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Martins AC, Santos AAD, Lopes ACBA, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB. Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium and Mercury and its Relationship to Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:14-26. [PMID: 33475076 DOI: 10.2174/1573402117666210121102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health concern that affects millions globally, leading to a large number of morbidities and fatalities. The etiology of hypertension is complex and multifactorial, and it involves environmental factors, including heavy metals. Cadmium and mercury are toxic elements commonly found in the environment, contributing to hypertension. We aimed to assess the role of cadmium and mercury-induced endothelial dysfunction in the development of hypertension. A narrative review was carried out through database searches. In this review, we discussed the critical roles of cadmium and mercury in the etiology of hypertension and provided new insights into potential mechanisms of their effect, focusing primarily on endothelial dysfunction. Although the mechanisms by which cadmium and mercury induce hypertension have yet to be completely elucidated, evidence for both implicates impaired nitric oxide signaling in their hypertensive etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alessanda A D Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ana C B A Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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Sirvent P, Douillard A, Galbes O, Ramonatxo C, Py G, Candau R, Lacampagne A. Effects of chronic administration of clenbuterol on contractile properties and calcium homeostasis in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100281. [PMID: 24971566 PMCID: PMC4074032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clenbuterol, a β2-agonist, induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and a shift from slow-oxidative to fast-glycolytic muscle fiber type profile. However, the cellular mechanisms of the effects of chronic clenbuterol administration on skeletal muscle are not completely understood. As the intracellular Ca2+ concentration must be finely regulated in many cellular processes, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic clenbuterol treatment on force, fatigue, intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and Ca2+-dependent proteolysis in fast-twitch skeletal muscles (the extensor digitorum longus, EDL, muscle), as they are more sensitive to clenbuterol-induced hypertrophy. Male Wistar rats were chronically treated with 4 mg.kg−1 clenbuterol or saline vehicle (controls) for 21 days. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, Ca2+ -transient amplitude and Ca2+ spark properties. EDL muscles from clenbuterol-treated animals displayed hypertrophy, a shift from slow to fast fiber type profile and increased absolute force, while the relative force remained unchanged and resistance to fatigue decreased compared to control muscles from rats treated with saline vehicle. Compared to control animals, clenbuterol treatment decreased Ca2+-transient amplitude, Ca2+ spark amplitude and frequency and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load was markedly reduced. Conversely, calpain activity was increased by clenbuterol chronic treatment. These results indicate that chronic treatment with clenbuterol impairs Ca2+ homeostasis and this could contribute to the remodeling and functional impairment of fast-twitch skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sirvent
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, Aubière, France; U1046, INSERM, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, 34295 Montpellier, France; CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR 866 Muscular Dynamic and Metabolism, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymerick Douillard
- National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR 866 Muscular Dynamic and Metabolism, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Galbes
- U1046, INSERM, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, 34295 Montpellier, France; CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR 866 Muscular Dynamic and Metabolism, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Ramonatxo
- U1046, INSERM, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, 34295 Montpellier, France; CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR 866 Muscular Dynamic and Metabolism, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR 866 Muscular Dynamic and Metabolism, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), UMR 866 Muscular Dynamic and Metabolism, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- U1046, INSERM, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, 34295 Montpellier, France; CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Kukongviriyapan U, Pannangpetch P, Kukongviriyapan V, Donpunha W, Sompamit K, Surawattanawan P. Curcumin protects against cadmium-induced vascular dysfunction, hypertension and tissue cadmium accumulation in mice. Nutrients 2014; 6:1194-208. [PMID: 24662163 PMCID: PMC3967187 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin from turmeric is commonly used worldwide as a spice and has been demonstrated to possess various biological activities. This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin on a mouse model of cadmium (Cd)—induced hypertension, vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress. Male ICR mice were exposed to Cd (100 mg/L) in drinking water for eight weeks. Curcumin (50 or 100 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered in mice every other day concurrently with Cd. Cd induced hypertension and impaired vascular responses to phenylephrine, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Curcumin reduced the toxic effects of Cd and protected vascular dysfunction by increasing vascular responsiveness and normalizing the blood pressure levels. The vascular protective effect of curcumin in Cd exposed mice is associated with up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein, restoration of glutathione redox ratio and alleviation of oxidative stress as indicated by decreasing superoxide production in the aortic tissues and reducing plasma malondialdehyde, plasma protein carbonyls, and urinary nitrate/nitrite levels. Curcumin also decreased Cd accumulation in the blood and various organs of Cd-intoxicated mice. These findings suggest that curcumin, due to its antioxidant and chelating properties, is a promising protective agent against hypertension and vascular dysfunction induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Wanida Donpunha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kwanjit Sompamit
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Praphassorn Surawattanawan
- Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Rama 6 Road, Rajatevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Dose-effects of aorta-infused clenbuterol on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84095. [PMID: 24391890 PMCID: PMC3877193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in various organs. Recently, a selective β2AR agonist clenbuterol was suggested to protect against cerebral I/R injury. This study was designed to investigate changes of β2ARs after spinal cord I/R injury and dose-effects of aorta-infused clenbuterol on spinal cord I/R injury in rabbits. Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by infrarenal abdominal aortic occlusion with a balloon catheter for 30 minutes except the sham group. During occlusion, nothing (I/R group), normal saline (NS group) or clenbuterol at different doses of 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg (C0.005, C0.01, C0.05, C0.1, C0.5, and C1 groups) was infused into the occluded aortic segments. The hemodynamic data, blood glucose and serum electrolytes were measured during experimental period. Neurological function was assessed according to the modified Tarlov scales until 48 hours after reperfusion. After that, the lumbar spinal cord was harvested for β2AR immunohistochemistry and histopathologic evaluation in the anterior horns. Results The β2AR expression in the anterior horns of the spinal cord was significantly higher in the I/R group than in the sham group. Tarlov scores and the number of viable α-motor neurons were higher in C0.01-C0.5 groups than in the NS group, C0.005 and C1 groups and were highest in the C0.1 group. Hypotension and hyperglycemia were found in the C1 group. Conclusion β2ARs in the anterior horn were upregulated after spinal cord I/R injury. Aortic-infused clenbuterol (0.01–0.5 mg/kg) can attenuate spinal cord I/R injury dose-dependently during the ischemic period. The Optimal dosage was 0.1 mg/kg. Activation of β2AR could be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of spinal cord I/R injury.
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Effects of cadmiumin vitro on contractile and relaxant responses of isolated rat aortas. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 9:251-6. [PMID: 21432310 DOI: 10.1007/bf02898138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2003] [Accepted: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cadmium is known to affect the vascular tone of isolated blood vesselsin vitro and the arterial pressure of ratsin vivo. However, the mechanisms of cadmium actions on the vascular system have not been clarified. To elucidate the actions of cadmium on vascular tonus, effects of cadmium on vasocontractile and vasorelaxant responsesin vitro were investigated using aortic strips isolated from rats. METHODS Aortic strips isolated from male Wistar rats were incubated with CdCl(2) (10μM) for 24 hr, washed with fresh CdCl(2)-free medium, and then used for measurement of isometric tension and Western blot analysis of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). RESULTS In the aortas pretreated with cadmiumin vitro, the contractile response to phenylephrine was significantly higher than that in the control aortic strips pretreated with a vehicle. The sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxing response was significantly higher in the aortic strips pretreated with cadmium for 24 hr, compared with that in the control pretreated with a vehicle. The isoproterenol-induced relaxing response was also significantly higher in the cadmium-accumulated aortic strips.In vitro cadmium treatment slightly but not significantly increased the acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the aortic strips. Cadmium treatment induced expression of iNOS and significantly increased expression of eNOS in the aortic strips, while it did not affect expression of β-actin. CONCLUSIONS Cadmium treatmentin vitro augmented the α1 adrenoceptor-mediated contractile response, even though eNOS and iNOS were upregulated by cadmium treatment. NO-induced and β-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxing responses were also augmented by cadmium treatment. These results suggest that both vasocontractile and vasorelaxing responses are augmented in cadmium-accumulated aortas.
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Luo Y, Huang P, Fu Q, Du W, Sun S, Li Y, Liu M, Chang C. Preparation of Monolithic Imprinted Stationary Phase for Clenbuterol by In Situ Polymerization and Application in Biological Samples Pretreatment. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Aranibar N, Vassallo JD, Rathmacher J, Stryker S, Zhang Y, Dai J, Janovitz EB, Robertson D, Reily M, Lowe-Krentz L, Lehman-McKeeman L. Identification of 1- and 3-methylhistidine as biomarkers of skeletal muscle toxicity by nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic profiling. Anal Biochem 2010; 410:84-91. [PMID: 21094120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic profiling identified urinary 1- and 3-methylhistidine (1- and 3-MH) as potential biomarkers of skeletal muscle toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats following 7 and 14 daily doses of 0.5 or 1mg/kg cerivastatin. These metabolites were highly correlated to sex-, dose- and time-dependent development of cerivastatin-induced myotoxicity. Subsequently, the distribution and concentration of 1- and 3-MH were quantified in 18 tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The methylhistidine isomers were most abundant in skeletal muscle with no fiber or sex differences observed; however, 3-MH was also present in cardiac and smooth muscle. In a second study, rats receiving 14 daily doses of 1mg/kg cerivastatin (a myotoxic dose) had 6- and 2-fold elevations in 1- and 3-MH in urine and had 11- and 3-fold increases in 1- and 3-MH in serum, respectively. Selectivity of these potential biomarkers was tested by dosing rats with the cardiotoxicant isoproterenol (0.5mg/kg), and a 2-fold decrease in urinary 1- and 3-MH was observed and attributed to the anabolic effect on skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that 1- and 3-MH may be useful urine and serum biomarkers of drug-induced skeletal muscle toxicity and hypertrophy in the rat, and further investigation into their use and limitations is warranted.
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Orallo F, Alvarez E, Basaran H, Lugnier C. Comparative study of the vasorelaxant activity, superoxide-scavenging ability and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-inhibitory effects of hesperetin and hesperidin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 370:452-63. [PMID: 15599707 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-0994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the vasorelaxant activity, superoxide radicals (O2(*-))-scavenging capacity and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibitory effects of hesperidin and hesperetin, two flavonoids mainly isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperetin concentration-dependently relaxed the isometric contractions induced by noradrenaline (NA, 1 microM) or by a high extracellular KCl concentration (60 mM) in intact rat isolated thoracic aorta rings. However, hesperetin (10 microM-0.3 mM) did not affect the contractile response induced by okadaic acid (OA, 1 microM). Mechanical removal of endothelium and/or pretreatment of aorta rings with glibenclamide (GB, 10 microM), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 2 mM) or nifedipine (0.1 microM) did not significantly modify the vasorelaxant effects of this flavonoid. Hesperetin (10 microM-0.1 mM) did not affect the basal uptake of (45)Ca(2+) but decreased the influx of (45)Ca(2+) induced by NA and KCl in endothelium-containing and endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Hesperetin (10 microM-0.1 mM) did not scavenge O2(*-) generated by the phenazine methosulfate (PMS)-reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) system. Hesperetin (0.1 mM) significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of NA (1 microM) and high KCl (60 mM) on cyclic nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) production in cultured rat aortic myocytes. Hesperetin preferentially inhibited calmodulin (CaM)-activated PDE1 and PDE4 isolated from bovine aorta with IC(50) values of about 74 microM and 70 microM respectively. In contrast, the 7-rhamnoglucoside of hesperetin, hesperidin (10 microM-0.1 mM), was inactive in practically all experiments, although it inhibited basal and cGMP-activated PDE2 isolated from platelets (IC(50) values of 32+/-4 microM and 137+/-34 microM respectively). These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effects of hesperetin are basically due to the inhibition of PDE1 and PDE4 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Orallo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña), Spain.
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Waterfield C, Delaney J, Kerai M, Timbrell J. Correlations between in vivo and in vitro effects of toxic compounds: Studies with hydrazine. Toxicol In Vitro 1997; 11:217-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/1997] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Waterfield CJ, Carvalho F, Timbrell JA. Effect of treatment with beta-agonists on tissue and urinary taurine levels in rats. Mechanism and implications for protection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 403:233-45. [PMID: 8915360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0182-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Administration of clenbuterol to rats in the drinking water over a four day period increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into muscle protein but did not result in an increase in body or muscle weight. However, both urinary and liver taurine were significantly reduced at the highest dose of clenbuterol (2 mg.kg-1.day-1). Salbutamol also reduced urinary levels of taurine in both rats and humans. The reduction in the body pool of taurine caused by beta-agonists may be of concern as taurine has been shown to have protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Waterfield
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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