1
|
Gong L, Zhao L, Tan M, Pan T, He H, Wang Y, He X, Li W, Tang L, Nie L. Two-Photon Fluorescent Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:509-528. [PMID: 35057882 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, two-photon excited (TPE) materials have attracted great attentions because of their excellent advantages over conventional one-photon excited (OPE) materials, such as deep tissue penetration, three-dimensional spatial selectivity and low phototoxicity. Also, they have
been widely applied in lots of field, such as biosensing, imaging, photo-catalysis, photoelectric conversion, and therapy. In this article, we review recent advances in vibrant topic of two-photon fluorescent nanomaterials, including organic molecules, quantum dots (QDs), carbon dots (CDs)
and metal nanoclus-ters (MNCs). The optical properties, synthetic methods and important applications of TPE nanomaterials in biomedical field, such as biosensing, imaging and therapy are introduced. Also, the probable challenges and perspectives in the forthcoming development of two-photon
fluorescent nanomaterials are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Miduo Tan
- Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Huai He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang He
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Libo Nie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hashim HS, Fen YW, Sheh Omar NA, Abdullah J, Daniyal WMEMM, Saleviter S. Detection of phenol by incorporation of gold modified-enzyme based graphene oxide thin film with surface plasmon resonance technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9738-9752. [PMID: 32225575 DOI: 10.1364/oe.387027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the incorporation between gold modified-tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme based graphene oxide (GO) thin film with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique has been developed for the detection of phenol. SPR signal for the thin film contacted with phenol solution was monitored using SPR technique. From the SPR curve, sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been analyzed. The sensor produces a linear response for phenol up to 100 µM with sensitivity of 0.00193° µM-1. Next, it can be observed that deionized water has the lowest FWHM, with a value of 1.87° and also the highest value of DA. Besides, the SNR of the SPR signal was proportional to the phenol concentrations. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the modified thin film after exposed with phenol solution observed using atomic force microscopy showed a lot of sharp peaks compared to the image before in contact with phenol proved the interaction between the thin film and phenol.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cummings EA, Eggins BR, McAdams ET, Linquette-Mailley S, Mailley P, Madigan D, Clements M, Coleman C. Development of a Tyrosinase-Based, Screen-Printed Amperometric Electrode for the Detection of Flavanoid Polyphenols in Lager Beers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-59-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Cummings
- Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB
| | - B. R. Eggins
- School of Applied Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB
| | - E. T. McAdams
- Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB
| | - S. Linquette-Mailley
- Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 OQB
| | - P. Mailley
- DRFMC, CEA de Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, Cédex 9, France
| | - D. Madigan
- Guinness Ireland Group, St James's Gate, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - M. Clements
- Guinness Ireland Group, St James's Gate, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C. Coleman
- Guinness Ireland Group, St James's Gate, Dublin 8, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:854687. [PMID: 24895537 PMCID: PMC4033337 DOI: 10.1155/2014/854687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse the o-hydroxylation of monophenols into their corresponding o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polymerizes to form brown or black pigments. The synthesis of o-diphenols is a potentially valuable catalytic ability and thus tyrosinase has attracted a lot of attention with respect to industrial applications. In environmental technology it is used for the detoxification of phenol-containing wastewaters and contaminated soils, as biosensors for phenol monitoring, and for the production of L-DOPA in pharmaceutical industries, and is also used in cosmetic and food industries as important catalytic enzyme. Melanin pigment synthesized by tyrosinase has found applications for protection against radiation cation exchangers, drug carriers, antioxidants, antiviral agents, or immunogen. The recombinant V. spinosum tryosinase protein can be used to produce tailor-made melanin and other polyphenolic materials using various phenols and catechols as starting materials. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of microbial tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the industrial use of these enzymes. After that, their most promising applications in pharmaceutical, food processing, and environmental fields are presented.
Collapse
|
5
|
References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
Dragancea V, Sturza R, Boujtita M. Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes with Tyrosinase for Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Smoked Food. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2010. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2010.05(2).06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A screen-printed carbon electrode modified with tyrosinase (SPCE-Tyr/Paa/Glut) has been developed for the determination of phenol concentration in real samples. The resulting SPCE-Tyr/Paa/Glut was prepared in a one-step procedure, and was then optimized as an amperometric biosensor operating at 0 mV versus Ag/AgCl for phenol determination in flow injection mode. Phenol detection was realized by electrochemical reduction of quinone produced by tyrosinase activity. The possibility of using the developed biosensor to determine phenol concentrations in various smoked products (bacon, ham, chicken and salmon) was also evaluated. Gas chromatography (GC) method was used for result validation obtained in flow injection mode using amperometric biosensor. The result showed good correlation with those obtained by flowinjection analysis (FIA).
Collapse
|
7
|
Carralero V, Mena ML, Gonzalez-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Development of a high analytical performance-tyrosinase biosensor based on a composite graphite–Teflon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:730-6. [PMID: 16569498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of a new tyrosinase biosensor with improved stability and sensitivity is reported. The biosensor design is based on the construction of a graphite-Teflon composite electrode matrix in which the enzyme and colloidal gold nanoparticles are incorporated by simple physical inclusion. Experimental variables such as the colloidal gold loading into the composite matrix, the enzyme loading and the potential applied to the bioelectrode were optimized. The Tyr-Au(coll)-graphite-Teflon biosensor exhibited suitable amperometric responses at -0.10 V for the different phenolic compounds tested (catechol; phenol; 3,4-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-3-methylphenol; 4-chlorophenol; 4-chloro-2-methylphenol; 3-methylphenol and 4-methylphenol). The limits of detection obtained were 3 nM for catechol, 3.3 microM for 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, and approximately 20 nM for the rest of phenolic compounds. The presence of colloidal gold into the composite matrix gives rise to enhanced kinetics of both the enzyme reaction and the electrochemical reduction of the corresponding o-quinones at the electrode surface, thus allowing the achievement of a high sensitivity. The biosensor exhibited an excellent renewability by simple polishing, with a lifetime of at least 39 days without apparent loss of the immobilized enzyme activity. The usefulness of the biosensor for the analysis of real samples was evaluated by performing the estimation of the content of phenolic compounds in water samples of different characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Carralero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tembe S, Inamdar S, Haram S, Karve M, D'Souza SF. Electrochemical biosensor for catechol using agarose-guar gum entrapped tyrosinase. J Biotechnol 2006; 128:80-5. [PMID: 17113674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor using tyrosinase was constructed for the determination of catechol. The enzyme was extracted from a plant source Amorphophallus companulatus and entrapped in agarose-guar gum composite biopolymer matrix. Catechol was determined by direct reduction of biocatalytically liberated quinone species at -0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl (3M KCl). The response was found to be linear and concentration dependent in the range of 6 x 10(-5) to 8 x 10(-4)M with a lower detection limit of 6 microM. It has reusability up to 20 cycles and a shelf life of more than 2 months when stored at 4 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Tembe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu CY, Yao JP, Tang HW, Zhu SP, Hu JF. The electrochemical behavior of p-benzenediol on a self-assembled monolayers Pt electrode modified with N-(2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-N′-(4-substituted-arylacetyl) urea. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1905-11. [PMID: 17047947 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two novel N-(2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-N'-(4-substituted-arylacetyl) urea compounds have been synthesized, characterized by NMR and MS, and used as self-assembly reagents to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Pt electrodes. The modified electrodes were characterized by electrochemical methods. The electrochemical behavior of p-benzenediol at the SAMs electrodes was investigated. It was found that the electrochemical response to p-benzenediol is controlled by diffusion and can be electrocatalyzed to obtain more symmetrical redox peaks and higher voltammetric current response at the SAMs electrodes, with a peak separation of 80 mV. For p-benzenediol the process at the SAMs electrodes is quasi-reversible with a rate constant of 0.6742 s-1. The SAMs electrodes have been used to determine p-benzenediol by differential pulse voltammetry. The peak current was linear for concentrations of p-benzenediol in the range 1x10(-7)-5x10(-4) mol L-1 and the detection limit was 4.0x10(-8) mol L-1. The SAMs electrodes were used to determine p-benzenediol in real photographic developer and in a synthetic waste water sample; the standard addition recovery was in the range 96.6-100.4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-yin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunyang Teachers College, Danjiangkou, 442700, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kawakami M, Akamatsu N, Koya H, Amada K. Amperometric Detection of Phenol with Cytochrome C‐Modified Gold Electrode Using Dual Working Electrode System. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200050159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Development of a tyrosinase biosensor based on gold nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Sensing Characteristics of Tyrosinase Immobilized and Tyrosinase, Laccase Co-immobilized Platinum Electrodes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.8.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Amperometric tyrosinase based biosensor using an electropolymerized PTS-doped polypyrrole film as an entrapment support. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Rajesh, Pandey SS, Takashima W, Kaneto K. Development of an amperometric biosensor based on a redox-mediator-doped polypyrrole film. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Campuzano S, Serra B, Pedrero M, Villena FMD, Pingarrón JM. Amperometric flow-injection determination of phenolic compounds at self-assembled monolayer-based tyrosinase biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Chough S, Mulchandani A, Mulchandani P, Chen W, Wang J, Rogers K. Organophosphorus Hydrolase-Based Amperometric Sensor: Modulation of Sensitivity and Substrate Selectivity. ELECTROANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200202)14:4<273::aid-elan273>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Cosnier S, Szunerits S, Marks RS, Lellouche JP, Perie K. Mediated electrochemical detection of catechol by tyrosinase-based poly(dicarbazole) electrodes. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 50:65-77. [PMID: 11714513 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new dicarbazole derivative functionalised by an N-hydroxysuccinimide group has been synthesised and electrochemically characterised. Upon oxidative electropolymerisation of this monomer in organic electrolytes, electroactive poly(dicarbazole) films were formed on platinum electrodes. The subsequent chemical grafting of tyrosinase on the poly(dicarbazole) film was easily performed by immersion in an enzymatic aqueous solution. The amperometric response of the resulting biosensors to catechol has been studied at -0.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Since the reduction of quinone generates radicals which may induce electrode fouling, thionine, a phenothiazine dye, was covalently bound to the poly(dicarbazole) backbone as it mediates the reduction of quinoid products and therefore induces an enhancement of the performance of the tyrosinase-based biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cosnier
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Redox, UMR CNRS 5630, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, 301 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Cedex 9, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang S, Zhao H, John R. A dual-phase biosensing system for the determination of phenols in both aqueous and organic media. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Rubianes MD, Rivas GA. Amperometric Biosensor for Phenols and Catechols Based on Iridium-Polyphenol Oxidase-Modified Carbon Paste. ELECTROANAL 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200010)12:14<1159::aid-elan1159>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Vieira IDC, Fatibello-Filho O, Angnes L. Zucchini crude extract-palladium-modified carbon paste electrode for the determination of hydroquinone in photographic developers. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Coche-Guérente L, Desprez V, Diard JP, Labbé P. Amplification of amperometric biosensor responses by electrochemical substrate recycling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
24
|
Rogers KR, Becker JY, Wang J, Lu F. Determination of phenols in environmentally relevant matrices with the use of liquid chromatography with an enzyme electrode detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1999)3:3<161::aid-fact3>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Pravda M, Petit C, Michotte Y, Kauffmann JM, Vytřas K. Study of a new solid carbon paste tyrosinase-modified amperometric biosensor for the determination of catecholamines by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Mareikelutz ES, Dominguez E. Development and optimization of a solid composite tyrosinase biosensor for phenol detection in flow injection systems. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
28
|
Ozsoz M, Erdem A, Kilinc E, Gokgunnec L. Mushroom-based cobalt phthalocyanine dispersed amperometric biosensor for the determination of phenolic compounds. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Cosnier S, Popescu IC. Poly(amphiphilic pyrrole)-tyrosinase-peroxidase electrode for amplified flow injection-amperometric detection of phenol. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Flow-injection analysis of phenols at a graphite electrode modified with co-immobilised laccase and tyrosinase. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00404-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
31
|
Wang J, Chen Q. Microfabricated Phenol Biosensors Based on Screen Printing of Tyrosinase Containing Carbon Ink. ANAL LETT 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719508000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
32
|
Wang J, Lu F, Angnes L, Liu J, Sakslund H, Chen Q, Pedrero M, Chen L, Hammerich O. Remarkably selective metallized-carbon amperometric biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00341-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
|