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Pu SD, Gong C, Tang YT, Ning Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Yuan Y, Melvin D, Yang S, Pi L, Marie JJ, Hu B, Jenkins M, Li Z, Liu B, Tsang SCE, Marrow TJ, Reed RC, Gao X, Bruce PG, Robertson AW. Achieving Ultrahigh-Rate Planar and Dendrite-Free Zinc Electroplating for Aqueous Zinc Battery Anodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202552. [PMID: 35560650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most promising candidates for grid-level energy storage, practical aqueous zinc batteries are limited by dendrite formation, which leads to significantly compromised safety and cycling performance. In this study, by using single-crystal Zn-metal anodes, reversible electrodeposition of planar Zn with a high capacity of 8 mAh cm-2 can be achieved at an unprecedentedly high current density of 200 mA cm-2 . This dendrite-free electrode is well maintained even after prolonged cycling (>1200 cycles at 50 mA cm- 2 ). Such excellent electrochemical performance is due to single-crystal Zn suppressing the major sources of defect generation during electroplating and heavily favoring planar deposition morphologies. As so few defect sites form, including those that would normally be found along grain boundaries or to accommodate lattice mismatch, there is little opportunity for dendritic structures to nucleate, even under extreme plating rates. This scarcity of defects is in part due to perfect atomic-stitching between merging Zn islands, ensuring no defective shallow-angle grain boundaries are formed and thus removing a significant source of non-planar Zn nucleation. It is demonstrated that an ideal high-rate Zn anode should offer perfect lattice matching as this facilitates planar epitaxial Zn growth and minimizes the formation of any defective regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda D Pu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Yuanbo T Tang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Ziyang Ning
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Shengming Zhang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Dominic Melvin
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Sixie Yang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Liquan Pi
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - John-Joseph Marie
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Bingkun Hu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Max Jenkins
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - S C Edman Tsang
- The Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - T James Marrow
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Roger C Reed
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Xiangwen Gao
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Peter G Bruce
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
- The Henry Royce Institute, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Alex W Robertson
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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