar
- a Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Ashkan Karimi
- b Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Amir Kazory
- a Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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Houston BA, Kalathiya RJ, Kim DA, Zakaria S. Volume Overload in Heart Failure: An Evidence-Based Review of Strategies for Treatment and Prevention. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1247-61. [PMID: 26189443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute decompensated heart failure is the leading cause of hospital admission in the United States, with a high risk of readmission within 30 days. Most acute decompensated heart failure admissions are driven by congestive signs and symptoms resulting from fluid and sodium overload. We reviewed the evidence base addressing the management and prevention of fluid overload in heart failure, focusing on recent clinical trials. All the references in this review were obtained through PubMed and had at least 1 of the following key words: heart failure and volume overload, congestion, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, dopamine, cardiorenal syndrome, nesiritide, vasopressin antagonists, ultrafiltration, sodium restriction, fluid restriction, telemonitoring, and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. We also reviewed relevant references cited in the obtained articles, especially articles addressing methods of treating or preventing volume overload in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Houston
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rohan J Kalathiya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel A Kim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sammy Zakaria
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Mushtaq S, Andreini D, Farina S, Salvioni E, Pontone G, Sciomer S, Volpato V, Agostoni P. Levosimendan improves exercise performance in patients with advanced chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2015; 2:133-141. [PMID: 27708855 PMCID: PMC5042087 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides parameters such as peak VO2 and ventilation/CO2 production (VE/VCO2) slope, which are strong prognostic predictors in patients with stable advanced chronic heart failure (ADHF). The study aim was to evaluate the effects of the inodilator levosimendan on CPET in patients with ADHF under stable clinical conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled patients with ADHF (peak VO2 < 12 mL/min/kg) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Patients were randomly assigned to i.v. infusion of placebo (500 mL 5% glucose; n = 19) or levosimendan (in 500 mL 5% glucose; n = 23). Before and 24 h after the end of the infusion, patients underwent determination of New York Heart Association class, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), haemoglobin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels, as well as CPET, standard spirometry, and alveolar capillary gas diffusion. BNP showed no change with placebo (1042 ± 811 to 1043 ± 867 pg/mL), but it was decreased with levosimendan (1163 ± 897 to 509 ± 543 pg/mL, P < 0.001). No changes were observed for haemoglobin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in either group. With levosimendan, a minor improvement was observed in spirometry measurements, but not in alveolar capillary gas diffusion. Peak VO2 showed a small, non-significant increase with placebo (9.5 ± 1.7 to 10.0 ± 2.1 mL/kg/min, P = 0.12), and a greater increase with levosimendan (9.8 ± 1.7 to 11.0 ± 1.9 mL/kg/min, P < 0.005). The VE/VCO2 slope showed no change (44.0 ± 11 vs. 43.4 ± 10.3, P = 0.44), and a decrease (41.9 ± 10 vs. 36.6 ± 6.4, P < 0.001) in the placebo and in the levosimendan group, respectively. CONCLUSION Levosimendan treatment significantly improves peak VO2 and reduces VE/VCO2 slope and BNP in patients with ADHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Mushtaq
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Stefania Farina
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
| | - Elisabetta Salvioni
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anaesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences‘La Sapienza’ University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Volpato
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico MonzinoScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Health Care (IRCCS)MilanItaly
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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Malfatto G, Caravita S, Giglio A, Rossi J, Perego GB, Facchini M, Parati G. Pulmonary congestion at rest and abnormal ventilation during exercise in chronic systolic heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3947. [PMID: 25944875 PMCID: PMC4599404 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic heart failure, abnormal ventilation at cardiopulmonary testing (expressed by minute ventilation-to-carbon dioxide production, or VE/VCO2 slope, and resting end-tidal CO2 pressure) may derive either from abnormal autonomic or chemoreflex regulation or from lung dysfunction induced by pulmonary congestion. The latter hypothesis is supported by measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, which cannot be obtained routinely but may be estimated noninvasively by measuring transthoracic conductance (thoracic fluid content 1/kΩ) with impedance cardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS Preliminarily, in 9 patients undergoing invasive hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary testing, we demonstrated a significant relationship between VE/VCO2 slope and resting end-tidal CO2 pressure with baseline and peak pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Later, noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation by impedance cardiography was performed before cardiopulmonary testing in 190 patients with chronic systolic heart failure and normal lung function (aged 67±3 years, 71% with ischemia, ejection fraction 32±7%, 69% with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy). In this group, we determined the relationship between abnormal ventilation (VE/VCO2 slope and resting end-tidal CO2 pressure) and transthoracic conductance. In the whole population, thoracic fluid content values were significantly related to VE/VCO2 slope (R=0.63, P<0.0001) and to resting end-tidal CO2 pressure (R=-0.44, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic heart failure, abnormal ventilation during exercise may be related in part to pulmonary congestion, as detected by resting baseline impedance cardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Malfatto
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.)
| | - Sergio Caravita
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.) Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Prevenzione e Biotecnologie Sanitarie, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (S.C., G.P.)
| | - Alessia Giglio
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.)
| | - Jessica Rossi
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.)
| | - Giovanni B Perego
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.)
| | - Mario Facchini
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy (G.M., S.C., A.G., J.R., G.B.P., M.F., G.P.) Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Prevenzione e Biotecnologie Sanitarie, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (S.C., G.P.)
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Marenzi G, Morpurgo M, Agostoni P. Continuous ultrafiltration in acute decompensated heart failure: current issues and future directions. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2015; 15:103-12. [PMID: 25650293 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-015-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most patients hospitalized for acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) present with symptoms and signs of volume overload, which are also associated with high rates of death and re-hospitalization. Several studies have investigated the possible use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration in the management of ADHF, evaluating potential clinical benefits in terms of hospitalization and survival rates versus those of conventional diuretic therapy. Though ultrafiltration remains an extremely appealing therapeutic option for patients with AHDF, some of the most recent studies have reported conflicting results. Differences in the selection of study population, heterogeneity of the indications for the use of ultrafiltration, disparity in the ultrafiltration protocols, and high variability in the pharmacologic therapies used for the control group could explain some of these contradictory findings. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview and an update on the mechanisms and clinical effects of ultrafiltration and on currently available evidence supporting its use in ADHF.
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Marana I, Marenzi G, Kazory A. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration for heart failure: focus on organ cross talk and clinical trials. Nephrol Ther 2014; 10:203-9. [PMID: 24997009 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in pharmacological therapy and cardiac devices, heart failure patients continue to be frequently (re-)hospitalized with signs and symptoms of fluid overload. Diuretics improve the symptoms of fluid overload, but their effectiveness is reduced by a number of factors including excess salt intake, underlying chronic kidney disease, renal adaptation to their actions and neurohormonal activation. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a mechanical method of fluid removal with several potential advantages over diuretic-based conventional therapies: several recent studies have demonstrated favorable clinical response to UF therapy. Such studies have shown that removal of large amounts of isotonic fluid, in addition to relieving symptoms of congestion, can improve exercise capacity, reduce cardiac filling pressures, restore diuretic responsiveness, and portend a favorable effect on cardio-pulmonary, cardiorenal interactions, and neurohormonal hyperactivation. However, despite these proposed benefits, so far, no clinical study has yet been carried out to explore the impact of UF therapy on hard clinical endpoints such as long-term mortality. In this article, we review a number of mechanistic aspects of UF therapy, with particular emphasis on cardio-pulmonary and cardiorenal interactions, and revisit the results of more recent clinical trials in order to highlight the characteristics that can help identify patients who are more likely to benefit from this therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Marana
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, university of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, university of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Amir Kazory
- Division of nephrology, hypertension, and renal transplantation, university of Florida, 1600 SW Archer road, 32610-0224 Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Kwong JS, Yu CM. Ultrafiltration for acute decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
For the 13th consecutive year, acute decompensated heart failure is the most common reason for admission to American hospitals. Most patients admitted for decompensated heart failure are by definition, diuretic resistant. The therapeutic objective in these patients is volume and sodium removal, and the restoration of diuretic sensitivity. In a significant proportion of patients, this objective is not met, subjecting patients to readmission for recurrent (or continued) heart failure decompensation. Ultrafiltration therapy offers the potential of greater volume and sodium removal as compared with conventional therapies in a more expeditious manner. Ultrafiltration can be accomplished safely, quickly and on a regular telemetry ward in extremely ill patients, but relies on earlier discharge with reduced readmission rates to be economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boyle
- In-patient Cardiology, University of Minnesota, MMC 508, 420 SE Delaware St, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Bertoli SV, Musetti C, Ciurlino D, Basile C, Galli E, Gambaro G, Iadarola G, Guastoni C, Carlini A, Fasciolo F, Borzumati M, Gallieni M, Stefania F. Peritoneal ultrafiltration in refractory heart failure: a cohort study. Perit Dial Int 2014; 34:64-70. [PMID: 24179103 PMCID: PMC3923694 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Acutely decompensated heart failure (HF) in patients with diuretic resistance is often treated with extracorporeal ultrafiltration. Peritoneal ultrafiltration (PUF) has been proposed for the long-term management of severe HF after resolution of the acute episode. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of PUF in the treatment of chronic refractory HF in patients without end-stage renal disease. ♢ METHODS This multicenter (10 nephrology departments throughout Italy) retrospective observational study included patients with severe HF refractory to maximized drug treatment. The patients were proposed for PUF because they had experienced at least 3 hospital admissions in the preceding year for acutely decompensated HF requiring extracorporeal ultrafiltration. ♢ RESULTS Of the 48 study patients (39 men, 9 women; mean age 74 ± 9 years), 30 received 1 nocturnal icodextrin exchange, 5 required 2 daily exchanges, and 13 received 2 - 4 sessions per week of automated peritoneal dialysis. During the first year, renal function remained stable (initial: 20.8 ± 10.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2); end: 22.0 ± 13.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), while pulmonary artery systolic pressure declined to 40 ± 6.09 mmHg from 45.5 ± 9.18 mmHg (p = 0.03), with a significant concomitant improvement in New York Heart Association functional status. Hospitalizations decreased to 11 ± 17 days/patient-year from 43 ± 33 days/patient-year before the start of PUF (p < 0.001). The incidence of peritonitis was 1 episode in 45 patient-months. Patient survival was 85% at 1 year and 56% at 2 years. ♢ CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the satisfactory results of using PUF for chronic HF in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio V Bertoli
- Cardiovascular Department,1 Renal Unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan
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Marenzi G, Muratori M, Cosentino ER, Rinaldi ER, Donghi V, Milazzo V, Ferramosca E, Borghi C, Santoro A, Agostoni P. Continuous Ultrafiltration for Congestive Heart Failure: The CUORE Trial. J Card Fail 2014; 20:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wen H, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Lan Y, Yang H. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretic therapy to treat acute heart failure: a systematic review. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2013; 13:365-73. [PMID: 23801482 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-013-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with decompensated heart failure frequently present with volume overload, which is conventionally treated with diuretics. These drugs have been associated with several adverse effects, including increased mortality, leading some clinicians to propose ultrafiltration as a safe alternative to remove sodium and water. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of ultrafiltration and conventional intravenous diuretic therapy for patients with acute heart failure and volume overload. DATA SOURCES We searched the following databases through November 2012: Cochrane Library (1993-), PubMed (1988-), OVID (1984-), EBSCO (1984-), CBM (1978-), VIP (1989-), and CNKI (1979-). In addition, we manually searched relevant references and review articles. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of ultrafiltration and intravenous diuretics in patients diagnosed with hypervolemic acute heart failure were included. Five trials were found to satisfy all the inclusion criteria. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility, assessed methodological quality and extracted the data. We analyzed the data and pooled them, when appropriate, using Revman 5.0. We assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook 5.0 for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, taking into account sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. RESULTS Data from the initial phase of five trials involving 477 participants were included. Meta-analysis of the pooled data showed that ultrafiltration was significantly better than diuretic drugs based on 48-h weight loss (Z = 3.72; P < 0.001, weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.25 kg, 95 % CI 0.59-1.91) and based on 48-h fluid removal (Z = 4.23; P < 0.001, WMD = 1.06 L, 95 % CI 0.57-1.56). Adverse events did not differ significantly between the ultrafiltration and intravenous diuretic treatment groups. LIMITATIONS There are several limitations to our review, including publication bias and selection bias. Our review included only a few studies involving relatively few participants. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggests that early ultrafiltration is safe and effective for patients with hypervolemic acute heart failure. It allows greater fluid removal and weight loss by 48 h than do intravenous diuretics, with no significant increase in adverse effects.
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Shchekochikhin D, Al Ammary F, Lindenfeld JA, Schrier R. Role of diuretics and ultrafiltration in congestive heart failure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:851-66. [PMID: 24276318 PMCID: PMC3816706 DOI: 10.3390/ph6070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume overload in heart failure (HF) results from neurohumoral activation causing renal sodium and water retention secondary to arterial underfilling. Volume overload not only causes signs and symptoms of congestion, but can impact myocardial remodeling and HF progression. Thus, treating congestion is a cornerstone of HF management. Loop diuretics are the most commonly used drugs in this setting. However, up to 30% of the patients with decompensated HF present with loop-diuretic resistance. A universally accepted definition of loop diuretic resistance, however, is lacking. Several approaches to treat diuretic-resistant HF are available, including addition of distal acting thiazide diuretics, natriuretic doses of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), or vasoactive drugs. Slow continuous veno-venous ultrafiltration is another option. Ultrafiltration, if it is started early in the course of HF decompensation, may result in prominent decongestion and a reduction in re-hospitalization. On the other hand, ultrafiltration in HF patients with worsening renal function and volume overload after aggressive treatment with loop diuretics, failed to show benefit compared to a stepwise pharmacological approach, including diuretics and vasoactive drugs. Early detection of congested HF patients for ultrafiltration treatment might improve decongestion and reduce readmission. However, the best patient characteristics and best timing of ultrafiltration requires further evaluation in randomized controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shchekochikhin
- University of Colorado Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, 12700 East 19th Avenue, C281, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Kazory A. Cardiorenal syndrome: ultrafiltration therapy for heart failure--trials and tribulations. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8:1816-28. [PMID: 23723339 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02910313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains the leading cause of hospitalization in older patients and is considered a growing public health problem with a significant financial burden on the health care system. The suboptimal efficacy and safety profile of diuretic-based therapeutic regimens coupled with unsatisfactory results of the studies on novel pharmacologic agents have positioned ultrafiltration on the forefront as an appealing therapeutic option for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). In recent years, substantial interest in the use of ultrafiltration has been generated due to the advent of dedicated portable devices and promising results of trials focusing both on mechanistic and clinical aspects of this therapeutic modality. This article briefly reviews the proposed benefits of ultrafiltration therapy in the setting of ADHF and summarizes the major findings of the currently available studies in this field. The results of more recent trials on cardiorenal syndrome that present a counterpoint to previous observations and highlight certain limitations of ultrafiltration therapy are then discussed, followed by identification of major challenges and unanswered questions that could potentially hinder its more widespread use. Future studies are warranted to shed light on less well characterized aspects of ultrafiltration therapy and to further define its role in ADHF and cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kazory
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Costanzo MR, Jessup M. Treatment of congestion in heart failure with diuretics and extracorporeal therapies: effects on symptoms, renal function, and prognosis. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:313-24. [PMID: 21559880 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the United States and Europe, approximately 90% of heart failure hospitalizations are due to symptoms and signs of sodium and fluid excess. Congestion is associated with heart failure progression. Venous congestion, rather than a reduced cardiac output, may be the primary hemodynamic factor driving worsening renal function in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. According to data from large national registries, approximately 40% of hospitalized heart failure patients are discharged with unresolved congestion, which may contribute to unacceptably high re-hospitalization rates. Diuretics reduce the symptoms and signs of fluid overload, but their effectiveness can be reduced by excess salt intake, underlying chronic kidney disease, renal adaptation to their action, and neurohormonal activation. In addition, the production of hypotonic urine limits the ability of loop diuretics to reduce total body sodium. Ultrafiltration is the mechanical removal of fluid from the vasculature. Hydrostatic pressure is applied to blood across a semipermeable membrane to separate isotonic plasma water from blood. Because solutes in blood freely cross the semipermeable membrane, fluid can be removed without causing significant changes in the serum concentration of electrolytes and other solutes. Relatively small, mostly single-center clinical studies of ultrafiltration have shown that removal of isotonic fluid may relieve symptoms of congestion and restore diuretic responsiveness in patients with diuretic resistance. These studies have also shown a favorable effect on neurohormonal activation. When compared with intravenous diuretics, ultrafiltration similarly changed dyspnea scores but reduced re-hospitalizations (28 of 87 patients (32%) versus 16 of 89 patients (18%), P < 0.037) in a randomized controlled trial of patients with decompensated heart failure. Future larger controlled clinical trials should evaluate further the effect of ultrafiltration on patients' outcomes, including survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Costanzo
- Midwest Heart Foundation, Edward Heart Hospital, 4th Floor, 801 South Washington Street, P.O. Box 3226, Naperville, IL 60566, USA.
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Abstract
Lung function abnormalities both at rest and during exercise are frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure, also in the absence of respiratory disease. Alterations of respiratory mechanics and of gas exchange capacity are strictly related to heart failure. Severe heart failure patients often show a restrictive respiratory pattern, secondary to heart enlargement and increased lung fluids, and impairment of alveolar-capillary gas diffusion, mainly due to an increased resistance to molecular diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane. Reduced gas diffusion contributes to exercise intolerance and to a worse prognosis. Cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the “gold standard” when studying the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise in cardiac patients. During exercise, hyperventilation and consequent reduction of ventilation efficiency are often observed in heart failure patients, resulting in an increased slope of ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) relationship. Ventilatory efficiency is as strong prognostic and an important stratification marker. This paper describes the pulmonary abnormalities at rest and during exercise in the patients with heart failure, highlighting the principal diagnostic tools for evaluation of lungs function, the possible pharmacological interventions, and the parameters that could be useful in prognostic assessment of heart failure patients.
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Scarlata S, Costanzo L, Giua R, Pedone C, Incalzi RA. Diagnosis and prognostic value of restrictive ventilatory disorders in the elderly: A systematic review of the literature. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:281-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bart BA, Goldsmith SR, Lee KL, Redfield MM, Felker GM, O'Connor CM, Chen HH, Rouleau JL, Givertz MM, Semigran MJ, Mann D, Deswal A, Bull DA, Lewinter MM, Braunwald E. Cardiorenal rescue study in acute decompensated heart failure: rationale and design of CARRESS-HF, for the Heart Failure Clinical Research Network. J Card Fail 2012; 18:176-82. [PMID: 22385937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worsening renal function is common among patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). When this occurs, subsequent management decisions often pit the desire for effective decongestion against concerns about further worsening renal function. There are no evidence-based treatments or guidelines to assist in these difficult management decisions. Ultrafiltration is a potentially attractive alternative to loop diuretics for the management of fluid overload in patients with ADHF and worsening renal function. METHODS AND RESULTS The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart Failure Clinical Research Network designed a clinical trial to determine if ultrafiltration results in improved renal function and relief of congestion compared with stepped pharmacologic care when assessed 96 hours after randomization in patients with ADHF and cardiorenal syndrome. Enrollment began in June 2008. This paper describes the rationale and design of the Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARRESS-HF). CONCLUSIONS Treating the signs and symptoms of congestion in ADHF is often complicated by worsening renal function. CARRESS-HF compares treatment strategies (ultrafiltration vs stepped pharmacologic care) for the management of worsening renal function in patients with ADHF. The results of the CARRESS-HF trial are expected to provide information and evidence as to the most appropriate approaches for treating this challenging patient population.
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Costanzo MR, Cozzolino M, Aspromonte N, Mistrorigo F, Valle R, Ronco C. Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration in Heart Failure and Cardio-Renal Syndromes. Semin Nephrol 2012; 32:100-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ross EA, Kazory A. Ultrafiltration Therapy for Cardiorenal Syndrome: Physiologic Basis and Contemporary Options. Blood Purif 2012; 34:149-57. [DOI: 10.1159/000342080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Miñana G, Núñez J, Bañuls P, Sanchis J, Núñez E, Robles R, Mascarell B, Palau P, Chorro FJ, Llàcer A. Prognostic implications of arterial blood gases in acute decompensated heart failure. Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:489-94. [PMID: 21925058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of arterial blood gases (ABG) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is not well-established. We therefore conducted the present study to determine the relationship between ABG on admission and long-term mortality in patients with ADHF. METHODS We studied 588 patients consecutively admitted to our department with ADHF. ABG and classical prognostic variables were determined at patients' arrival to the emergency department. The independent association among the main variables of ABG (pO2, pCO2 and pH) and mortality was assessed with Cox regression analysis. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 23months, 221 deaths (37.6%) were registered. 308 (52.4%), 54 (9.2%) and 50 (8.5%) patients showed hypoxemia (pO2<60mmHg), hypercapnia (pCO2>50mmHg) and acidosis (pH<7.35), respectively. Patients with hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis did not show higher mortality rates (38% vs. 37.1%, 42.6% vs. 37.1%, and 48% vs. 36.6%, respectively; p-value=ns for all comparisons). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for well-known prognostic covariates, pO2, pCO2 and pH did not show a significant association with mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) for these variables were: pO2, per increase in 10mmHg: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.90-1.09), p=0.861; pCO2, per increase in 10mmHg: 1.12 (95% CI: 0.91-1.39), p=0.262; pH per increase in 0.1: 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99-1.04), p=0.309. When dichotomizing these variables according to established cut-points, the HR were: hypoxemia (pO2<60mmHg):1.07 (95% CI: 0.81-1.40), p=0.637; hypercapnia (pCO2>50mmHg): 0.98 (95% CI: 0.62-1.57), p=0.952; acidosis (pH<7.35): 1.38 (95% CI: 0.87-2.19), p=0.173. CONCLUSION In patients admitted with ADHF, admission arterial pO2, pCO2 and pH were not associated with all-cause long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Miñana
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Hanna MA, Wilson Tang W, Teo BW, O’Neill JO, Weinstein DM, Lau SM, Van Lente F, Starling RC, Paganini EP, Taylor DO. Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration vs Conventional Diuretic Therapy in Advanced Decompensated Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:54-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fiaccadori E, Regolisti G, Maggiore U, Parenti E, Cremaschi E, Detrenis S, Caiazza A, Cabassi A. Ultrafiltration in heart failure. Am Heart J 2011; 161:439-49. [PMID: 21392597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluid overload is a key pathophysiologic mechanism underlying both the acute decompensation episodes of heart failure and the progression of the syndrome. Moreover, it represents the most important factor responsible for the high readmission rates observed in these patients and is often associated with renal function worsening, which by itself increases mortality risk. In this clinical context, ultrafiltration (UF) has been proposed as an alternative to diuretics to obtain a quicker relief of pulmonary/systemic congestion. This review illustrates technical issues, mechanisms, efficacy, safety, costs, and indications of UF in heart failure. The available evidence does not support the widespread use of UF as a substitute for diuretic therapy. Owing to its operative characteristics, UF cannot be expected to directly influence serum electrolyte levels, azotemia, and acid-base balance, or to remove high-molecular-weight substances (eg, cytokines) in clinically relevant amounts. Ultrafiltration should be used neither as a quicker way to achieve a sort of mechanical diuresis nor as a remedy for an inadequately prescribed and administered diuretic therapy. Instead, it should be reserved to selected patients with advanced heart failure and true diuretic resistance, as part of a more complex strategy aiming at an adequate control of fluid retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fiaccadori
- Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Nefrologia e Scienze della Prevenzione, Universita' degli Studi di Parma, Italy.
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