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Qian T, Bai F, Zhang S, Xu Y, Wang Y, Yuan S, Liu X, Du Y, Peng B, Zhu WG, Xu X, Pei XH. USP11 deubiquitinates E-cadherin and maintains luminal fate of mammary tumor cells to suppress breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2024:107768. [PMID: 39270819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer may originate from luminal epithelial or cancerous cells. Inadequately repaired DNA damage impairs luminal differentiation and promotes aberrant luminal to basal trans-differentiation in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11), a deubiquitinase, plays a critical role in DNA damage repair. The role of USP11 in controlling mammary cell differentiation and tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. We generated Usp11 knockout mice and breast cancer cell lines expressing wild-type (WT) and mutant form of USP11. By using these mutant mice, cell lines, and human USP11-deficient and -proficient breast cancer tissues, we tested how USP11 controls mammary cell fate. We generated Usp11 knock-out mice and found that deletion of Usp11 reduced the expression of E-cadherin and promoted DNA damage in MECs. Overexpression of WT USP11, but not a deubiquitinase-inactive mutant form of USP11, promoted luminal differentiation, enhanced DNA damage repair, and suppressed tumorigenesis in mice. Mechanistically, we found that USP11 enhanced the protein expression of E-cadherin dependent on its deubiquitinase activity, and that USP11 deubiquitinated E-cadherin at K738. We discovered that USP11 bound to E-cadherin through its C-terminal region. In human breast cancers, expression of USP11 was positively correlated with that of E-cadherin, and high USP11 predicted better recurrence-free survival. Our findings provide compelling genetic and biochemical evidence that USP11 not only promotes DNA damage repair but also deubiquitinates E-cadherin and maintains the luminal feature of mammary tumor cells, thereby suppressing luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China; Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Gansu Dian Medical Laboratory, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuping Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yaru Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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2
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Liu J, Wang J, Xv S, Bi C. Selenium Counteracts Tight Junction Disruption and Attenuates the NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Mouse Mammary Glands. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04210-8. [PMID: 38676878 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are the key determinant of barrier function in the mammary gland, with their disruption being associated with the pathogenesis and progression of mastitis, especially in the case of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. This study investigated whether selenium (Se) could attenuate S. aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting inflammation and protecting mammary gland TJs in mice. The expression profiles of S. aureus-infected gland tissues derived from the gene expression omnibus dataset were analyzed. We found cytokine production, cell junctions, the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, and inflammatory responses associated with the differentially expressed genes, as revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Se reduced the mRNA expression and production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased phosphorylation levels of the NF-κB complex. Moreover, Se alleviated structural damage and microvillus injury in mammary glands. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Se increased the expression of Claudin-3; Western blot analysis revealed increased protein levels of Occludin and Tricellulin in the group supplemented with dietary Se. In summary, Se counteracted TJ disruption and attenuated NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in S. aureus-infected mouse mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, BaodingHebei Province, 071001, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, LinyiShandong Province, 276005, China
| | - Shiyang Xv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, LinyiShandong Province, 276005, China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, LinyiShandong Province, 276005, China.
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3
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Quinsgaard EMB, Korsnes MS, Korsnes R, Moestue SA. Single-cell tracking as a tool for studying EMT-phenotypes. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113993. [PMID: 38485079 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
This article demonstrates that label-free single-cell video tracking is a useful approach for in vitro studies of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT is a highly heterogeneous process, involved in wound healing, embryogenesis and cancer. The process promotes metastasis, and increased understanding can aid development of novel therapeutic strategies. The role of EMT-associated biomarkers depends on biological context, making it challenging to compare and interpret data from different studies. We demonstrate single-cell video tracking for comprehensive phenotype analysis. In this study we performed single-cell video tracking on 72-h long recordings. We quantified several behaviours at a single-cell level during induced EMT in MDA-MB-468 cells. This revealed notable variations in migration speed, with different dose-response patterns and varying distributions of speed. By registering cell morphologies during the recording, we determined preferred paths of morphological transitions. We also found a clear association between migration speed and cell morphology. We found elevated rates of cell death, diminished proliferation, and an increase in mitotic failures followed by re-fusion of sister-cells. The method allows tracking of phenotypes in cell lineages, which can be particularly useful in epigenetic studies. Sister-cells were found to have significant similarities in their speeds and morphologies, illustrating the heritability of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Marie Botne Quinsgaard
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Mónica Suárez Korsnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Korsnes Biocomputing (KoBio), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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4
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Pfannenstein A, Macara IG. A junction-dependent mechanism drives murine mammary cell intercalation for ductal elongation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1126-1138.e4. [PMID: 37141887 PMCID: PMC10524519 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The luminal epithelium of the mammary gland is organized into monolayers; however, it originates from multilayered terminal end buds (TEBs) during development. Although apoptosis provides a plausible mechanism for cavitation of the ductal lumen, it doesn't account for ductal elongation behind TEBs. Spatial calculations in mice suggest that most TEB cells integrate into the outermost luminal layer to generate elongation. We developed a quantitative cell culture assay that models intercalation into epithelial monolayers. We found that tight junction proteins play a key role in this process. ZO-1 puncta form at the new cellular interface and resolve into a new boundary as intercalation proceeds. Deleting ZO-1 suppresses intercalation both in culture and in cells transplanted into mammary glands via intraductal injection. Cytoskeletal rearrangements at the interface are critical for intercalation. These data identify luminal cell rearrangements necessary for mammary development and suggest a mechanism for integration of cells into an existing monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pfannenstein
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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5
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miR-183-5p overexpression orchestrates collective invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through the FAT1/YAP1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 655:127-137. [PMID: 36934588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of cancer cells into interstitial tissues in a cohesive unit is termed collective invasion, and it is important for the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). However, the underlying mechanisms regulating SACC collective invasion are still poorly understood. Here, we found that SACC tissues exhibited remarkable FAT1 downregulation and YAP1 upregulation at the invasive front, which was closely associated with collective invasion and distant metastasis. Decreasing FAT1 expression significantly activated the YAP1 signaling pathway and promoted collective invasion. Moreover, miR-183-5p was identified as the candidate regulator of FAT1 by bioinformatic analysis and an online database algorithm. A dual luciferase reporter experiment further confirmed that miR-183-5p directly targeted the FAT1 3'-UTR to reduce FAT1 expression. Increasing or decreasing miR-183-5p expression promoted or attenuated collective invasion, which was reversed by YAP1 siRNA or FAT1 siRNA, respectively. In addition, knocking down miR-183-5p reduced tumor burden and attenuated collective invasion in vivo. Together, these results suggest that the miR-183-5p/FAT1/YAP1 signaling pathway is a critical driver of SACC collective invasion, revealing a novel therapeutic target.
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6
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Lu J, Liu Q, Zhu L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Peng S, Chen M, Li P. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 drives cervical cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1043. [PMID: 36522312 PMCID: PMC9755307 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression, biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) in human cervical cancer remain unclear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ESM1 expression was significantly elevated in human cervical cancer tissues, correlating with patients' poor prognosis. Moreover, ESM1 mRNA and protein upregulation was detected in local cervical cancer tissues and various cervical cancer cells. In established and primary cervical cancer cells, ESM1 shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-induced ESM1 KO hindered cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, in vitro cell migration and invasion, and induced significant apoptosis. Whereas ESM1 overexpression by a lentiviral construct accelerated proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. Further bioinformatics studies and RNA sequencing data discovered that ESM1-assocaited differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in PI3K-Akt and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cascades. Indeed, PI3K-Akt cascade and expression of EMT-promoting proteins were decreased after ESM1 silencing in cervical cancer cells, but increased following ESM1 overexpression. Further studies demonstrated that SYT13 (synaptotagmin 13) could be a primary target gene of ESM1. SYT13 silencing potently inhibited ESM1-overexpression-induced PI3K-Akt cascade activation and cervical cancer cell migration/invasion. In vivo, ESM1 knockout hindered SiHa cervical cancer xenograft growth in mice. In ESM1-knockout xenografts tissues, PI3K-Akt inhibition, EMT-promoting proteins downregulation and apoptosis activation were detected. In conclusion, overexpressed ESM1 is important for cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, possibly by promoting PI3K-Akt activation and EMT progression. ESM1 represents as a promising diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XClinical Research and Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 215300 Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhu
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shiqing Peng
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Minbin Chen
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Ping Li
- grid.452273.50000 0004 4914 577XDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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7
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Pasapera AM, Heissler SM, Eto M, Nishimura Y, Fischer RS, Thiam HR, Waterman CM. MARK2 regulates directed cell migration through modulation of myosin II contractility and focal adhesion organization. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2704-2718.e6. [PMID: 35594862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration during metastasis is mediated by a highly polarized cytoskeleton. MARK2 and its invertebrate homolog Par1B are kinases that regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton to mediate polarization of neurons in mammals and embryos in invertebrates. However, the role of MARK2 in cancer cell migration is unclear. Using osteosarcoma cells, we found that in addition to its known localizations on microtubules and the plasma membrane, MARK2 also associates with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. Cells depleted of MARK proteins demonstrated that MARK2 promotes phosphorylation of both myosin II and the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit MYPT1 to synergistically drive myosin II contractility and stress fiber formation in cells. Studies with isolated proteins showed that MARK2 directly phosphorylates myosin II regulatory light chain, while its effects on MYPT1 phosphorylation are indirect. Using a mutant lacking the membrane-binding domain, we found that membrane association is required for focal adhesion targeting of MARK2, where it specifically enhances cell protrusion by promoting FAK phosphorylation and formation of focal adhesions oriented in the direction of migration to mediate directionally persistent cell motility. Together, our results define MARK2 as a master regulator of the actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems and focal adhesions to mediate directional cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pasapera
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimura
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Developmental Physiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa R Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Zhang S, He Y, Xuan Q, Ling X, Men K, Zhao X, Xue D, Li L, Zhang Y. TMEM139 prevents NSCLC metastasis by inhibiting lysosomal degradation of E-cadherin. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1999-2007. [PMID: 35302694 PMCID: PMC9207374 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and has the highest mortality rate among all solid tumors. It is characterized by early metastasis, and investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and metastasis of NSCLC are urgently needed for the development of therapeutic targets. Here, we report that the transmembrane protein TMEM139 is significantly downregulated in NSCLC and that reduced expression of TMEM139 is correlated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, we found that TMEM139 directly interacts with E‐cadherin at the plasma membrane and at focal adhesion sites. Moreover, TMEM139 can prevent the lysosomal degradation of E‐cadherin, which inhibits epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our study not only expands our understanding of NSCLC metastasis but also provides a foundation to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunlong He
- Department of radiation oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qijia Xuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Kaiya Men
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dinglong Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hu Lun Bei Er Ren Min Hospital, Inner Mongolia Province, China
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9
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Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:789841. [PMID: 35223831 PMCID: PMC8864183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.789841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelasticity and its alteration in time and space has turned out to act as a key element in fundamental biological processes in living systems, such as morphogenesis and motility. Based on experimental and theoretical findings it can be proposed that viscoelasticity of cells, spheroids and tissues seems to be a collective characteristic that demands macromolecular, intracellular component and intercellular interactions. A major challenge is to couple the alterations in the macroscopic structural or material characteristics of cells, spheroids and tissues, such as cell and tissue phase transitions, to the microscopic interferences of their elements. Therefore, the biophysical technologies need to be improved, advanced and connected to classical biological assays. In this review, the viscoelastic nature of cytoskeletal, extracellular and cellular networks is presented and discussed. Viscoelasticity is conceptualized as a major contributor to cell migration and invasion and it is discussed whether it can serve as a biomarker for the cells' migratory capacity in several biological contexts. It can be hypothesized that the statistical mechanics of intra- and extracellular networks may be applied in the future as a powerful tool to explore quantitatively the biomechanical foundation of viscoelasticity over a broad range of time and length scales. Finally, the importance of the cellular viscoelasticity is illustrated in identifying and characterizing multiple disorders, such as cancer, tissue injuries, acute or chronic inflammations or fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Hirose Y, Hirai Y. Cooperation of membrane-translocated syntaxin4 and basement membrane for dynamic mammary epithelial morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273506. [PMID: 34676419 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelia undergo dramatic morphogenesis after puberty. During pregnancy, luminal epithelial cells in ductal trees are arranged to form well-polarized cystic structures surrounded by a myoepithelial cell layer, an active supplier of the basement membrane (BM). Here, we identified a novel regulatory mechanism involved in this process by using a reconstituted BM-based three-dimensional culture and aggregates of a model mouse cell line, EpH4, that had either been manipulated for inducible expression of the t-SNARE protein syntaxin4 in intact or signal peptide-connected forms, or that were genetically deficient in syntaxin4. We found that cells extruded syntaxin4 upon stimulation with the lactogenic hormone prolactin, which in turn accelerated the turnover of E-cadherin. In response to extracellular expression of syntaxin4, cell populations that were less affected by the BM actively migrated and integrated into the cell layer facing the BM. Concurrently, the BM-facing cells, which were simultaneously stimulated with syntaxin4 and BM, acquired unique epithelial characteristics to undergo dramatic cellular arrangement for cyst formation. These results highlight the importance of the concerted action of extracellular syntaxin4 extruded in response to the lactogenic hormone and BM components in epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Hirose
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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11
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Janbazacyabar H, van Daal M, Leusink-Muis T, van Ark I, Garssen J, Folkerts G, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Braber S. The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pregnancy and Offspring: Possible Role for EGF? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680902. [PMID: 34485278 PMCID: PMC8415274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal smoke exposure on pregnancy and offspring immunity and explored whether, epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important growth-promoting factor in human colostrum and milk, might be a possible missing link in maternal smoke exposure and changes in infants’ immune responses. Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to either cigarette smoke or air during gestation and lactation, and effects on pulmonary inflammation in dams and immune responses in offspring were examined. Maternal smoke exposure increased airway hyperresponsiveness and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs of pregnant dams compared to non-pregnant dams. The E-cadherin protein expression was reduced in mammary glands of cigarette smoke-exposed pregnant dams. EGF levels were higher in mammary glands and serum of smoke-exposed pregnant dams compared to air-exposed pregnant dams. Offspring from cigarette smoke-exposed dams exhibited elevated levels of IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-22, and IL-13 in anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants. EGF levels were also increased in serum of offspring from smoke-exposed dams. A positive correlation was observed between serum EGF levels and neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the dams. Interestingly, IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-22, IL13, and IFN-γ levels in anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants of male pups also showed a positive correlation with EGF serum levels. In summary, our results reveal that maternal smoke exposure predisposes dams to exacerbated airway inflammation and offspring to exacerbated immune responses and both phenomena are associated with elevated EGF concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Janbazacyabar
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marthe van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thea Leusink-Muis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Sarró E, Durán M, Rico A, Bou-Teen D, Fernández-Majada V, Croatt AJ, Nath KA, Salcedo MT, Gundelach JH, Batlle D, Bram RJ, Meseguer A. Cyclophilins A and B oppositely regulate renal tubular epithelial cell phenotype. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:499-514. [PMID: 32162654 PMCID: PMC7493029 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of kidney tubular epithelium following sublethal injury sequentially involves partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (pEMT), proliferation, and further redifferentiation into specialized tubule epithelial cells (TECs). Because the immunosuppressant cyclosporine-A produces pEMT in TECs and inhibits the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity of cyclophilin (Cyp) proteins, we hypothesized that cyclophilins could regulate TEC phenotype. Here we demonstrate that in cultured TECs, CypA silencing triggers loss of epithelial features and enhances transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced EMT in association with upregulation of epithelial repressors Slug and Snail. This pro-epithelial action of CypA relies on its PPIase activity. By contrast, CypB emerges as an epithelial repressor, because CypB silencing promotes epithelial differentiation, prevents TGFβ-induced EMT, and induces tubular structures in 3D cultures. In addition, in the kidneys of CypB knockout mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic events were attenuated. CypB silencing/knockout leads to Slug, but not Snail, downregulation. CypB support of Slug expression depends on its endoplasmic reticulum location, where it interacts with calreticulin, a calcium-buffering chaperone related to Slug expression. As CypB silencing reduces ionomycin-induced calcium release and Slug upregulation, we suggest that Slug expression may rely on CypB modulation of calreticulin-dependent calcium signaling. In conclusion, this work uncovers new roles for CypA and CypB in modulating TEC plasticity and identifies CypB as a druggable target potentially relevant in promoting kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Sarró
- Renal Physiopathology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Durán
- Renal Physiopathology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rico
- Renal Physiopathology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Bou-Teen
- Cardiovascular Diseases Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Majada
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anthony J Croatt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Salcedo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin H Gundelach
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Richard J Bram
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Renal Physiopathology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Esmaeili-Fard SM, Gholizadeh M, Hafezian SH, Abdollahi-Arpanahi R. Genes and Pathways Affecting Sheep Productivity Traits: Genetic Parameters, Genome-Wide Association Mapping, and Pathway Enrichment Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:710613. [PMID: 34394196 PMCID: PMC8355708 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.710613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewe productivity is a composite and maternal trait that is considered the most important economic trait in sheep meat production. The objective of this study was the application of alternative genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the ewes’ genome to identify genes affecting pregnancy outcomes and lamb growth after parturition in Iranian Baluchi sheep. Three maternal composite traits at birth and weaning were considered. The traits were progeny birth weight, litter mean weight at birth, total litter weight at birth, progeny weaning weight, litter mean weight at weaning, and total litter weight at weaning. GWASs were performed on original phenotypes as well as on estimated breeding values. The significant SNPs associated with composite traits at birth were located within or near genes RDX, FDX1, ARHGAP20, ZC3H12C, THBS1, and EPG5. Identified genes and pathways have functions related to pregnancy, such as autophagy in the placenta, progesterone production by the placenta, placental formation, calcium ion transport, and maternal immune response. For composite traits at weaning, genes (NR2C1, VEZT, HSD17B4, RSU1, CUBN, VIM, PRLR, and FTH1) and pathways affecting feed intake and food conservation, development of mammary glands cytoskeleton structure, and production of milk components like fatty acids, proteins, and vitamin B-12, were identified. The results show that calcium ion transport during pregnancy and feeding lambs by milk after parturition can have the greatest impact on weight gain as compared to other effects of maternal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Esmaeili-Fard
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gholizadeh
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Hasan Hafezian
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
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14
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Hao P, Huang Y, Peng J, Yu J, Guo X, Bao F, Dian Z, An S, Xu TR. IRS4 promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer and confers resistance to EGFR-TKI through the activation of PI3K/Akt and Ras-MAPK pathways. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112615. [PMID: 33894221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IRS4 is a member of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein family. It acts as a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, integrating and transmitting signals from receptor protein tyrosine kinases to the intracellular environment. IRS4 can induce mammary tumorigenesis and is usually overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the role of IRS4 in the development and progression of lung cancer. In this study, we show that IRS4 knockout suppresses the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells, as well as tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. In contrast, stable expression of IRS4 showed the opposite effects. As expected, IRS4 was found to activate the PI3K/Akt and Ras-MAPK pathways, and we also showed that IRS4 depletion significantly enhanced the sensitivity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-resistant cells to gefitinib. Taken together, these results show that IRS4 promotes NSCLC progression and may represent a potential therapeutic target for EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gefitinib/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210018, China; The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Jun Peng
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fan Bao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Ziqin Dian
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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15
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Charifou E, Sumbal J, Koledova Z, Li H, Chiche A. A Robust Mammary Organoid System to Model Lactation and Involution-like Processes. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3996. [PMID: 34124297 PMCID: PMC8160540 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly dynamic tissue that changes throughout reproductive life, including growth during puberty and repetitive cycles of pregnancy and involution. Mammary gland tumors represent the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of mammary gland development is essential for understanding how dysregulation can lead to breast cancer initiation and progression. Three-dimensional (3D) mammary organoids offer many exciting possibilities for the study of tissue development and breast cancer. In the present protocol derived from Sumbal et al., we describe a straightforward 3D organoid system for the study of lactation and involution ex vivo. We use primary and passaged mouse mammary organoids stimulated with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and prolactin to model the three cycles of mouse mammary gland lactation and involution processes. This 3D organoid model represents a valuable tool to study late postnatal mammary gland development and breast cancer, in particular postpartum-associated breast cancer. Graphic abstract: Mammary gland organoid isolation and culture procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Charifou
- Cellular Plasticity & Disease Modeling - Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR3738 - Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jakub Sumbal
- Cellular Plasticity & Disease Modeling - Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR3738 - Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Han Li
- Cellular Plasticity & Disease Modeling - Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR3738 - Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Aurélie Chiche
- Cellular Plasticity & Disease Modeling - Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR3738 - Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
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16
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Zonneveld MI, van Herwijnen MJC, Fernandez-Gutierrez MM, Giovanazzi A, de Groot AM, Kleinjan M, van Capel TMM, Sijts AJAM, Taams LS, Garssen J, de Jong EC, Kleerebezem M, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM, Redegeld FA, Wauben MHM. Human milk extracellular vesicles target nodes in interconnected signalling pathways that enhance oral epithelial barrier function and dampen immune responses. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12071. [PMID: 33732416 PMCID: PMC7944547 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal milk is nature's first functional food. It plays a crucial role in the development of the infant's gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the immune system. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer enclosed vesicles released by cells for intercellular communication and are a component of milk. Recently, we discovered that human milk EVs contain a unique proteome compared to other milk components. Here, we show that physiological concentrations of milk EVs support epithelial barrier function by increasing cell migration via the p38 MAPK pathway. Additionally, milk EVs inhibit agonist‐induced activation of endosomal Toll like receptors TLR3 and TLR9. Furthermore, milk EVs directly inhibit activation of CD4+ T cells by temporarily suppressing T cell activation without inducing tolerance. We show that milk EV proteins target key hotspots of signalling networks that can modulate cellular processes in various cell types of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke I Zonneveld
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Alberta Giovanazzi
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marit de Groot
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marije Kleinjan
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Toni M M van Capel
- Department of Experimental Immunology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Centre for inflammation University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II) Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alice J A M Sijts
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology Department of Inflammation Biology School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands.,Global Centre of Excellence Immunology Danone Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Centre for inflammation University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AI&II) Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group Department of Animal Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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17
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Farhadian M, Rafat SA, Panahi B, Mayack C. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies modules and functionally enriched pathways in the lactation process. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2367. [PMID: 33504890 PMCID: PMC7840764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in knowledge has resulted in a better understanding of the lactation process in a wide variety of animals. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms are not yet clearly known. In order to identify the mechanisms involved in the lactation process, various mehods, including meta-analysis, weighted gene co-express network analysis (WGCNA), hub genes identification, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment at before peak (BP), peak (P), and after peak (AP) stages of the lactation processes have been employed. A total of 104, 85, and 26 differentially expressed genes were identified based on PB vs. P, BP vs. AP, and P vs. AP comparisons, respectively. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the "ubiquitin-dependent ERAD" and the "chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding" in BP vs. P and P vs. P, respectively. WGCNA identified five significant functional modules related to the lactation process. Moreover, GJA1, AP2A2, and NPAS3 were defined as hub genes in the identified modules, highlighting the importance of their regulatory impacts on the lactation process. The findings of this study provide new insights into the complex regulatory networks of the lactation process at three distinct stages, while suggesting several candidate genes that may be useful for future animal breeding programs. Furthermore, this study supports the notion that in combination with a meta-analysis, the WGCNA represents an opportunity to achieve a higher resolution analysis that can better predict the most important functional genes that might provide a more robust bio-signature for phenotypic traits, thus providing more suitable biomarker candidates for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farhadian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abbas Rafat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Panahi
- Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Christopher Mayack
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
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18
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Kaszak I, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Niewiadomska Z, Dworecka-Kaszak B, Ngosa Toka F, Jurka P. Role of Cadherins in Cancer-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7624. [PMID: 33076339 PMCID: PMC7589192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins play an important role in tissue homeostasis, as they are responsible for cell-cell adhesion during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Cadherins are inseparably connected with catenins, forming cadherin-catenin complexes, which are crucial for cell-to-cell adherence. Any dysfunction or destabilization of cadherin-catenin complex may result in tumor progression. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism in which epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression is lost during tumor progression. However, during tumorigenesis, many processes take place, and downregulation of E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin and p120 catenin (p120) signaling are among the most critical. Additional signaling pathways, such as Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Rho GTPases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Hippo affect cadherin cell-cell adhesion and also contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Many signaling pathways may be activated during tumorigenesis; thus, cadherin-targeting drugs seem to limit the progression of malignant tumor. This review discusses the role of cadherins in selected signaling mechanisms involved in tumor growth. The clinical importance of cadherin will be discussed in cases of human and animal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaszak
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Carnivore Reproduction Study Center, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maison Alfort, France;
| | - Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix Ngosa Toka
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, BOX 334 Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West Indies;
| | - Piotr Jurka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
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19
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Mitchel JA, Das A, O'Sullivan MJ, Stancil IT, DeCamp SJ, Koehler S, Ocaña OH, Butler JP, Fredberg JJ, Nieto MA, Bi D, Park JA. In primary airway epithelial cells, the unjamming transition is distinct from the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5053. [PMID: 33028821 PMCID: PMC7542457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the unjamming transition (UJT) each comprises a gateway to cellular migration, plasticity and remodeling, but the extent to which these core programs are distinct, overlapping, or identical has remained undefined. Here, we triggered partial EMT (pEMT) or UJT in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. After triggering UJT, cell-cell junctions, apico-basal polarity, and barrier function remain intact, cells elongate and align into cooperative migratory packs, and mesenchymal markers of EMT remain unapparent. After triggering pEMT these and other metrics of UJT versus pEMT diverge. A computational model attributes effects of pEMT mainly to diminished junctional tension but attributes those of UJT mainly to augmented cellular propulsion. Through the actions of UJT and pEMT working independently, sequentially, or interactively, those tissues that are subject to development, injury, or disease become endowed with rich mechanisms for cellular migration, plasticity, self-repair, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Das
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ian T Stancil
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Oscar H Ocaña
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - James P Butler
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Short KM, Smyth IM. Branching morphogenesis as a driver of renal development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2578-2587. [PMID: 32790143 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is an integral developmental mechanism central to the formation of a range of organs including the kidney, lung, pancreas and mammary gland. The ramified networks of epithelial tubules it establishes are critical for the processes of secretion, excretion and exchange mediated by these tissues. In the kidney, branching serves to establish the collecting duct system that transports urine from the nephrons into the renal pelvis, ureter and finally the bladder. Generally speaking, the formation of these networks in different organs begins with the specification and differentiation of simple bud-like organ anlage, which then undergo a process of elaboration, typically by bifurcation. This process is often governed by the interaction of progenitor cells at the tips of the epithelia with neighboring mesenchymal cell populations which direct the branching process and which often themselves differentiate to form part of the adult organ. In the kidney, the tips of ureteric bud elaborate through a dynamic cell signaling relationship with overlying nephron progenitor cell populations. These cells sequentially commit to differentiation and the resulting nephrons reintegrate with the ureteric epithelium as development progresses. This review will describe recent advances in understanding the how the elaboration of the ureteric bud is patterned and consider the extent to which this process is shared with other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M Short
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Sterneck E, Poria DK, Balamurugan K. Slug and E-Cadherin: Stealth Accomplices? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:138. [PMID: 32760736 PMCID: PMC7371942 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During physiological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is important for embryogenesis and wound healing, epithelial cells activate a program to remodel their structure and achieve a mesenchymal fate. In cancer cells, EMT confers increased invasiveness and tumor-initiating capacity, which contribute to metastasis and resistance to therapeutics. However, cellular plasticity that navigates between epithelial and mesenchymal states and maintenance of a hybrid or partial E/M phenotype appears to be even more important for cancer progression. Besides other core EMT transcription factors, the well-characterized Snail-family proteins Snail (SNAI1) and Slug (SNAI2) play important roles in both physiological and pathological EMT. Often mentioned in unison, they do, however, differ in their functions in many scenarios. Indeed, Slug expression does not always correlate with complete EMT or loss of E-cadherin (CDH1). For example, Slug plays important roles in mammary epithelial cell progenitor cell lineage commitment and differentiation, DNA damage responses, hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, and in pathologies such as pulmonary fibrosis and atherosclerosis. In this Perspective, we highlight Slug functions in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer as a “non-EMT factor” in basal epithelial cells and stem cells with focus reports that demonstrate co-expression of Slug and E-cadherin. We speculate that Slug and E-cadherin may cooperate in normal mammary gland and breast cancer/stem cells and advocate for functional assessment of such Slug+/E-cadherinlow/+ (SNAI2+/CDH1low/+) “basal-like epithelial” cells. Thus, Slug may be regarded as less of an EMT factor than driver of the basal epithelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Dipak K Poria
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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22
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Gaponova AV, Rodin S, Mazina AA, Volchkov PV. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Cancer Progression and the Perspectives of Antitumor Treatment. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:4-23. [PMID: 33173593 PMCID: PMC7604894 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 90% of all malignant tumors are of epithelial nature. The epithelial tissue is characterized by a close interconnection between cells through cell-cell interactions, as well as a tight connection with the basement membrane, which is responsible for cell polarity. These interactions strictly determine the location of epithelial cells within the body and are seemingly in conflict with the metastatic potential that many cancers possess (the main criteria for highly malignant tumors). Tumor dissemination into vital organs is one of the primary causes of death in patients with cancer. Tumor dissemination is based on the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process when epithelial cells are transformed into mesenchymal cells possessing high mobility and migration potential. More and more studies elucidating the role of the EMT in metastasis and other aspects of tumor progression are published each year, thus forming a promising field of cancer research. In this review, we examine the most recent data on the intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms that activate EMT and the role they play in various aspects of tumor progression, such as metastasis, apoptotic resistance, and immune evasion, aspects that have usually been attributed exclusively to cancer stem cells (CSCs). In conclusion, we provide a detailed review of the approved and promising drugs for cancer therapy that target the components of the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Gaponova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - S. Rodin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - A. A. Mazina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - P. V. Volchkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
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23
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Jin S, He J, Zhou Y, Wu D, Li J, Gao W. LncRNA FTX activates FOXA2 expression to inhibit non-small-cell lung cancer proliferation and metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4839-4849. [PMID: 32176463 PMCID: PMC7176842 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer leads to the highest mortality among all cancer types in the world, and non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occupies over 80% of the lung cancer cases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in various human diseases including cancer. LncRNA FTX was firstly identified in Xist gene locus and was dysregulated in many human cancers. However, the function of FTX in NSCLC is still unclear. Here, we report that long non‐coding RNA FTX expression level is down‐regulated in NSCLC clinical tissue samples and cell lines. Ectopic expression of FTX inhibits proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we find that FTX overexpression activates the expression of transcription factor FOXA2, an important regulator in lung cancer progression, and we reveal a novel FTX/miR‐200a‐3p/FOXA2 competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis in lung cancer cells. Our results provide new insights and directions for exploring the function of FTX in lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidai Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deqin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Mishra AK, Campanale JP, Mondo JA, Montell DJ. Cell interactions in collective cell migration. Development 2019; 146:146/23/dev172056. [PMID: 31806626 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement of a physically connected group of cells and is a prominent driver of development and metastasis. Interactions between cells within migrating collectives, and between migrating cells and other cells in the environment, play key roles in stimulating motility, steering and sometimes promoting cell survival. Similarly, diverse heterotypic interactions and collective behaviors likely contribute to tumor metastasis. Here, we describe a sampling of cells that migrate collectively in vivo, including well-established and newer examples. We focus on the under-appreciated property that many - perhaps most - collectively migrating cells move as cooperating groups of distinct cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinava K Mishra
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joseph P Campanale
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - James A Mondo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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25
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Rhomboid-Like-2 Intramembrane Protease Mediates Metalloprotease-Independent Regulation of Cadherins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235958. [PMID: 31783481 PMCID: PMC6928865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are a major family of cell-cell adhesive receptors, which are implicated in development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Here, we show a novel mechanism of post-translational regulation of E-cadherin in cancer cells by an intramembrane protease of the Rhomboid family, RHBDL2, which leads to the shedding of E-cadherin extracellular domain. In addition, our data indicate that RHBDL2 mediates a similar activity on VE-cadherin, which is selectively expressed by endothelial cells. We show that RHBDL2 promotes cell migration, which is consistent with its ability to interfere with the functional role of cadherins as negative regulators of motility; moreover, the two players appear to lie in the same functional pathway. Importantly, we show that RHBDL2 expression is induced by the inflammatory chemokine TNFα. The E-cadherin extracellular domain is known to be released by metalloproteases (MMPs); however, here, we provide evidence of a novel MMP-independent, TNFα inducible, E-cadherin processing mechanism that is mediated by RHBDL2. Thus, the intramembrane protease RHBDL2 is a novel regulator of cadherins promoting cell motility.
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26
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Mizukoshi K, Okazawa Y, Haeno H, Koyama Y, Sulidan K, Komiyama H, Saeki H, Ohtsuji N, Ito Y, Kojima Y, Goto M, Habu S, Hino O, Sakamoto K, Orimo A. Metastatic seeding of human colon cancer cell clusters expressing the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2547-2562. [PMID: 31506938 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the theory that tumor cell clusters efficiently metastasize to distant organs. However, the roles of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastasizing tumor cell clusters have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate this issue, tumor fragments were dissected from 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We observed that tumors developed from the tumor fragments obtained from 28 of the 40 CRC patients. The tumors were then dissociated into cell suspensions to be orthotopically injected into secondary mice. The tumors from 13 of the 28 patients progressed. Furthermore, metastases formed spontaneously in the liver and lungs from the tumor fragments obtained from 8 of these 13 patients. Moreover, employing a mathematical analysis, we showed that tumor cell clusters seeded these metastases significantly more often than did single tumor cells. Membrane E-cadherin- and nuclear ZEB1-positive tumor cells indicating the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state were also detected in primary tumors of various CRC patients, and in the corresponding patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and circulating tumor cell clusters in the bloodstreams of mice. In contrast, ZEB1 staining was barely detectable in the patient-matched liver metastases presumably developing through mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Inhibition of E-cadherin or ZEB1 expression by shRNA notably prevented the PDX-derived tumor organoids from colonizing the liver, when injected intrasplenically into mice, indicating E-cadherin and ZEB1 expressions to be required for their metastatic colonization. Taken together, these findings suggest that the epithelial/mesenchymal state mediates metastatic seeding of human CRC cell clusters into distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mizukoshi
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Okazawa
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Haeno
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Komiyama
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohtsuji
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kojima
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitoshi Goto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Stewart TA, Hughes K, Hume DA, Davis FM. Developmental Stage-Specific Distribution of Macrophages in Mouse Mammary Gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:250. [PMID: 31709255 PMCID: PMC6821639 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development begins in the embryo and continues throughout the reproductive life of female mammals. Tissue macrophages (Mϕs), dependent on signals from the Mϕ colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), have been shown to regulate the generation, regression and regeneration of this organ, which is central for mammalian offspring survival. However, the distribution of Mϕs in the pre- and post-natal mammary gland, as it undergoes distinct phases of development and regression, is unknown or has been inferred from immunostaining of thin tissue sections. Here, we used optical tissue clearing and 3-dimensional imaging of mammary tissue obtained from Csf1r-EGFP mice. Whilst tissue Mϕs were observed at all developmental phases, their abundance, morphology, localization and association with luminal and basal epithelial cells exhibited stage-specific differences. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism was observed at E14.5, when the male mammary bud is severed from the overlying epidermis. These findings provide new insights into the localization and possible functions of heterogeneous tissue Mϕ populations in mammogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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28
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Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Fan S. An emerging tumor invasion mechanism about the collective cell migration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 31632511 PMCID: PMC6789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the metastasis has been detected in the late stage of the cancer, which mostly leads to death. The classical opinion about tumor metastasis is that tumor cell migration begins with the single tumor cell and goes through a series of complicated procedures, and lastly arrives and survives at distant tissues and organs. However, emerging studies have found a new migration mechanism called collective cell migration in many cancers. The collective cell migration could move as clusters with the tight cell-cell junction in the tumor microenvironments, toward the traction established by the leader cells. In addition, the collective cell migration has been shown to have higher invasive capacity and higher resistance to the clinical treatments than the single tumor cell migration. Interestingly, the collective clusters of tumor cells have been detected in the early stage of the cancer patient, which has led to the understanding of the significance of early cancer screenings. Here, we reviewed the major principles and guidance of the collective cell migration mechanisms, and the specific manifestations in the different tumors such as breast cancer and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
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29
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Niño CA, Sala S, Polo S. When ubiquitin meets E-cadherin: Plasticity of the epithelial cellular barrier. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Qian M, Wang X, Shuai Q, Gao C, Lang R, Yang J. Construction of multicellular aggregate by E-cadherin coated microparticles enhancing the hepatic specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:382-394. [PMID: 30660779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising candidate for cell therapy of liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the efficiency of expansion and differentiation. Previously, we engineered multicellular aggregates incorporating human E-cadherin fusion protein (hE-cad-Fc)-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs), and a significant improvement was obtained in both cellular proliferation of and cytokine secretion by hMSCs. In this study, hepatic differentiation of hMSCs was induced by a biomimetic microenvironment consisting of these engineered aggregates and a cocktail of specific cytokines. The ratio of hE-cad-PLGAs to hMSCs in engineered hMSCs aggregates was optimized to 1:3 for hepatic differentiation. The expressions of hepatic-specific markers were significantly promoted, and cell polarity and activated drug metabolism enzymes were established in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates compared with MSC and MSC/PLGA aggregates. Moreover, the expressions of stemness and definitive endoderm markers confirmed effectively induced endoderm differentiation in MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates, which was consistent with the pattern of embryonic development. After pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, the biomimetic microenvironment constructed by hE-cad-PLGAs in engineered multicellular aggregates was able to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. It would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases. By optimizing with other cytokine cocktail, the engineered multicellular aggregates can be applied to the construction of other endoderm-derived organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells in vitroprovides a promising for cell therapy for liver diseases, and cell aggregates have been proposed to improve the expansion and differentiation efficiency. Here, engineered multicellular aggregates were constructed by E-cadherin modified microparticles (hE-cad-PLGAs) construct a biomimetic microenvironment to promote the process of endoderm differentiation and the subsequent hepatic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, after pre-differentiation for 1 week, the MSC/hE-cad-PLGA aggregates continuously progressed the hepatic phenotype expression in healthy rat peritoneum. Therefore, engineered multicellular aggregates with hE-cad-PLGAs would be appropriate for applied research in hepatotoxic drug screening and cell-based treatment of liver diseases, and provide a promising method in the construction of other endoderm-derived organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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31
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Barriga EH, Mayor R. Adjustable viscoelasticity allows for efficient collective cell migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:55-68. [PMID: 29859995 PMCID: PMC6854469 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for a wide range of biological processes such as embryo morphogenesis, wound healing, regeneration, and also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In such contexts, cells are required to migrate as individual entities or as highly coordinated collectives, both of which requiring cells to respond to molecular and mechanical cues from their environment. However, whilst the function of chemical cues in cell migration is comparatively well understood, the role of tissue mechanics on cell migration is just starting to be studied. Recent studies suggest that the dynamic tuning of the viscoelasticity within a migratory cluster of cells, and the adequate elastic properties of its surrounding tissues, are essential to allow efficient collective cell migration in vivo. In this review we focus on the role of viscoelasticity in the control of collective cell migration in various cellular systems, mentioning briefly some aspects of single cell migration. We aim to provide details on how viscoelasticity of collectively migrating groups of cells and their surroundings is adjusted to ensure correct morphogenesis, wound healing, and metastasis. Finally, we attempt to show that environmental viscoelasticity triggers molecular changes within migrating clusters and that these new molecular setups modify clusters' viscoelasticity, ultimately allowing them to migrate across the challenging geometries of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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32
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Cdh4 Down-Regulation Impairs in Vivo Infiltration and Malignancy in Patients Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164028. [PMID: 31426573 PMCID: PMC6718984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high invasive phenotype of glioblastoma is one of the main causes of therapy inefficacy and tumor relapse. Cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin family are involved in cell migration and are known as master regulators of epithelial tumor invasiveness, but their role in glioblastoma is less understood. In particular, we recently demonstrated, in the syngeneic murine model, the occurrence of a previously undescribed cadherin switch between Cdh2 and Cdh4 during gliomagenesis, which is necessary for the acquisition of the highly infiltrative and tumorigenic phenotype of these cells. In the present study, we tested the role of Cdh4 in human gliomas. Our results on patient-derived glioma cells demonstrate a positive correlation between Cdh4 expression levels and the loss of cell-cell contact inhibition of proliferation controls that allows cells to proliferate over confluence. Moreover, the silencing of Cdh4 by artificial microRNAs induced a decrease in the infiltrative ability of human glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. More strikingly, Cdh4 silencing induced an impairment of the tumorigenic potential of these cells after orthotopic transplantation in immunodeficient mice. Overall, we conclude that in human glioblastoma, Cdh4 can also actively contribute in regulating cell invasiveness and malignancy.
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33
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Mishra AK, Mondo JA, Campanale JP, Montell DJ. Coordination of protrusion dynamics within and between collectively migrating border cells by myosin II. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2490-2502. [PMID: 31390285 PMCID: PMC6743363 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-02-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is emerging as a major driver of embryonic development, organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and tumor dissemination. In contrast to individually migrating cells, collectively migrating cells maintain cell–cell adhesions and coordinate direction-sensing as they move. While nonmuscle myosin II has been studied extensively in the context of cells migrating individually in vitro, its roles in cells migrating collectively in three-dimensional, native environments are not fully understood. Here we use genetics, Airyscan microscopy, live imaging, optogenetics, and Förster resonance energy transfer to probe the localization, dynamics, and functions of myosin II in migrating border cells of the Drosophila ovary. We find that myosin accumulates transiently at the base of protrusions, where it functions to retract them. E-cadherin and myosin colocalize at border cell-border cell contacts and cooperate to transmit directional information. A phosphomimetic form of myosin is sufficient to convert border cells to a round morphology and blebbing migration mode. Together these studies demonstrate that distinct and dynamic pools of myosin II regulate protrusion dynamics within and between collectively migrating cells and suggest a new model for the role of protrusions in collective direction sensing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinava K Mishra
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - James A Mondo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Joseph P Campanale
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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34
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Matsumura Y, Ito Y, Mezawa Y, Sulidan K, Daigo Y, Hiraga T, Mogushi K, Wali N, Suzuki H, Itoh T, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Shimizu S, Takano A, Terao Y, Saeki H, Ozawa M, Abe M, Takeda S, Okumura K, Habu S, Hino O, Takeda K, Hamada M, Orimo A. Stromal fibroblasts induce metastatic tumor cell clusters via epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900425. [PMID: 31331982 PMCID: PMC6653778 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that multicellular tumor clusters invade and seed metastasis. However, whether tumor-associated stroma induces epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in tumor cell clusters, to promote invasion and metastasis, remains unknown. We demonstrate herein that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) frequently present in tumor stroma drive the formation of tumor cell clusters composed of two distinct cancer cell populations, one in a highly epithelial (E-cadherinhiZEB1lo/neg: Ehi) state and another in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E-cadherinloZEB1hi: E/M) state. The Ehi cells highly express oncogenic cell-cell adhesion molecules, such as carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and CEACAM6 that associate with E-cadherin, resulting in increased tumor cell cluster formation and metastatic seeding. The E/M cells also retain associations with Ehi cells, which follow the E/M cells leading to collective invasion. CAF-produced stromal cell-derived factor 1 and transforming growth factor-β confer the Ehi and E/M states as well as invasive and metastatic traits via Src activation in apposed human breast tumor cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that invasive and metastatic tumor cell clusters are induced by CAFs via epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nadila Wali
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takumi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Terao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ozawa
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Atopy Research Center, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Research (CR)-UK Stromal-Tumor Interaction Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Gerashchenko TS, Novikov NM, Krakhmal NV, Zolotaryova SY, Zavyalova MV, Cherdyntseva NV, Denisov EV, Perelmuter VM. Markers of Cancer Cell Invasion: Are They Good Enough? J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1092. [PMID: 31344926 PMCID: PMC6723901 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion, or directed migration of tumor cells into adjacent tissues, is one of the hallmarks of cancer and the first step towards metastasis. Penetrating to adjacent tissues, tumor cells form the so-called invasive front/edge. The cellular plasticity afforded by different kinds of phenotypic transitions (epithelial-mesenchymal, collective-amoeboid, mesenchymal-amoeboid, and vice versa) significantly contributes to the diversity of cancer cell invasion patterns and mechanisms. Nevertheless, despite the advances in the understanding of invasion, it is problematic to identify tumor cells with the motile phenotype in cancer tissue specimens due to the absence of reliable and acceptable molecular markers. In this review, we summarize the current information about molecules such as extracellular matrix components, factors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proteases, cell adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton proteins involved in cell migration and invasion that could be used as invasive markers and discuss their advantages and limitations. Based on the reviewed data, we conclude that future studies focused on the identification of specific invasive markers should use new models one of which may be the intratumor morphological heterogeneity in breast cancer reflecting different patterns of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Nikita M Novikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Krakhmal
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sofia Y Zolotaryova
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina V Zavyalova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
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Chen BJ, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. What makes cells move: Requirements and obstacles for leader cells in collective invasion. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111481. [PMID: 31247191 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most recently, mounting evidence has shown that cancer cells can invade as a cohesive and multicellular group with coordinated movement, which is called collective invasion. In this cohesive cancer cell group, cancer cells at the front of collective invasion are defined as leader cell that are responsible for many aspects of collective invasion, including sensing the microenvironment, determining the invasion direction, modifying the path of invasion and transmitting information to other cells. To fulfill their dispensable roles, leader cells are required to embark on some specific phenotypes with unusual expression of some proteins and it's very important to investigate into these proteins as they may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Here, in this review we will summarize current knowledge on four emerging proteins highly expressed in leader cells including K14, ΔNp63α, Dll4 and cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB), with a focus on their important roles in collective invasion and special mechanisms by which they promote collective invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
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Jolly MK, Ware KE, Xu S, Gilja S, Shetler S, Yang Y, Wang X, Austin RG, Runyambo D, Hish AJ, Bartholf DeWitt S, George JT, Kreulen RT, Boss MK, Lazarides AL, Kerr DL, Gerber DG, Sivaraj D, Armstrong AJ, Dewhirst MW, Eward WC, Levine H, Somarelli JA. E-Cadherin Represses Anchorage-Independent Growth in Sarcomas through Both Signaling and Mechanical Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1391-1402. [PMID: 30862685 PMCID: PMC6548594 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDH1 (also known as E-cadherin), an epithelial-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule, plays multiple roles in maintaining adherens junctions, regulating migration and invasion, and mediating intracellular signaling. Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and correlates with poor prognosis in multiple carcinomas. Conversely, upregulation of E-cadherin is prognostic for improved survival in sarcomas. Yet, despite the prognostic benefit of E-cadherin expression in sarcoma, the mechanistic significance of E-cadherin in sarcomas remains poorly understood. Here, by combining mathematical models with wet-bench experiments, we identify the core regulatory networks mediated by E-cadherin in sarcomas, and decipher their functional consequences. Unlike carcinomas, E-cadherin overexpression in sarcomas does not induce a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). However, E-cadherin acts to reduce both anchorage-independent growth and spheroid formation of sarcoma cells. Ectopic E-cadherin expression acts to downregulate phosphorylated CREB1 (p-CREB) and the transcription factor, TBX2, to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TBX2 phenocopies the effect of E-cadherin on CREB levels and restores sensitivity to anchorage-independent growth in sarcoma cells. Beyond its signaling role, E-cadherin expression in sarcoma cells can also strengthen cell-cell adhesion and restricts spheroid growth through mechanical action. Together, our results demonstrate that E-cadherin inhibits sarcoma aggressiveness by preventing anchorage-independent growth. IMPLICATIONS: We highlight how E-cadherin can restrict aggressive behavior in sarcomas through both biochemical signaling and biomechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shivee Gilja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samantha Shetler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Garland Austin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniella Runyambo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander J Hish
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jason T George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - R Timothy Kreulen
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - David L Kerr
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew G Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Solid Tumor Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C Eward
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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E-cadherin loss in RMG-1 cells inhibits cell migration and its regulation by Rho GTPases. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100650. [PMID: 31193165 PMCID: PMC6520553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is an adherens junction protein that forms intercellular contacts in epithelial cells. Downregulation of E-cadherin is frequently observed in epithelial tumors and it is a hallmark of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, recent findings suggest that E-cadherin plays a more complex role in certain types of cancers. Previous studies investigating the role of E-cadherin mainly used gene-knockdown systems; therefore, we used the CRISPR/Cas9n system to develop E-cadherin-knockout (EcadKO) ovarian cancer RMG-1 cell to clarify the role of E-cadherin in RMG-1 cells. EcadKO RMG-1 cells demonstrated a complete loss of the adherens junctions and failed to form cell clusters. Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions were increased in EcadKO RMG-1 cells. Upregulation of integrin beta1 and downregulation of collagen 4 were confirmed. EcadKO RMG-1 cells showed decreased β-catenin levels and decreased expression of its transcriptional target cyclin D1. Surprisingly, a marked decrease in the migratory ability of EcadKO RMG-1 cells was observed and the cellular response to Rho GTPase inhibitors was diminished. Thus, we demonstrated that E-cadherin in RMG-1 cells is indispensable for β-catenin expression and β-catenin mediated transcription and Rho GTPase-regulated directionally persistent cell migration. E-cadherin loss diminished the formation of cell clusters in RMG-1 cells. E-cadherin loss depleted β-catenin expression in RMG-1 cells. E-cadherin loss markedly decreased cell migration and response to RhoGTPase inhibitors during cell migration in RMG-1 cells.
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Rosso M, Lapyckyj L, Besso MJ, Monge M, Reventós J, Canals F, Quevedo Cuenca JO, Matos ML, Vazquez-Levin MH. Characterization of the molecular changes associated with the overexpression of a novel epithelial cadherin splice variant mRNA in a breast cancer model using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches: identification of changes in cell metabolism and an increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase B. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:5. [PMID: 31086659 PMCID: PMC6507066 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Alterations in epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression and functions are associated to BC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We have previously reported a novel human E-cadherin splice variant (E-cadherin variant) mRNA. Stable transfectants in MCF-7 human BC cells (MCF7Ecadvar) depicted fibroblast-like cell morphology, E-cadherin wild-type downregulation, and other molecular changes characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, reduced cell-cell adhesion, and increased cell migration and invasion. In this study, a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) protein identification and bioinformatics analyses were done to characterize biological processes and canonical pathways affected by E-cadherin variant expression. Results By 2D-DIGE and MS analysis, 50 proteins were found differentially expressed (≥ Δ1.5) in MCF7Ecadvar compared to control cells. Validation of transcript expression was done in the ten most overexpressed and underexpressed proteins. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that 39 of the 50 proteins identified had been previously associated to BC. Moreover, metabolic processes were the most affected, and glycolysis the canonical pathway most altered. The lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) was the highest overexpressed protein, and transcript levels were higher in MCF7Ecadvar than in control cells. In agreement with these findings, MCF7Ecadvar conditioned media had lower glucose and higher lactate levels than control cells. MCF7Ecadvar cell treatment with 5 mM of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose led to decreased cell viability, and modulation of LDHB expression in MCF7Ecadvar cells with a specific small interfering RNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Finally, a positive association between expression levels of the E-cadherin variant and LDHB transcripts was demonstrated in 21 human breast tumor tissues, and breast tumor samples with higher Ki67 expression showed higher LDHB mRNA levels. Conclusions Results from this investigation contributed to further characterize molecular changes associated to the novel E-cadherin splice variant expression in BC cells. They also revealed an association between expression of the novel variant and changes related to BC progression and aggressiveness, in particular those associated to cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rosso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Lapyckyj
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Besso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Monge
- 2Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- 3Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- 2Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Oswaldo Quevedo Cuenca
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Matos
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Devlin JR, Verschuren EW. More than a Tumor Suppressor: E-Cadherin Loss Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:141-142. [PMID: 29688752 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0063ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Devlin
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland and.,2 Division of Cancer Research Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Parkville, Australia
| | - Emmy W Verschuren
- 1 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland and
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Yonekura S, Ohata M, Tsuchiya M, Tokita H, Mizusawa M, Tokutake Y. Peg1/Mest, an imprinted gene, is involved in mammary gland maturation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:1080-1087. [PMID: 30144363 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes, which are specific to mammals, play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, ontogeny, and other phenomena. Moreover, these genes are considered crucial in the research of mammalian evolution. In the current study, we investigated the association between the expression of paternally imprinted gene paternally expressed 1/mesoderm-specific transcript (Peg1/Mest) and the maturation of the mammary gland. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of Peg1/Mest gene expression at different stages of mouse mammary gland maturation revealed that its expression increased during gestation but decreased during lactation. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that Peg1/Mest was expressed in mammary epithelial cells. We measured expression levels of Peg1/Mest and E-cadherin during mammary alveoli formation using immunofluorescence staining a cell model for mammary alveoli formation in a 3D culture system. We found that the onset of E-cadherin expression roughly coincided with the peak of Peg1/Mest expression. Moreover, we discovered that the formation and proliferation of alveoli were suppressed in Peg1/Mest knockdown mammary epithelial cells. These results suggest that Peg1/Mest plays a certain role in mammary alveoli formation. To clarify the role of Peg1/Mest in the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells, we examined the lactogenic differentiation capability of Peg1/Mest-overexpressing HC11 cells. Application of a differentiation-inducing stimulus did not increase β-casein expression in Peg1/Mest-overexpressing HC11 cells. The current study for the first time reports the involvement of an imprinted gene in mammary gland maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yonekura
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tokita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Moeko Mizusawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yukako Tokutake
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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Harryman WL, Warfel NA, Nagle RB, Cress AE. The Tumor Microenvironments of Lethal Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:149-170. [PMID: 31900909 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Localized prostate cancer (confined to the gland) generally is considered curable, with nearly a 100% 5-year-survival rate. When the tumor escapes the prostate capsule, leading to metastasis, there is a poorer prognosis and higher mortality rate, with 5-year survival dropping to less than 30%. A major research question has been to understand the transition from indolent (low risk) disease to aggressive (high risk) disease. In this chapter, we provide details of the changing tumor microenvironments during prostate cancer invasion and their role in the progression and metastasis of lethal prostate cancer. Four microenvironments covered here include the muscle stroma, perineural invasion, hypoxia, and the role of microvesicles in altering the extracellular matrix environment. The adaptability of prostate cancer to these varied microenvironments and the cues for phenotypic changes are currently understudied areas. Model systems for understanding smooth muscle invasion both in vitro and in vivo are highlighted. Invasive human needle biopsy tissue and mouse xenograft tumors both contain smooth muscle invasion. In combination, the models can be used in an iterative process to validate molecular events for smooth muscle invasion in human tissue. Understanding the complex and interacting microenvironments in the prostate holds the key to early detection of high-risk disease and preventing tumor invasion through escape from the prostate capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noel A Warfel
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anne E Cress
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Wu S, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Wang S, Du H, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhu X. Human adipose‑derived mesenchymal stem cells promote breast cancer MCF7 cell epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by cross interacting with the TGF‑β/Smad and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:177-186. [PMID: 30483746 PMCID: PMC6297785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence and underlying mechanisms of human adipose-derived stem cells (Hu-ADSCs) on breast cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Understanding the association between Hu-ADSCs and cancer cells may provide targets for breast cancer treatment and reference for the clinical application of stem cells. Therefore, a Hu-ADSC and breast cancer MCF7 cell coculture system was established to investigate the paracrine effects of Hu-ADSCs on MCF7 cell migration and invasion, in addition to the potential mechanism of action by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Hu-ADSCs enhanced MCF7 cell migration and invasion by decreasing the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, and increasing the expression of interstitial marker N-cadherin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors in vitro. The EMT effect of cocultured MCF7 cells was inhibited with the addition of anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, accompanied by a significant decrease in phosphorylated (p)-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) and p-protein kinase B (AKT) expression. The data suggested that the paracrine effect of Hu-ADSCs in the tumor microenvironment promoted the EMT of MCF7 cells by cross interacting with the TGF-β/Smad and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wu
- Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Cord Blood Bank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xike Zhu
- Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Tong J, Mou S, Xiong L, Wang Z, Wang R, Weigand A, Yuan Q, Horch RE, Sun J, Yang J. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells formed acinar-like structure when stimulated with breast epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204077. [PMID: 30335754 PMCID: PMC6193614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotransfer has been applied in breast augmentation surgery for several years and the resident adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play an important role in enhancing fat graft survival. However, the interaction between ASCs and mammary epithelium is not fully understood. Many studies have shown that ASCs have a tumor-supportive effect in breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the effect of mammary epithelial cells on the human ASCs in 3D culture. ASCs were cultivated on matrigel in the conditioned medium (CM) prepared from a human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100). The ASCs formed KRT18-positive acini-like structures after stimulation with breast epithelial cells. The expression of epithelial genes (CDH1 and KRT18) was up-regulated while the expression of mesenchymal specific genes (CDH2 and VIM) was down-regulated as determined by qRT-PCR. The stemness marker (CD29) and angiogenic factors (CD31 and VEGF) were also down-regulated as examined by immunofluorescence. In addition, the CM obtained from HBL-100 enhanced the migration and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. These results demonstrate that ASCs have the ability to transform into epithelial-like cells when cultured with mammary epithelial cells. Given these observations, we infer that ASCs have a positive effect on lipotransfer, not only due to their ability to secrete growth factors, but also due to their direct participation in the formation of new breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen‐Nuernberg, FAU, Germany
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen‐Nuernberg, FAU, Germany
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (JS)
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (JY); (JS)
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45
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Jin H, Zhao Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Ma S. Hyperthermia enhances the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells to gemcitabine through ROS/JNK signaling. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6742-6748. [PMID: 30405817 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive type of cancer. Gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard chemotherapeutic treatment of advanced PC; however, it requires improvement, and more effective therapeutic methods must be further explored. In the present study, hyperthermia combined with GEM was used on the PC cell line SW1990. The results revealed that mild hyperthermia (at 42°C) effectively increased the inhibitory effect of GEM on cell viability, as determined using an MTT assay, and increased the effect of GEM-induced apoptosis, as determined using an Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay, in PC SW1990 cells. Additionally, it resulted in increased S-phase arrest, downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma 2 and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptosis protein Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, as determined using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Furthermore, it was revealed that hyperthermia resulted in the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and substantial activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). The introduction of ROS and JNK inhibitors suppressed hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in GEM-treated cells, suggesting that hyperthermia increased GEM cytotoxicity in PC SW1990 cells by inducing apoptosis via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Olson HM, Nechiporuk AV. Using Zebrafish to Study Collective Cell Migration in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:83. [PMID: 30175096 PMCID: PMC6107837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration is necessary for proper embryonic development as well as maintenance of adult health. Cells can migrate individually or in groups in a process known as collective cell migration. Collectively migrating cohorts maintain cell-cell contacts, group polarization, and exhibit coordinated behavior. This mode of migration is important during numerous developmental processes including tracheal branching, blood vessel sprouting, neural crest cell migration and others. In the adult, collective cell migration is important for proper wound healing and is often misappropriated during cancer cell invasion. A variety of genetic model systems are used to examine and define the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind collective cell migration including border cell migration and tracheal branching in Drosophila melanogaster, neural crest cell migration in chick and Xenopus embryos, and posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) migration in zebrafish. The pLLP is a group of about 100 cells that begins migrating around 22 hours post-fertilization along the lateral aspect of the trunk of the developing embryo. During migration, clusters of cells are deposited from the trailing end of the pLLP; these ultimately differentiate into mechanosensory organs of the lateral line system. As zebrafish embryos are transparent during early development and the pLLP migrates close to the surface of the skin, this system can be easily visualized and manipulated in vivo. These advantages together with the amenity to advance genetic methods make the zebrafish pLLP one of the premier model systems for studying collective cell migration. This review will describe the cellular behaviors and signaling mechanisms of the pLLP and compare the pLLP to collective cell migration in other popular model systems. In addition, we will examine how this type of migration is hijacked by collectively invading cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Olson
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Lan X, Fu LJ, Hu ZY, Feng Q, Liu XQ, Zhang X, Chen XM, He JL, Wang YX, Ding YB. Methylated oligonucleotide (MON)-induced promoter hypermethylation is associated with repression of CDH1 expression and contributes to the migration and invasion of human trophoblast cell lines. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1509-1520. [PMID: 27439778 DOI: 10.1071/rd16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA cytosine-5 methylation plays a vital role in regulating the expression of E-cadherin, which is encoded by the CDH1 gene. In this study, we characterised the DNA methylation and expression pattern of CDH1 in an extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) and two trophoblast cell lines -- JEG-3 and JAR. Promoter hypermethylation with reduced E-cadherin expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells and promoter hypomethylation with increased E-cadherin expression in JEG-3 and JAR cells were observed. Demethylation treatment significantly restored E-cadherin expression, contributing to decreases in the motility and invasiveness of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Sense-methylated oligonucleotides (MONs) labelled with Cy5 and complementary to a region of the human CDH1 promoter were designed, with the cytosines in 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) dinucleotides being replaced by methylated cytosines. Following MON transfection into JEG-3 cells, the level of CDH1 promoter DNA methylation as well as cell motility and invasiveness were increased and gene expression was significantly repressed. Our results indicate that MON-mediated DNA methylation of the CDH1 promoter and subsequent alterations in gene expression may contribute to trophoblast motility and invasion, suggesting a potential method for controlling the biological function of trophoblasts in vitro through epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qian Feng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Lin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
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Niculiţe CM, Nechifor MT, Urs AO, Olariu L, Ceafalan LC, Leabu M. Keratinocyte Motility Is Affected by UVA Radiation-A Comparison between Normal and Dysplastic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1700. [PMID: 29880745 PMCID: PMC6032280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UVA radiation induces multiple and complex changes in the skin, affecting epidermal cell behavior. This study reports the effects of UVA exposure on normal (HaCaT) and dysplastic (DOK) keratinocytes. The adherence, spreading and proliferation were investigated by time-lapse measurement of cell layer impedance on different matrix proteins. Prior to UVA exposure, the time required for adherence and spreading did not differ significantly for HaCaT and DOK cells, while spreading areas were larger for HaCaT cells. Under UVA exposure, HaCaT and DOK cells behavior differed in terms of movement and proliferation. The cells' ability to cover the denuded surface and individual cell trajectories were recorded by time-lapse videomicroscopy, during wound healing experiments. Dysplastic keratinocytes showed more sensitivity to UVA, exhibiting transient deficiencies in directionality of movement and a delay in re-coating the denuded area. The actin cytoskeleton displayed a cortical organization immediately after irradiation, in both cell lines, similar to mock-irradiated cells. Post-irradiation, DOK cells displayed a better organization of stress fibers, persistent filopodia, and new, stronger focal contacts. In conclusion, after UVA exposure HaCaT and DOK cells showed a different behavior in terms of adherence, spreading, motility, proliferation, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, with the dyplastic keratinocytes being more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Niculiţe
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marina T Nechifor
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95, Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andreea O Urs
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Olariu
- SC Biotehnos SA, 3-5, Gorunului Street, 075100 Otopeni, Romania.
| | - Laura C Ceafalan
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mircea Leabu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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49
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Borcherding N, Cole K, Kluz P, Jorgensen M, Kolb R, Bellizzi A, Zhang W. Re-Evaluating E-Cadherin and β-Catenin: A Pan-Cancer Proteomic Approach with an Emphasis on Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1910-1920. [PMID: 29879416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is conventionally considered to be a good prognostic marker in cancer. The loss of E-cadherin is one of the key hallmarks of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a biological process that promotes cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. Recent evidence has cast doubt on the importance of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in metastasis. The availability of protein-level data in the Cancer Genome Atlas allows for the quantitative analysis of protein and prognosis. The prognostic values of E-cadherin and β-catenin were revisited across 19 cancer types, and high E-cadherin was found to correlate with good prognosis in most cancers. Conversely, higher E-cadherin and β-catenin correlated with shorter survival in invasive breast carcinoma. Stratifying breast cancers by histologic subtype revealed that the poor prognosis of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins was characteristic of infiltrating ductal, but not lobular, carcinomas. To further corroborate the protein findings and examine cellular localization, immunohistochemistry was used for E-cadherin and β-catenin in 163 breast patient samples from the Iowa cohort. Most previous studies showing that reduced or absent E-cadherin and β-catenin was inversely associated with tumor stages in ductal carcinomas were confirmed. Taken together, these results lead us to question the prognostic values of E-cadherin and β-catenin in ductal carcinomas and indicate a complicated role of E-cadherin and β-catenin in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kimberly Cole
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Paige Kluz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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50
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Kündig P, Giesen C, Jackson H, Bodenmiller B, Papassotirolopus B, Freiberger SN, Aquino C, Opitz L, Varga Z. Limited utility of tissue micro-arrays in detecting intra-tumoral heterogeneity in stem cell characteristics and tumor progression markers in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:118. [PMID: 29739401 PMCID: PMC5941467 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-tumoral heterogeneity has been recently addressed in different types of cancer, including breast cancer. A concept describing the origin of intra-tumoral heterogeneity is the cancer stem-cell hypothesis, proposing the existence of cancer stem cells that can self-renew limitlessly and therefore lead to tumor progression. Clonal evolution in accumulated single cell genomic alterations is a further possible explanation in carcinogenesis. In this study, we addressed the question whether intra-tumoral heterogeneity can be reliably detected in tissue-micro-arrays in breast cancer by comparing expression levels of conventional predictive/prognostic tumor markers, tumor progression markers and stem cell markers between central and peripheral tumor areas. Methods We analyzed immunohistochemical expression and/or gene amplification status of conventional prognostic tumor markers (ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6), tumor progression markers (PTEN, PIK3CA, p53, Ki-67) and stem cell markers (mTOR, SOX2, SOX9, SOX10, SLUG, CD44, CD24, TWIST) in 372 tissue-micro-array samples from 72 breast cancer patients. Expression levels were compared between central and peripheral tumor tissue areas and were correlated to histopathological grading. 15 selected cases additionally underwent RNA sequencing for transcriptome analysis. Results No significant difference in any of the analyzed between central and peripheral tumor areas was seen with any of the analyzed methods/or results that showed difference. Except mTOR, PIK3CA and SOX9 (nuclear) protein expression, all markers correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with histopathological grading both in central and peripheral areas. Conclusion Our results suggest that intra-tumoral heterogeneity of stem-cell and tumor-progression markers cannot be reliably addressed in tissue-micro-array samples in breast cancer. However, most markers correlated strongly with histopathological grading confirming prognostic information as expression profiles were independent on the site of the biopsy was taken. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1495-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Kündig
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Giesen
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hartland Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Nicole Freiberger
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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