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Obradović D, Komsta Ł, Stavrianidi AN, Shpigun OA, Pokrovskiy OI, Vujić Z. Retention mechanisms of imidazoline and piperazine-related compounds in non-aqueous hydrophilic interaction and supercritical fluid chromatography based on chemometric design and analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463340. [PMID: 35905682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The experimental design methodology based on central composite design of experiments was applied to compare the retention mechanisms in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and non-aqueous hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (NA-HILIC). The selected set consists of 26 compounds that belong to imidazoline and serotonin receptor ligands. The different chemometric tools (multiple linear regression, principal component analysis, parallel factor analysis) were used to examine the retention, as well as to identify the most significant retention mechanisms. The retention mechanism was investigated on two different stationary phases (diol, and mixed-mode diol). In NA-HILIC, the mobile phase contains acetonitrile as a main component, and methanolic solution of ammonium formate (+ 0.1% of formic acid) as a modifier. The same mobile phase modifier was used in SFC, with a difference in the main component of the mobile phase which was CO2. The retention behaviour differs significantly between HILIC and SFC conditions. The retention pattern in HILIC mode was more partition-like, while in SFC the solute-sorbent interactions allowed retention. The retention mechanism between mixed-mode diol and the diol phases varies depending on the applied chromatographic mode, e.g., in HILIC the type of stationary phase significantly affects the elution order, while in SFC this was not the case. The HILIC retention behaviour was influenced by the number of tertiary amines-aliphatic, and N atom-centred fragments in tested compounds. On the other hand, the number of pyrrole and pyridine rings in the structure of the compound showed correlation with their SFC retention, simultaneously increasing the molecular weight and rapid elution of larger compounds. It was found that temperature surprisingly plays a major role in SFC mode. The increase in temperature reduces the relative contribution of enthalpy factors to total retention, so the separation in SFC was more entropy-controlled. For further pharmaceutical research and optimization, the SFC would be considered more beneficial compared to HILIC since it gives good selectivity in separation of chosen impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obradović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ł Komsta
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczwsjiego 4, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - A N Stavrianidi
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia; A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - O A Shpigun
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - O I Pokrovskiy
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, GSP-1, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Z Vujić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Łyszczarz E, Brniak W, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Majka TM, Majda D, Zych M, Pielichowski K, Jachowicz R. The Impact of the Preparation Method on the Properties of Orodispersible Films with Aripiprazole: Electrospinning vs. Casting and 3D Printing Methods. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1122. [PMID: 34452083 PMCID: PMC8401512 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) address the needs of pediatric and geriatric patients and people with swallowing difficulties due to fast disintegration in the mouth. Typically, they are obtained using the solvent casting method, but other techniques such as 3D printing and electrospinning have already been investigated. The decision on the manufacturing method is of crucial importance because it affects film properties. This study aimed to compare electrospun ODFs containing aripiprazole and polyvinyl alcohol with films prepared using casting and 3D printing methods. Characterization of films included DSC and XRD analysis, microscopic analysis, the assessment of mechanical parameters, disintegration, and dissolution tests. Simplified stability studies were performed after one month of storage. All prepared films met acceptance criteria for mechanical properties. Electrospun ODFs disintegrated in 1.0 s, which was much less than in the case of other films. Stability studies have shown the sensitivity of electrospun films to the storage condition resulting in partial recrystallization of ARP. These changes negatively affected the dissolution rate, but mechanical properties and disintegration time remained at a desirable level. The results demonstrated that electrospun fibers are promising solutions that can be used in the future for the treatment of patients with swallowing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Łyszczarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Witold Brniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Tomasz M. Majka
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (T.M.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorota Majda
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marta Zych
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Krzysztof Pielichowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (T.M.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (E.Ł.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
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Liu W, Ma R, Liang F, Duan C, Zhang G, Chen Y, Hao C. New Cocrystals of Antipsychotic Drug Aripiprazole: Decreasing the Dissolution through Cocrystallization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092414. [PMID: 33919175 PMCID: PMC8122301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystallization is an important route to tuning the solubility in drugs development, including improving and reducing. Five cocrystals of aripiprazole (ARI) with resveratrol (RSV) and kaempferol (KAE), ARI-RSV, ARI2-RSV1·MeOH, ARI-KAE, ARI-KAE·EtOH, ARI-KAE·IPA, were synthesized and characterized. The single crystal of ARI2-RSV1·MeOH, ARI-KAE·EtOH, and ARI-KAE·IPA were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The SCXRD showed multiple intermolecular interactions between API and the coformers, including hydrogen bond, halogen bond, and π-π interactions. Dissolution rate of the two nonsolvate ARI-RSV and ARI-KAE cocrystals were investigated through powder dissolution experiment in pH = 4.0 acetate buffer and pH = 6.8 phosphate buffer. The result showed that RSV could reduce the dissolution rate and solubility of ARI in both medium through cocrystallization. However, KAE improved the dissolution rate and solubility of ARI in pH = 4.0 medium, on the contrary, the two solubility indicators of ARI were both reduced for ARI-KAE cocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ru Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Feifei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chenxin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guisen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (C.H.); Tel.: +86-27-87792235 (C.H.)
| | - Chao Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (W.L.); (R.M.); (F.L.); (C.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (C.H.); Tel.: +86-27-87792235 (C.H.)
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Chmiel K, Jurkiewicz K, Wojnarowska Z, Kurek M, Jachowicz R, Paluch M. Influence of Polymeric Additive on the Physical Stability and Viscoelastic Properties of Aripiprazole. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1742-1750. [PMID: 30848603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we investigated aripiprazole + Kollidon VA64 (ARP/KVA) and aripiprazole + Soluplus (ARP/SOP) amorphous solid dispersions. Thermal properties of all prepared systems have been examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compositions revealing the recrystallization tendency were subsequently investigated by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). On the basis of dielectric data, the physically stable drug-polymer concentrations have been found. Finally, these systems have been investigated by rheology, which enables us to determine the minimal temperature required for dissolving the drug in the polymeric matrix, as well as the temperature dependence of the sample viscosity. Our investigations have shown that the amorphous form of the investigated antipsychotic drug might be effectively stabilized by both employed polymers. However, due to the better stabilization effect and the more favorable rheological properties, KVA proved to be a better polymeric excipient for extrusion of amorphous aripiprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics , University of Silesia, SMCEBI , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a , 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Institute of Physics , University of Silesia, SMCEBI , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a , 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics , University of Silesia, SMCEBI , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a , 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics , University of Silesia, SMCEBI , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a , 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9 , 30-688 Kraków , Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics , University of Silesia, SMCEBI , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a , 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
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Process control and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of aripiprazole sustained-release microcrystals for intramuscular injection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:193-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Osuna-Luque J, Rodríguez-Ramos Á, Gámez-Del-Estal MDM, Ruiz-Rubio M. Behavioral Mechanisms That Depend on Dopamine and Serotonin in Caenorhabditis elegans Interact With the Antipsychotics Risperidone and Aripiprazole. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518798628. [PMID: 30245571 PMCID: PMC6144587 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518798628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin participate in specific behavioral neuromuscular mechanisms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dopamine is involved in the gentle touch response and serotonin in the pharyngeal pumping rate. In its genome, the worm presents genes encoding dopamine and serotonin receptors orthologous to those of human genes. Risperidone and aripiprazole are a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics commonly used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. Risperidone is an antagonist of the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Aripiprazole functions as a partial agonist of the dopamine D2 receptor and as a partial agonist and antagonist of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, respectively. Our results show that risperidone and aripiprazole alter the touch response and pharyngeal pumping in wild-type worm animals. Furthermore, in the presence of the drugs, both behaviors change to varying degrees in dopamine (dop-1, dop-2, and dop-3), serotonin (ser-1), and tyramine (ser-2) receptor-deficient mutants. This variation in response reveals specific targets for these antipsychotics in the nematode. Interestingly, their effect on behavior persisted to some extent in successive generations, indicating that they might induce epigenetic changes throughout development. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, eliminated the consecutive generation effect of both drugs. In addition, these transgenerational effects were also abolished after the dauer stage. These observations suggest that risperidone and aripiprazole, in addition to interacting with specific receptors impairing the function of the nervous system of the nematode, may lead to the deposition of long-lasting epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Osuna-Luque
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Ramos
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Gámez-Del-Estal
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,University Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Ahmed Z, Subhan F, Ahmed S, Abdur Rasheed Q, Ahmed S, Shahid M, Farooq S. Development of fixed dose combination tablets of aripiprazole plus divalproex sodium and their simultaneous determination using HPLC-UV. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1393-405. [PMID: 26727505 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1137305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A vast majority of psychiatric patients are effectively treated with combination of drugs to improve efficacy and adherence, but due to limited research and development in fixed dose combination (FDC) in psychiatry, these products are not commonly available. The aim of this study is to prepare cost effective FDC tablets containing aripiprazole and divalproex sodium. Two batches of fixed dose combination tablets, FDC1 and FDC2, were successfully prepared using wet granulation technique. Furthermore, aripiprazole tablets A1 and A2 and divalproex tablets D1 were also formulated as reference to compare the in vitro availability profile. An accurate and simple isocratic HPLC method was established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of aripiprazole and valproic acid in the FDC tablets. A reversed-phase C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) column in isocratic mode was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.32% KH2PO4 (60:40, v/v), flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min and the detection was performed at 210 nm. Average percent recoveries of aripiprazole and valproic acid were 96.0 and 95.5%, respectively, meeting the official requirements. The newly developed FDC product may be used for the better therapeutic outcomes of combined use of aripiprazole and valproic acid, which may improve patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan ;,b Department of Pharmacy , Hazara University , Havelian Campus , Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Saba Ahmed
- c Department of Chemistry , Hazara University , Mansehra , Pakistan
| | - Qazi Abdur Rasheed
- d Genome Pharmaceutical Industry (Pvt) , Hattar Industrial Estate , Haripur , Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- b Department of Pharmacy , Hazara University , Havelian Campus , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Saeed Farooq
- e Department of Psychiatry , Postgraduate Medical Institution, Lady Reading Hospital , Peshawar , Pakistan
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Remenar JF. Making the leap from daily oral dosing to long-acting injectables: lessons from the antipsychotics. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1739-49. [PMID: 24679167 DOI: 10.1021/mp500070m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are now long-acting versions of six antipsychotic drugs on the U.S. market, and with them, five unique combinations of molecular form and delivery strategy long-acting-injectable-antipsychotics (LAIAs) show evidence of reduced relapses of schizophrenia, but their introduction has been slow, taking at least nine years after the approval of each oral drug. Oily solutions of lipophilic prodrugs were the first to enter the LAIA market, but they relied on esterification of a hydroxyl handle that was lost with the emergence of the atypical antipsychotics. A review of the literature and patents shows that companies tested many different approaches before reaching the currently marketed versions, including aqueous suspensions of poorly soluble salts, polymeric microspheres, and new approaches to making prodrugs. Yet, very little has been published to support faster development of safe long-acting injectables (LAIs). This review introduces some of the critical considerations in creating an LAI; then it analyzes the existing products and discusses areas where further research is needed. The available literature suggests that lipophilic prodrugs may be inherently safer than poorly soluble salts as LAIs. Other areas needing additional study include (1) the range of physical properties acceptable for LAIs and the effect of prodrug tail length in achieving them, and (2) the role of physiological responses at the injection site in the release of drug from a depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius F Remenar
- Alkermes, plc, 852 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451-1420, United States
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