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Wang Y, Su L, Hu Z, Peng S, Li N, Fu H, Wang B, Wu H. Resveratrol suppresses liver cancer progression by downregulating AKR1C3: targeting HCC with HSA nanomaterial as a carrier to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Apoptosis 2024; 29:1429-1453. [PMID: 39023830 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme AKR1C3 plays a crucial role in hormone and drug metabolism and is associated with abnormal expression in liver cancer, leading to tumor progression and poor prognosis. Nanoparticles modified with HSA can modulate the tumor microenvironment by enhancing photodynamic therapy to induce apoptosis in tumor cells and alleviate hypoxia. Therefore, exploring the potential regulatory mechanisms of resveratrol on AKR1C3 through the construction of HSA-RSV NPs carriers holds significant theoretical and clinical implications for the treatment of liver cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the targeted regulation of AKR1C3 expression through the loading of resveratrol (RSV) on nanomaterials HSA-RSV NPs (Nanoparticles) in order to alleviate tumor hypoxia and inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore its molecular mechanism. PubChem database and PharmMapper server were used to screen the target genes of RSV. HCC-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed through the GEO dataset, and relevant genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database, resulting in the intersection of the three to obtain candidate DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the candidate DEGs to analyze the potential cellular functions and molecular signaling pathways affected by the main target genes. The cytohubba plugin was used to screen the top 10 target genes ranked by Degree and further intersected the results of LASSO and Random Forest (RF) to obtain hub genes. The expression analysis of hub genes and the prediction of malignant tumor prognosis were conducted. Furthermore, a pharmacophore model was constructed using PharmMapper. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software, and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the core target. In vitro cell experiments were carried out by selecting appropriate HCC cell lines, treating HCC cells with different concentrations of RSV, or silencing or overexpressing AKR1C3 using lentivirus. CCK-8, clone formation, flow cytometry, scratch experiment, and Transwell were used to measure cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. Cellular oxygen consumption rate was analyzed using the Seahorse XF24 analyzer. HSA-RSV NPs were prepared, and their characterization and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The biological functional changes of HCC cells after treatment were detected. An HCC subcutaneous xenograft model was established in mice using HepG2 cell lines. HSA-RSV NPs were injected via the tail vein, with a control group set, to observe changes in tumor growth, tumor targeting of NPs, and biological safety. TUNEL, Ki67, and APC-hypoxia probe staining were performed on excised tumor tissue to detect tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hypoxia. Lentivirus was used to silence or overexpress AKR1C3 simultaneously with the injection of HSA-RSV NPs via the tail vein to assess the impact of AKR1C3 on the regulation of HSA-RSV NPs in HCC progression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that AKR1C3 is an important target gene involved in the regulation of HCC by RSV, which is associated with the prognosis of HCC patients and upregulated in expression. In vitro cell experiments showed that RSV significantly inhibits the respiratory metabolism of HCC cells, suppressing their proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoting apoptosis. Silencing AKR1C3 further enhances the toxicity of RSV towards HCC cells. The characterization and cytotoxicity experiments of nanomaterials demonstrated the successful construction of HSA-RSV NPs, which exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on HCC cells. In vivo, animal experiments further confirmed that targeted downregulation of AKR1C3 by HSA-RSV NPs suppresses the progression of HCC and tumor hypoxia while exhibiting tumor targeting and biological safety. Targeted downregulation of AKR1C3 by HSA-RSV NPs can alleviate HCC tumor hypoxia and inhibit the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhansheng Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Na Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Baoquan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China.
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Sharma N, Singh L, Sharma A, Kumar A, Mahajan D. NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) - A compelling case for repositioning of existing mTORc1 inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107375. [PMID: 39209081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern for the high incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. The progression of NAFLD to HCC is heterogeneous and non-linear, involving intermediate stages of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. There is a high unmet clinical need for appropriate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options to tackle this emerging epidemic. Unfortunately, at present, there is no validated marker to identify the risk of developing HCC in patients suffering from NAFLD or NASH. Additionally, the current treatment protocols for HCC don't differentiate between viral infection or NAFLD-specific etiology of the HCC and have a limited success rate. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORc1) is an important protein involved in many vital cellular processes like lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. These cellular processes are highly implicated in NAFLD and its progression to severe liver manifestations. Additionally, hyperactivation of mTORc1 is known to promote cell proliferation, which can contribute to the genesis and progression of tumors. Many mTORc1 inhibitors are being evaluated for different types of cancers under various phases of clinical trials. This paper deliberates on the strong pathological implication of the mTORc1 signaling pathway in NAFLD and its progression to NASH and HCC and advocates for a systematic investigation of known mTORc1 inhibitors in suitable pre-clinical models of HCC having NAFLD/NASH-specific etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied and Basic Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, India
| | - Lakhwinder Singh
- Center for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Center for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Center for Drug Discovery, BRIC-Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, India.
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Balaji N, Kukal S, Bhat A, Pradhan N, Minocha S, Kumar S. A quartet of cancer stem cell niches in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 79:39-51. [PMID: 39217065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer, is known for its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The Cancer Stem Cell theory, which postulates the presence of a small population of self-renewing cells called Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), provides insights into various clinical and molecular features of HCC such as tumor heterogeneity, metabolic adaptability, therapy resistance, and recurrence. These CSCs are nurtured in the tumor microenvironment (TME), where a mix of internal and external factors creates a tumor-supportive niche that is continuously evolving both spatially and temporally, thus enhancing the tumor's complexity. This review details the origins of hepatic CSCs (HCSCs) and the factors influencing their stem-like qualities. It highlights the reciprocal crosstalk between HCSCs and the TME (hypoxic, vascular, invasive, and immune niches), exploring the signaling pathways involved and how these interactions control the malignant traits of CSCs. Additionally, it discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting the HCSC niche and their possible uses in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Balaji
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Samiksha Kukal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Nikita Pradhan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Shilpi Minocha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Saran Kumar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
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Li RX, Hao Y, Ettel M. Expression of PSMA in Tumor-Associated Vasculature Predicts Poorer Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Is Likely Associated With PD-L1. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:1248-1255. [PMID: 38321782 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241226705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein recently found to be expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to characterize the expression pattern of PSMA in HCC and its association with clinicopathologic parameters and other biomarkers. METHODS Immunohistochemical studies for PSMA were performed on a previously established tissue microarray of 103 surgically resected HCC. RESULTS Conceivable PSMA expression in ≥5% tumor-associated vasculature (TAV) was considered positive, and was identified in 56 (54.4%) tumors. Eight (7.8%) tumors also showed membranous/cytoplasmic and/or canalicular staining in tumor cells. By chi-square tests, only PSMA-positive TAV was associated with moderate-to-poorly differentiated HCC and the modified higher tumor stage (P < .05). PSMA-positive TAV was not associated with age, sex, or expression of glypican-3, keratin 7, CD3, CD8, HHLA-2, but marginally correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (P = .052). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed PSMA-positive TAV as an independent risk factor for poorer disease-specific survival (P = .008). Co-expression of PD-L1 did not ameliorate the adverse prognostication of PSMA-positive TAV. Membranous/cytoplasmic/canalicular expression of PSMA alone was not prognostically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that PSMA-positive TAV is a prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. Co-expression of PSMA with PD-L1 may suggest potential crosstalk between the 2 proteins, likely regulating the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena X Li
- High School Intern, Pittsford Mendon High School, Pittsford, NY, USA
| | - Yansheng Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark Ettel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Yao G, Yang Z. Glypican-3 knockdown inhibits the cell growth, stemness, and glycolysis development of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic microenvironment through lactylation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:546-554. [PMID: 37131292 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2206982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour in China. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumours. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of GPC3 in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell behaviours were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Traswell, and sphere formation assays. The protein and mRNA expression levels were detected using western blot and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. RESULTS The results showed that GPC3 knockdown decreased the cell viability and stemness, glucose uptake, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), while increased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in hypoxia-treated HCC cells. Additionally, GPC3 knockdown decreased the global lactylation and c-myc lactylation, which further decreased the protein stability and expressions of c-myc. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION GPC3-mediated lactylation modification may be a new direction in HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebing Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Tu H, Zhou X, Zhou H, Luo Z, Yan Y, Luo Z, Qi Q. Anti-tumor effect and mechanisms of Timosaponin AIII across diverse cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116080. [PMID: 38402911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (TAIII), a steroidal saponin derived from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, has gained attention for its versatile therapeutic properties. While well-established for its anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticoagulant properties, emerging research highlights its potent anti-tumor capabilities. This review synthesizes recent findings on the intricate mechanisms and diverse functions of TAIII in cancer therapy, elucidating its impact on various tumor cells, encompassing the effects of TAIII on critical aspects of cancer progression, including metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Additionally, the shared features of TAIII-induced anti-tumor activities, the factors contributing to the multifaceted anti-cancer activities of TAIII, and an exploration of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the regulation of multiple anti-tumor pathways by TAIII are discussed. Furthermore, the detailed regulation of signaling pathways is delineated and tailored to specific cancer types, providing a comprehensive overview of the potential development of TAIII as a promising anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Ability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Ability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Ability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zepeng Luo
- Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Functional Experimental Teaching Center, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongping Luo
- Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Ability Assessment, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Ren T, Huang Y. Recent advancements in improving the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03443-7. [PMID: 39316087 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most frequent sites of primary malignancies in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent solid tumors with poor prognosis. Current treatments showed limited efficacy in some patients, and, therefore, alternative strategies, such as immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and recently chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-T cells, are developed to offer better efficacy and safety profile in patients with HCC. Unlike other ACTs like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CAR-T cells are equipped with engineered CAR receptors that effectively identify tumor antigens and eliminate cancer cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. This process induces intracellular signaling, leading to T lymphocyte recruitment and subsequent activation of other effector cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Until today, novel approaches have been used to develop more potent CAR-T cells with robust persistence, specificity, trafficking, and safety. However, the clinical application of CAR-T cells in solid tumors is still challenging. Therefore, this study aims to review the advancement, prospects, and possible avenues of CAR-T cell application in HCC following an outline of the CAR structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongsahn 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yonghui Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongsahn 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Zhu J, Jin A, Pan B, Guo W, Yang W, Wang B. Exploring the role of KIR3DL2 on NK cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and its potential prognostic implications. iScience 2024; 27:110637. [PMID: 39262781 PMCID: PMC11388180 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a globally prevalent malignancy with a high recurrence rate, significantly impacting prognosis and survival. This study aims to identify prognostic molecular markers using single-cell sequencing of tumors and adjacent tissues in primary and recurrent HCC patients. We analyzed single-cell sequencing data from tumor and adjacent normal tissues of primary and recurrent HCC cases to compare immune cell quantity and gene expression profiles. Recurrent HCC patients exhibited a significant reduction in infiltrating NK cells expressing KIR3DL2. Pseudotemporal and cell communication analyses revealed these KIR3DL2high NK cells were in a quiescent state, suggesting NK cell exhaustion and poor prognosis. KIR3DL2 expression in peripheral blood NK cells correlated with that in tissues, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anli Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201104, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Luo X, Shi J, Wang S, Jin X. The role of circular RNA targeting IGF2BPs in cancer-a potential target for cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02488-8. [PMID: 39287635 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an interesting class of conserved single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exon or intron sequences produced by the reverse splicing of precursor mRNA. CircRNAs play important roles as microRNA sponges, gene splicing and transcriptional regulators, RNA-binding protein sponges, and protein/peptide translation factors. Abnormal functions of circRNAs and RBPs in tumor progression have been widely reported. Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) are a highly conserved family of RBPs identified in humans that function as post-transcriptional fine-tuners of target transcripts. Emerging evidence suggests that IGF2BPs regulate the processing and metabolism of RNA, including its stability, translation, and localization, and participate in a variety of cellular functions and pathophysiology. In this review, we have summarized the roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs and IGF2BPs in cancer development and progression. In addition, we briefly introduce the role of other RNAs and IGF2BPs in cancer, discuss the current clinical applications and challenges faced by circRNAs and IGF2BPs, and propose future directions for this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Pan T, Shi X, Bao Y, Wang S, Li T, Diao Y, Meng X. Metabolomics research on treatment of primary liver cancer with Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae on LC-MS/MS technology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116320. [PMID: 38959758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was applied to create the primary liver cancer (PLC) animal model. In the study, the normal group, model group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group, Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae (CJM) extract group, myricetin group and myricitrin group were divided. LC-MS/MS technology was applied to determine the metabolites of liver tissue samples from different locations (nodular and non-nodular parts of liver tissue) in each group of rats. Through metabolomics research, the connection and difference of anti-PLC induced by the CJM extract, myricetin and myricitrin was analyzed. The surface of the liver tissues of rats in the model group was rough, dimly colored, inelastic, on which there were scattered gray white cancer nodules and blood stasis points. The number of cancer nodules was significantly reduced, and the degree of cell malignancy was low, but there were some inflammatory cell infiltrations, necrosis area and karyokinesis in the CJM extract group, myricetin group, myricitrin group and CTX group. The result of metabolic research indicated that 45 potential biomarkers of the PLC were found, as gamma-aminoisobutyrate, taurochenodeoxycholate, xanthurenic acid, etc. There were 22 differential metabolites in the CTX group, 16 differential metabolites in the CJM extract group, 14 differential metabolites in the myricetin group, 14 differential metabolites in the myricitrin group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 11644, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Pharmacy Department of Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yongrui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 11644, China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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Zhang X, Wang LQ, Liu ZY. Senegenin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating O-GlcNAcylation. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3994-4005. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on current knowledge, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a condition with numerous etiologies and risk factors. However, the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the roles of senegenin and O-GlcNAcylation in the growth and metastasis of HCC.
METHODS The levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcylation in HCC cells and tissues were detected using western blot analysis. The effects of senegenin and O-GlcNAcylation on the proliferation of HCC cells were investigated in vitro using cell counting kit-8 and clonogenic assays. The potential effects of senegenin and O-GlcNAcylation on HCC metastasis were examined using the transwell migration assay. O-GlcNAcylation levels were altered via drug treatment and lentiviral infection, and western blot analysis was used to detect proteins involved in various pathways.
RESULTS Western blot analysis revealed that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels were significantly elevated in HCC tissues and cells. O-GlcNAcylation levels in HCC cells were significantly altered by drug treatment and lentiviral infection. An increase in the glycosylation level was linked to enhanced proliferation, invasiveness, clonogenicity, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. O-GlcNAcylation induced by senegenin was found to slow the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. The levels of proteins involved in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, were altered.
CONCLUSION Senegenin lowers O-GlcNAcylation levels, decreases OGT expression, and inhibits cancer cell growth and metastasis by regulating proteins involved in NF-κB and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
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Mao Z, Han Y, Li Y, Bai L. CD206 accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the tumour immune microenvironment and increasing M2-type polarisation of tumour-associated macrophages and inflammation factor expression. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:439. [PMID: 39269611 PMCID: PMC11399359 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of CD206 on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulation of the tumour immune microenvironment. METHODS A subcutaneous mouse model of HCC was established and treated with CD206-overexpressing adenovirus by tail vein injection or CD206 antibody C068C2 by intratumoral injection. The hepatocarcinoma-bearing mice were divided into four groups (IgG+ tail vein adenovirus group, IgG group, C068C2+ tail vein adenovirus group and C068C2 group) to observe the changes in tumour weight and volume with different expression levels of CD206. The proportion of M2-type tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The apoptosis of tumour cells was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining, and inflammatory factors in serum and tissues were detected using the ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. RESULTS Compared with the mice with low CD206 expression, the hepatocarcinoma-bearing mice with high CD206 expression in HCC exhibited faster tumour growth and more aggressive progression. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression level of CD206-positive M2-type TAMs was highest in the IgG + adenovirus group and lowest in the C068C2 group (p < 0.001). Compared with the IgG + adenovirus group, the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells in tumour cells was significantly reduced in the C068C2 group. The IgG + adenovirus group had the highest concentrations of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in both serum and tumour tissues. CONCLUSION The overexpression of CD206 accelerates the progression of HCC and changes the tumour immune microenvironment. The high expression of CD206 in HCC increases the M2-type polarisation of TAMs and induces the expression of both TGF-β and IL-6 in tumour tissues and serum, thereby promoting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Air Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Oncology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yalin Han
- Department of Oncology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Centre, Beijing, 100088, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yinglin Li
- Department of Oncology, Air Force Medical Center of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Rupareliya M, Shende P. Influence of RNA Methylation on Cancerous Cells: A Prospective Approach for Alteration of In Vivo Cellular Composition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39259424 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA methylation is a dynamic and ubiquitous post-transcriptional modification that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in various conditions like cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. RNA methylation manifests across diverse RNA species including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA), exerting pivotal roles in gene expression regulation and various biological phenomena. Aberrant activity of writer, eraser, and reader proteins enables dysregulated methylation landscape across diverse malignancy transcriptomes, frequently promoting cancer pathogenesis. Numerous oncogenic drivers, tumour suppressors, invasion/metastasis factors, and signalling cascade components undergo methylation changes that modulate respective mRNA stability, translation, splicing, transport, and protein-RNA interactions accordingly. Functional studies confirm methylation-dependent alterations drive proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, stemness, metabolism, and therapeutic evasion programs systemically. Methyltransferase overexpression typifies certain breast, liver, gastric, and other carcinomas correlating with adverse clinical outcomes like diminished overall survival. Mapping efforts uncover nodal transcripts for targeted drug development against hyperactivated regulators including METTL3. Some erasers and readers also suitable lead candidates based on apparent synthetic lethality. Proteomic screens additionally highlight relevant methylation-sensitive effector pathways amenable to combinatorial blockade, reversing compensatory signalling mechanisms that facilitate solid tumour progression. Quantifying global methylation burdens and responsible enzymes clinically predicts patient prognosis, risk stratification for adjuvant therapy, and overall therapeutic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Rupareliya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
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Jin H, Meng R, Li CS, Kim SH, Chai OH, Lee YH, Park BH, Lee JS, Kim SM. HN1-mediated activation of lipogenesis through Akt-SREBP signaling promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00827-y. [PMID: 39251779 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with more than 800,000 deaths each year, and its 5-year survival rate is less than 12%. The role of the HN1 gene in HCC has remained elusive, despite its upregulation in various cancer types. In our investigation, we identified HN1's heightened expression in HCC tissues, which, upon overexpression, fosters cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, unveiling its role as an oncogene in HCC. In addition, silencing HN1 diminished the viability and metastasis of HCC cells, whereas HN1 overexpression stimulated their growth and invasion. Gene expression profiling revealed HN1 silencing downregulated 379 genes and upregulated 130 genes, and suppressive proteins associated with the lipogenic signaling pathway networks. Notably, suppressing HN1 markedly decreased the expression levels of SREBP1 and SREBP2, whereas elevating HN1 had the converse effect. This dual modulation of HN1 affected lipid formation, hindering it upon HN1 silencing and promoting it upon HN1 overexpression. Moreover, HN1 triggers the Akt pathway, fostering tumorigenesis via SREBP1-mediated lipogenesis and silencing HN1 effectively curbed HCC tumor growth in mouse xenograft models by deactivating SREBP-1, emphasizing the potential of HN1 as a therapeutic target, impacting both external and internal factors, it holds promise as an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruoyu Meng
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Cong Shan Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77045, TX, USA
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Yang H, Kong P, Hou S, Dong X, Abula I, Yan D. Potential prognostic biomarker SERPINA12: implications for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03689-w. [PMID: 39235554 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, exhibiting a high morbidity and mortality rate. The mechanism of its occurrence and development requires further study. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of SERPINA12 in the diagnosis, prognosis prediction and biological function within HCC. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were employed to analyze the relationship between clinical features and SERPINA12 expression in HCC. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to analyze the correlation between SERPINA12 expression and prognosis in HCC. The function of SERPINA12 was determined by enrichment analysis, and the relationship between SERPINA12 expression and immune cell infiltration was investigated. The expression of SERPINA12 was examined in 75 patients with HCC using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS The expression of SERPINA12 from TCGA database was found to be significantly higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues and carried a poor prognosis. ROC curve demonstrated the diagnostic potential of SERPINA12 for HCC. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pathologic T stage, tumor status, and SERPINA12 expression were independently associated with patient survival. The SERPINA12 expression was found to correlate with immune cell infiltration. Our RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression of SERPINA12 in tumor tissues. Survival analysis indicated its association with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION SERPINA12 is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, and it is associated with immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- The Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Panpan Kong
- The Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Songyu Hou
- The Department of Daily Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, UrumqiXinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xiaogang Dong
- The Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Imamumaimaitijiang Abula
- The Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Yan
- The Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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16
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Yasuura N, Suda G, Ohara M, Meno A, Sho T, Kohya R, Sasaki T, Yoda T, Yoshida S, Fu Q, Yang Z, Hosoda S, Maehara O, Ohnishi S, Saitou T, Sugiyama M, Fukuhara T, Baba M, Kitagataya T, Kawagishi N, Nakai M, Natsuizaka M, Ogawa K, Taketomi A, Sakamoto N. Positivity of high-sensitivity HBsAg test, not previous HBV infection, indicates poor prognosis in patients with non-HBV-related HCC. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 39228289 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prognostic impact of previous-HBV-infection (pHBV) in non-HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (non-HBV-related-HCC) and the prevalence, characteristics and significance of recently developed high-sensitivity HBs antigen positivity (hHBsAg+) in these patients remain unclear. We aimed to close these gaps. METHODS We retrospectively screened patients with newly diagnosed non-HBV-related-HCC (standard HBsAg-test negative) at Hokkaido University. Patients with complete clinical information and preserved serum for hHBsAg+ were included. We evaluated the prevalence, characteristics and prognostic impact of pHBV and hHBsAg+ in non-HBV-related-HCC. RESULTS A total of 401 non-HBV-related-HCC patients were included (288 with pHBV/113 without pHBV). In non-HBV-related-HCC, pHBV did not affect overall survival (OS). Among non-HBV-related-HCC patients with pHBV, 11.8% (34/288) were hHBsAg+ and had more advanced stages of HCC, higher AFP levels, higher vascular invasion rates, and significantly shorter OS than others (OS: 19.3 vs. 61.4 months, p = 0.012). Comparison of OS among non-HBV-related-HCC patients without pHBV (group 1), those with pHBV and without hHBsAg+ (group 2), and those with pHBV and hHBsAg+ (group 3) revealed significantly shorter OS in group 3 (19.3, 56.6 and 66.4 months in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; p = 0.036). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that compared with group 1, only group 3 was significantly and independently associated with shorter OS (HR: 2.044, p = 0.011). Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was particularly evident in non-HBV-related-HCC patients with non-B-non-C aetiology and advanced HCC. CONCLUSIONS In non-HBV-related-HCC patients, hHBsAg+, not pHBV, is significantly and independently associated with poor prognosis.
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Grants
- JP24fk0210126,JP24fk0310501,JP24fk0210121,JP24fk0210112,JP24fk0210142,JP24fk0210111,JP24fk0310524,JP24fk0210123,JP24fk0210157,JP24fk0310518,JP24fk0210103,JP24fk0210104,JP24fk0210113,andJP24fk0210143 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yasuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Meno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Risako Kohya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Yoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sonoe Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Qingjie Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hosoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Saitou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Department of Viral Pathogenesis and Controls, National Center for Global Health Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaru Baba
- Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Guo Y, Wang W, Li W, Li J, Zhu M, Song R, Zhu W, Wang L, Ji Z, Shi X. In vivo electrical properties of the healthy liver and the hepatic tumor in a mouse model between 1 Hz and 1 MHz during a thermal treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2396122. [PMID: 39218439 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2396122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Understansding the changing patterns of in vivo electrical properties for the target tissue is crucial for the accurate temperature monitoring and the treatment efficacy in thermal therapy. Our research aims to investigate the changing patterns and the reversibility of in vivo electrical properties for both healthy livers and liver tumors in a mouse model over a frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz at temperatures between 30 °C to 90 °C. Methods and materials: The mice were anesthetized and the target organ was exposed. An 808-nm near-infrared laser was employed as the heating source to heat the organ in vivo. The four-needle electrode, connected to an impedance analyzer, was utilized to obtain the impedance at varying temperatures, which were monitored by a thermocouple. Results: The findings indicated a gradual decline in impedance with an increase in temperature. Furthermore, the impedance was normalized to that at 30 °C, and the real part of the normalized impedance was defined as the k-values, which range from 0 to 1. The results demonstrated a linear correlation between k-values and temperatures (R2 > 0.9 for livers and R2 > 0.8 for tumors). Significant differences were observed between livers and tumors at 1, 10 and 50 kHz (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was demonstrated that the electrical properties could be reversed when the temperature was below or equal to 45 °C. Conclusion: We believe that these results will contribute to the advancement of radiofrequency ablation systems and the development of techniques for temperature monitoring during liver thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weice Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weichen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingxu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruteng Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Chen W, Xu H, Guo L, Zheng F, Yao J, Wang L. Role of ACSL4 in modulating farnesoid X receptor expression and M2 macrophage polarization in HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e706. [PMID: 39268355 PMCID: PMC11391271 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between bile acid (BA) metabolism, M2 macrophage polarization, and hepatitis B virus-hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) necessitates a thorough investigation of ACSL4's (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4) role. This study combines advanced bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate ACSL4's significance in HBV-HCC development. Using bioinformatics, we identified differentially expressed genes in HBV-HCC. STRING and gene set enrichment analysis analyses were employed to pinpoint critical genes and pathways. Immunoinfiltration analysis, along with in vitro and in vivo experiments, assessed M2 macrophage polarization and related factors. ACSL4 emerged as a pivotal gene influencing HBV-HCC. In HBV-HCC liver tissues, ACSL4 exhibited upregulation, along with increased levels of M2 macrophage markers and BA. Silencing ACSL4 led to heightened farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression, reduced BA levels, and hindered M2 macrophage polarization, thereby improving HBV-HCC conditions. This study underscores ACSL4's significant role in HBV-HCC progression. ACSL4 modulates BA-mediated M2 macrophage polarization and FXR expression, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and novel insights into HBV-HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) Shenzhen China
| | - Liliangzi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
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Chen T, Wang Q, Liu C, Zhang F, Bai Y, Jiao Y, Wang M, Bao S, Liu B, Shao M, Ma S, Ding Y. Ovatodiolide inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma stemness through SP1/MTDH/STAT3 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111161. [PMID: 39053793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized with high recurrence and mortality, and the clinical treatments for HCC are very limited. Hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells are the root of HCC progress, recurrence, and multidrug resistance. Ovatodiolide (OVA) is a bioactive diterpenoid served as an inflammatory and immunotherapeutic responses modulator. In this research, we found OVA inhibited HCC stemness through inhibiting MTDH gene transcription. Moreover, we firstly discovered transcription factor SP1 bound to the promoter region of MTDH to transcriptionally regulate MTDH level. Mechanically, we demonstrated OVA decreased SP1 protein stability to transcriptionally inhibit MTDH gene, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65, and then diminished IL-6 level to suppress JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, eventually decreases CD133 level and the stemness of HCC. Furthermore, we demonstrated ACT004, OVA derivative with high metabolic stability towards cytochrome P450 enzymes, showed no genotoxicity and no accumulative or delayed toxicities after long-term administration in rats. And the in vivo efficacy experiments indicated ACT004 inhibited tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, we revealed the mechanism of OVA in regulating HCC stemness, detected the toxicity of OVA derivative and evaluated the in vivo efficacy which lays a foundation for further discovery of anti-HCC stem cell agents and provide a new strategy for the application of OVA in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Can Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yongping Bai
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | | | - Shiqi Bao
- Accendatech Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Baofeng Liu
- Shan Dong Xinbo Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Shan Dong, 251500, China
| | - Mingxiang Shao
- Shan Dong Xinbo Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Shan Dong, 251500, China
| | - Shuoqian Ma
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yahui Ding
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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20
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Agudile EP, Vega EA, Salirrosas O, Agudile UM, Chirban AM, Lathan C, Sorescu GP, Odisio BC, Panettieri E, Conrad C. Temporal trends of health disparity in the utilization of curative-intent treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: are we making progress? J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:1392-1399. [PMID: 38754809 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver-directed treatments - ablative therapy (AT), surgical resection (SR), liver transplantation (LT), and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) - improve the overall survival of patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although racial and socioeconomic disparities affect access to liver-directed therapies, the temporal trends for the curative-intent treatment of HCC remain to be elucidated. METHODS This study performed chi-square, logistic regression, and temporal trends analyses on data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2011 to 2019. The outcome of interest was the rate of AT, SR, LT (curative-intent treatments), and TACE utilization, and the primary predictors were racial/ethnic group and socioeconomic status (SES; insurance status). RESULTS African American and Hispanic patients had lower odds of receiving AT (African American: odds ratio [OR], 0.78; P < .001; Hispanic: OR, 0.84; P = .005) and SR (African American: OR, 0.71; P < .001; Hispanics: OR, 0.64; P < .001) than White patients. Compared with White patients, the odds of LT was lower in African American patients (OR, 0.76; P < .001) but higher in Hispanic patients (OR, 1.25; P = .001). Low SES was associated with worse odds of AT (OR, 0.79; P = .001), SR (OR, 0.66; P < .001), and LT (OR, 0.84; P = .028) compared with high SES. Although curative-intent treatments showed significant upward temporal trends among White patients (10.6%-13.9%; P < .001) and Asian and Pacific Islander/other patients (14.4%-15.7%; P = .007), there were nonsignificant trends among African American patients (10.9%-10.1%; P = .825) or Hispanic patients (12.2%-13.7%; P = .056). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated concerning disparities in the utilization of curative-intent treatment for HCC based on race/ethnicity and SES. Moreover, racial/ethnic disparities have widened rather than improved over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka P Agudile
- Department of Medicine, Steward Carney Hospital, Dorchester, Massachusetts, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eduardo A Vega
- Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Oscar Salirrosas
- Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ukamaka M Agudile
- Department of Medicine, Steward Carney Hospital, Dorchester, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ariana M Chirban
- Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Christopher Lathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - George P Sorescu
- Department of Medicine, Lemuel Shattuck Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bruno C Odisio
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Elena Panettieri
- Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudius Conrad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Illinois, United States.
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21
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Conci S, Bianco A, Marchese A, D'Onofrio M, Campagnaro T, De Bellis M, Dalbeni A, Campagnola P, Mansueto G, Ruzzenente A. Percutaneous ablation in perivascular-HCC: impact of liver parenchyma and characteristics of vascular structures on the outcomes. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e1126-e1133. [PMID: 38866676 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a standard treatment for small-HCC (<3 cm). However, some features such as proximity to intrahepatic vascular structures (perivascular location) seem to be related to short- and long-term outcomes. The aims of the study were to investigate the features related to ablation success and local tumor progression (LTP) in patients submitted to percutaneous ablation for perivascular-HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2010 to May 2021, 132 perivascular-HCC nodules ablated with US-guided single probe percutaneous RFA were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariable Cox regression model were used to identify factors that were independently related to ablation success and LTP-free survival. RESULTS The overall ablation success rate was 71.9% (n=95). Morbidity and mortality rates were 4.0% and 0.0%. The features related to ablation success: nodule size (≤20 mm vs. >20 mm) (OR 2.442, p=0.031), major vascular structures diameter (3-5 mm vs ≥ 5 mm) (OR 2.167, p=0.037) and liver parenchyma (cirrhosis vs no-cirrhosis) (OR 2.373, p=0.033). The following features resulted independently related to better LTP-free survival: nodule size ≤20 mm (HR 2.802, p=0.003), proximity to glissonean pedicles (HR 1.677, p=0.028), and major vascular structure diameter <5 mm (HR 1.987, p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS Perivascular location confirmed to be a difficult and unfavorable indication for percutaneous ablation for HCC nodules. However, perivascular nodules not suitable for surgery with low-risk features (size <20 mm, proximity to glissonian pedicles and vascular diameter <5 mm) may be treated with RFA with satisfactory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Conci
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - A Bianco
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - A Marchese
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - M D'Onofrio
- Department of Radiology, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - T Campagnaro
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - M De Bellis
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - A Dalbeni
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - P Campagnola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - G Mansueto
- Department of Radiology, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - A Ruzzenente
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Ginecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy
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22
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Chen Y, Chang L, Hu L, Yan C, Dai L, Shelat VG, Yarmohammadi H, Sun J. Identification of a lactylation-related gene signature to characterize subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma using bulk sequencing data. J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 15:1636-1646. [PMID: 39279958 PMCID: PMC11399878 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-24-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies indicate that lactylation regulates various biological mechanisms within cancer. However, lactylation-related genes (LRGs) have been found to have limited value in predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to review HCC LRGs using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods The RNA sequencing data and related clinical information of patients with HCC patients were collected from the TCGA database. A total of 20 LRGs were selected and bioinformatics analysis was performed. A consistency cluster analysis was conducted to classify the HCC tumors. Using a lactylation-related model of HCC, prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy was evaluated. Results A total of 4,378 genes were associated with prognosis. Twenty LRGs (i.e., ACIN1, RAN, PPP1CB, ALDOB, SUMO2, THOC2, HDAC1, SF3A1, SF3B1, HNRNPM, PPP1CC, SRRM1, PRPF6, HDAC2, H2AFV, ALYREF, H2AFZ, H2AFX, HNRNPK, and MAGOH) were identified. The 20 LRGs were used to divide TCGA-HCC patients into low-risk (G1) and high-risk (G2) categories. The upregulated genes in the G1 group primarily participate in the p53 signaling pathway, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and cell cycle, while the downregulated genes primarily participate in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The box plots showed a significant difference in the immune cell populations, with a higher abundance of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells in the G1 than the G2 HCC samples. Further, the box plots showed higher expression levels of seven of the eight immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related genes in the G1 HCC samples than the G2 samples. There was a significant disparity in the cancer stem cell (CSC) scores between the G1 and G2 TCGA-HCC patients. Additionally, the G1 TCGA-HCC patients had higher tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores than the G2 TCGA-HCC patients. The prognosis of the HCC patients was also predicted using a six-LRG model, comprising HDAC2, SRRM1, SF3B1, HDAC1, THOC2, and PPP1CB. Conclusions Strong correlation between LRGs and tumor classification as well as immunity in patients with HCC was identified. LRG signatures serve as reliable prognostic markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Laboratory, Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Yan
- Department of Laboratory, Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liu Dai
- Department of Laboratory, Yangzhou Second People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Vishal G Shelat
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital, Yangzhou, China
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23
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Pan J, Li Q, Zhu J. Unveiling EFNB2 as a Key Player in Sorafenib Resistance: Insights from Bioinformatics Analysis and Functional Validation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10903-5. [PMID: 39212854 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance has become a big hurdle for treating advanced HCC; thus, identifying novel targets to overcome sorafenib resistance is of great importance. Thanks to the massive progress in the sequencing and data analysis, high-throughput screening of novel targets in HCC development has been extensively used in recent years. In present study, we harnessed the public dataset and aimed to identify novel targets related to sorafenib resistance in HCC via bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation. This study examined three GEO datasets (GSE140202, GSE143233, GSE182593) and identified 20 common DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis suggested these DEGs might play a role in regulating drug resistance pathways. PPI network analysis pinpointed 14 hub genes, with EFNB2 showing high connectivity to other genes. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that EFNB2 was up-regulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. EFNB2 suppression sensitized HepG2 and Huh7 sorafenib-resistant cells. Furthermore, EFNB2 knockdown increased caspase-3/-7 activities and hindered EMT in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Conversely, EFNB2 overexpression promoted sorafenib resistance, decreased caspase-3/-7 activity, and enhanced EMT in HCC cells. Overall, this study identified 14 promising genes potentially linked to sorafenib resistance in HCC, with EFNB2 emerging as a potential contributor to this resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Quanxi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
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24
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Chen S, Gong F, Liu S, Xie Y, Ye X, Lin X, Wang X, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Sun Y. IL-21- and CXCL9-engineered GPC3-specific CAR-T cells combined with PD-1 blockade enhance cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 39196390 PMCID: PMC11358300 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The application of CAR-T cells in solid tumors poses several challenges, including poor T cell homing ability, limited infiltration of T cells and an immunosuppressive tumor environment. In this study, we developed a novel approach to address these obstacles by designing GPC3-specific CAR-T cell that co-express IL-21 and CXCL9 (21 × 9 GPC3 CAR-T cells) and blocking the PD-1 expression on it. The proliferation, cell phenotype, cytokine secretion and cell migration of indicated CAR-T cells were evaluated in vitro. The cytotoxic activities of genetically engineered CAR-T cells were accessed in vitro and in vivo. Compared to conventional GPC3 CAR-T cells, the 21 × 9 GPC3 CAR-T cells demonstrated superior proliferation, cytokine secretion and chemotaxis capabilities in vitro. Furthermore, when combined with PD-1 blockade, the 21 × 9 GPC3 CAR-T cells exhibited enhanced proliferation, cytokine secretion and enrichment of effector T cells such as CTL, NKT and TEM cells. In xenograft tumor models, the PD-1 blocked 21 × 9 GPC3 CAR-T cells effectively suppressed HCC xenograft growth and increased T cell infiltration. Overall, our study successfully generated GPC3 CAR-T cells expressing both IL-21 and CXCL9, demonstrated that combining PD-1 blockade can further enhance CAR-T cell function by promoting proliferation, cytokine secretion, chemotaxis and antitumor activity. These findings present a hopeful and potentially effective strategy for GPC3-positive HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Fusheng Gong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yunqing Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Xingming Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Qiuhong Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
- Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Qinying Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
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25
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Yang Z, Deng X, Wen D, Sun L, An R, Xu J. Identification of RCAN1's role in hepatocellular carcinoma using single-cell analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1056. [PMID: 39192218 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is expressed in multiple organs, including the heart, liver, brain, and kidney, and is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, Down syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. It is also implicated in the development of various organ tumors; however, its potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of RCAN1 in HCC through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS We conducted a joint analysis based on the NCBI and TCGA databases, integrating both bulk transcriptome and single-cell analyses to examine the principal biological functions of RCAN1 in HCC, as well as its roles related to phenotype, metabolism, and cell communication. Subsequently, an RCAN1-overexpressing cell line was established, and the effects of RCAN1 on tumor cells were validated through in vitro experiments. Moreover, we endeavored to identify potential related drugs using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS The expression of RCAN1 was found to be downregulated in 19 types of cancer tissues and upregulated in 11 types of cancer tissues. Higher levels of RCAN1 expression were associated with improved patient survival. RCAN1 was predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and monocytes, and its high expression not only closely correlated with the distribution of cells related to the HCC phenotype but also with the distribution of HCC cells themselves. Additionally, Rcan1 may directly or indirectly participate in metabolic pathways such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as butanoate metabolism, thereby influencing tumor cell proliferation and migration. In vitro experiments confirmed that RCAN1 overexpression promoted apoptosis while inhibiting proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Through molecular docking of 1615 drugs, we screened brompheniramine as a potential target drug and verified our results by molecular dynamics. CONCLUSION In this study, we revealed the relationship between RCAN1 and HCC through bioinformatics methods, verified that RCAN1 can affect the progress of the disease through experiments, and finally identified potential therapeutic drugs through drug molecular docking and molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiwei Deng
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Didi Wen
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui An
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Interventional Surgery Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Esmail A, Xu J, Burns EA, Abboud K, Sheikh A, Umoru G, Gee K, Wiechmann C, Zhang Y, Abdelrahim M. The Impact of Infections in Patients Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4994. [PMID: 39274206 PMCID: PMC11396642 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13174994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic landscape of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) continues to evolve. Atezolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), in combination with bevacizumab, has substantially improved outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in patients who develop infections while receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab for uHCC. Methods: Patients who received atezolizumab and bevacizumab for uHCC at a single hospital network were included. Types and rates of infections were reported. Covariates compared among infected and non-infected cohorts included age, sex, race, comorbidities, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, immunosuppressive use, chronic infections, number of cycles of ICIs given, antibiotic or antiviral therapies at ICI initiation, and line of therapy (first-line, second-line, greater than second-line). Results: Out of 810 evaluable patients, 34 uHCC patients were treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. The mean ± SD age was 66.29 ± 9.39; 28 (82.35%) were males. There were 17 (50%) patients with reported infection, with bacterial infection occurring in 12 (70.59%) patients and COVID-19 in 4 (23.5%). Of the infected patients, eight (47.06%) had one infection, five (29.41%) had two infections, and two (11.76%) had three or more infections. Infected and non-infected patients received a median of 12 (IQR: 5-17) and 4 (IQR: 3-12) ICI cycles (p = 0.18), respectively. Infections did not negatively impact OS or PFS but resulted in treatment delays and discontinuation in 11 (64.71%) and 7 (41.18%) patients, respectively. At the last follow-up, 19 (55.88%) patients died, 9 (52.94%) in the non-infected group vs. 10 (58.82%) in the infected group (p = 1.0). Conclusions: While a broad array of infections occurred in 50% of the patients in this cohort, it did not negatively impact survival outcomes. However, it did impact morbidity, with more all-cause admissions and treatment delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Esmail
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiaqiong Xu
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ethan A Burns
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Abboud
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Godsfavour Umoru
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kelly Gee
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yuqi Zhang
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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Liu JX, Zhang X, Xu WH, Hao XD. The role of RNA modifications in hepatocellular carcinoma: functional mechanism and potential applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1439485. [PMID: 39229278 PMCID: PMC11368726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1439485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its development remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of RNA modifications in HCC progression, which indicates their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for managing HCC. In this review, we discuss the functional role and molecular mechanisms of RNA modifications in HCC through a review and summary of relevant literature, to explore the potential therapeutic agents and biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic of HCC. This review indicates that specific RNA modification pathways, such as N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N7-methylguanosine, and N1-methyladenosine, are erroneously regulated and are involved in the proliferation, autophagy, innate immunity, invasion, metastasis, immune cell infiltration, and drug resistance of HCC. These findings provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC, as well as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC by targeting specific RNA-modifying enzymes or recognition proteins. More than ten RNA-modifying regulators showed the potential for use for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision utility biomarkers of HCC. Their application value for HCC biomarkers necessitates extensive multi-center sample validation in the future. A growing number of RNA modifier inhibitors are being developed, but the lack of preclinical experiments and clinical studies targeting RNA modification in HCC poses a significant obstacle, and further research is needed to evaluate their application value in HCC treatment. In conclusion, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the complex interplay between RNA modifications and HCC while emphasizing the promising potential of RNA modifications as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for managing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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28
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Cristani M, Citarella A, Carnamucio F, Micale N. Nano-Formulations of Natural Antioxidants for the Treatment of Liver Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1031. [PMID: 39199418 PMCID: PMC11352298 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathological processes that trigger various chronic liver diseases, and significantly contributes to the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. Natural antioxidants reduce oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and play a crucial role in the treatment of free-radical-induced liver diseases. However, their efficacy is often limited by poor bioavailability and metabolic stability. To address these limitations, recent advances have focused on developing nano-drug delivery systems that protect them from degradation and enhance their therapeutic potential. Among the several critical benefits, they showed to be able to improve bioavailability and targeted delivery, thereby reducing off-target effects by specifically directing the antioxidant to the liver tumor site. Moreover, these nanosystems led to sustained release, prolonging the therapeutic effect over time. Some of them also exhibited synergistic effects when combined with other therapeutic agents, allowing for improved overall efficacy. This review aims to discuss recent scientific advances in nano-formulations containing natural antioxidant molecules, highlighting their potential as promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of liver cancer. The novelty of this review lies in its comprehensive focus on the latest developments in nano-formulations of natural antioxidants for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Federica Carnamucio
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
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Che Y, Lu X, Wang X, Liu Z, Guan L, Li X, Du Z, Ren H, Wang J, Zhou Z, Lv L. Does rAj-Tspin, a novel peptide from A. japonicus, exert antihepatocellular carcinoma effects via the ITGB1/ZYX/FAK/AKT signaling pathway? Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 39143566 PMCID: PMC11325833 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
rAj-Tspin, a soluble recombinant peptide from Apostichopus japonicus, can inhibit the integrin β1 (ITGB1)/FAK/AKT signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. Zyxin (ZYX) is a focal adhesion protein that is considered a novel mediator of EMT and apoptosis. However, the inhibitory mechanisms of rAj-Tspin in HCC and whether it is related to ZYX are unclear. We examined the antitumor effect of rAj-Tspin on the Huh7 human HCC cell line and on a nude mouse model generated via subcutaneous injection or orthotopic intrahepatic transplantation of Huh7 cells. Our results revealed that rAj-Tspin strikingly reduced the viability and promoted the apoptosis of Huh7 cells and inhibited HCC tumor growth in nude mice. rAj-Tspin inhibited ITGB1 and ZYX protein expression in vivo and in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the FAK/AKT signaling pathway and the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells were suppressed upon ITGB1 and ZYX knockdown. Moreover, the effect of ITGB1 overexpression on the growth of HCC cells was inhibited by rAj-Tspin. In contrast, the promoting effect of ITGB1 overexpression could be inhibited by ZYX knockdown. ZYX knockdown had no effect on ITGB1 expression. These findings suggest that ZYX is required for the indispensable role of ITGB1 in rAj-Tspin-alleviated HCC and provide an important therapeutic target for HCC. In summary, the anti-HCC effect of rAj-Tspin potentially involves the regulation of the ITGB1/ZYX/FAK/AKT pathway, which in turn impacts EMT and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhien Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Liyang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaixing Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
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Hung JH, Teng CF, Hung HC, Chen YL, Chen PJ, Ho CL, Chuang CH, Huang W. Genomic instabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma: biomarkers and application in immunotherapies. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101546. [PMID: 39147130 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers. For patients with advanced HCC, liver function decompensation often occurs, which leads to poor tolerance to chemotherapies and other aggressive treatments. Therefore, it remains critical to develop effective therapeutic strategies for HCC. Etiological factors for HCC are complex and multifaceted, including hepatitis virus infection, alcohol, drug abuse, chronic metabolic abnormalities, and others. Thus, HCC has been categorized as a "genomically unstable" cancer due to the typical manifestation of chromosome breakage and aneuploidy, and oxidative DNA damage. In recent years, immunotherapy has provided a new option for cancer treatments, and the degree of genomic instability positively correlates with immunotherapy efficacies. This article reviews the endogenous and exogenous causes that affect the genomic stability of liver cells; it also updates the current biomarkers and their detection methods for genomic instabilities and relevant applications in cancer immunotherapies. Including genomic instability biomarkers in consideration of cancer treatment options shall increase the patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Feng Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chin Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Ho
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan..
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31
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Mao HY, Shen BQ, Zhang JY, Zhang T, Cai W, Fan YF, Wang XM, Yu YX, Hu CH. Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI nomogram model to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia both showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:211. [PMID: 39134943 PMCID: PMC11320848 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop and validate a nomogram model based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). METHODS A total of 75 patients with 49 HCCs and 26 FNHs randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 52: 34 HCC; 18 FNH) and an internal validation cohort (n = 23: 15 HCC; 8 FNH). A total of 37 patients (n = 37: 25 HCC; 12 FNH) acted as an external test cohort. The clinical and imaging characteristics between HCC and FNH groups in the training cohort were compared. The statistically significant parameters were included into the FAE software, and a multivariate logistic regression classifier was used to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model, while the calibration and decision curves were used for model validation. Subanalysis was used to compare qualitative and quantitative characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis between the HCC and FNH groups. RESULTS In the training cohort, gender, age, enhancement rate in the arterial phase (AP), focal defects in uptake were significant predictors for HCC showing iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP. In the training cohort, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the nomogram model were 0.989(95%CI: 0.967-1.000), 97.1% and 94.4%. In the internal validation cohort, the above three indicators were 0.917(95%CI: 0.782-1.000), 93.3% and 87.5%. In the external test cohort, the above three indicators were 0.960(95%CI: 0.905-1.000), 84.0% and 100.0%. The results of subanalysis showed that age was the independent predictor in the patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis between HCC and FNH groups. CONCLUSIONS Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI nomogram model may be useful for discriminating HCC and FNH showing iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Mao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin-Qing Shen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fen Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xing Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Ma W, Liu R, Wang J, Liu L, Qiu Z, Yu J, Wang W. High tumor burden score indicated the unfavorable prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308570. [PMID: 39116157 PMCID: PMC11309382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor burden score (TBS) based on maximum tumor diameter and number has been shown to correlate with prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the results are conflicting. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the association between TBS and survival outcomes of HCC patients. METHODS A comprehensively search of the databases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was performed to retrieve studies satisfying the inclusion criteria until August 31, 2023. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All the data analyses were carried out by STATA 12.0. RESULTS 10 retrospective studies containing 25073 patients were incorporated in the study. The results demonstrated that high TBS was markedly association with poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.45-2.23) and relapse-free survival / progression-free survival(RFS/PFS) (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.42-2.07). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic value of TBS in HCC was not affected by any subgroup. CONCLUSIONS TBS may be an efficient prognostic index in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbin Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wang X, Yang Y, Zhao S, Wu D, Li L, Zhao Z. Chitosan-based biomaterial delivery strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446030. [PMID: 39161903 PMCID: PMC11330802 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 80% of primary liver cancers, is the most common primary liver malignancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 18%. Chemotherapy, although commonly used for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, is limited by systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Improving targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells without causing systemic side effects is a current research focus. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, possesses good biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it suitable for drug delivery. Enhanced chitosan formulations retain the anti-tumor properties while improving stability. Chitosan-based biomaterials promote hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and improve extracellular matrix remodeling for enhanced anti-tumor therapy. Methods We summarized published experimental papers by querying them. Results and Conclusions This review discusses the physicochemical properties of chitosan, its application in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, and the challenges faced by chitosan-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Endoscopy Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wu
- First Digestive Endoscopy Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Guo J, Jiang X, Lian J, Li H, Zhang F, Xie J, Deng J, Hou X, Du Z, Hao E. Evaluation of the effect of GSK-3β on liver cancer based on the PI3K/AKT pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1431423. [PMID: 39156976 PMCID: PMC11327086 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1431423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolic regulation. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is intricately linked to development of tumor. GSK-3β, belonging to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, is crucial in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. As a key rate-limiting enzyme in the glucose metabolism pathway, GSK-3β significantly impacts the growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. It is also implicated in chemotherapy resistance. Elevated expression of GSK-3β diminishes the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, thereby playing a substantial role in the development of drug resistance. Consequently, targeting of GSK-3β, particularly within the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, is regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. The precise identification and subsequent modulation of this pathway represent a substantial potential for innovative clinical interventions in the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiageng Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xinya Jiang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Lian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Huaying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Barjesteh F, Heidari-Kalvani N, Alipourfard I, Najafi M, Bahreini E. Testosterone, β-estradiol, and hepatocellular carcinoma: stimulation or inhibition? A comparative effect analysis on cell cycle, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling of HepG2 cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6121-6133. [PMID: 38421409 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Unlike breast and prostate cancers, which are specifically affected by estrogens or androgens, hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported to be influenced by both sex hormones. Given the coincidental differences of hepatocellular carcinoma in men and women, we investigated the effects of β-estradiol and testosterone on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma to understand the sex hormone-related etiology. To determine the effective concentration of both hormones, an MTT assay was performed. The effects of β-estradiol and testosterone on cell proliferation and death were evaluated by specific staining and flow cytometry. In addition, gene expression levels of estimated factors involved in GPC3-Wnt survival signaling were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both hormones inhibited hepatic cell proliferation through arresting the cell cycle at S/G2 and increased the apoptosis rate in HepG2 cells. Both hormones dose-dependently decreased GPC3, Wnt, and DVL expression levels as activators of the Wnt-signaling pathway. In the case of Wnt-signaling inhibitors, the effects of both hormones on WIF were negligible, but they increased DKK1 levels in a dose-dependent manner. In each of the effects mentioned above, β-estradiol was notably more potent than testosterone. In contrast to the primary hypothesis of the project, in which testosterone was considered a stimulating carcinogenic factor in HCC pathogenesis, testosterone inhibited the occurrence of HCC similarly to β-estradiol. However, this inhibitory effect was weaker than that of β-estradiol and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Barjesteh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Heidari-Kalvani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran.
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Dejan F, Daneshi A, Aslani JR, Ahmadi N, Roozbahani NE, Rahmanian E, Behmanesh R, Gheisari HR. Hepatoprotective effect of Holothuria leucospilota methanolic extract on dimethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:544-552. [PMID: 38949064 PMCID: PMC11369027 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary medicine is an interesting field for extracting bioactive compounds from various plant and animal sources. The hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of a species of sea cucumber called Holothuria leucospilota in an animal model of liver cancer caused by dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) was studied. METHODS Wistar female rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12): control (intact), positive control (received 1% DMN [10 mg/kg/week, intraperitoneally] for 12 weeks), and three treatment groups (received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day H. leucospilota extract orally for 12 weeks along with intraperitoneal administration of 1% DMN [10 mg/kg/week]). In all groups, ultrasound was performed on the liver every week to check its density. Blood sampling and liver isolation were performed on three occasions, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, to check liver enzymes and the histopathological condition of the liver tissue (every week, four animals from each group were randomly selected). RESULTS Liver density changes were evident from the eighth week onward in the positive control group. Histopathological results indicated pathologic changes in the positive control group after 4 weeks. The increase in liver enzymes in the positive control group was significantly different from that in the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of H. leucospilota on DMN-induced liver damage in rats using biochemical and histological parameters and ultrasonography. More additional research (in silico or in vitro) is needed to find the exact mechanism and the main biological compound in H. leucospilota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dejan
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Amineh Daneshi
- Department of EducationFarzanegan High SchoolTehranKohgiluyeh and Boyer AhmadIran
| | - Javad Rajabi Aslani
- Food Hygiene Department, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Nasrollah Ahmadi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Narges Eskandari Roozbahani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Elaham Rahmanian
- Molecular Dermatology Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Reza Behmanesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Department of RadiologyIslamic Azad UniversityGarmsarIran
| | - Hamid Reza Gheisari
- Food Hygiene Department, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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LYU M, ZHOU H, ZHI L, ZHOU J, GAN R, QIN Y, HE N, ZUO Q, LI H, DONG M, LIANG G. Saponin Ⅰ from Shuitianqi () inhibits metastasis by negatively regulating the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad7 network and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the intrahepatic metastasis Bagg's Albino/c mouse model. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:642-651. [PMID: 39066524 PMCID: PMC11337245 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of Saponin I from Shuitianqi (Rhizoma Schizocapasae Plantagineae) (SSPH I) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS The intrahepatic metastasis Bagg's Albino/c (BALB/c) mouse model was established with human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells, then treated with normal saline (once per day), cisplatin (2 mg/kg, once every 2 d), and SSPH Ⅰ (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, once per day). Then, we assessed alterations in the hepatic pathology and target protein expressions in the intrahepatic metastasis BALB/c mouse model using a series of molecular biology techniques. RESULTS Based on our analysis, SSPH Ⅰ significantly alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and tumor cells infiltration. Moreover, SSPH Ⅰ suppressed extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and angiogenesis viaa decrease in matrix etalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, CD31, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Furthermore, SSPH Ⅰ repressed invasion and meta-stasis by suppressing the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad7 axis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as evidenced by the scarce TGF-β1, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expressions, and elevated Smad7 and E-cadherin expressions. CONCLUSION The SSPH Ⅰ-mediated negative regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad7 axis and EMT are critical for the inhibition of HCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian LYU
- 1 Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Huan ZHOU
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Limin ZHI
- 3 Drug clinical trial Facility office, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Jinling ZHOU
- 4 College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Rizhi GAN
- 5 Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yanping QIN
- 6 Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Hezhou, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Nengting HE
- 7 Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Liuzhou Hospital, Liuzhou 545000, China
| | - Qiqi ZUO
- 8 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan 341000, China
| | - Hao LI
- 1 Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Min DONG
- 1 Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Gang LIANG
- 1 Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530022, China
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Ye H, Zhou M, Ru Q. A commentary on 'A multicenter case-controlled study on laparoscopic hepatectomy versus microwave ablation as first-line therapy for 3-5 cm hepatocellular carcinoma in patients aged 60 and older'. Int J Surg 2024; 110:5236-5237. [PMID: 38814261 PMCID: PMC11326004 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanke Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Meiyin Zhou
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Qingjing Ru
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Wen F, Huang P, Wu Q, Yang Y, Zhou K, Zhang M, Li Q. Promising first-line immuno-combination therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70094. [PMID: 39149756 PMCID: PMC11327610 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death all over the world, and brings a heavy social economic burden especially in China. Several immuno-combination therapies have shown promising efficacy in the first-line treatment of unresectable HCC and are widely used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, which combination is the most affordable one is unknown. Our study assessed the cost-effectiveness of the immuno-combinations as first-line treatment for patients with unresectable HCC from the perspective of Chinese payers. METHODS A Markov model was built according to five multicenter, phase III, open-label, randomized trials (Himalaya, IMbrave150, ORIENT-32, CARES-310, LEAP-002) to investigate the cost-effectiveness of tremelimumab plus durvalumab (STRIDE), atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A + B), sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar (IBI305) (S + B), camrelizumab plus rivoceranib (C + R), and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib (P + L). Three disease states were included: progression free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD) as well as death. Medical costs were searched from West China Hospital, published literatures or the Red Book. Cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were evaluated to compare costs among different combinations. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robust of the model. RESULTS The total cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of C + R, S + B, P + L, A + B and STRIDE were $12,109.27 and 0.91, $26,961.60 and 1.12, $55,382.53 and 0.83, $70,985.06 and 0.90, $84,589.01 and 0.73, respectively, resulting in the most cost-effective strategy of C + R with CER of $13,306.89 per QALY followed by S + B with CER of $24,072.86 per QALY. Compared with C + R, the ICER of S + B strategy was $70,725.38 per QALY, which would become the most cost-effective when the willing-to-pay threshold exceeded $73,500/QALY. In the subgroup analysis, with the application of Asia results in Leap-002 trial, the model results were the same as global data. In the sensitivity analysis, with the variation of parameters, the results were robust. CONCLUSION As one of the promising immuno-combination therapies in the first-line systemic treatment of HCC, camrelizumab plus rivoceranib demonstrated the potential to be the most cost-effective strategy, which warranted further studies to best inform the real-world clinical practices.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/economics
- Bevacizumab/economics
- Bevacizumab/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab/administration & dosage
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/economics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- China/epidemiology
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/economics
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/economics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Markov Chains
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Phenylurea Compounds/economics
- Progression-Free Survival
- Quality-Adjusted Life Years
- Quinolines/therapeutic use
- Quinolines/economics
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Med‐X Center for InformaticsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Peng Huang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kexun Zhou
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mengxi Zhang
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiu Li
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhao L, Kan Y, Wang L, Pan J, Li Y, Zhu H, Yang Z, Xiao L, Fu X, Peng F, Ren H. Roles of long non‑coding RNA SNHG16 in human digestive system cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:106. [PMID: 38940337 PMCID: PMC11234248 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of tumors in the human digestive system is relatively high, including esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. These malignancies arise from a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Among them, long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which cannot be translated into proteins, serve an important role in the development, progression, migration and prognosis of tumors. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is a typical lncRNA, and its relationship with digestive system tumors has been widely explored. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that the principal molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in digestive system tumors involves it functioning as a competitive endogenous RNA that interacts with other proteins, regulates various genes and influences a downstream target molecule. The present review summarizes recent research on the relationship between SNHG16 and numerous types of digestive system cancer, encompassing its biological functions, underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Furthermore, it outlines the association between SNHG16 expression and pertinent risk factors, such as smoking, infection and diet. The present review indicated the promise of SNHG16 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human digestive system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Kan
- Central Laboratory of Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Pan
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfa Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation of Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Molecular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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He T, Xu B, Ma H. TLK2 promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:3729-3741. [PMID: 39145094 PMCID: PMC11319953 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is a widespread cancer worldwide, ranking as the fifth most frequent cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. According to comprehensive research, TLK2, a phosphorylated kinase, has been discovered to play a crucial role in promoting tumor development. However, the prognostic significance and influence of TLK2 on hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cells and the immune microenvironment remain unexplored, warranting further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLK2 in promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The present study utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and other databases as training sets to examine the expression of TLK2 and its prognostic significance. The findings were subsequently validated through cell proliferation assays and cell colony assays. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to investigate the tumor-related biological processes associated with TLK2 in hepatocellular carcinoma, while the relationship between TLK2 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was analyzed via TCGA dataset analysis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to confirm the experimental results. Results TLK2 showed higher expression levels in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), T stage, pathological stage, and histological grade were significantly associated with TLK2 expression. High TLK2 expression correlated with worse overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) =1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-2.29, P=0.007], progression-free survival (PFS) (HR =1.88, 95% CI: 1.40-2.52, P<0.001) and disease specific survival (DSS) (HR =1.86, 95% CI: 1.18-2.93, P=0.007) in the training and validation sets. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TLK2 was an independent prognostic factor. GSEA showed that TLK2 was significantly enriched in tumor-related biological processes. TLK2 induced the activation of β-catenin signaling, resulting in sustained tumor growth. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and colony formation assays demonstrated that TLK2 could promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Furthermore, TLK2 showed a significant association with β-catenin in the Wnt pathway. Conclusions TLK2 represents an independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma and can promote cancer progression via the β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Borui Xu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Ma
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
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Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo J, Tang Y, Jin C, Wu M. CCL28 promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through PDGFD-regulated MMP9 and VEGFA pathways. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:324. [PMID: 39085670 PMCID: PMC11291847 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health concern with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Chemokines have emerged as critical regulators in the progression and metastasis of HCC. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in CCL28-promoted progression of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatment. Relationship between CCL28 expression and HCC progression were investigated by bioinformatic analysis and immunohistochemical staining assays. CCK-8, Transwell, and colony formation assay were conducted to explore the impact of CCL28 on the growth, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting assays were performed to learn potential molecular mechanisms underlying the transformation of HCC driven by CCL28. The results showed that there was a direct link between increased CCL28 levels and the advancement of HCC, leading to a worse outcome. CCL28 significantly augmented malignant transformation of HCC cells, containing proliferation, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity, via activation of PDGFD-regulated MMP9 and VEGFA pathways. CCL28 emerges as a pivotal contributor to HCC tumorigenesis, propelling HCC development through the PDGFD signaling pathway. Our findings unveil potential therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyi Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiading Zhang
- Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jingrou Guo
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minchen Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Tian L, Sang Y, Han B, Sun Y, Li X, Feng Y, Qin C, Qi J. Gene signature developed based on programmed cell death to predict the therapeutic response and prognosis for liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34704. [PMID: 39130419 PMCID: PMC11315169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis and therapeutic response of patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) can be predicted based on programmed cell death (PCD) as PCD plays a crucial role during tumor progression. We developed a PCD-related gene signature to evaluate the therapeutic response and prognosis for patients with LIHC. Methods Molecular subtypes of LIHC were classified using ConsensusClusterPlus according to the gene biomarkers related to PCD. To predict the prognosis of high- and low-risk LIHC patients, a risk model was established by LASSO regression analysis based on the prognostic genes. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted using clusterProfiler package, and relative abundance of immune cells was quantified applying CIBERSORT package. Finally, to determine drug sensitivity, oncoPredict package was employed. Results PCD was correlated with the clinicopathologic features of LIHC. Then, we defined four molecular subtypes (C1-C4) of LIHC using PCD-related prognostic genes. Specifically, subtype C1 had the worst prognosis with enriched T cells regulatory (Tregs) and Macrophage_M0 and higher expression of T cell exhaustion markers, meanwhile, C1 also had a relatively higher TIDE score and metastasis potential. A risk model was established using 5 prognostic genes. High-risk patients tended to have higher expression of T cell exhaustion markers and TIDE score and unfavorable outcomes, and they were more sensitive to small molecule drug 5.Fluorouracil. Conclusion A PCD-related gene signature was developed and verified to be able to accurately predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of LIHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yujie Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
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Li X, Gao L, Wang B, Hu J, Yu Y, Gu B, Xiang L, Li X, Li H, Zhang T, Wang Y, Ma C, Dong J, Lu J, Lucas A, Chen H. FXa-mediated PAR-2 promotes the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma through immune escape and anoikis resistance by inducing PD-L1 transcription. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009565. [PMID: 39060025 PMCID: PMC11284825 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high metastasis rate is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and its receptor proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) proven to promote tumor metastasis in other forms of cancer. Here, we explore the role and mechanism of FXa in the regulation of resistance of anoikis and immune escape of HCC. METHODS In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the role of FXa in HCC metastasis and its potential mechanism. The effects of FXa inhibitor rivaroxaban on HCC immunotherapy were evaluated using intrahepatic metastasis animal models and clinical trial (No. ChiCTR20000040540). We investigated the potential of FXa inhibition as a treatment for HCC. RESULTS FXa was highly expressed in HCC and promoted metastasis by activating PAR-2. Mechanistically, FXa-activated PAR-2 endows HCC cells with the ability of anoikis resistance to survive in the circulating blood by inhibiting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, suspension stimulation-induced phosphorylation of STAT2, which promotes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) transcription and inhibits the antitumor effects of immune cells by inhibiting the infiltration of CD8+T cells in tumors and the levels of secreted cytokines. In vivo inhibition of FXa with rivaroxaban reduced HCC metastasis by decreasing PD-L1 expression and exhausting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Notably, the combination of rivaroxaban and anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody (anti-PD-1) programmed Death-1 monoclonal antibody (anti-PD-1) induced synergistic antitumor effects in animal models. Most importantly, rivaroxaban improved the objective response rate of patients with HCC to immune checkpoint inhibitors and prolonged overall survival time. CONCLUSIONS FXa-activated PAR-2 promotes anoikis resistance and immune escape in HCC, suggesting the potential for combining coagulation inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jike Hu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Marchesi E, Melloni E, Casciano F, Pozza E, Argazzi R, De Risi C, Preti L, Perrone D, Navacchia ML. Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Nucleoside-Nitric Oxide Photo-Donor Hybrids. Molecules 2024; 29:3383. [PMID: 39064961 PMCID: PMC11279448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a new hybrid compound based on a 2'-deoxyuridine nucleoside conjugated with a NO photo-donor moiety (dU-t-NO) via CuAAC click chemistry. Hybrid dU-t-NO, as well as two previously reported 2'-deoxyadenosine based hybrids (dAdo-S-NO and dAdo-t-NO), were evaluated for their cytotoxic and cytostatic activities in selected cancer cell lines. dAdo-S-NO and dAdo-t-NO hybrids displayed higher activity with respect to dU-t-NO. All hybrids showed effective release of NO in the micromolar range. The photochemical behavior of the newly reported hybrid, dU-t-NO, was studied in the RKO colon carcinoma cell line, whereas the dAdo-t-NO hybrid was tested in both colon carcinoma RKO and hepatocarcinoma Hep 3B2.1-7 cell lines to evaluate the potential effect of NO released upon irradiation on cell viability. A customized irradiation apparatus for in vitro experiments was also designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marchesi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (R.A.); (C.D.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.P.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.P.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Pozza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (R.A.); (C.D.R.)
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (R.A.); (C.D.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Preti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Wei Y, Ma L, Peng Q, Lu L. Establishing an oxidative stress mitochondria-related prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma based on multi-omics characteristics and machine learning computational framework. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:287. [PMID: 39014263 PMCID: PMC11252104 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Damaged mitochondria are characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can promote cancer development. The prognostic value of the interplay between mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in HCC requires further investigation. Gene expression data of HCC samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). We screened prognostic oxidative stress mitochondria-related (OSMT) genes at the bulk transcriptome level. Based on multiple machine learning algorithms, we constructed a consensus oxidative stress mitochondria-related signature (OSMTS), which contained 26 genes. In addition, we identified six of these genes as having a suitable prognostic value for OSMTS to reduce the difficulty of clinical application. Univariate and multivariate analyses verified the OSMTS as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. The OSMTS-related nomogram demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the clinical diagnosis of HCC. We observed differences in biological function and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment between the high- and low-risk groups. The highest expression of the OSMTS was detected in hepatocytes at the single-cell transcriptome level. Hepatocytes in the high- and low-risk groups differed significantly in terms of biological function and intercellular communication. Moreover, at the spatial transcriptome level, high expression of OSMTS was mainly in regions enriched in hepatocytes and B cells. Potential drugs targeting specific risk subgroups were identified. Our study revealed that the OSMTS can serve as a promising tool for prognosis prediction and precise intervention in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lujuan Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Luo B, Zhuang L, Huang J, Shi L, Zhang L, Zhu M, Lu Y, Zhu Q, Sun D, Wang H, Fang H. LncRNA ZFAS1 regulates ATIC transcription and promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:351. [PMID: 39001904 PMCID: PMC11246283 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert a significant influence on various cancer-related processes through their intricate interactions with RNAs. Among these, lncRNA ZFAS1 has been implicated in oncogenic roles in multiple cancer types. Nevertheless, the intricate biological significance and underlying mechanism of ZFAS1 in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unexplored. METHODS Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database revealed a notable upregulation of lncRNA ZFAS1 in HCC tissues. To explore its function, we investigated colony formation and performed CCK-8 assays to gauge cellular proliferation and wound healing, Transwell assays to assess cellular migration, and an in vivo study employing a nude mouse model to scrutinize tumor growth and metastasis. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the implicated interactions. Rescue experiments were conducted to unravel the plausible mechanism underlying the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by lncRNAs ZFAS1 and ATIC. RESULTS ZFAS1 and ATIC were significantly upregulated in the HCC tissues and cells. ZFAS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and migration. We observed a direct interaction between the lncRNA ZFAS1 and ATIC. ATIC knockdown also suppressed cell proliferation and migration. SC79, an activator of AKT, partially restores the effects of lncRNA ZFAS1/ATIC knockdown on cell proliferation and migration. Knockdown of lncRNA ZFAS1/ATIC inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSION Overall, lncRNA ZFAS1 regulates ATIC transcription and contributes to the growth and migration of HCC cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University and The Wujin Clinical college of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Ju Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Longqing Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China
| | - Maoqun Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185th Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213003, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Haisheng Fang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Cai K, Zhu Y, Zheng Y, Wang H, Qian Y. B2R-Targeting Radiotracer for PET/MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Guiding Anti-B2R Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1080-1087. [PMID: 39015273 PMCID: PMC11247633 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) is overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors and is a well-defined target for tumor imaging and therapy. The hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanner is considered a noninvasive and advanced instrument for precise tumor imaging. In this work, we developed a novel B2R-targeting radiotracer, 68Ga-DOTA-icatibant, for quantifying B2R expression. 68Ga-DOTA-icatibant showed high stability, fast clearance and specific binding to B2R. PET/MR imaging revealed excellent tumor accumulation, and the uptake in tumors could be blocked by DOTA-icatibant. Icatibant-mediated anti-B2R therapy downregulated B2R expression in tumor cells and inhibited the growth of HepG2 tumors, and the decrease in tumor uptake was monitored by timely PET/MR imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining results further demonstrated that the efficacy of anti-B2R could be accurately monitored with the developed PET/MR imaging radiotracer. 68Ga-DOTA-icatibant can be utilized to noninvasively determine B2R expression and dynamically and sensitively monitor the efficacy of anti-B2R therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cai
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunzhu Zhu
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
- Department
of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
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Wang J, Fang Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Zhao Y. Emerging mRNA Technology for Liver Disease Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17378-17406. [PMID: 38916747 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases have consistently posed substantial challenges to global health. It is crucial to find innovative methods to effectively prevent and treat these diseases. In recent times, there has been an increasing interest in the use of mRNA formulations that accumulate in liver tissue for the treatment of hepatic diseases. In this review, we start by providing a detailed introduction to the mRNA technology. Afterward, we highlight types of liver diseases, discussing their causes, risks, and common therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we summarize the latest advancements in mRNA technology for the treatment of liver diseases. This includes systems based on hepatocyte growth factor, hepatitis B virus antibody, left-right determination factor 1, human hepatocyte nuclear factor α, interleukin-12, methylmalonyl-coenzyme A mutase, etc. Lastly, we provide an outlook on the potential of mRNA technology for the treatment of liver diseases, while also highlighting the various technical challenges that need to be addressed. Despite these difficulties, mRNA-based therapeutic strategies may change traditional treatment methods, bringing hope to patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yile Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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50
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Gao B, Zhou P, Wang L, Wang Z, Yi Y, Li X, Zhou J, Fan J, Qiu S, Xu Y. Effects of the subtypes of apolipoprotein E on immune inhibition and prognosis in patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:341. [PMID: 38976030 PMCID: PMC11230970 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is affected by the abundance and subgroups of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as well as subtypes and expression of apolipoprotein E (apoE). METHODS 31 HCC patients were divided into three groups according to blood total apoE level for detecting the abundance of immunoregulatory cells by flow cytometry. Tumour tissue microarrays from 360 HCC patients were evaluated about the abundance and subgroups of MDSCs and the expression of apoE2, apoE3, apoE4 by immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry staining. Survival analysis by means of univariate, multivariate COX regression and Kaplan-Meier methods of the 360 patients was performed based on clinical and pathological examinations along with 10 years' follow-up data. RESULTS The lower apoE group presented higher abundance of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of HCC patients than higher apoE group. The abundance of monocyte-like MDSCs (M-MDSCs) was higher in the apoE low level group than high level group (p = 0.0399). Lower H-score of apoE2 (HR = 6.140, p = 0.00005) and higher H-score of apoE4 (HR = 7.001, p = 0.009) in tumour tissue were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS). The higher infiltration of polymorphonuclear granulocyte-like MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs, HR = 3.762, p = 0.000009) and smaller proportion of M-MDSCs of total cells (HR = 0.454, p = 0.006) in tumour tissue were independent risk factors for shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS). CONCLUSION The abundance of MDSCs in HCC patients' plasma negatively correlates with the level of apoE. The expression of apoE4 in HCC tissue indicated a poor prognosis while apoE2 might be a potential protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peiyun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhutao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuangjian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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