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Kupke T, Götz RM, Richter FM, Beck R, Lolicato F, Nickel W, Hopf C, Brügger B. In vivo characterization of the bacterial intramembrane-cleaving protease RseP using the heme binding tag-based assay iCliPSpy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:287. [PMID: 36934128 PMCID: PMC10024687 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) describes the protease-dependent cleavage of transmembrane proteins within the hydrophobic core of cellular membranes. Intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CliPs) that catalyze these reactions are found in all kingdoms of life and are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including signaling and protein homeostasis. I-CLiPs are multispanning membrane proteins and represent challenging targets in structural and enzyme biology. Here we introduce iCLiPSpy, a simple assay to study I-CLiPs in vivo. To allow easy detection of enzyme activity, we developed a heme-binding reporter based on TNFα that changes color after I-CLiP-mediated proteolysis. Co-expression of the protease and reporter in Escherichia coli (E. coli) results in white or green colonies, depending on the activity of the protease. As a proof of concept, we use this assay to study the bacterial intramembrane-cleaving zinc metalloprotease RseP in vivo. iCLiPSpy expands the methodological repertoire for identifying residues important for substrate binding or activity of I-CLiPs and can in principle be adapted to a screening assay for the identification of inhibitors or activators of I-CLiPs, which is of great interest for proteases being explored as biomedical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kupke
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rabea M Götz
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian M Richter
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Beck
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Imaizumi Y, Takanuki K, Miyake T, Takemoto M, Hirata K, Hirose M, Oi R, Kobayashi T, Miyoshi K, Aruga R, Yokoyama T, Katagiri S, Matsuura H, Iwasaki K, Kato T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Tajiri M, Akashi S, Nureki O, Hizukuri Y, Akiyama Y, Nogi T. Mechanistic insights into intramembrane proteolysis by E. coli site-2 protease homolog RseP. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9011. [PMID: 36001659 PMCID: PMC9401612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Site-2 proteases are a conserved family of intramembrane proteases that cleave transmembrane substrates to regulate signal transduction and maintain proteostasis. Here, we elucidated crystal structures of inhibitor-bound forms of bacterial site-2 proteases including Escherichia coli RseP. Structure-based chemical modification and cross-linking experiments indicated that the RseP domains surrounding the active center undergo conformational changes to expose the substrate-binding site, suggesting that RseP has a gating mechanism to regulate substrate entry. Furthermore, mutational analysis suggests that a conserved electrostatic linkage between the transmembrane and peripheral membrane-associated domains mediates the conformational changes. In vivo cleavage assays also support that the substrate transmembrane helix is unwound by strand addition to the intramembrane β sheet of RseP and is clamped by a conserved asparagine residue at the active center for efficient cleavage. This mechanism underlying the substrate binding, i.e., unwinding and clamping, appears common across distinct families of intramembrane proteases that cleave transmembrane segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takanuki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyake
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takemoto
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirata
- Life Science Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rika Oi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rie Aruga
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yokoyama
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shizuka Katagiri
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuura
- Life Science Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michiko Tajiri
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Akashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Hizukuri
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Terukazu Nogi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Briggs NS, Bruce KE, Naskar S, Winkler ME, Roper DI. The Pneumococcal Divisome: Dynamic Control of Streptococcus pneumoniae Cell Division. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737396. [PMID: 34737730 PMCID: PMC8563077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is performed and regulated by a protein complex consisting of at least 14 different protein elements; known as the divisome. Recent findings have advanced our understanding of the molecular events surrounding this process and have provided new understanding of the mechanisms that occur during the division of pneumococcus. This review will provide an overview of the key protein complexes and how they are involved in cell division. We will discuss the interaction of proteins in the divisome complex that underpin the control mechanisms for cell division and cell wall synthesis and remodelling that are required in S. pneumoniae, including the involvement of virulence factors and capsular polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Briggs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin E. Bruce
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Souvik Naskar
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm E. Winkler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - David I. Roper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Tamura-Sakaguchi R, Aruga R, Hirose M, Ekimoto T, Miyake T, Hizukuri Y, Oi R, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Akiyama Y, Ikeguchi M, Iwasaki K, Nogi T. Moving toward generalizable NZ-1 labeling for 3D structure determination with optimized epitope-tag insertion. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:645-662. [PMID: 33950020 PMCID: PMC8098476 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321002527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody labeling has been conducted extensively for structure determination using both X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy (EM). However, establishing target-specific antibodies is a prerequisite for applying antibody-assisted structural analysis. To expand the applicability of this strategy, an alternative method has been developed to prepare an antibody complex by inserting an exogenous epitope into the target. It has already been demonstrated that the Fab of the NZ-1 monoclonal antibody can form a stable complex with a target containing a PA12 tag as an inserted epitope. Nevertheless, it was also found that complex formation through the inserted PA12 tag inevitably caused structural changes around the insertion site on the target. Here, an attempt was made to improve the tag-insertion method, and it was consequently discovered that an alternate tag (PA14) could replace various loops on the target without inducing large structural changes. Crystallographic analysis demonstrated that the inserted PA14 tag adopts a loop-like conformation with closed ends in the antigen-binding pocket of the NZ-1 Fab. Due to proximity of the termini in the bound conformation, the more optimal PA14 tag had only a minor impact on the target structure. In fact, the PA14 tag could also be inserted into a sterically hindered loop for labeling. Molecular-dynamics simulations also showed a rigid structure for the target regardless of PA14 insertion and complex formation with the NZ-1 Fab. Using this improved labeling technique, negative-stain EM was performed on a bacterial site-2 protease, which enabled an approximation of the domain arrangement based on the docking mode of the NZ-1 Fab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rie Aruga
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Toru Ekimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyake
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yohei Hizukuri
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Rika Oi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Japan
- RIKEN, Medical Life Sciences Innovation Hub Program, Japan
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Terukazu Nogi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Japan
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5
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Yokoyama T, Niinae T, Tsumagari K, Imami K, Ishihama Y, Hizukuri Y, Akiyama Y. The Escherichia coli S2P intramembrane protease RseP regulates ferric citrate uptake by cleaving the sigma factor regulator FecR. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100673. [PMID: 33865858 PMCID: PMC8144685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli RseP, a member of the site-2 protease family of intramembrane proteases, is involved in the activation of the σE extracytoplasmic stress response and elimination of signal peptides from the cytoplasmic membrane. However, whether RseP has additional cellular functions is unclear. In this study, we used mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis to search for new substrates that might reveal unknown physiological roles for RseP. Our data showed that the levels of several Fec system proteins encoded by the fecABCDE operon (fec operon) were significantly decreased in an RseP-deficient strain. The Fec system is responsible for the uptake of ferric citrate, and the transcription of the fec operon is controlled by FecI, an alternative sigma factor, and its regulator FecR, a single-pass transmembrane protein. Assays with a fec operon expression reporter demonstrated that the proteolytic activity of RseP is essential for the ferric citrate-dependent upregulation of the fec operon. Analysis using the FecR protein and FecR-derived model proteins showed that FecR undergoes sequential processing at the membrane and that RseP participates in the last step of this sequential processing to generate the N-terminal cytoplasmic fragment of FecR that participates in the transcription of the fec operon with FecI. A shortened FecR construct was not dependent on RseP for activation, confirming this cleavage step is the essential and sufficient role of RseP. Our study unveiled that E. coli RseP performs the intramembrane proteolysis of FecR, a novel physiological role that is essential for regulating iron uptake by the ferric citrate transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Yokoyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Niinae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsumagari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Hizukuri
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Miyake T, Hizukuri Y, Akiyama Y. Involvement of a Membrane-Bound Amphiphilic Helix in Substrate Discrimination and Binding by an Escherichia coli S2P Peptidase RseP. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:607381. [PMID: 33329500 PMCID: PMC7728848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases (IMPs) are a unique class of proteases that catalyze the proteolysis within the membrane and regulate diverse cellular processes in various organisms. RseP, an Escherichia coli site-2 protease (S2P) family IMP, is involved in the regulation of an extracytoplasmic stress response through the cleavage of membrane-spanning anti-stress-response transcription factor (anti-σE) protein RseA. Extracytoplasmic stresses trigger a sequential cleavage of RseA, in which first DegS cleaves off its periplasmic domain, and RseP catalyzes the second cleavage of RseA. The two tandem-arranged periplasmic PDZ (PDZ tandem) domains of RseP serve as a size-exclusion filter which prevents the access of an intact RseA into the active site of RseP IMP domain. However, RseP’s substrate recognition mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we found that a periplasmic region of RseP, located downstream of the PDZ tandem, contains a segment (named H1) predicted to form an amphiphilic helix. Bacterial S2P homologs with various numbers of PDZ domains have a similar amphiphilic helix in the corresponding region. We demonstrated that the H1 segment forms a partially membrane-embedded amphiphilic helix on the periplasmic surface of the membrane. Systematic and random mutagenesis analyses revealed that the H1 helix is important for the stability and proteolytic function of RseP and that mutations in the H1 segment can affect the PDZ-mediated substrate discrimination. Cross-linking experiments suggested that H1 directly interacts with the DegS-cleaved form of RseA. We propose that H1 acts as an adaptor required for proper arrangement of the PDZ tandem domain to perform its filter function and for substrate positioning for its efficient cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyake
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Hizukuri
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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