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Lingelbach K, Gado S, Wirzberger M, Vukelić M. Workload-dependent hemispheric asymmetries during the emotion-cognition interaction: a close-to-naturalistic fNIRS study. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 4:1273810. [PMID: 38234490 PMCID: PMC10790862 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1273810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated brain activation patterns of interacting emotional distractions and cognitive processes in a close-to-naturalistic functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study. Methods Eighteen participants engaged in a monitoring-control task, mimicking common air traffic controller requirements. The scenario entailed experiencing both low and high workload, while concurrently being exposed to emotional speech distractions of positive, negative, and neutral valence. Results Our investigation identified hemispheric asymmetries in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the presentation of negative and positive emotional speech distractions at different workload levels. Thereby, in particular, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) seems to play a crucial role. Brain activation patterns revealed a cross-over interaction indicating workload-dependent left hemispheric inhibition processes during negative distractions and high workload. For positive emotional distractions under low workload, we observed left-hemispheric PFC recruitment potentially associated with speech-related processes. Furthermore, we found a workload-independent negativity bias for neutral distractions, showing brain activation patterns similar to those of negative distractions. Discussion In conclusion, lateralized hemispheric processing, regulating emotional speech distractions and integrating emotional and cognitive processes, is influenced by workload levels and stimulus characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the factors modulating hemispheric asymmetries during the processing and inhibition of emotional distractions, as well as the interplay between emotion and cognition. Moreover, they emphasize the significance of exploring emotion-cognition interactions in more naturalistic settings to gain a deeper understanding of their implications in real-world application scenarios (e.g., working and learning environments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lingelbach
- Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
- Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gado
- Experimental Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Wirzberger
- Department of Teaching and Learning with Intelligent Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Vukelić
- Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gainotti G. Some historical notes orienting towards brain mechanisms that could underlie hemispheric asymmetries. Cortex 2023; 163:26-41. [PMID: 37054549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The first minor aim of this synthetical historical survey consisted in showing that the discovery of the internal organization of language within the left hemisphere has been mainly determined by theoretical models and cultural factors, whereas the discovery of the left lateralisation of language and of the right lateralization of emotions and of other cognitive and perceptual functions has been mainly determined by empirical observations. A second more relevant aim of the survey consisted in discussing historical and more recent data suggesting that the different lateralisation of language and emotions has influenced not only the asymmetrical representation of other cognitive, affective and perceptual functions, but also (thank to the shaping influence of language on human cognition) of asymmetries regarding more general aspects of thought (such as the distinctions between 'propositional vs automatic' and 'conscious vs unconscious' ways of functioning). In the last part of the review, these data will be included in a more general discussion, concerning the brain functions that could be subsumed by the right hemisphere for three main reasons: (a) to avoid conflicts with the language mediated activities of the left hemisphere; (b) because of unconscious and automatic aspects of its non-verbal organisation or (c) due to the competition for cortical space determined by the development of language within the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gainotti
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Roma, Italy.
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3
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Gordon EM, Laumann TO, Marek S, Newbold DJ, Hampton JM, Seider NA, Montez DF, Nielsen AM, Van AN, Zheng A, Miller R, Siegel JS, Kay BP, Snyder AZ, Greene DJ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE, Nelson SM, Dosenbach NUF. Individualized Functional Subnetworks Connect Human Striatum and Frontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2868-2884. [PMID: 34718460 PMCID: PMC9247416 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum and cerebral cortex are interconnected via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate corticostriatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited in part by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individual-specific precision functional mapping (PFM) of corticostriatal connections. We identified ten individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex-predominately frontal cortex-to striatum, most of which converged with nonhuman primate tract-tracing work. These included separable connections between nucleus accumbens core/shell and orbitofrontal/medial frontal gyrus; between anterior striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; between dorsal caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex; and between middle/posterior putamen and supplementary motor/primary motor cortex. Two subnetworks that did not converge with nonhuman primates were connected to cortical regions associated with human language function. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific, neurobiologically plausible corticostriatal connectivity that includes human-specific language networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashley M Nielsen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryland Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Laporta-Hoyos O, Pannek K, Pagnozzi AM, Whittingham K, Wotherspoon J, Benfer K, Fiori S, Ware RS, Boyd RN. Cognitive, academic, executive and psychological functioning in children with spastic motor type cerebral palsy: Influence of extent, location, and laterality of brain lesions. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 38:33-46. [PMID: 35381411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate, in spastic motor-type cerebral palsy, the association between 1) the location and extent of brain lesions and numerous psychological outcomes; 2) the laterality of brain lesions and performance of verbal-related cognitive functions. METHODS The semi-quantitative scale for MRI (sqMRI) was scored for 101 children with cerebral palsy. Non-verbal and verbal proxy intelligence quotients (IQ), word reading, spelling, numerical operations skills, executive functioning, and psychological adjustment were assessed. Relationships between global and regional sqMRI scores and clinical scores were examined. The best multivariable linear regression model for each outcome was identified using the Bayesian Information Criteria. Regional sqMRI scores, gross motor functioning, manual ability, and epilepsy status were considered for inclusion as covariables. Where sqMRI scores made statistically significant contributions to models of verbal-related functioning, data were reanalysed including these sqMRI scores' laterality index. Verbal-related outcomes were compared between participants with left-sided versus bilateral brain lesions. RESULTS Medial dorsal thalamus and parietal lobe lesions significantly accounted for poorer verbal proxy-IQ. Left-hemisphere lateralization of temporal lobe lesions was associated with poorer verbal proxy-IQ. Participants with bilateral lesions performed significantly better than those with unilateral left-sided lesions in verbal cognitive functions. Controlling for epilepsy diagnosis, participants with ventral posterior lateral thalamus lesions presented with better Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function scores, although within the normal range. sqMRI scores were not significantly associated with some psychological outcomes or these only bordered on significance after accounting for relevant control variables. CONCLUSION The laterality of early-life lesions influences the development of verbal-related cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Laporta-Hoyos
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Alex M Pagnozzi
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jane Wotherspoon
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kath Benfer
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Hamaoui J, Maumy-Bertrand M, Segond H. Laterality and visuospatial strategies among young children: A novel 3D-2D transcription task. Laterality 2021; 26:645-679. [PMID: 33634737 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.1892715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings showed that children, like adults, exhibit directional biases leading to asymmetrical drawings. This appears to be the result of a complex interaction between several biological, motoric, and cultural factors. We created a drawing task designed to investigate the influence of laterality (i.e., hemispherical functional specialization and handedness) and sex on children's graphical asymmetries. This task consists of transcribing a symmetrical three-dimensional landscape model to a two-dimensional representation. Sixty-six French pre-school children, aged between 5 and 6 years, were asked to undertake the 3D-2D transcription task, as well as the classical Alter's directionality task. The novel task exhibited higher sensitivity than the Alter's directionality test when examining the spatial biases resulting from handedness, and sex. Specific drawing patterns related to these variables were identified. These results suggest that, in addition to the influence of biomechanical factors and handedness, sex plays a role in children's early graphomotor development. They also support the influence of laterality as a key factor underlying early directional biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Hamaoui
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions (UR 4440), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Hervé Segond
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Cognitions (UR 4440), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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No evidence that footedness in pheasants influences cognitive performance in tasks assessing colour discrimination and spatial ability. Learn Behav 2020; 48:84-95. [PMID: 31916193 PMCID: PMC7082386 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-019-00402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The differential specialization of each side of the brain facilitates the parallel processing of information and has been documented in a wide range of animals. Animals that are more lateralized as indicated by consistent preferential limb use are commonly reported to exhibit superior cognitive ability as well as other behavioural advantages. We assayed the lateralization of 135 young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), indicated by their footedness in a spontaneous stepping task, and related this measure to individual performance in either 3 assays of visual or spatial learning and memory. We found no evidence that pronounced footedness enhances cognitive ability in any of the tasks. We also found no evidence that an intermediate footedness relates to better cognitive performance. This lack of relationship is surprising because previous work revealed that pheasants have a slight population bias towards right footedness, and when released into the wild, individuals with higher degrees of footedness were more likely to die. One explanation for why extreme lateralization is constrained was that it led to poorer cognitive performance, or that optimal cognitive performance was associated with some intermediate level of lateralization. This stabilizing selection could explain the pattern of moderate lateralization that is seen in most non-human species that have been studied. However, we found no evidence in this study to support this explanation.
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Chakrabarty M, Pflieger EM, Cardillo E, Chatterjee A. Effects of Chronic Brain Injury on Quality of Life: A Study in Patients With Left- or Right-Sided Lesion. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2019; 2:100031. [PMID: 33543061 PMCID: PMC7853383 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To test the hypothesis that quality of life (QOL) is made up of different components, and each of these has different anatomic and demographic contributors. Design Questionnaire-based study. Setting Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania. Participants People with chronic brain injury (N=52) volunteered for the study. After excluding patients with severe communication deficits, bilateral lesions, and incomplete data, 42 patients with focal lesions were included in the final study: 22 patients with left hemisphere injury (LHI) (9 women and 13 men; mean age ± SD, 60.6±11.2y [range: 36-83]; mean chronicity ± SD, 11.5±4.2y) and 20 patients with right hemisphere injury [RHI] (16 women and 4 men; mean age ± SD [62.7±12.8y] [range: 31-79]; mean chronicity ± SD 10.1±4.3y). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures We administered the RAND36-Item Health Survey (RAND-Version-1.0), Stroke Impact Scale (version 3.0), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and Distress Thermometer to measure QOL in LHI and RHI patients. Exploratory factor analysis with principal component method reduced these measures to 5 factors, roughly categorized as-(1) physical functioning; (2) general health; (3) emotional health; (4) social functioning; and (5) cognitive functioning. Exploratory analyses attempted to relate these factor scores to demographic variables, neuroanatomical data, and neuropsychological measures. Results Physical functioning was the biggest contributor to reduced QOL, explaining 32.5%, of the variance. Older age, less education, and larger lesion size predicted poorer physical functioning (P<.001). Age also affected emotional health. (P=.019). Younger patients reported poorer emotional health than older patients. LHI patients reported less satisfaction with their cognitive functioning (P=.009) and RHI patients with their physical functioning (P=.06). Exploratory neuroanatomical analyses hinted at brain areas that may be associated with the perception of disability in each QOL component. Conclusions QOL is composed of 5 components. Clinical and demographic factors appear to differentially affect these aspects of patients' perceived QOL, providing hypotheses for further testing and suggesting potential relations for therapeutic interventions to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushree Chakrabarty
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding author Madhushree Chakrabarty, PhD, 126, Jodhpur Park, Kolkata 68, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Eileen Cardillo
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anjan Chatterjee
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Siuda-Krzywicka K, Boros M, Bartolomeo P, Witzel C. The biological bases of colour categorisation: From goldfish to the human brain. Cortex 2019; 118:82-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Burlakoti A, Kumaratilake J, Taylor J, Henneberg M. Asymmetries of total arterial supply of cerebral hemispheres do not exist. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01086. [PMID: 30671556 PMCID: PMC6328356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total blood supply to an organ, or its part, is proportional to its function. The aim of this project was to investigate whether there is a lateralisation of total functions of cerebral hemispheres by determining differences in the arterial blood supply to left and right cerebral hemispheres. METHODS Diameters of right and left anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were measured at specific sites and cross-sectional areas calculated in 203 adult brains (51 donated and dissected brain specimens and 152 cerebral arterial Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography images). FINDINGS The sample size was large enough to provide a power of detecting as significant differences of 4%, but neither of the average cross-sectional areas of right anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were significantly different from those of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries of the left side. Furthermore, combined areas of the three right cerebral arteries were not significantly different from combined areas of the left three arteries. This clearly indicates that the blood supply into the right cerebral hemisphere is not different from that of the left cerebral hemisphere. Therefore, there is no total functional lateralisation between the two cerebral hemispheres. CONCLUSION Brain lateralisation, frequently discussed in the literature, does not deferentially influence the total activity levels of cerebral hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Burlakoti
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Biological and Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jaliya Kumaratilake
- Adelaide Medical School, Biological and Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jamie Taylor
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Adelaide Medical School, Biological and Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Ocklenburg S, Packheiser J, Schmitz J, Rook N, Güntürkün O, Peterburs J, Grimshaw GM. Hugs and kisses - The role of motor preferences and emotional lateralization for hemispheric asymmetries in human social touch. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:353-360. [PMID: 30339836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social touch is an important aspect of human social interaction - across all cultures, humans engage in kissing, cradling and embracing. These behaviors are necessarily asymmetric, but the factors that determine their lateralization are not well-understood. Because the hands are often involved in social touch, motor preferences may give rise to asymmetric behavior. However, social touch often occurs in emotional contexts, suggesting that biases might be modulated by asymmetries in emotional processing. Social touch may therefore provide unique insights into lateralized brain networks that link emotion and action. Here, we review the literature on lateralization of cradling, kissing and embracing with respect to motor and emotive bias theories. Lateral biases in all three forms of social touch are influenced, but not fully determined by handedness. Thus, motor bias theory partly explains side biases in social touch. However, emotional context also affects side biases, most strongly for embracing. Taken together, literature analysis reveals that side biases in social touch are most likely determined by a combination of motor and emotive biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Julian Packheiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Schmitz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Noemi Rook
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Biological Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gina M Grimshaw
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Ocklenburg S, Friedrich P, Fraenz C, Schlüter C, Beste C, Güntürkün O, Genç E. Neurite architecture of the planum temporale predicts neurophysiological processing of auditory speech. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar6830. [PMID: 30009258 PMCID: PMC6040861 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar6830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The left hemispheric advantage in speech perception is reflected in faster neurophysiological processing. On the basis of postmortem data, it has been suggested that asymmetries in the organization of the intrinsic microcircuitry of the posterior temporal lobe may produce this leftward timing advantage. However, whether this hypothetical structure-function relationship exists in vivo has never been empirically validated. To test this assumption, we used in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging to quantify microcircuitry in terms of axon and dendrite complexity of the left and right planum temporale in 98 individuals. We found that a higher density of dendrites and axons in the temporal speech area is associated with faster neurophysiological processing of auditory speech, as reflected by electroencephalography. Our results imply that a higher density and higher number of synaptic contacts in the left posterior temporal lobe increase temporal precision and decrease latency of neurophysiological processes in this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Ocklenburg S, Gerding WM, Raane M, Arning L, Genç E, Epplen JT, Güntürkün O, Beste C. PLP1 Gene Variation Modulates Leftward and Rightward Functional Hemispheric Asymmetries. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7691-7700. [PMID: 29435918 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular neurobiological factors determining corpus callosum physiology and anatomy have been suggested to be one of the major factors determining functional hemispheric asymmetries. Recently, it was shown that allelic variations in two myelin-related genes, the proteolipid protein 1 gene PLP1 and the contactin 1 gene CNTN1, are associated with differences in interhemispheric integration. Here, we investigated whether three single nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with interhemispheric integration via the corpus callosum in a previous study also are relevant for functional hemispheric asymmetries. To this end, we tested more than 900 healthy adults with the forced attention dichotic listening task, a paradigm to assess language lateralization and its modulation by cognitive control processes. Moreover, we used the line bisection task, a paradigm to assess functional hemispheric asymmetries in spatial attention. We found that a polymorphism in PLP1, but not CNTN1, was associated with performance differences in both tasks. Both functional hemispheric asymmetries and their modulation by cognitive control processes were affected. These findings suggest that both left and right hemisphere dominant cognitive functions can be modulated by allelic variation in genes affecting corpus callosum structure. Moreover, higher order cognitive processes may be relevant parameters when investigating the molecular basis of hemispheric asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Wanda M Gerding
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximilian Raane
- Faculty of Health, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Faculty of Health, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067, Klecany, Czech Republic
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14
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Larsson M. Did heart asymmetry play a role in the evolution of human handedness? JOURNAL OF CULTURAL COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41809-017-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Tang H, Riley MR, Constantinidis C. Lateralization of Executive Function: Working Memory Advantage for Same Hemifield Stimuli in the Monkey. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:532. [PMID: 29018321 PMCID: PMC5623043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory capacity, the amount of information that may be maintained in mind over a period of seconds, is extremely limited, to a handful of items. Some evidence exists that the number of visual items that may be maintained in working memory is independent for the two hemifields. To test this idea, we trained monkeys to perform visual working memory tasks that required maintenance in memory of the locations and/or shapes of 3–5 visual stimuli. We then tested whether systematic performance differences were present for stimuli concentrated in the same hemifield, vs. distributed across hemifields. We found little evidence to support the expectation that working memory capacity is independent in the two hemifields. Instead, when an advantage of stimulus arrangement was present, it involved multiple stimuli presented in the same hemifield. This conclusion was consistent across variations of the task, performance levels, and apparent strategies adopted by individual subjects. This result suggests that factors such as grouping that favor processing of stimuli in relative proximity may counteract the benefits of independent processing in the two hemispheres. Our results reveal an important property of working memory and place constraints on models of working memory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,School of Life Science and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mitchell R Riley
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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16
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Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S. Ontogenesis of Lateralization. Neuron 2017; 94:249-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Prather JF, Okanoya K, Bolhuis JJ. Brains for birds and babies: Neural parallels between birdsong and speech acquisition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 81:225-237. [PMID: 28087242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Language as a computational cognitive mechanism appears to be unique to the human species. However, there are remarkable behavioral similarities between song learning in songbirds and speech acquisition in human infants that are absent in non-human primates. Here we review important neural parallels between birdsong and speech. In both cases there are separate but continually interacting neural networks that underlie vocal production, sensorimotor learning, and auditory perception and memory. As in the case of human speech, neural activity related to birdsong learning is lateralized, and mirror neurons linking perception and performance may contribute to sensorimotor learning. In songbirds that are learning their songs, there is continual interaction between secondary auditory regions and sensorimotor regions, similar to the interaction between Wernicke's and Broca's areas in human infants acquiring speech and language. Taken together, song learning in birds and speech acquisition in humans may provide useful insights into the evolution and mechanisms of auditory-vocal learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Prather
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, USA.
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johan J Bolhuis
- Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Zoology and St. Catharine's College, University of Cambridge, UK
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18
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Abstract
Understanding the process by which the cerebral hemispheres reach their mature functional organization remains challenging. We propose a theoretical account in which, in the domain of vision, faces and words come to be represented adjacent to retinotopic cortex by virtue of the need to discriminate among homogeneous exemplars. Orthographic representations are further constrained to be proximal to typically left-lateralized language-related information to minimize connectivity length between visual and language areas. As reading is acquired, orthography comes to rely more heavily (albeit not exclusively) on the left fusiform region to bridge vision and language. Consequently, due to competition from emerging word representations, face representations that were initially bilateral become lateralized to the right fusiform region (albeit, again, not exclusively). We review recent research that describes constraints that give rise to this graded hemispheric arrangement. We then summarize empirical evidence from a variety of studies (behavioral, evoked response potential, functional imaging) across different populations (children, adolescents, and adults; left handers and individuals with developmental dyslexia) that supports the claims that hemispheric lateralization is graded rather than binary and that this graded organization emerges dynamically over the course of development. Perturbations of this system either during development or in adulthood provide further insights into the principles governing hemispheric organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David C Plaut
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Roldan-Valadez E, Suarez-May MA, Favila R, Aguilar-Castañeda E, Rios C. Selected Gray Matter Volumes and Gender but Not Basal Ganglia nor Cerebellum Gyri Discriminate Left Versus Right Cerebral Hemispheres: Multivariate Analyses in human Brains at 3T. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1336-46. [PMID: 25902919 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the lateralization of the human brain is evident through a multidisciplinary number of scientific studies. Understanding volumetric brain asymmetries allows the distinction between normal development stages and behavior, as well as brain diseases. We aimed to evaluate volumetric asymmetries in order to select the best gyri able to classify right- versus left cerebral hemispheres. A cross-sectional study performed in 47 right-handed young-adults healthy volunteers. SPM-based software performed brain segmentation, automatic labeling and volumetric analyses for 54 regions involving the cerebral lobes, basal ganglia and cerebellum from each cerebral hemisphere. Multivariate discriminant analysis (DA) allowed the assembling of a predictive model. DA revealed one discriminant function that significantly differentiated left vs. right cerebral hemispheres: Wilks' λ = 0.008, χ(2) (9) = 238.837, P < 0.001. The model explained 99.20% of the variation in the grouping variable and depicted an overall predictive accuracy of 98.8%. With the influence of gender; the selected gyri able to discriminate between hemispheres were middle orbital frontal gyrus (g.), angular g., supramarginal g., middle cingulum g., inferior orbital frontal g., calcarine g., inferior parietal lobule and the pars triangularis inferior frontal g. Specific brain gyri are able to accurately classify left vs. right cerebral hemispheres by using a multivariate approach; the selected regions correspond to key brain areas involved in attention, internal thought, vision and language; our findings favored the concept that lateralization has been evolutionary favored by mental processes increasing cognitive efficiency and brain capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
- MRI Unit, Division of Medial Imaging, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela A Suarez-May
- MRI Unit, Division of Medial Imaging, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Favila
- GE Healthcare, Division of Healthcare, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Aguilar-Castañeda
- Cognitive and Behavioral Unit, Department of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Rios
- Neurochemistry Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Streri A, de Hevia MD. Manual lateralization in infancy. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1575. [PMID: 25628592 PMCID: PMC4290483 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Streri
- University Paris Descartes Paris, France ; Laboratoire Psychology de la Perception, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France
| | - Maria Dolores de Hevia
- University Paris Descartes Paris, France ; Laboratoire Psychology de la Perception, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France
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21
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Ocklenburg S, Hirnstein M, Beste C, Güntürkün O. Lateralization and cognitive systems. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1143. [PMID: 25339936 PMCID: PMC4189433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Bergen fMRI Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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22
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Mazoyer B, Zago L, Jobard G, Crivello F, Joliot M, Perchey G, Mellet E, Petit L, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Gaussian mixture modeling of hemispheric lateralization for language in a large sample of healthy individuals balanced for handedness. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101165. [PMID: 24977417 PMCID: PMC4076312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric lateralization for language production and its relationships with manual preference and manual preference strength were studied in a sample of 297 subjects, including 153 left-handers (LH). A hemispheric functional lateralization index (HFLI) for language was derived from fMRI acquired during a covert sentence generation task as compared with a covert word list recitation. The multimodal HFLI distribution was optimally modeled using a mixture of 3 and 4 Gaussian functions in right-handers (RH) and LH, respectively. Gaussian function parameters helped to define 3 types of language hemispheric lateralization, namely "Typical" (left hemisphere dominance with clear positive HFLI values, 88% of RH, 78% of LH), "Ambilateral" (no dominant hemisphere with HFLI values close to 0, 12% of RH, 15% of LH) and "Strongly-atypical" (right-hemisphere dominance with clear negative HFLI values, 7% of LH). Concordance between dominant hemispheres for hand and for language did not exceed chance level, and most of the association between handedness and language lateralization was explained by the fact that all Strongly-atypical individuals were left-handed. Similarly, most of the relationship between language lateralization and manual preference strength was explained by the fact that Strongly-atypical individuals exhibited a strong preference for their left hand. These results indicate that concordance of hemispheric dominance for hand and for language occurs barely above the chance level, except in a group of rare individuals (less than 1% in the general population) who exhibit strong right hemisphere dominance for both language and their preferred hand. They call for a revisit of models hypothesizing common determinants for handedness and for language dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Zago
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaël Jobard
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guy Perchey
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, et Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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23
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The ontogenesis of language lateralization and its relation to handedness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 43:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Levina AS, Shiryaeva NV, Vaido AI, Dyuzhikova NA. Effect of NMDA receptor activity on histone H3 methylation and its asymmetry in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons of rats with different excitability thresholds under normal and stress conditions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093013060091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Huang S, Xu W, Su B, Luo L. Distinct mechanisms determine organ left-right asymmetry patterning in an uncoupled way. Bioessays 2014; 36:293-304. [PMID: 24464475 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) usually leads to left-right (LR) patterning defects in multiple organs. However, whether the LR patterning of organs is always regulated in a coupled way has largely not yet been elucidated. In addition, whether other crucial regulators exist in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal in regulating organ LR patterning is also undetermined. In this paper, after briefly summarizing the common process of LR patterning, the most puzzling question regarding the initiation of asymmetry is considered and the divergent mechanisms underlying the uncoupled LR patterning in different organs are discussed. On the basis of cases in which different organ LR patterning is determined in an uncoupled way via an independent mechanism or at a different time, we propose that there are other critical factors in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal to regulate heart LR asymmetry patterning during early LR patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhou Huang
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Handedness and brain asymmetry are widely regarded as unique to humans, and associated with complementary functions such as a left-brain specialization for language and logic and a right-brain specialization for creativity and intuition. In fact, asymmetries are widespread among animals, and support the gradual evolution of asymmetrical functions such as language and tool use. Handedness and brain asymmetry are inborn and under partial genetic control, although the gene or genes responsible are not well established. Cognitive and emotional difficulties are sometimes associated with departures from the "norm" of right-handedness and left-brain language dominance, more often with the absence of these asymmetries than their reversal.
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27
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Prete G, D'Ascenzo S, Laeng B, Fabri M, Foschi N, Tommasi L. Conscious and unconscious processing of facial expressions: evidence from two split-brain patients. J Neuropsychol 2013; 9:45-63. [PMID: 24325712 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how the brain's hemispheres process explicit and implicit facial expressions in two 'split-brain' patients (one with a complete and one with a partial anterior resection). Photographs of faces expressing positive, negative or neutral emotions were shown either centrally or bilaterally. The task consisted in judging the friendliness of each person in the photographs. Half of the photograph stimuli were 'hybrid faces', that is an amalgamation of filtered images which contained emotional information only in the low range of spatial frequency, blended to a neutral expression of the same individual in the rest of the spatial frequencies. The other half of the images contained unfiltered faces. With the hybrid faces the patients and a matched control group were more influenced in their social judgements by the emotional expression of the face shown in the left visual field (LVF). When the expressions were shown explicitly, that is without filtering, the control group and the partially callosotomized patient based their judgement on the face shown in the LVF, whereas the complete split-brain patient based his ratings mainly on the face presented in the right visual field. We conclude that the processing of implicit emotions does not require the integrity of callosal fibres and can take place within subcortical routes lateralized in the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Prete
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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28
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Ocklenburg S, Ness V, Güntürkün O, Suchan B, Beste C. Response inhibition is modulated by functional cerebral asymmetries for facial expression perception. Front Psychol 2013; 4:879. [PMID: 24319440 PMCID: PMC3837293 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of executive functions is critically modulated by information processing in earlier cognitive stages. For example, initial processing of verbal stimuli in the language-dominant left-hemisphere leads to more efficient response inhibition than initial processing of verbal stimuli in the non-dominant right hemisphere. However, it is unclear whether this organizational principle is specific for the language system, or a general principle that also applies to other types of lateralized cognition. To answer this question, we investigated the neurophysiological correlates of early attentional processes, facial expression perception and response inhibition during tachistoscopic presentation of facial “Go” and “Nogo” stimuli in the left and the right visual field (RVF). Participants committed fewer false alarms after Nogo-stimulus presentation in the left compared to the RVF. This right-hemispheric asymmetry on the behavioral level was also reflected in the neurophysiological correlates of face perception, specifically in a right-sided asymmetry in the N170 amplitude. Moreover, the right-hemispheric dominance for facial expression processing also affected event-related potentials typically related to response inhibition, namely the Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3. These findings show that an effect of hemispheric asymmetries in early information processing on the efficacy of higher cognitive functions is not limited to left-hemispheric language functions, but can be generalized to predominantly right-hemispheric functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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29
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Vandenberg LN, Lemire JM, Levin M. It's never too early to get it Right: A conserved role for the cytoskeleton in left-right asymmetry. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e27155. [PMID: 24505508 PMCID: PMC3912007 DOI: 10.4161/cib.27155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, scientists and physicians have been captivated by the consistent left-right (LR) asymmetry of the heart, viscera, and brain. A recent study implicated tubulin proteins in establishing laterality in several experimental models, including asymmetric chemosensory receptor expression in C. elegans neurons, polarization of HL-60 human neutrophil-like cells in culture, and asymmetric organ placement in Xenopus. The same mutations that randomized asymmetry in these diverse systems also affect chirality in Arabidopsis, revealing a remarkable conservation of symmetry-breaking mechanisms among kingdoms. In Xenopus, tubulin mutants only affected LR patterning very early, suggesting that this axis is established shortly after fertilization. This addendum summarizes and extends the knowledge of the cytoskeleton's role in the patterning of the LR axis. Results from many species suggest a conserved role for the cytoskeleton as the initiator of asymmetry, and indicate that symmetry is first broken during early embryogenesis by an intracellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Biology Department; Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology; Tufts University; Medford, MA USA ; Current affiliation: Department of Public Health; Division of Environmental Health Sciences; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst, MA USA
| | - Joan M Lemire
- Biology Department; Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology; Tufts University; Medford, MA USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department; Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology; Tufts University; Medford, MA USA
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30
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Roldan-Valadez E, Rios C, Suarez-May MA, Favila R, Aguilar-Castañeda E. Main effect and interactions of brain regions and gender in the calculation of volumetric asymmetry indices in healthy human brains: ANCOVA analyses of in vivo 3T MRI data. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1913-22. [PMID: 24136790 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macroanatomical right-left hemispheric differences in the brain are termed asymmetries, although there is no clear information on the global influence of gender and brain-regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main effects and interactions of these variables on the measurement of volumetric asymmetry indices (VAIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven healthy young-adult volunteers (23 males, 24 females) agreed to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging in a 3T scanner. Image post processing using voxel-based volumetry allowed the calculation of 54 VAIs from the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, limbic system, basal ganglia, and cerebellum for each cerebral hemisphere. Multivariate ANCOVA analysis calculated the main effects and interactions on VAIs of gender and brain regions controlling the effect of age. RESULTS The only significant finding was the main effect of brain regions (F (6, 9373.605) 44.369, P < .001; partial η2 = .101, and power of 1.0), with no significant interaction between gender and brain regions (F (6, 50.517) .239, P = .964). CONCLUSION Volumetric asymmetries are present across all brain regions, with larger values found in the limbic system and parietal lobe. The absence of a significant influence of gender and age in the evaluation of the numerous measurements generated by multivariate analyses in this study should not discourage researchers to report and interpret similar results, as this topic still deserves further assessment.
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31
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Lactation reduces stress-caused dopaminergic activity and enhances GABAergic activity in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 52:515-24. [PMID: 24085524 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of restraint on the release of dopamine, GABA and glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of lactating compared with virgin Wistar female rats; besides the expression of D1, neuropeptide Y Y2, GABA receptors and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Results from microdialysis experiments showed that basal dopamine and GABA, but not glutamate, concentrations were higher in lactating rats. In virgin animals, immobilization caused significant increase in dopamine, whereas GABA was unchanged and glutamate reduced. In lactating animals, restrain significantly decreased dopamine concentrations and, in contrast to virgin animals, GABA and glutamate concentrations increased. We found a higher expression of CRF, as well as the D1 and neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors in the left mPFC of virgin stressed rats; also, only stressed lactating animals showed a significant increase in immunopositive cells to GABA in the left cingulate cortex; meanwhile, a significant decrease was measured in virgin rats after stress in the left prelimbic region. The increased inhibition of the mPFC dopamine cells during stress and the down-regulated expression of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor may explain the lower CRF and hyporesponse to stress measured in lactating animals. Interestingly, participation of mPFC in stress regulation seems to be lateralized.
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32
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Ocklenburg S, Arning L, Gerding WM, Epplen JT, Güntürkün O, Beste C. FOXP2 variation modulates functional hemispheric asymmetries for speech perception. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:279-284. [PMID: 23911943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Left-hemispheric language dominance is a well-known characteristic of the human language system, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this crucial feature of vocal communication are still far from being understood. The forkhead box P2 gene FOXP2, which has been related to speech development, constitutes an interesting candidate gene in this regard. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating effects of variation in FOXP2 on individual language dominance. To this end, we used a dichotic listening and a visual half-field task in a sample of 456 healthy adults. The FOXP2 SNPs rs2396753 and rs12533005 were found to be significantly associated with the distribution of correct answers on the dichotic listening task. These results show that variation in FOXP2 may contribute to the inter-individual variability in hemispheric asymmetries for speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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A comprehensive neuropsychological mapping battery for functional magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:215-34. [PMID: 23892066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Existing batteries for FMRI do not precisely meet the criteria for comprehensive mapping of cognitive functions within minimum data acquisition times using standard scanners and head coils. The goal was to develop a battery of neuropsychological paradigms for FMRI that can also be used in other brain imaging techniques and behavioural research. Participants were 61 healthy, young adult volunteers (48 females and 13 males, mean age: 22.25 ± 3.39 years) from the university community. The battery included 8 paradigms for basic (visual, auditory, sensory-motor, emotional arousal) and complex (language, working memory, inhibition/interference control, learning) cognitive functions. Imaging was performed using standard functional imaging capabilities (1.5-T MR scanner, standard head coil). Structural and functional data series were analysed using Brain Voyager QX2.9 and Statistical Parametric Mapping-8. For basic processes, activation centres for individuals were within a distance of 3-11 mm of the group centres of the target regions and for complex cognitive processes, between 7 mm and 15 mm. Based on fixed-effect and random-effects analyses, the distance between the activation centres was 0-4 mm. There was spatial variability between individual cases; however, as shown by the distances between the centres found with fixed-effect and random-effects analyses, the coordinates for individual cases can be used to represent those of the group. The findings show that the neuropsychological brain mapping battery described here can be used in basic science studies that investigate the relationship of the brain to the mind and also as functional localiser in clinical studies for diagnosis, follow-up and pre-surgical mapping.
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Vandenberg LN, Levin M. A unified model for left-right asymmetry? Comparison and synthesis of molecular models of embryonic laterality. Dev Biol 2013; 379:1-15. [PMID: 23583583 PMCID: PMC3698617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how and when the left-right (LR) axis is first established is a fundamental question in developmental biology. A popular model is that the LR axis is established relatively late in embryogenesis, due to the movement of motile cilia and the resultant directed fluid flow during late gastrulation/early neurulation. Yet, a large body of evidence suggests that biophysical, molecular, and bioelectrical asymmetries exist much earlier in development, some as early as the first cell cleavage after fertilization. Alternative models of LR asymmetry have been proposed that accommodate these data, postulating that asymmetry is established due to a chiral cytoskeleton and/or the asymmetric segregation of chromatids. There are some similarities, and many differences, in how these various models postulate the origin and timing of symmetry breaking and amplification, and these events' linkage to the well-conserved subsequent asymmetric transcriptional cascades. This review examines experimental data that lend strong support to an early origin of LR asymmetry, yet are also consistent with later roles for cilia in the amplification of LR pathways. In this way, we propose that the various models of asymmetry can be unified: early events are needed to initiate LR asymmetry, and later events could be utilized by some species to maintain LR-biases. We also present an alternative hypothesis, which proposes that individual embryos stochastically choose one of several possible pathways with which to establish their LR axis. These two hypotheses are both tractable in appropriate model species; testing them to resolve open questions in the field of LR patterning will reveal interesting new biology of wide relevance to developmental, cell, and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Vandenberg
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
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Evolutionary origins of human handedness: evaluating contrasting hypotheses. Anim Cogn 2013; 16:531-42. [PMID: 23546932 PMCID: PMC3684717 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-013-0626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variation in methods and measures, resulting in past dispute over the existence of population handedness in nonhuman great apes, has impeded progress into the origins of human right-handedness and how it relates to the human hallmark of language. Pooling evidence from behavioral studies, neuroimaging and neuroanatomy, we evaluate data on manual and cerebral laterality in humans and other apes engaged in a range of manipulative tasks and in gestural communication. A simplistic human/animal partition is no longer tenable, and we review four (nonexclusive) possible drivers for the origin of population-level right-handedness: skilled manipulative activity, as in tool use; communicative gestures; organizational complexity of action, in particular hierarchical structure; and the role of intentionality in goal-directed action. Fully testing these hypotheses will require developmental and evolutionary evidence as well as modern neuroimaging data.
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Revisiting human hemispheric specialization with neuroimaging. Trends Cogn Sci 2013; 17:69-80. [PMID: 23317751 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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