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Guha A, Popov T, Bartholomew ME, Reed AC, Diehl CK, Subotnik KL, Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Miller GA, Yee CM. Task-based default mode network connectivity predicts cognitive impairment and negative symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychophysiology 2024:e14627. [PMID: 38924105 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) demonstrate difficulty distinguishing between internally and externally generated stimuli. These aberrations in "source monitoring" have been theorized as contributing to symptoms of the disorder, including hallucinations and delusions. Altered connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) of the brain has been proposed as a mechanism through which discrimination between self-generated and externally generated events is disrupted. Source monitoring abnormalities in SZ have additionally been linked to impairments in selective attention and inhibitory processing, which are reliably observed via the N100 component of the event-related brain potential elicited during an auditory paired-stimulus paradigm. Given overlapping constructs associated with DMN connectivity and N100 in SZ, the present investigation evaluated relationships between these measures of disorder-related dysfunction and sought to clarify the nature of task-based DMN function in SZ. DMN connectivity and N100 measures were assessed using EEG recorded from SZ during their first episode of illness (N = 52) and demographically matched healthy comparison participants (N = 25). SZ demonstrated less evoked theta-band connectivity within DMN following presentation of pairs of identical auditory stimuli than HC. Greater DMN connectivity among SZ was associated with better performance on measures of sustained attention (p = .03) and working memory (p = .09), as well as lower severity of negative symptoms, though it was not predictive of N100 measures. Together, present findings provide EEG evidence of lower task-based connectivity among first-episode SZ, reflecting disruptions of DMN functions that support cognitive processes. Attentional processes captured by N100 appear to be supported by different neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Guha
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, Methods of Plasticity Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Morgan E Bartholomew
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra C Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caroline K Diehl
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth L Subotnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cindy M Yee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Kruiper C, Sommer IEC, Koster M, Bakker PR, Durston S, Oranje B. Clonidine augmentation in patients with schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:148-154. [PMID: 36989672 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noradrenergic imbalance in the brain of schizophrenia patients may underlie both symptomatology and deficits in basic information processing. The current study investigated whether augmentation with the noradrenergic α2-agonist clonidine might alleviate these symptoms. METHODS In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 32 chronic schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to six-weeks augmentation with either 50 μg clonidine or placebo to their current medication. Effects on symptom severity and both sensory- and sensorimotor gating were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-weeks. Results were compared with 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) who received no treatment. RESULTS Only patients treated with clonidine showed significantly reduced PANSS negative, general and total scores at follow-up compared to baseline. On average, also patients treated with placebo showed minor (non-significant) reductions in these scores, likely indicating a placebo effect. Sensorimotor gating of patients was significantly lower at baseline compared to controls. It increased in patients treated with clonidine over the treatment period, whereas it decreased in both the HC and patients treated with placebo. However, neither treatment nor group effects were found in sensory gating. Clonidine treatment was very well tolerated. CONCLUSION Only patients treated with clonidine showed a significant decrease on two out of the three PANSS subscales, while additionally retained their levels of sensorimotor gating. Given that there are only a few reports on effective treatment for negative symptoms in particular, our current results support augmentation of antipsychotics with clonidine as a promising, low-cost and safe treatment strategy for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Kruiper
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RUG), department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Koster
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Roberto Bakker
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Durston
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Oranje
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Perrottelli A, Giordano GM, Brando F, Giuliani L, Pezzella P, Mucci A, Galderisi S. Unveiling the Associations between EEG Indices and Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092193. [PMID: 36140594 PMCID: PMC9498272 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions represent a core feature of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders due to their presence throughout different illness stages and their impact on functioning. Abnormalities in electrophysiology (EEG) measures are highly related to these impairments, but the use of EEG indices in clinical practice is still limited. A systematic review of articles using Pubmed, Scopus and PsychINFO was undertaken in November 2021 to provide an overview of the relationships between EEG indices and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Out of 2433 screened records, 135 studies were included in a qualitative review. Although the results were heterogeneous, some significant correlations were identified. In particular, abnormalities in alpha, theta and gamma activity, as well as in MMN and P300, were associated with impairments in cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, visual and verbal learning and executive functioning during at-risk mental states, early and chronic stages of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The review suggests that machine learning approaches together with a careful selection of validated EEG and cognitive indices and characterization of clinical phenotypes might contribute to increase the use of EEG-based measures in clinical settings.
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Wang B, Zartaloudi E, Linden JF, Bramon E. Neurophysiology in psychosis: The quest for disease biomarkers. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:100. [PMID: 35277479 PMCID: PMC8917164 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders affect 3% of the population at some stage in life, are a leading cause of disability, and impose a great economic burden on society. Major breakthroughs in the genetics of psychosis have not yet been matched by an understanding of its neurobiology. Biomarkers of perception and cognition obtained through non-invasive neurophysiological tools, especially EEG, offer a unique opportunity to gain mechanistic insights. Techniques for measuring neurophysiological markers are inexpensive and ubiquitous, thus having the potential as an accessible tool for patient stratification towards early treatments leading to better outcomes. In this paper, we review the literature on neurophysiological markers for psychosis and their relevant disease mechanisms, mainly covering event-related potentials including P50/N100 sensory gating, mismatch negativity, and the N100 and P300 waveforms. While several neurophysiological deficits are well established in patients with psychosis, more research is needed to study neurophysiological markers in their unaffected relatives and individuals at clinical high risk. We need to harness EEG to investigate markers of disease risk as key steps to elucidate the aetiology of psychosis and facilitate earlier detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihan Wang
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Eirini Zartaloudi
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jennifer F Linden
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Şahin D, Hever F, Bossert M, Herwig K, Aschenbrenner S, Weisbrod M, Sharma A. Early and middle latency auditory event-related potentials do not explain differences in neuropsychological performance between schizophrenia spectrum patients and matched healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114162. [PMID: 34380086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of early and middle latency auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) are widespread in schizophrenia and have been suggested to be associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. In this cross-sectional study with schizophrenia patients (n=30) and psychiatrically healthy counterparts (n=31) (matched for age, sex, education), we investigated whether auditory information processing (measured via amplitudes and gating of the auditory ERPs P50, N100 and P200) correlates with neuropsychological performance across cognitive domains. The groups differed significantly in amplitudes and gating of N100 and P200 potentials as well as in neuropsychological performance, but not in P50 amplitude and gating. Neither amplitudes nor gating of auditory ERPs correlated with neuropsychological performance. Neuropsychological intergroup differences could not be explained by abnormalities in auditory information processing. Although pronounced impairments exist on the levels of both auditory information processing and cognitive performance in schizophrenia, these abnormalities are not directly associated with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Şahin
- Research Group Neurocognition, Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Felix Hever
- Research Group Neurocognition, Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Bossert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Hospital Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Herwig
- Research Group Neurocognition, Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Aschenbrenner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Hospital Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Research Group Neurocognition, Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Hospital Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Research Group Neurocognition, Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Atagun MI, Drukker M, Hall MH, Altun IK, Tatli SZ, Guloksuz S, van Os J, van Amelsvoort T. Meta-analysis of auditory P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111078. [PMID: 32361172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the brain to reduce the amount of trivial or redundant sensory inputs is called gating function. Dysfunction of sensory gating may lead to cognitive fragmentation and poor real-world functioning. The auditory dual-click paradigm is a pertinent neurophysiological measure of sensory gating function. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the subcomponents of abnormal P50 waveforms in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia to assess P50 sensory gating deficits and examine effects of diagnoses, illness states (first-episode psychosis vs. schizophrenia, remission vs. episodes in bipolar disorder), and treatment status (medication-free vs. medicated). Literature search of PubMed between Jan 1st 1980 and March 31st 2019 identified 2091 records for schizophrenia, 362 for bipolar disorder. 115 studies in schizophrenia (4932 patients), 16 in bipolar disorder (975 patients) and 10 in first-degree relatives (848 subjects) met the inclusion criteria. P50 sensory gating ratio (S2/S1) and S1-S2 difference were significantly altered in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. First-episode psychosis did not differ from schizophrenia, however episodes altered P50 sensory gating in bipolar disorder. Medications improve P50 sensory gating alterations in schizophrenia significantly and at trend level in bipolar disorder. Future studies should examine longitudinal course of P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ilhan Atagun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Universities Region, Ihsan Dogramaci Boulevard. No: 6, Bilkent, Cankaya, Ankara Turkey.
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mei Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilkay Keles Altun
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Higher Education Training and Education Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; King's Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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7
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Association of cognitive and P50 suppression deficits in chronic patients with schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:725-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Kim HK, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia-P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32848953 PMCID: PMC7426515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating ("P50") and mismatch negativity (MMN), which measure sensory gating and detection of change in auditory stimuli, respectively, are consistently shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may also be a potential method by which sensory processing can be assessed, since TMS paradigms can be used to measure GABAB-mediated cortical inhibition that is linked with sensory gating. In this review, we examine the potential of P50, MMN and two TMS paradigms, cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as endophenotypes as well as their ability to be used as predictive markers for interventions targeted at cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Studies consistently support a link between MMN, P50, and cognitive dysfunction, with robust evidence for a link between MMN and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia as well. Importantly, studies have demonstrated that MMN can be used to predict performance in social and cognitive training tasks. A growing body of studies also supports the potential of MMN to be used as an endophenotype, and future studies are needed to determine if MMN can be used as an endophenotype specifically in schizophrenia. P50, however, has weaker evidence supporting its use as an endophenotype. While CSP and LICI are not as extensively investigated, growing evidence is supporting their potential to be used as an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Future studies that assess the ability of P50, MMN, and TMS neurophysiological measures to predict performance in cognitive and social training programs may identify markers that inform clinical decisions in the treatment of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Lee JH, Lee MY, Chung PS, Jung JY. Photobiomodulation using low-level 808 nm diode laser rescues cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure in rat. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900145. [PMID: 31240853 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A certain degree of noise can cause hearing problems without a permanent change in the hearing threshold, which is called hidden hearing loss and results from partial loss of auditory synapses. Photobiomodulation (PBM) enhances neural growth and connections in the peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we assessed whether PBM could rescue cochlear synaptopathy after acoustic overexposure in rat. PBM was performed for 7 days after noise exposure. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were acquired before and after noise exposure using a tone and a paired-click stimulus. Auditory response to paired click sound with short time interval was performed to evaluate auditory temporal processing ability. In the result, hearing threshold recovered 2 weeks after noise exposure in both groups. Peak wave 1 amplitude of the ABR and ABR recovery threshold did not recover in the noise only group, whereas it fully recovered in the noise + PBM group. The number of synaptic ribbons was significantly different in the control and noise only groups, while there was no difference between the control and noise + PBM group. These results indicate that PBM rescued peak wave 1 amplitude and maintained the auditory temporal processing ability resulting from a loss of synaptic ribbons after acoustic overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Interdiscriplinary Program for Medical Laser, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Interdiscriplinary Program for Medical Laser, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Interdiscriplinary Program for Medical Laser, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Interdiscriplinary Program for Medical Laser, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
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10
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Aleksandrov AA, Dmitrieva ES, Volnova AB, Knyazeva VM, Polyakova NV, Ptukha MA, Gainetdinov RR. Effect of alpha-NETA on auditory event related potentials in sensory gating study paradigm in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ward KR, Featherstone RE, Naschek MJ, Melnychenko O, Banerjee A, Yi J, Gifford RL, Borgmann-Winter KE, Salter MW, Hahn CG, Siegel SJ. Src deficient mice demonstrate behavioral and electrophysiological alterations relevant to psychiatric and developmental disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:84-92. [PMID: 30826459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence suggests that hypofunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) may contribute broadly towards a subset of molecular, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities common among psychiatric and developmental diseases. However, little is known about the specific molecular changes that lead to NMDAR dysfunction. As such, personalized approaches to remediating NMDAR dysfunction based on a specific etiology remains a challenge. Sarcoma tyrosine kinase (Src) serves as a hub for multiple signaling mechanisms affecting GluN2 phosphorylation and can be disrupted by convergent alterations of various signaling pathways. We recently showed reduced Src signaling in post mortem tissue from schizophrenia patients, despite increased MK-801 binding and NMDA receptor complex expression in the postsynaptic density (PSD). These data suggest that Src dysregulation may be an important underlying mechanism responsible for reduced glutamate signaling. Despite this evidence for a central role of Src in NMDAR signaling, little is known about how reductions in Src activity might regulate phenotypic changes in cognition and behavior. As such, the current study sought to characterize behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in mice heterozygous for the Src Acl gene (Src+/- mice). Src+/- mice demonstrated decreased sociability and working memory relative to Src+/+ (WT) mice while no significant differences were seen on locomotive activity and anxiety-related behavior. In relation to WT mice, Src+/- mice showed decreased mid-latency P20 auditory event related potential (aERP) amplitudes, decreased mismatch negativity (MMN) and decreased evoked gamma power, which was only present in males. These data indicate that Src+/- mice are a promising new model to help understand the pathophysiology of these electrophysiological, behavioral and cognitive changes. As such, we propose that Src+/- mice can be used in the future to evaluate potential therapeutic approaches by targeting increased Src activity as a common final pathway for multiple etiologies of SCZ and other diseases characterized by reduced glutamate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn R Ward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert E Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Melissa J Naschek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Olga Melnychenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anamika Banerjee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Janice Yi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Raymond L Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Michael W Salter
- Program in Neurosciences &Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Cromwell HC. Translating striatal activity from brain slice to whole animal neurophysiology: A guide for neuroscience research integrating diverse levels of analysis. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1528-1545. [PMID: 31257656 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An important goal of this review is highlighting research in neuroscience as examples of multilevel functional and anatomical analyses addressing basic science issues and applying results to the understanding of diverse disorders. The research of Dr. Michael Levine, a leader in neuroscience, exemplifies this approach by uncovering fundamental properties of basal ganglia function and translating these findings to clinical applications. The review focuses on neurophysiological research connecting results from in vitro and in vivo recordings. A second goal is to utilize these research connections to produce novel, accurate descriptions for corticostriatal processing involved in varied, complex functions. Medium spiny neurons in striatum act as integrators combining input with baseline activity creating motivational "events." Basic research on corticostriatal synapses is described and links developed to issues with clinical relevance such as inhibitory gating, self-injurious behavior, and relative reward valuation. Work is highlighted on dopamine-glutamate interactions. Individual medium spiny neurons express both D1 and D2 receptors and encode information in a bivalent manner depending upon the mix of receptors involved. Current work on neurophysiology of reward processing has taken advantage of these basic approaches at the cellular and molecular levels. Future directions in studying physiology of reward processing and action sequencing could profit by incorporating the divergent ways dopamine modulates incoming neurochemical signals. Primary investigators leading research teams should mirror Mike Levine's efforts in "climbing the mountain" of scientific inquiry by performing analyses at different levels of inquiry, integrating the findings, and building comprehensive answers to problems unsolvable without this bold approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Casey Cromwell
- Department of Psychology and John Paul Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
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13
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Choueiry J, Blais CM, Shah D, Smith D, Fisher D, Illivitsky V, Knott V. Combining CDP-choline and galantamine: Effects of a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist strategy on P50 sensory gating of speech sounds in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:688-699. [PMID: 30920339 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119836217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and relatives have deficits in early cortical sensory gating (SG) typically measured by suppression of electroencephalography-derived P50 event-related potentials (ERPs) in a conditioning-testing (S1-S2) paradigm. Associated with alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) dysfunction and shown to be improved with nicotine and α7 nAChR agonists, SG has recently been shown to be improved in low P50 suppressing SCZ patients following acute CDP-choline treatment. AIMS This pilot study in healthy humans assessed the SG effects of an α7 nAChR strategy combining CDP-choline with galantamine, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of nAChRs, aimed at increasing and prolonging nicotinic receptor activity. METHODS The combined effect of CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg) on speech P50 gating indices rP50 (S2/S1) and dP50 (S1-S2) was examined in 30 healthy participants stratified into low and high baseline P50 suppressors in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and counterbalanced design. RESULTS In low suppressors, CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. placebo) improved rP50 and dP50 gating, and reduced S2P50 amplitudes. No P50 gating effects were observed in high suppressors; however, CDP-choline/galantamine (vs. placebo) increased their S2P50 amplitudes. CONCLUSION Findings from this pilot study with CDP-choline/galantamine in a healthy, SCZ-like surrogate deficient gating sample are consistent with the association of α7 nAChR mechanisms in SG impairment in SCZ and support further research trials with CDP-choline and galantamine targeting sensory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Choueiry
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal M Blais
- 2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- 3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- 3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Fisher
- 4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Verner Knott
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,3 School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,5 The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,6 University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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Voss P, Thomas ME, Guercio GD, de Villers-Sidani E. Dysregulation of auditory neuroplasticity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 207:3-11. [PMID: 29703662 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex brain syndrome characterized by an array of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech), negative symptoms (alogia, apathy, avolition) and cognitive impairments (memory, executive functions). Although investigations of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have primarily concentrated on disturbances affecting higher-order cognitive processes, there is an increasing realization that schizophrenia also affects early sensory processing, which might, in fact, play a significant role in the development of higher-order cognitive impairments. Recent evidence suggests that many of these early sensory processing impairments possibly arise from a dysregulation of plasticity regulators in schizophrenia, resulting in either reduced plasticity or excessive unregulated plasticity. The purpose of the present manuscript is to provide a concise overview of how the dysregulation of cortical plasticity mechanisms contributes to schizophrenia symptoms with an emphasis on auditory dysplasticity and to discuss its relevance for treatment outcomes. The idea that plasticity mechanisms are not constrained only within sensitive periods suggests that many functional properties of sensory neurons can be altered throughout the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Voss
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Maryse E Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gerson D Guercio
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Etienne de Villers-Sidani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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15
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Morsel AM, Morrens M, Dhar M, Sabbe B. Systematic review of cognitive event related potentials in euthymic bipolar disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1854-1865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Gault JM, Davis R, Cascella NG, Saks ER, Corripio-Collado I, Anderson WS, Olincy A, Thompson JA, Pomarol-Clotet E, Sawa A, Daskalakis ZJ, Lipsman N, Abosch A. Approaches to neuromodulation for schizophrenia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:777-787. [PMID: 29242310 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Based on the success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treating movement disorders, there is growing interest in using DBS to treat schizophrenia (SZ). We review the unmet needs of patients with SZ and the scientific rationale behind the DBS targets proposed in the literature in order to guide future development of DBS to treat this vulnerable patient population. SZ remains a devastating disorder despite treatment. Relapse, untreated psychosis, intolerable side effects and the lack of effective treatment for negative and cognitive symptoms contribute to poor outcome. Novel therapeutic interventions are needed to treat SZ and DBS is emerging as a potential intervention. Convergent genetic, pharmacological and neuroimaging evidence implicating neuropathology associated with psychosis is consistent with SZ being a circuit disorder amenable to striatal modulation with DBS. Many of the DBS targets proposed in the literature may modulate striatal dysregulation. Additional targets are considered for treating tardive dyskinesia and negative and cognitive symptoms. A need is identified for the concurrent development of neurophysiological biomarkers relevant to SZ pathology in order to inform DBS targeting. Finally, we discuss the current clinical trials of DBS for SZ, and their ethical considerations. We conclude that patients with severe symptoms despite treatment must have the capacity to consent for a DBS clinical trial in which risks can be estimated, but benefit is not known. In addition, psychiatric populations should have access to the potential benefits of neurosurgical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Gault
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado at Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicola G Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elyn R Saks
- University of Southern California Law School, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Iluminada Corripio-Collado
- Psychiatric Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado at Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aviva Abosch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado at Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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17
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Abstract
In this paper we describe an open-access collection of multimodal neuroimaging data in schizophrenia for release to the community. Data were acquired from approximately 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 age-matched controls during rest as well as several task activation paradigms targeting a hierarchy of cognitive constructs. Neuroimaging data include structural MRI, functional MRI, diffusion MRI, MR spectroscopic imaging, and magnetoencephalography. For three of the hypothesis-driven projects, task activation paradigms were acquired on subsets of ~200 volunteers which examined a range of sensory and cognitive processes (e.g., auditory sensory gating, auditory/visual multisensory integration, visual transverse patterning). Neuropsychological data were also acquired and genetic material via saliva samples were collected from most of the participants and have been typed for both genome-wide polymorphism data as well as genome-wide methylation data. Some results are also presented from the individual studies as well as from our data-driven multimodal analyses (e.g., multimodal examinations of network structure and network dynamics and multitask fMRI data analysis across projects). All data will be released through the Mind Research Network's collaborative informatics and neuroimaging suite (COINS).
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18
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Aidelbaum R, Labelle A, Baddeley A, Knott V. Assessing the acute effects of CDP-choline on sensory gating in schizophrenia: A pilot study. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:541-551. [PMID: 29338621 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117746903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficient sensory gating (SG) in schizophrenia is associated with functional outcome and offers a therapeutic target as it is linked to the altered function/expression of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This study analyzed the effects of citicoline (CDP-choline), a supplement with α7 nAChRs agonist properties, on SG in a sample of schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design the dose-dependent (500 mg, 1000 mg, 2000 mg) and baseline-dependent (deficient versus normal suppressors) effects of CDP-choline on SG were examined using the P50 event-related potential (ERP) index of SG. Overall analysis failed to demonstrate treatment effects but CDP-choline improved SG (500 mg) in the deficient SZ subgroup by increasing suppression of the S2 P50 amplitude. These findings tentatively support α7 nAChR dysfunction in the expression of SG deficits and suggest further trials to assess the effects of sustained α7 nAChR activation on SG with low doses of CDP-choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aidelbaum
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, ON, Canada.,2 Department of Psychology, Carleton University, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- 3 Schizophrenia Program, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Baddeley
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, ON, Canada
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19
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Hamilton HK, Williams TJ, Ventura J, Jasperse LJ, Owens EM, Miller GA, Subotnik KL, Nuechterlein KH, Yee CM. Clinical and Cognitive Significance of Auditory Sensory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:275-283. [PMID: 29202656 PMCID: PMC5832530 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired suppression of the P50 event-related brain potential in response to the second of two identical auditory stimuli during a paired-stimulus paradigm, uncertainty remains over whether this deficit in inhibitory gating of auditory sensory processes has relevance for patients' clinical symptoms or cognitive performance. The authors examined associations between P50 suppression deficits and several core features of schizophrenia to address this gap. METHOD P50 was recorded from 52 patients with schizophrenia and 41 healthy comparison subjects during a standard auditory paired-stimulus task. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was utilized to measure cognitive performance in a subsample of 39 patients. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine P50 suppression in relation to clinical symptom and cognitive performance measures. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients demonstrated a deficit in P50 suppression when compared with healthy subjects, replicating prior research. Within the patient sample, impaired P50 suppression covaried reliably with greater difficulties in attention, poorer working memory, and reduced processing speed. CONCLUSIONS Impaired suppression of auditory stimuli was associated with core pathological features of schizophrenia, increasing confidence that P50 inhibitory processing can inform the development of interventions that target cognitive impairments in this chronic and debilitating mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K. Hamilton
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Francisco VA Health Care System and the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Joseph Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Emily M. Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Gregory A. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kenneth L. Subotnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Keith H. Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Cindy M. Yee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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20
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Qi R, Li J, Wu X, Geng X, Chen N, Yu H. Effects of Ketamine on Basal Gamma Band Oscillation and Sensory Gating in Prefrontal Cortex of Awake Rats. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:457-464. [PMID: 29380249 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xujun Wu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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21
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Smucny J, Tregellas JR. Targeting neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia with nicotine: Evidence from neurophysiology to neuroimaging. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:801-811. [PMID: 28441884 PMCID: PMC5963521 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117705071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia self-administer nicotine at rates higher than is self-administered for any other psychiatric illness. Although the reasons are unclear, one hypothesis suggests that nicotine is a form of 'self-medication' in order to restore normal levels of nicotinic signaling and target abnormalities in neuronal function associated with cognitive processes. This brief review discusses evidence from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients that nicotinic agonists may effectively target dysfunctional neuronal circuits in the illness. Evidence suggests that nicotine significantly modulates a number of these circuits, although relatively few studies have used modern neuroimaging techniques (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) to examine the effects of nicotinic drugs on disease-related neurobiology. The neuronal effects of nicotine and other nicotinic agonists in schizophrenia remain a priority for psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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22
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Takeuchi N, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M. New paradigm for auditory paired pulse suppression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177747. [PMID: 28542290 PMCID: PMC5436751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a mechanism of sensory processing used to prevent an overflow of irrelevant information, with some indexes, such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) and P50 suppression, often utilized for its evaluation. In addition, those are clinically important for diseases such as schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated long-latency paired-pulse suppression of change-related cortical responses using magnetoencephalography. The test change-related response was evoked by an abrupt increase in sound pressure by 15 dB in a continuous sound composed of a train of 25-ms pure tones at 65 dB. By inserting a leading change stimulus (prepulse), we observed suppression of the test response. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of conditioning-test intervals (CTI) using a 25-ms pure tone at 80 dB as both the test and prepulse. Our results showed clear suppression of the test response peaking at a CTI of 600 ms, while maximum inhibition was approximately 30%. In Experiment 2, the effects of sound pressure on prepulse were examined by inserting prepulses 600 ms prior to the test stimulus. We found that a paired-pulse suppression greater than 25% was obtained by prepulses larger than 77 dB, i.e., 12 dB louder than the background, suggesting that long latency suppression requires a relatively strong prepulse to obtain adequate suppression, different than short-latency paired-pulse suppression reported in previous studies. In Experiment 3, we confirmed similar levels of suppression using electroencephalography. These results suggested that two identical change stimuli spaced by 600 ms were appropriate for observing the long-latency inhibition. The present method requires only a short inspection time and is non-invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Institute of Human Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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23
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Hutchison AK, Hunter SK, Wagner BD, Calvin EA, Zerbe GO, Ross RG. Diminished Infant P50 Sensory Gating Predicts Increased 40-Month-Old Attention, Anxiety/Depression, and Externalizing Symptoms. J Atten Disord 2017; 21:209-218. [PMID: 23757333 PMCID: PMC5849461 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713488824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When behavioral problems resulting from attentional difficulties present, often in preschool, it is unknown whether these problems represent preexisting altered brain development or new brain changes. This study examines whether infant sensory gating of auditory evoked potentials predicts parent-reported behavior at 40 months. METHOD P50 sensory gating, an auditory evoked potential measure reflective of inhibitory processes in the brain, was measured in 50 infants around 70 days old. Parents, using the Child Behavior Checklist, reported on the child's behavior at 40 months. RESULTS Controlling for gender, infants with diminished sensory gating had more problems later with externalizing behavior ( F = 4.17, ndf = 1, ddf = 46, p = .047), attentional problems ( F = 5.23, ndf = 1, ddf = 46, p = .027), and anxious/depressed symptoms ( F = 5.36, ndf = 1, ddf = 46, p = .025). CONCLUSION Diminished infant P50 sensory gating predicts attention symptoms 3 years later. These results support the hypothesis that preschool attentional dysfunction may relate to altered brain development that is detectable years prior to symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary O Zerbe
- 1 University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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24
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Sensory Gating Deficits in First-Episode Psychosis: Evidence From Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology, and Neuropsychology. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016; 204:877-884. [PMID: 27483114 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sensory gating deficits are commonly found in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is still scarce research on this issue. Thirty-eight patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) were compared to thirty-eight controls. A condition-test paradigm of event-related potentials (ERP), prepulse inhibition (PPI), and some specific tasks of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used (i.e., TMT, BACS-SC, and Fluency for processing speed and CPT-IP for attention and vigilance). The ERP components measured were P50, N1, and P2. The PPI intervals examined were 30, 60, and 120 msec. Regarding the MCCB, processing speed and attention/vigilance cognitive domains were selected. FEP patients showed significant deficits in N1 and P2 components, at 30 and 60 PPI levels and in all the MCCB subtests selected. We obtained significant relationships in N1 with PPI-60, and with one MCCB subtest for processing speed. In addition, this same subtest showed significant association with P2. Therefore, sensory gating functioning is widely impaired since the very early stages of schizophrenia.
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25
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Griebel G, Pichat P, Boulay D, Naimoli V, Potestio L, Featherstone R, Sahni S, Defex H, Desvignes C, Slowinski F, Vigé X, Bergis OE, Sher R, Kosley R, Kongsamut S, Black MD, Varty GB. The mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator, SAR218645, improves memory and attention deficits in translational models of cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35320. [PMID: 27734956 PMCID: PMC5062470 DOI: 10.1038/srep35320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Normalization of altered glutamate neurotransmission through activation of the mGluR2 has emerged as a new approach to treat schizophrenia. These studies describe a potent brain penetrant mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), SAR218645. The compound behaves as a selective PAM of mGluR2 in recombinant and native receptor expression systems, increasing the affinity of glutamate at mGluR2 as inferred by competition and GTPγ35S binding assays. SAR218645 augmented the mGluR2-mediated response to glutamate in a rat recombinant mGluR2 forced-coupled Ca2+ mobilization assay. SAR218645 potentiated mGluR2 agonist-induced contralateral turning. When SAR218645 was tested in models of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, it reduced head twitch behavior induced by DOI, but it failed to inhibit conditioned avoidance and hyperactivity using pharmacological and transgenic models. Results from experiments in models of the cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia showed that SAR218645 improved MK-801-induced episodic memory deficits in rats and attenuated working memory impairment in NMDA Nr1neo-/- mice. The drug reversed disrupted latent inhibition and auditory-evoked potential in mice and rats, respectively, two endophenotypes of schizophrenia. This profile positions SAR218645 as a promising candidate for the treatment of cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, in particular those with abnormal attention and sensory gating abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Griebel
- Sanofi R&D, Strategy, Science Policy &External Innovation, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Philippe Pichat
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Sciences Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Denis Boulay
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Sciences Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Lisa Potestio
- Sanofi R&D, 1041 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Defex
- Sanofi R&D, 1041 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Xavier Vigé
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Sciences Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Rosy Sher
- Sanofi R&D, 1041 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Mark D Black
- Sanofi R&D, 1041 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
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26
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Huang H, Ya J, Wu Z, Wen C, Zheng S, Tian C, Ren H, Carlson S, Yu H, Chen F, Jianhong W. Dose-Dependent Changes in Auditory Sensory Gating in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Cynomolgus Monkey. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1752-60. [PMID: 27218151 PMCID: PMC4920095 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating, often described as the ability to filter out irrelevant information that is repeated in close temporal proximity, is essential for the selection, processing, and storage of more salient information. This study aimed to test the effect of sensory gating under anesthesia in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys following injection of bromocriptine, haloperidol, and phencyclidine (PCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used an auditory evoked potential that can be elicited by sound to examine sensory gating during treatment with haloperidol, bromocriptine, and PCP in the PFC in the cynomolgus monkey. Scalp electrodes were located in the bilateral PFC and bilateral temporal, bilateral parietal, and occipital lobes. Administration of bromocriptine (0.313 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, and 1.25 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.001 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, and 0.05 mg/kg), and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist PCP (0.3 mg/kg) influenced sensory gating. RESULTS We demonstrated the following: (1) Administration of mid-dose bromocriptine disrupted sensory gating (N100) in the right temporal lobe, while neither low-dose nor high-dose bromocriptine impaired gating. (2) Low-dose haloperidol impaired gating in the right prefrontal cortex. Mid-dose haloperidol disrupted sensory gating in left occipital lobe. High-dose haloperidol had no obvious effect on sensory gating. (3) Gating was impaired by PCP in the left parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Our studies showed that information processing was regulated by the dopaminergic system, which might play an important role in the PFC. The dopaminergic system influenced sensory gating in a dose- and region-dependent pattern, which might modulate the different stages that receive further processing due to novel information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinrong Ya
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chunmei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chaoyang Tian
- , Hainan Jingang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Jianhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Ross RG, Hunter SK, Hoffman MC, McCarthy L, Chambers BM, Law AJ, Leonard S, Zerbe GO, Freedman R. Perinatal Phosphatidylcholine Supplementation and Early Childhood Behavior Problems: Evidence for CHRNA7 Moderation. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:509-16. [PMID: 26651393 PMCID: PMC5892450 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE α7-Nicotinic receptors are involved in the final maturation of GABA inhibitory synapses before birth. Choline at levels found in the amniotic fluid is an agonist at α7-nicotinic receptors. The authors conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess whether high-dose oral phosphatidylcholine supplementation during pregnancy to increase maternal amniotic fluid choline levels would enhance fetal development of cerebral inhibition and, as a result, decrease childhood behavior problems associated with later mental illness. METHOD The authors previously reported that newborns in the phosphatidylcholine treatment group have increased suppression of the cerebral evoked response to repeated auditory stimuli. In this follow-up, they report parental assessments of the children's behavior at 40 months of age, using the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS At 40 months, parent ratings of children in the phosphatidylcholine group (N=23) indicated fewer attention problems and less social withdrawal compared with the placebo group (N=26). The improvement is comparable in magnitude to similar deficits at this age associated with later schizophrenia. The children's behavior is moderated by CHRNA7 variants associated with later mental illness and is related to their enhanced cerebral inhibition as newborns. CONCLUSIONS CHRNA7, the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene, has been associated with schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Maternal phosphatidylcholine treatment may, by increasing activation of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, alter the development of behavior problems in early childhood that can presage later mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal G Ross
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Sharon K Hunter
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - M Camille Hoffman
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Lizbeth McCarthy
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Betsey M Chambers
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Amanda J Law
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Sherry Leonard
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Gary O Zerbe
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
| | - Robert Freedman
- From the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver
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28
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Cheng CH, Chan PYS, Niddam DM, Tsai SY, Hsu SC, Liu CY. Sensory gating, inhibition control and gamma oscillations in the human somatosensory cortex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20437. [PMID: 26843358 PMCID: PMC4740805 DOI: 10.1038/srep20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the responses to irrelevant stimuli is an essential component of human cognitive function. Pre-attentive auditory sensory gating (SG), an attenuated neural activation to the second identical stimulus, has been found to be related to the performance of higher-hierarchical brain function. However, it remains unclear whether other cortical regions, such as somatosensory cortex, also possess similar characteristics, or if such a relationship is modality-specific. This study used magnetoencephalography to record neuromagnetic responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation to median nerve in 22 healthy participants. Somatosensory SG ratio and cortical brain oscillations were obtained and compared with the behavioral performance of inhibition control, as evaluated by somatosensory and auditory Go-Nogo tasks. The results showed that somatosensory P35m SG ratio correlated with behavioral performance of inhibition control. Such relationship was also established in relation to the auditory Go-Nogo task. Finally, a higher frequency value of evoked gamma oscillations was found to relate to a better somatosensory SG ability. In conclusion, our data provided an empirical link between automatic cortical inhibition and behavioral performance of attentive inhibition control. This study invites further research on the relationships among gamma oscillations, neurophysiological indices, and behavioral performance in clinical populations in terms of SG or cortical inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying S Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - David M Niddam
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mind, Brain and Learning Center, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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29
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Ahnaou A, Biermans R, Drinkenburg WH. Modulation of mGlu2 Receptors, but Not PDE10A Inhibition Normalizes Pharmacologically-Induced Deviance in Auditory Evoked Potentials and Oscillations in Conscious Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147365. [PMID: 26808689 PMCID: PMC4726622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of cognitive impairments represents a high medical need in the development of new antipsychotics. Aberrant EEG gamma oscillations and reductions in the P1/N1 complex peak amplitude of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) are neurophysiological biomarkers for schizophrenia that indicate disruption in sensory information processing. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (i.e. PDE10A) and activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2) signaling are believed to provide antipsychotic efficacy in schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether this occurs with cognition-enhancing potential. The present study used the auditory paired click paradigm in passive awake Sprague Dawley rats to 1) model disruption of AEP waveforms and oscillations as observed in schizophrenia by peripheral administration of amphetamine and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP); 2) confirm the potential of the antipsychotics risperidone and olanzapine to attenuate these disruptions; 3) evaluate the potential of mGluR2 agonist LY404039 and PDE10 inhibitor PQ-10 to improve AEP deficits in both the amphetamine and PCP models. PCP and amphetamine disrupted auditory information processing to the first click, associated with suppression of the P1/N1 complex peak amplitude, and increased cortical gamma oscillations. Risperidone and olanzapine normalized PCP and amphetamine-induced abnormalities in AEP waveforms and aberrant gamma/alpha oscillations, respectively. LY404039 increased P1/N1 complex peak amplitudes and potently attenuated the disruptive effects of both PCP and amphetamine on AEPs amplitudes and oscillations. However, PQ-10 failed to show such effect in either models. These outcomes indicate that modulation of the mGluR2 results in effective restoration of abnormalities in AEP components in two widely used animal models of psychosis, whereas PDE10A inhibition does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ahnaou
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Ria Biermans
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus H. Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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30
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Smucny J, Olincy A, Rojas DC, Tregellas JR. Neuronal effects of nicotine during auditory selective attention in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:410-21. [PMID: 26518728 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nicotine has been shown to improve attention deficits in schizophrenia, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that nicotine would modulate attention-associated neuronal response in schizophrenia patients in the ventral parietal cortex (VPC), hippocampus, and anterior cingulate based on previous findings in control subjects. To test this hypothesis, the present study examined response in these regions in a cohort of nonsmoking patients and healthy control subjects using an auditory selective attention task with environmental noise distractors during placebo and nicotine administration. In agreement with our hypothesis, significant diagnosis (Control vs. Patient) X drug (Placebo vs. Nicotine) interactions were observed in the VPC and hippocampus. The interaction was driven by task-associated hyperactivity in patients (relative to healthy controls) during placebo administration, and decreased hyperactivity in patients after nicotine administration (relative to placebo). No significant interaction was observed in the anterior cingulate. Task-associated hyperactivity of the VPC predicted poor task performance in patients during placebo. Poor task performance also predicted symptoms in patients as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. These results are the first to suggest that nicotine may modulate brain activity in a selective attention-dependent manner in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Donald C Rojas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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31
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Toyomaki A, Hashimoto N, Kako Y, Tomimatsu Y, Koyama T, Kusumi I. Different P50 sensory gating measures reflect different cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:166-169. [PMID: 29379766 PMCID: PMC5779302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The P50 is an early component of auditory evoked potentials and a measure of sensory gating deficits. This evoked potential component is thought to be an important endophenotype candidate for schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that instead of the P50 ratio, S1 and S2 amplitudes should be evaluated for sensory gating. However, no studies have focused on the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and P50 sensory gating deficits using S1 and S2 amplitudes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the P50 ratio (S2/S1), S1 and S2 amplitudes, and neuropsychological cognitive domains using stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. Results demonstrated a significant relationship between executive functioning and the P50 ratio and between sustained attention and S2 amplitude, respectively. Our findings suggest that the P50 ratio and S2 amplitude reflect distinct neurophysiological substrates associated with different cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuki Kako
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tomimatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Koyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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32
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Truelove-Hill M, Yadon CA. Auditory sensory gating and performance on the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2015.1053486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:23-78. [PMID: 26472525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with by severe disruptions in thought, cognition, emotion, and behavior. Patients show a marked increase in rates of smoking and nicotine dependence relative to nonaffected individuals, a finding commonly ascribed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated improvement in patients following the administration of nicotine. Such findings have led to an increased emphasis on the development of therapeutic agents to target the nicotinic system as well as increasing the impetus to understand the genetic basis for nicotinic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The goal of this review article is to provide a critical summary of evidence for the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. The first part will review the role of nicotine in normalization of primary dysfunctions and endophenotypical changes found in schizophrenia. The second part will provide a summary of genetic evidence linking polymorphisms in nicotinic receptor genes to smoking and schizophrenia. The third part will summarize attempts to treat schizophrenia using agents specifically targeting nicotinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes. Although currently available antipsychotic treatments are generally able to manage some aspects of schizophrenia (e.g., positive symptoms) they fail to address several other critically effected aspects of the disease. As such, the search for novel mechanisms to treat this disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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34
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Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Faugere M, Boyer L, Cermolacce M, Richieri R, Faget C, Philip P, Vion-Dury J, Lancon C. Association of metabolic syndrome with sensory gating deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 57:125-33. [PMID: 25917886 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in schizophrenia than in the general population and is associated with an increased rate of morbidity. It has been associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, which are a core deficit in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Sensory gating deficit is also a core deficit in schizophrenia. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sensory gating deficit and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia, after adjusting for key confounding factors. We hypothesized that patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit a higher rate of sensory gating deficit compared to those without metabolic syndrome. This study investigated sensory gating with the auditory event-related potential method by measuring P50 amplitude changes in a double click conditioning-testing procedure in 51 patients with schizophrenia. Patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 14) had a higher rate of sensory gating deficit (P50 suppression <50%) (p < 0.001) compared to those without metabolic syndrome (n = 37). This result remained significant (B = 2.94, Wald = 8.32, p = 0.004) after taking into account 5 potential confounding factors (age, gender, duration of disorder, Fagerström test, presence of clozapine or olanzapine). In patients without metabolic syndrome, sensory gating deficit was linked to a poorer attentional performance (rho = -0.371, p = 0.05). In patients with metabolic syndrome, sensory gating deficit was linked to poorer memory performance (rho = -0.635, p = 0.02). These findings suggest that metabolic syndrome may be linked to sensory gating deficit in patients with schizophrenia and that the relationship between neurocognitive function and sensory gating deficit could be affected by the metabolic status of the patients. Further studies are needed to address the causal relationship between sensory gating deficit related to schizophrenia, cognitive impairments and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Services d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Leon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, CHU Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.
| | - Mélanie Faugere
- Pôle de Psychiatrie "Solaris", Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de santé publique évaluation des systèmes de soins et santé perçue, Université de la Méditerranée - EA 3279 - Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Laboratoire de santé publique évaluation des systèmes de soins et santé perçue, Université de la Méditerranée - EA 3279 - Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Michel Cermolacce
- Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie "Solaris", Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site St Charles, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Raphaëlle Richieri
- Pôle de Psychiatrie "Solaris", Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de santé publique évaluation des systèmes de soins et santé perçue, Université de la Méditerranée - EA 3279 - Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine Faget
- Pôle de Psychiatrie "Solaris", Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de santé publique évaluation des systèmes de soins et santé perçue, Université de la Méditerranée - EA 3279 - Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Pierre Philip
- Services d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, Clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Leon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, CHU Pellegrin, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Jean Vion-Dury
- Unité de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, Pôle de Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie "Solaris", Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), UMR CNRS 7291, 31 Aix-Marseille Université, Site St Charles, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Lancon
- Pôle de Psychiatrie "Solaris", Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Laboratoire de santé publique évaluation des systèmes de soins et santé perçue, Université de la Méditerranée - EA 3279 - Faculté de Médecine, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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35
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Smucny J, Stevens KE, Olincy A, Tregellas JR. Translational utility of rodent hippocampal auditory gating in schizophrenia research: a review and evaluation. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e587. [PMID: 26101850 PMCID: PMC4490287 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired gating of the auditory evoked P50 potential is one of the most pharmacologically well-characterized features of schizophrenia. This deficit is most commonly modeled in rodents by implanted electrode recordings from the hippocampus of the rodent analog of the P50, the P20-N40. The validity and effectiveness of this tool, however, has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize findings from studies that have examined the effects of pharmacologic modulation on gating of the rodent hippocampal P20-N40 and the human P50. We show that drug effects on the P20-N40 are highly predictive of human effects across similar dose ranges. Furthermore, mental status (for example, anesthetized vs alert) does not appear to diminish the predictive capacity of these recordings. We then discuss hypothesized neuropharmacologic mechanisms that may underlie gating effects for each drug studied. Overall, this review supports continued use of hippocampal P20-N40 gating as a translational tool for schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smucny
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Olincy
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J R Tregellas
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Qi R, Li M, Ma Y, Chen N. State-dependent changes in auditory sensory gating in different cortical areas in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126684. [PMID: 25928147 PMCID: PMC4415925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a process in which the brain’s response to a repetitive stimulus is attenuated; it is thought to contribute to information processing by enabling organisms to filter extraneous sensory inputs from the environment. To date, sensory gating has typically been used to determine whether brain function is impaired, such as in individuals with schizophrenia or addiction. In healthy subjects, sensory gating is sensitive to a subject’s behavioral state, such as acute stress and attention. The cortical response to sensory stimulation significantly decreases during sleep; however, information processing continues throughout sleep, and an auditory evoked potential (AEP) can be elicited by sound. It is not known whether sensory gating changes during sleep. Sleep is a non-uniform process in the whole brain with regional differences in neural activities. Thus, another question arises concerning whether sensory gating changes are uniform in different brain areas from waking to sleep. To address these questions, we used the sound stimuli of a Conditioning-testing paradigm to examine sensory gating during waking, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and Non-REM (NREM) sleep in different cortical areas in rats. We demonstrated the following: 1. Auditory sensory gating was affected by vigilant states in the frontal and parietal areas but not in the occipital areas. 2. Auditory sensory gating decreased in NREM sleep but not REM sleep from waking in the frontal and parietal areas. 3. The decreased sensory gating in the frontal and parietal areas during NREM sleep was the result of a significant increase in the test sound amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yuanye Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (NC); (YM)
| | - Nanhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (NC); (YM)
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Chronaki G, Benikos N, Fairchild G, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Atypical neural responses to vocal anger in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:477-87. [PMID: 25117642 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in facial emotion processing, reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have been linked to both early perceptual and later attentional components of event-related potentials (ERPs). However, the neural underpinnings of vocal emotion processing deficits in ADHD have yet to be characterised. Here, we report the first ERP study of vocal affective prosody processing in ADHD. METHODS Event-related potentials of 6-11-year-old children with ADHD (n = 25) and typically developing controls (n = 25) were recorded as they completed a task measuring recognition of vocal prosodic stimuli (angry, happy and neutral). Audiometric assessments were conducted to screen for hearing impairments. RESULTS Children with ADHD were less accurate than controls at recognising vocal anger. Relative to controls, they displayed enhanced N100 and attenuated P300 components to vocal anger. The P300 effect was reduced, but remained significant, after controlling for N100 effects by rebaselining. Only the N100 effect was significant when children with ADHD and comorbid conduct disorder (n = 10) were excluded. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence linking ADHD to atypical neural activity during the early perceptual stages of vocal anger processing. These effects may reflect preattentive hyper-vigilance to vocal anger in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chronaki
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Section of Clinical & Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Featherstone RE, McMullen MF, Ward KR, Bang J, Xiao J, Siegel SJ. EEG biomarkers of target engagement, therapeutic effect, and disease process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:12-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mary F. McMullen
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn R. Ward
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jakyung Bang
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Xiao
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program; Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Stevens KE, Zheng L, Floyd KL, Stitzel JA. Maximizing the effect of an α7 nicotinic receptor PAM in a mouse model of schizophrenia-like sensory inhibition deficits. Brain Res 2015; 1611:8-17. [PMID: 25744161 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the α7 nicotinic receptor hold promise for the treatment of sensory inhibition deficits observed in schizophrenia patients. Studies of these compounds in the DBA/2 mouse, which models the schizophrenia-related deficit in sensory inhibition, have shown PAMs to be effective in improving the deficit. However, the first published clinical trial of a PAM for both sensory inhibition deficits and related cognitive difficulties failed, casting a shadow on this therapeutic approach. The present study used both DBA/2 mice, and C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mice to assess the ability of the α7 PAM, PNU-120596, to improve sensory inhibition. Both of these strains of mice have reduced hippocampal α7 nicotinic receptor numbers and deficient sensory inhibition similar to schizophrenia patients. Low doses of PNU-120596 (1 or 3.33mg/kg) were effective in the DBA/2 mouse but not the C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mouse. Moderate doses of the selective α7 nicotinic receptor agonist, choline chloride (10 or 33mg/kg), were also ineffective in improving sensory inhibition in the C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mouse. However, combining the lowest doses of both PNU-120596 and choline chloride in this mouse model did improve sensory inhibition. We propose here that the difference in efficacy of PNU-120596 between the 2 mouse strains is driven by differences in hippocampal α7 nicotinic receptor numbers, such that C3H Chrna7 heterozygote mice require additional direct stimulation of the α7 receptors. These data may have implications for further clinical testing of putative α7 nicotinic receptor PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten L Floyd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Hazlett EA, Rothstein EG, Ferreira R, Silverman JM, Siever LJ, Olincy A. Sensory gating disturbances in the spectrum: similarities and differences in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:283-90. [PMID: 25482574 PMCID: PMC4308515 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DSM-5 places schizophrenia on a continuum from severe, chronic schizophrenia to the attenuated schizophrenia-like traits of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the prototypic schizophrenia-related personality disorder. SPD shares common genetic and neurobiological substrates with schizophrenia, including information processing abnormalities, although they are less marked. This is the first study to directly compare the P50 evoked electroencephalographic response-a measure of sensory gating and a neurophysiological endophenotype-between schizophrenia-spectrum groups. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) Compared with healthy controls (HCs), schizophrenia patients show reduced P50 suppression and SPD patients resemble schizophrenia but exhibit less marked deficits; and (2) Deficient P50 suppression in SPD is associated with greater clinical symptom severity. METHODS P50 was assessed in 32 schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients (12 SPD, 20 schizophrenia patients) and 25 demographically-matched HCs. The standard conditioning (C)-testing (T) paradigm was used and P50 suppression was quantified using the T-C difference and the T/C ratio. RESULTS All P50 measures showed a linear, stepwise pattern with the SPD group intermediate between the HC and schizophrenia groups. Compared with HCs, both patient groups had lower conditioning and T-C difference values. Among the SPD group, greater clinical symptom severity was associated with greater conditioning-response amplitude deficits. CONCLUSION These findings: (1) are novel in showing that P50 deficits in SPD resemble those observed in schizophrenia, albeit less marked; (2) support the concept that the phenomenological link between SPD and schizophrenia lies in shared neurocognitive/neurophysiological pathologies; and (3) provide evidence that P50 is a neurophysiological endophenotype for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,Corresponding Author: Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Room 6A-44, Bronx, NY, 10468, United States, Phone: 718-584-9000 x3701; Fax: 718-364-3576,
| | - Ethan G. Rothstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rui Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy M. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Larry J. Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Research and Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN3), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
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Zabelina DL, O'Leary D, Pornpattananangkul N, Nusslock R, Beeman M. Creativity and sensory gating indexed by the P50: selective versus leaky sensory gating in divergent thinkers and creative achievers. Neuropsychologia 2015; 69:77-84. [PMID: 25623426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Creativity has previously been linked with atypical attention, but it is not clear what aspects of attention, or what types of creativity are associated. Here we investigated specific neural markers of a very early form of attention, namely sensory gating, indexed by the P50 ERP, and how it relates to two measures of creativity: divergent thinking and real-world creative achievement. Data from 84 participants revealed that divergent thinking (assessed with the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking) was associated with selective sensory gating, whereas real-world creative achievement was associated with "leaky" sensory gating, both in zero-order correlations and when controlling for academic test scores in a regression. Thus both creativity measures related to sensory gating, but in opposite directions. Additionally, divergent thinking and real-world creative achievement did not interact in predicting P50 sensory gating, suggesting that these two creativity measures orthogonally relate to P50 sensory gating. Finally, the ERP effect was specific to the P50 - neither divergent thinking nor creative achievement were related to later components, such as the N100 and P200. Overall results suggest that leaky sensory gating may help people integrate ideas that are outside of focus of attention, leading to creativity in the real world; whereas divergent thinking, measured by divergent thinking tests which emphasize numerous responses within a limited time, may require selective sensory processing more than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya L Zabelina
- Northwestern University, 104 Cresap Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Daniel O'Leary
- Northwestern University, 104 Cresap Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - Robin Nusslock
- Northwestern University, 104 Cresap Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mark Beeman
- Northwestern University, 104 Cresap Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Javitt DC, Freedman R. Sensory processing dysfunction in the personal experience and neuronal machinery of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:17-31. [PMID: 25553496 PMCID: PMC4501403 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing deficits, first investigated by Kraepelin and Bleuler as possible pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia, are now being recharacterized in the context of our current understanding of the molecular and neurobiological brain mechanisms involved. The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria position these deficits as intermediaries between molecular and cellular mechanisms and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations. The prepulse inhibition of startle responses by a weaker preceding tone, the inhibitory gating of response to paired sensory stimuli characterized using the auditory P50 evoked response, and the detection of slight deviations in patterns of sensory stimulation eliciting the cortical mismatch negativity potential demonstrate deficits in early sensory processing mechanisms, whose molecular and neurobiological bases are increasingly well understood. Deficits in sensory processing underlie more complex cognitive dysfunction and are in turn affected by higher-level cognitive difficulties. These deficits are now being used to identify genes involved in familial transmission of schizophrenia and to monitor potentially therapeutic drug effects for both treatment and prevention. This research also provides a clinical reminder that patients' sensory perception of the surrounding world, even during treatment sessions, may differ considerably from others' perceptions. A person's ability to understand and interact effectively with the surrounding world ultimately depends on an underlying sensory experience of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Yadon CA, Kisley MA, Davalos DB. The Effects of Vigilance and Visual Distraction on the P50 Mid-Latency Auditory Evoked Potential. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensory gating function has been investigated through measurement of the P50 evoked potential. However, the susceptibility of auditory P50 sensory gating to attentional modulation remains unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of vigilance (sustaining alertness across multiple recording blocks) and visual distraction (watching a muted movie versus a static fixation cross). We specifically chose a movie as the distracting stimulus because investigators sometimes show muted movies during P50 paradigms and the effects of this method were previously unknown. We recorded evoked potentials in a standard paired-click paradigm from groups watching a movie or static fixation cross; both groups completed four identical blocks of recording. Ratings of fatigue were recorded throughout the experiment. P50 and N100 amplitude showed signs of habituation, although N100’s amplitude reduction was more prominent than P50. P50 suppression did not change over the course of the recording session, despite increasing fatigue ratings. P50 suppression was significantly stronger for the participants who watched a movie during the recording. When comparing P50 gating results across studies, care should be taken to consider differing methodologies.
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Knott V, Smith D, de la Salle S, Impey D, Choueiry J, Beaudry E, Smith M, Saghir S, Ilivitsky V, Labelle A. CDP-choline: effects of the procholine supplement on sensory gating and executive function in healthy volunteers stratified for low, medium and high P50 suppression. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1095-108. [PMID: 25315828 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114553254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diminished auditory sensory gating and associated neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to altered expression and function of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetycholinergic receptor (α7 nAChR), the targeting of which may have treatment potential. Choline is a selective α7 nAChR agonist and the aim of this study was to determine whether cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), or citicoline, a dietary source of choline, increases sensory gating and cognition in healthy volunteers stratified for gating level. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design involving acute administration of low, moderate doses (500 mg, 1000 mg) of CDP-choline, 24 healthy volunteers were assessed for auditory gating as indexed by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) in a paired-stimulus (S1, S2) paradigm, and for executive function as measured by the Groton Maze Learning Task (GMLT) of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery. CDP-choline improved gating (1000 mg) and suppression of the S2 P50 response (500 mg, 1000 mg), with the effects being selective for individuals with low gating (suppression) levels. Tentative support was also shown for increased GMLT performance (500 mg) in low suppressors. These preliminary findings with CDP-choline in a healthy, schizophrenia-like surrogate sample are consistent with a α7 nAChR mechanism and support further trials with choline as a pro-cognitive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Impey
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Beaudry
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salman Saghir
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vadim Ilivitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wonodi I, McMahon RP, Krishna N, Mitchell BD, Liu J, Glassman M, Hong LE, Gold JM. Influence of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene polymorphism on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:80-7. [PMID: 25464917 PMCID: PMC4516229 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits compromise quality of life and productivity for individuals with schizophrenia and have no effective treatments. Preclinical data point to the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism as a potential target for pro-cognitive drug development. We have previously demonstrated association of a kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene variant with reduced KMO gene expression in postmortem schizophrenia cortex, and neurocognitive endophenotypic deficits in a clinical sample. KMO encodes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), the rate-limiting microglial enzyme of cortical kynurenine metabolism. Aberration of the KMO gene might be the proximal cause of impaired cortical kynurenine metabolism observed in schizophrenia. However, the relationship between KMO variation and cognitive function in schizophrenia is unknown. This study examined the effects of the KMO rs2275163C>T C (risk) allele on cognitive function in schizophrenia. METHODS We examined the association of KMO polymorphisms with general neuropsychological performance and P50 gating in a sample of 150 schizophrenia and 95 healthy controls. RESULTS Consistent with our original report, the KMO rs2275163C>T C (risk) allele was associated with deficits in general neuropsychological performance, and this effect was more marked in schizophrenia compared with controls. Additionally, the C (Arg452) allele of the missense rs1053230C>T variant (KMO Arg452Cys) showed a trend effect on cognitive function. Neither variant affected P50 gating. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that KMO variation influences a range of cognitive domains known to predict functional outcome. Extensive molecular characterization of this gene would elucidate its role in cognitive function with implications for vertical integration with basic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikwunga Wonodi
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Robert P. McMahon
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nithin Krishna
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy Liu
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Glassman
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tan SP, Fan FM, Zhao YL, Chen N, Fan HZ, Zhang JG, Wang YH, Yoon JH, Soares JC, Zou YZ, Zhang XY. Smoking, MATRICS consensus cognitive battery and P50 sensory gating in a Han Chinese population. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143:51-7. [PMID: 25124304 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of smoking on cognitive performance have long been studied, with mixed results. P50 sensory gating has been used as endophenotype for studying nicotinic systems genetics, and P50 gating deficits have been reported to be a sensitive biomarker for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This study examined the inter-relationship between P50 suppression, cognitive function, and smoking in a healthy Han Chinese population, which has not been reported before. METHODS We recruited 82 healthy male subjects, including 48 smokers and 34 non-smokers who were matched for age and education. The authors measured P50 sensory gating and administered the Chinese-language version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) and Stroop tests. RESULTS The results showed that the smokers scored lower than nonsmokers on the MCCB brief visuospatial memory test (BVMT) index and the STROOP test. Furthermore, the MCCB total score was negatively associated with number of cigarettes smoked per day in the smoker group. However, P50 sensory gating was not associated with either smoking status or any cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that smoking is associated with cognitive impairment, but not with P50 sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Fan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Fan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Guo Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Hui Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin H Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Zhuang Zou
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in attention circuitry: the role of layer VI neurons of prefrontal cortex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1225-44. [PMID: 24122021 PMCID: PMC3949016 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic modulation of prefrontal cortex is essential for attention. In essence, it focuses the mind on relevant, transient stimuli in support of goal-directed behavior. The excitation of prefrontal layer VI neurons through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors optimizes local and top-down control of attention. Layer VI of prefrontal cortex is the origin of a dense feedback projection to the thalamus and is one of only a handful of brain regions that express the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit, encoded by the gene chrna5. This accessory nicotinic receptor subunit alters the properties of high-affinity nicotinic receptors in layer VI pyramidal neurons in both development and adulthood. Studies investigating the consequences of genetic deletion of α5, as well as other disruptions to nicotinic receptors, find attention deficits together with altered cholinergic excitation of layer VI neurons and aberrant neuronal morphology. Nicotinic receptors in prefrontal layer VI neurons play an essential role in focusing attention under challenging circumstances. In this regard, they do not act in isolation, but rather in concert with cholinergic receptors in other parts of prefrontal circuitry. This review urges an intensification of focus on the cellular mechanisms and plasticity of prefrontal attention circuitry. Disruptions in attention are one of the greatest contributing factors to disease burden in psychiatric and neurological disorders, and enhancing attention may require different approaches in the normal and disordered prefrontal cortex.
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Freedman R. α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists for Cognitive Enhancement in Schizophrenia. Annu Rev Med 2014; 65:245-61. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-092112-142937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045;
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Abstract
Attentional deficits are common in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar mood disorder, and schizophrenia. There has been increasing interest in the neurodevelopmental components of these attentional deficits; neurodevelopmental meaning that while the deficits become clinically prominent in childhood or adulthood, the deficits are the results of problems in brain development that begin in infancy or even prenatally. Despite this interest, there are few methods for assessing attention very early in infancy. This report focuses on one method, infant auditory P50 sensory gating. Attention has several components. One of the earliest components of attention, termed sensory gating, allows the brain to tune out repetitive, noninformative sensory information. Auditory P50 sensory gating refers to one task designed to measure sensory gating using changes in EEG. When identical auditory stimuli are presented 500 ms apart, the evoked response (change in the EEG associated with the processing of the click) to the second stimulus is generally reduced relative to the response to the first stimulus (i.e. the response is "gated"). When response to the second stimulus is not reduced, this is considered a poor sensory gating, is reflective of impaired cerebral inhibition, and is correlated with attentional deficits. Because the auditory P50 sensory gating task is passive, it is of potential utility in the study of young infants and may provide a window into the developmental time course of attentional deficits in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The goal of this presentation is to describe the methodology for assessing infant auditory P50 sensory gating, a methodology adapted from those used in studies of adult populations.
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Cotinine impacts sensory processing in DBA/2 mice through changes in the conditioning amplitude. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 117:144-50. [PMID: 24374321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, has produced improved learning and memory in rodents and non-human primates and corrects apomorphine-induced loss of pre-pulse startle inhibition in rats. The present study assessed cotinine, both acute and chronic (7-day), in the sensory inhibition paradigm in DBA/2 mice. These mice spontaneously show a deficit in hippocampal sensory inhibition, as assessed by the P20-N40 EEG paradigm, which models the deficit observed in schizophrenia patients. Anesthetized DBA/2 mice were recorded in the CA3 region of hippocampus for inhibition of paired, identical auditory stimuli, then administered cotinine (0.33, 0.1, 0.33, 1.0 or 3.3 mg/kg SQ) and recorded for 90 min. At doses of 0.1, 0.33 and 1.0 mg/kg, there were significant increases in conditioning amplitude, with no changes in test amplitude or TC ratio. Blockade of α4β2 nicotinic receptors with central administration of DHΒE blocked the increase in the conditioning amplitude induced by the 1.0 mg/kg dose of cotinine, as did blockade of α7 nicotinic receptors with α-bungarotoxin. Daily injections of 0.33, 1.0 or 3.3 mg/kg for 7 days produced similar increases in the conditioning amplitude on the 7th day, but only at the 0.33 and 3.3 mg/kg doses. Determination of the "carry over" effect of the previous 6 daily doses of cotinine, prior to the 7th dose, showed that there was a significant increase in the conditioning amplitude as compared to the baseline data for mice receiving the equivalent acute dose. There were no significant effects on test amplitude or TC ratio for any of the chronic doses. These data suggest that cotinine modulates the conditioning amplitude in the sensory inhibition paradigm through the α4β2 nicotinic receptor and possibly also through the α7 nicotinic receptor, as well. However the data do not suggest that cotinine is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of sensory inhibition deficits in schizophrenia.
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