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Bryce DL. Double-rotation (DOR) NMR spectroscopy: Progress and perspectives. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2024; 130:101923. [PMID: 38471386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2024.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Double-rotation (DOR) solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a high-resolution technique developed in the late 1980s. Although multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) became the most widely used high-resolution method for half-integer spin quadrupoles after 1995, development and application of DOR NMR to a variety of chemical and materials science problems has endured. This Trend article recapitulates the development of DOR NMR, discusses various applications, and describes possible future directions. The main technical limitations specific to DOR NMR are simply related to the size of the double rotor system. The relatively large outer rotor (and thus coil) used for most applications over the past 35 years translates into relatively low rotor spinning frequencies, a low filling factor, and weak radiofrequency powers available for excitation and for proton decoupling. Ongoing developments in NMR instrumentation, including ever-shrinking MAS rotors and spherical NMR rotors, could solve many of these problems and may augur a renaissance for DOR NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Perras FA, Korobkov I, Bryce DL. 23Na double-rotation NMR of sodium nucleotides leads to the discovery of a new dCMP hendecahydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4677-81. [PMID: 22389051 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining definitive information concerning the coordination environment of sodium ions which balance the negative charges found in nucleotides is a challenging task. We show that high resolution 1D and 2D (23)Na NMR spectra of sodium nucleotides obtained in the solid state with the use of double-rotation (DOR) provide valuable structural information. Sensitive spin diffusion homonuclear correlation experiments are used to establish the relative proximities of various pairs of crystallographically distinct Na sites and to assign the spectral resonances. Additionally, the DOR sidebands are simulated to obtain coordination information which is complementary to that obtained using multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning NMR spectra. These experiments led us to discover a new hendecahydrate of deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), the structure of which is confirmed via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This hydrate crystallizes reproducibly when deuterated water is used exclusively in the preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Perras FA, Bryce DL. Removal of sidebands in double-rotation NMR in real time. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 211:234-239. [PMID: 21652243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Double-rotation (DOR) is the only technique generally capable of yielding high-resolution NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in one dimension for solids without the need for sophisticated coherence pathway selection. Unfortunately, due to the low outer rotor spinning frequencies currently available, the spectra often contain a large number of spinning sidebands which may overlap with the resonances of interest. We implement a simple, robust, and easy to use family of pulse sequences, which in practice are fully analogous to the 'total suppression of sidebands' (TOSS) sequences, to suppress all sidebands arising from the spinning of the outer rotor in DOR experiments. By removing the rotor phase dependence of the evolution of the sidebands, the sidebands destructively interfere with one another during the course of signal averaging to yield 'solution-like' spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in solids. Advantages and shortcomings of the method compared to other DOR sideband suppression methods are explored with the aid of simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Hung I, Wong A, Howes AP, Anupõld T, Samoson A, Smith ME, Holland D, Brown SP, Dupree R. Separation of isotropic chemical and second-order quadrupolar shifts by multiple-quantum double rotation NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 197:229-236. [PMID: 19201231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using a two-dimensional multiple-quantum (MQ) double rotation (DOR) experiment the contributions of the chemical shift and quadrupolar interaction to isotropic resonance shifts can be completely separated. Spectra were acquired using a three-pulse triple-quantum z-filtered pulse sequence and subsequently sheared along both the nu(1) and nu(2) dimensions. The application of this method is demonstrated for both crystalline (RbNO(3)) and amorphous samples (vitreous B(2)O(3)). The existence of the two rubidium isotopes ((85)Rb and (87)Rb) allows comparison of results for two nuclei with different spins (I=3/2 and 5/2), as well as different dipole and quadrupole moments in a single chemical compound. Being only limited by homogeneous line broadening and sample crystallinity, linewidths of approximately 0.1 and 0.2 ppm can be measured for (87)Rb in the quadrupolar and chemical shift dimensions, enabling highly accurate determination of the isotropic chemical shift and the quadrupolar product, P(Q). For vitreous B(2)O(3), the use of MQDOR allows the chemical shift and electric field gradient distributions to be directly determined-information that is difficult to obtain otherwise due to the presence of second-order quadrupolar broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hung
- Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Hung I, Wong A, Howes AP, Anupõld T, Past J, Samoson A, Mo X, Wu G, Smith ME, Brown SP, Dupree R. Determination of NMR interaction parameters from double rotation NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 188:246-59. [PMID: 17707665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that the anisotropic NMR parameters for half-integer quadrupolar nuclei can be determined using double rotation (DOR) NMR at a single magnetic field with comparable accuracy to multi-field static and MAS experiments. The (17)O nuclei in isotopically enriched l-alanine and OPPh(3) are used as illustrations. The anisotropic NMR parameters are obtained from spectral simulation of the DOR spinning sideband intensities using a computer program written with the GAMMA spin-simulation libraries. Contributions due to the quadrupolar interaction, chemical shift anisotropy, dipolar coupling and J coupling are included in the simulations. In l-alanine the oxygen chemical shift span is 455 +/- 20 ppm and 350 +/- 20 ppm for the O1 and O2 sites, respectively, and the Euler angles are determined to an accuracy of +/- 5-10 degrees . For cases where effects due to heteronuclear J and dipolar coupling are observed, it is possible to determine the angle between the internuclear vector and the principal axis of the electric field gradient (EFG). Thus, the orientation of the major components of both the EFG and chemical shift tensors (i.e., V(33) and delta(33)) in the molecular frame may be obtained from the relative intensity of the split DOR peaks. For OPPh(3) the principal axis of the (17)O EFG is found to be close to the O-P bond, and the (17)O-(31)P one-bond J coupling ((1)J(OP)=161 +/- 2 Hz) is determined to a much higher accuracy than previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hung
- Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Knops-Gerrits PP, Toufar H, Li XY, Grobet P, Schoonheydt RA, Jacobs PA, Goddard WA. The Structure of Water in Crystalline Aluminophosphates: Isolated Water and Intermolecular Clusters Probed by Raman Spectroscopy, NMR and Structural Modeling. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990817i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter-Paul Knops-Gerrits
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Helge Toufar
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Piet. Grobet
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert A. Schoonheydt
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Pierre A. Jacobs
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - William A. Goddard
- Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse, KU Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zeosorb Gmbh, Tricat-strasse, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany, Chemistry Department, Hong-Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong-Kong, Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Feuerstein M, Hunger M, Engelhardt G, Amoureux JP. Characterisation of sodium cations in dehydrated zeolite NaX by 23Na NMR spectroscopy. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 1996; 7:95-103. [PMID: 8986022 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-2040(96)01246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
23Na MAS, 2D nutation MAS, and DOR NMR spectroscopy has been applied to characterise the location of sodium cations in dehydrated zeolite NaX (Si/Al = 1.23). The 23Na MAS NMR spectra recorded at three different magnetic field strengths were decomposed by computer simulation into five lines, which were attributed to five crystallographically distinct cation sites known from X-ray diffraction studies. The assignments of the lines follow from electric field gradient calculations at the 23Na nuclei applying a simple point charge model based on crystal structure data. A weak Gaussian line at low field (delta iso = -6 ppm) is assigned to sodium cations at site I, two broad quadrupole patterns at the high-field side of the spectra are attributed to site I' (delta iso = -19 ppm, QCC = 5.2 MHz, eta = 0) and site II cations (delta iso = -15 ppm, QCC = 4.6 MHz, eta = 0), and two quadrupolar lines dominating the central region of the spectra originate from Na+ at two different III' sites (delta iso = -13 and -29 ppm, QCC = 2.6 and 1.6 MHz, eta = 0.7 and 0.9, respectively). Na+ ions located on a second I' site could be identified from the DOR NMR spectra. The line assignment is further corroborated by the reasonable agreement of the site occupancies estimated from the line intensities with those determined by X-ray diffraction. In addition, sodium site populations of five dehydrated zeolites NaX and NaY with Si/Al ratios between 1.09 and 4.0 were derived from the 23Na MAS NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feuerstein
- Institut für Technische Chemie I, Universität Stuttgart, Germany
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Amoureux JP. Variable-angle double rotation technique: a new two-dimensional high-resolution technique for quadrupolar nuclei. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 1995; 4:229-239. [PMID: 7583058 DOI: 10.1016/0926-2040(95)00008-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new two-dimensional high-resolution technique for nuclei with semi-integer spins subjected to strong quadrupole interactions. This variable-angle double rotation (VADOR) technique separates anisotropic spectral patterns according to the isotropic shift of each species. No sudden sample reorientation is needed for VADOR which can consequently be used regardless of the "relaxation times". This technique can also be utilized to characterize slow molecular reorientations in two- or three-dimensional experiments. We also propose a new geometry for DOR probes (theta e = 70.124 degrees, theta i = 54.736 degrees) which suppresses first-order interactions (chemical shift anisotropy and dipolar) more efficiently than the geometry (theta e = 54.736 degrees, theta i = 30.556 degrees) presently employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Amoureux
- Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, CNRS URA 801, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Amoureux JP, Cochon E. Sideband analysis in DOR NMR spectra. II. Real finite inner-rotor speed. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 1993; 2:223-234. [PMID: 7804774 DOI: 10.1016/0926-2040(93)90002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
DOR (double orientation rotation) solid-state NMR technique is analyzed specifically in the case where numerous (> 4) sidebands are observed on the spectrum. In this case, a rough spectrum analysis leads to the false observation of several impurity species. The total "visible" intensity is smaller than the real one. This may lead to an apparent relative concentration change when several species with very different quadrupole interactions coexist in the sample. Contrary to the MAS technique, the correct analysis of DOR spectra with sidebands very often necessitates the simultaneous introduction of CSA and quadrupole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Amoureux
- Laboratoire de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, URA 801, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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