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Nishimura T, Araki H, Higuchi K, Noguchi S, Saito K, Hara K, Yagishita H, Akashi R, Obata S, Tomi M. Involvement of GAT2/Slc6a13 in hypotaurine uptake at fetal-facing plasma membrane of syncytiotrophoblasts at mid-to-late gestation in rats and mice. Placenta 2024; 147:59-67. [PMID: 38325050 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypotaurine, a precursor to taurine, is known for its antioxidant properties and is prominently present in fetal plasma and the placenta. Our previous research revealed that ezrin-knockout mice experience fetal growth retardation, coinciding with reduced hypotaurine levels in fetal plasma. This study aims to elucidate the expression and role of hypotaurine transporters within the placenta. METHODS We employed quantitative RT-PCR to measure mRNA expression of GAT transporter family members in the placenta during mid-to-late gestation. LC/MS/MS was used to analyze the distribution of hypotaurine in different placental subregions. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to examine the localization of GAT2 in mice. Placental hypotaurine uptake from fetal circulation was studied via umbilical perfusion in rats. RESULTS Among hypotaurine transporters, GAT2 exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression in murine placenta during mid-to-late gestation. Notably, GAT2/Slc6a13 mRNA and hypotaurine were most concentrated in the labyrinth of murine placenta. In contrast, enzymes responsible for hypotaurine synthesis, such as cysteine dioxygenase, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, and 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase, showed minimal expression in the labyrinth. These findings suggest that GAT2 is a key determinant of hypotaurine levels in the placental labyrinth. Immunohistochemical examination unveiled that GAT2 was predominantly localized on the fetal-facing plasma membrane within syncytiotrophoblasts, which co-localized with ezrin. In rat umbilical perfusion experiments, the GAT2/3 and TauT inhibitor, SNAP-5114, significantly reduced hypotaurine extraction from fetal circulation to the placenta. DISCUSSION The results suggest that GAT2 plays a pivotal role in the concentrative uptake of hypotaurine from fetal plasma within syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hikari Araki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kanako Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Haruya Yagishita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Risa Akashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Sakiko Obata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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Chen Y, Chang Y, Ma C, Luo L, Lu T, Yao J. Identification of bioactive compounds and inhibitory effects of TNF-α and COX-2 in the extract from cultured three-spot seahorse ( H. trimaculatus). Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1095-1104. [PMID: 38370070 PMCID: PMC10867490 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-spot seahorse (Hippocampus trimaculatus) has been consumed as traditional Chinese medicine in Asian society. This study was designed to analyze the bioactive compounds of the solvent extracts from cultured three-spot seahorse by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS). Subsequently, their biological activities were evaluated and confirmed by cell modes and Western blot analysis. Experimental results indicated that taurine and arginine were the primary bioactive compounds identified and quantified without pre- or post-column derivatization within 20 min retention time. The analytical method was established and validated with intraday/interday RSD from 0.25% to 3.34% and with recovery from 87.8% to 91.2%. As compared to other extracts, water layer extract (WLE) contained the most taurine and arginine contents of 6.807 and 0.437 mg/g (dry basis), respectively. In the meanwhile, WLE also showed anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced NO production and inhibited the protein expression of TNF-α and COX-2 by Western blot analysis with better cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung‐Husan Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products ResourcesXiamen Medical CollegeXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial University Marine Biomedical Resources Engineering Research centerXiamen Medical CollegeXiamenChina
| | - Yu‐Wei Chang
- Department of Food ScienceNational Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung CityTaiwan
| | - Chu‐Wen Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products ResourcesXiamen Medical CollegeXiamenChina
| | - Lian‐Zhong Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products ResourcesXiamen Medical CollegeXiamenChina
| | - Ting‐Jang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jeng‐Yuan Yao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products and Cell EngineeringXiamen Medical CollegeXiamenChina
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational MedicineFujian Province University, Xiamen Medical CollegeXiamenChina
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Gill BD, Wood JE. Rapid Analysis of Taurine in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:384-388. [PMID: 36303304 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine is recognized as an essential growth factor and as being critical in the maintenance of functional tissue regulation. OBJECTIVE A rapid compliance method for the analysis of taurine that is applicable to infant formula and milk-based nutritional products is described. METHOD Following protein precipitation with Carrez solutions, taurine in the sample extract is separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Stable isotope-labeled taurine internal standard is used for quantification to correct for losses in extraction and variations in ionization in the ion source. RESULTS The method was shown to be accurate, with acceptable recovery of 99.6% (range = 91.1-106.5%). Results for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-certified reference materials showed no statistical bias for NIST 1849a (P = 0.96) and NIST 1869 (P = 0.88) when compared with reference values. No bias was found when results were compared with those of an international reference method, AOAC Official MethodSM997.05 (P = 0.18). Repeatability was estimated to be 3.1% RSDr (range: 2.4-4.0%, HorRat: 0.3), and intermediate precision was estimated to be 4.9% RSDiR (range: 2.2-7.7%). CONCLUSIONS Successful single-laboratory validation demonstrates that this rapid method is suitable for use in high-throughput laboratories as part of routine product compliance release testing of taurine in nutritional products. HIGHLIGHTS A method for the analysis of taurine in infant formula and adult nutritionals by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is described. The method is suitable for use in high-throughput laboratories for routine product compliance testing of taurine. A single-laboratory validation study demonstrated the method to be accurate, precise, and fit for purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon D Gill
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Laboratory Operations, PO Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
| | - Jackie E Wood
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Laboratory Operations, PO Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
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Metabolites Profiling and In Vitro Biological Characterization of Different Fractions of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge from the Red Sea Egypt. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041643. [PMID: 36838631 PMCID: PMC9966995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Red Sea marine sponges are an important source of biologically active natural products. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the components of n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Cliona sp. marine sponge collected from the Red Sea, Egypt using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS (Ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis. The analysis revealed the tentative identification of 23, 16, and 24 compounds from the n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of Cliona sp., respectively. In addition, the examination of these fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of three sterols and one amino acid. The identification of the isolated compounds was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and MS (Mass spectrometry), and IR (Infrared) spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the total ethanolic extract and its sub-fractions were also evaluated. Interestingly, the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (HCT-116) and human larynx carcinoma (HEP-2) cell lines with IC50 (Half-maximal Inhibitory Concentration) 6.11 ± 0.2 and 12.6 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively. However, the dichloromethane fraction showed strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 75.53 ± 3.41 µg/mL. Notably, the total ethanolic extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) 62.5 ± 0.82 and 125 ± 0.62 µg/mL, respectively, compared to other fractions. In conclusion, this is the first report on the secondary metabolites content and biological activities of Cliona sp. from the Red Sea, Egypt. It also highlights the need for further research on the most active fractions against various cancer cell lines and resistant bacterial and fungal strains. Cliona sp. extract and its fractions could be a potential source of novel and safe natural drugs with a wide range of medicinal and pharmaceutical applications.
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Kvasnička F, Rajchl A. Electrophoretic determination of taurine. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462075. [PMID: 33848661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrophoretic method (on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis) with conductometric detection for the determination of free taurine in selected food and feed is described. Taurine is converted to isethionic acid by van Slyke method. Under optimized conditions (leading electrolyte: 5 mM HCl, 10 mM glycylglycine, and 0.05% 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose solution, pH 3.2; terminating electrolyte: 10 mM citric acid; background electrolyte: 50 mM acetic acid, 20 mM glycylglycine, and 0.1% 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose solution, pH 3.7), isethionic acid is separated from other sample components in anionic mode and detected using a conductimeter within 15 minutes. The performance method characteristics, such as linearity (25 - 1250 ng/mL), accuracy (99 ± 9%), repeatability (3.9%), reproducibility (4.3%), limits of detection (3 ng/mL) and quantification (10 ng/mL) were evaluated. By analysing 20 food and pet food samples the method was proved suitable for routine analysis. High sensitivity and selectivity, short analysis time and low costs are significant features of the presented method.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Kvasnička
- Department of Food Preservation, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Rajchl
- Department of Food Preservation, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Reçber T, Nemutlu E, Beksaç K, Aksoy S, Kır S. Optimization and validation of a HILIC-LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of targeted metabolites: Cross validation of untargeted metabolomic studies for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kong T, Ren X, Lin S, Li S, Gong Y. Elucidation of metabolic responses in mud crab Scylla paramamosain challenged to WSSV infection by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103799. [PMID: 32738334 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a severe pathogen of mud crab Scylla paramamosain (S. paramamosain). Hemolymph, containing three types of hemocytes, is the key immunoregulatory tool of mud crab in response to pathogens. Herein, the metabonomics and transcriptomics analysis of hemocytes were adopted to investigate the immune response of S. paramamosain challenged to WSSV. We established the metabolic and transcriptional profiles of mud crab hemocytes with different treatments, including the control group (WT), WSSV early infected group (WSSV-6 h) and WSSV later infected group (WSSV-72 h). The results showed that 68 metabolites were dysregulated both in WSSV-infected mud crab of early stage and later stage, while 4452 genes were up-regulated and 9746 genes were down-regulated in WSSV-6 h, and 2016 genes were up-regulated and 6229 genes were down-regulated compared in WSSV-72 h. We found that several pathways were dysregulated at both metabolic and transcriptional levels, including ABC transporters, purine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism in the WSSV early infected group, cysteine metabolism, methionine metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the WSSV later infected group. In this context, through the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics, our study provided a more comprehensive understanding of the biological process in mud crab against viral invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shanmeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE A mouse model of Alzheimer's disease demonstrates reduced beta-amyloid levels in the whole brain, associated with a gain of hippocampal memory, after drinking taurine-enriched water; this suggests that a taurine supplement could be a promising treatment for cognitive deficit. The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for quantifying taurine in the whole brain, taking advantage of the rapid development of non-invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). PROCEDURES Single-voxel proton MRS was used to obtain quantifiable taurine peaks at 3.25 and 3.43 ppm. Quantitative MRS results were obtained in C57BL/6 mice of various age groups: 4, 11, 18, and 27 months old. RESULTS Compared with the 4-month-old group, taurine levels dropped significantly only at 27 months of age (p = 0.03). However, a significant decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the brain was observed at both 18 and 27 months (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). In addition, MRS-measured taurine level is highly correlated with hippocampal volume (r = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that decreased taurine levels in the brain could be used as biomarkers for hippocampal changes and are fully translatable into putative cognitive loss in both animal models and human studies without the ex vivo approach.
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Goncharova EN, Statkus MA, Tsizin GI, Zolotov YA. Porous Graphitized Carbon for the Separation and Preconcentration of Hydrophilic Substances. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thiotaurine: From Chemical and Biological Properties to Role in H2S Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:755-771. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mehdinia A, Rostami S, Dadkhah S, Fumani NS. Simultaneous screening of homotaurine and taurine in marine macro-algae using liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Direct label-free measurement of the distribution of small molecular weight compound inside thick biological tissue using coherent Raman microspectroscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13868. [PMID: 26353981 PMCID: PMC4564726 DOI: 10.1038/srep13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Distributions of small molecular weight (less than 300 Da) compounds inside biological tissue have been obscure because of the lack of appropriate methods to measure them. Although fluorescence techniques are widely used to characterise the localisation of large biomolecules, they cannot be easily applied to the cases with small molecule compounds. We used CARS spectroscopy to detect and identify a label-free small molecule compound. To facilitate detection in aqueous environment, we utilised time-resolved and phase-sensitive techniques to reduce non-resonant background generated from water. We applied this technique to detect small molecular weight compound, taurine, inside mouse cornea tissue immersed in taurine solution as an initial model experiment. We detected a Raman peak of taurine near wavenumber 1033 cm−1 inside cornea and successfully characterised its depth profile in the tissue. Our CARS spectra measurement can be a promising method to measure and visualise the distribution of small bio-related compounds in biological background without using any labeling, paving the way for new cell biological analysis in various disciplines.
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Tevatia R, Allen J, Rudrappa D, White D, Clemente TE, Cerutti H, Demirel Y, Blum P. The taurine biosynthetic pathway of microalgae. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of taurine, glucuronolactone and glucuronic acid in energy drinks by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole). J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:303-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nishimura T, Higuchi K, Sai Y, Sugita Y, Yoshida Y, Tomi M, Wada M, Wakayama T, Tamura A, Tsukita S, Soga T, Nakashima E. Fetal growth retardation and lack of hypotaurine in ezrin knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105423. [PMID: 25144766 PMCID: PMC4140781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is a membrane-associated cytoplasmic protein that serves to link cell-membrane proteins with the actin-based cytoskeleton, and also plays a role in regulation of the functional activities of some transmembrane proteins. It is expressed in placental trophoblasts. We hypothesized that placental ezrin is involved in the supply of nutrients from mother to fetus, thereby influencing fetal growth. The aim of this study was firstly to clarify the effect of ezrin on fetal growth and secondly to determine whether knockout of ezrin is associated with decreased concentrations of serum and placental nutrients. Ezrin knockout mice (Ez−/−) were confirmed to exhibit fetal growth retardation. Metabolome analysis of fetal serum and placental extract of ezrin knockout mice by means of capillary electrophoresis–time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed a markedly decreased concentration of hypotaurine, a precursor of taurine. However, placental levels of cysteine and cysteine sulfinic acid (precursors of hypotaurine) and taurine were not affected. Lack of hypotaurine in Ez−/− mice was confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Administration of hypotaurine to heterogenous dams significantly decreased the placenta-to-maternal plasma ratio of hypotaurine in wild-type fetuses but only slightly decreased it in ezrin knockout fetuses, indicating that the uptake of hypotaurine from mother to placenta is saturable and that disruption of ezrin impairs the uptake of hypotaurine by placental trophoblasts. These results indicate that ezrin is required for uptake of hypotaurine from maternal serum by placental trophoblasts, and plays an important role in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimura
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugita
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshida
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Wada
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yan H, Qiao F, Tian M, Row KH. APPLICATION OF 2,4-DINITROFLUOROBENZENE PRE-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION TO QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF TAURINE AND ITS INTERMEDIATE IN BEVERAGES AND MILK SAMPLES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.644050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Yan
- a College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding , China
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Fengxia Qiao
- b Department of Biochemistry , Baoding University , Baoding , China
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Minglei Tian
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
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Jariwala FB, Wood RE, Nishshanka U, Attygalle AB. Formation of the bisulfite anion (HSO(3) (-) , m/z 81) upon collision-induced dissociation of anions derived from organic sulfonic acids. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:529-38. [PMID: 22689630 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the negative-ion collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of most organic sulfonates, the base peak is observed at m/z 80 for the sulfur trioxide radical anion (SO(3) (-·) ). In contrast, the product-ion spectra of a few sulfonates, such as cysteic acid, aminomethanesulfonate, and 2-phenylethanesulfonate, show the base peak at m/z 81 for the bisulfite anion (HSO(3) (-) ). An investigation with an extensive variety of sulfonates revealed that the presence of a hydrogen atom at the β-position relative to the sulfur atom is a prerequisite for the formation of the bisulfite anion. The formation of HSO(3) (-) is highly favored when the atom at the β-position is nitrogen, or the leaving neutral species is a highly conjugated molecule such as styrene or acrylic acid. Deuterium-exchange experiments with aminomethanesulfonate demonstrated that the hydrogen for HSO(3) (-) formation is transferred from the β-position. The presence of a peak at m/z 80 in the spectrum of 2-sulfoacetic acid, in contrast to a peak at m/z 81 in that of 3-sulfopropanoic acid, corroborated the proposed hydrogen transfer mechanism. For diacidic compounds, such as 4-sulfobutanoic acid and cysteic acid, the m/z 81 ion can be formed by an alternative mechanism, in which the negative charge of the carboxylate moiety attacks the α-carbon relative to the sulfur atom. Experiments conducted with deuterium-exchanged and deuterium-labeled analogs of sulfocarboxylic acids demonstrated that the formation of the bisulfite anion resulted either from a hydrogen transfer from the β-carbon, or from a direct attack by the carboxylate moiety on the α-carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freneil B Jariwala
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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Quantitative determination of taurine and related biomarkers in urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:763-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Pereira L. Porous Graphitic Carbon as a Stationary Phase in HPLC: Theory and Applications. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802126429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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West C, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Porous graphitic carbon: A versatile stationary phase for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3201-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Triebel S, Sproll C, Reusch H, Godelmann R, Lachenmeier DW. Rapid analysis of taurine in energy drinks using amino acid analyzer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as basis for toxicological evaluation. Amino Acids 2006; 33:451-7. [PMID: 17051421 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
So-called energy drinks with very high amounts of taurine (up to 4000 mg/l are usually granted by certificates of exemption) are increasingly offered on the market. To control the currently valid maximum limits of taurine in energy drinks, a simple and rapid analytical method is required to use it routinely in food monitoring. In this article, we describe a fast and efficient analytical method (FTIR-spectroscopy) that is able to reliably characterize and quantify taurine in energy drinks. The determination of taurine in energy drinks by FTIR was compared with amino acid analyzer (ion chromatography with ninhydrin-postcolumn derivatization). During analysis of 80 energy drinks, a median concentration of 3180 mg/l was found in alcohol-free products, 314 mg/l in energy drinks with spirits, 151 mg/l in beer-containing drinks and 305 mg/l in beverages with wine. Risk analysis of these products is difficult due to the lack of valid toxicological information about taurine and its interferences with other ingredients of energy drinks (for example caffeine and alcohol). So far, the high taurine concentrations of energy drinks in comparison to the rest of the diet are scientifically doubtful, as the advertised physiological effects and the value of supplemented taurine are unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Triebel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Aranda M, Morlock G. Simultaneous determination of riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide, caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by planar chromatography-multiple detection with confirmation by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1131:253-60. [PMID: 16875697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new high-throughput method was developed to detect simultaneously riboflavin (Vitamin B(2)), pyridoxine (Vitamin B(6)), nicotinamide (Vitamin B(3)), caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by multiple detection. Ten samples of energy drinks and six samples of beverages containing caffeine were prepared by degassing in an ultrasonic bath for 20 min. After chromatography, multi-wavelength scanning was performed by: (1) UV-absorbance measurement at 261 nm for nicotinamide and 275 nm for caffeine, (2) fluorescence measurement at 366/>400 and 313/>340 nm for riboflavin and pyridoxine, respectively, and (3) Vis-absorbance measurement at 525 nm for taurine, after post-chromatographic derivatization with ninhydrin reagent. Calibrations were linear or polynomial with determination coefficients r(2)>0.999. Overall recoveries of the five compounds were between 81 and 106% at three different concentration levels. Repeatabilities (RSD, %) of all substances in matrix were determined to be between 0.8 and 1.5%. Intermediate precisions (RSD, %) ranged between 3.6 and 7.4% for riboflavin, 2.8 and 6.3% for nicotinamide, 2.5 and 4.4% for caffeine, 2.1 and 2.9% for taurine and 0.5 and 4.0% for pyridoxine at different concentration levels. Mass confirmation was performed by a single quadrupole MS in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) scan mode for all substances except taurine (negative mode). This method offers a good alternative for routine analysis due to its simplicity and at the same time reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aranda
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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de Person M, Hazotte A, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Development and validation of a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for taurine and methionine in matrices rich in carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1081:174-81. [PMID: 16038207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (ionisation process by pneumatically assisted electrospray in negative ion mode), is developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of underivatised taurine and methionine in beverages rich in carbohydrates such as energy drinks. No initial clean-up procedure and no sample derivatisation are required. Satisfactory analysis was obtained on an Astec apHera NH2 (150 mm x 4.6 mm; 5 microm) column with methanol-water (60/40) as mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of specificity, detection limits, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability, using threonine as internal standard. The potential effects of matrix and endogenous amino acid content were also examined. The limits of detection in the beverage varied from 20 microg L(-1) for taurine to 50 micro L(-1) for methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine de Person
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analyvtique, CNRS FR 2708, UMR 6005, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, F 45067 Orléans, France
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Piraud M, Vianey-Saban C, Bourdin C, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Boyer S, Elfakir C, Bouchu D. A new reversed-phase liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for analysis of underivatised amino acids: evaluation for the diagnosis and the management of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:3287-97. [PMID: 16235234 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-six compounds of biological interest for the diagnosis of inherited disorders of amino acids (AA) metabolism have previously been demonstrated to be detectable in positive mode electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), after separation by ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The separation method used tridecafluoroheptanoic acid as ion-pairing agent, and a gradient of acetonitrile for the elution of the most retained compounds. This method had previously been demonstrated to be suitable for the qualitative diagnosis of many AA disorders, and for the quantitative measurement of 16 AA in biological fluids, using their stable isotope labelled (SIL) AA as internal standard. For quantification of the other AA, an internal standard was chosen among the available SIL-AA, as close as possible to the analyte to be measured, in terms of structural analogy, and of retention time in the chromatographic system. The performances of the quantitative analysis of the other AA to be measured are reported here. They show validated results for several AA, allowing their accurate quantification, with another SIL-AA as internal standard. For some other AA, quantitative results were not accurate, allowing only semi-quantitative or qualitative determination for these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piraud
- Service de Biochimie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, and Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, France.
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