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Sun Z, Yin Y, Liu B, Xue T, Zou Q. Amphibious Multifunctional Hydrogel Flexible Haptic Sensor with Self-Compensation Mechanism. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3232. [PMID: 38794086 PMCID: PMC11125873 DOI: 10.3390/s24103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogel-based wearable flexible electronic devices have attracted much attention. However, hydrogel-based sensors are affected by structural fatigue, material aging, and water absorption and swelling, making stability and accuracy a major challenge. In this study, we present a DN-SPEZ dual-network hydrogel prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), ethylene glycol (EG), and ZnSO4 and propose a self-calibration compensation strategy. The strategy utilizes a metal salt solution to adjust the carrier concentration of the hydrogel to mitigate the resistance drift phenomenon to improve the stability and accuracy of hydrogel sensors in amphibious scenarios, such as land and water. The ExpGrow model was used to characterize the trend of the ∆R/R0 dynamic response curves of the hydrogels in the stress tests, and the average deviation of the fitted curves ϵ¯ was calculated to quantify the stability differences of different groups. The results showed that the stability of the uncompensated group was much lower than that of the compensated group utilizing LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3 solutions (ϵ¯ in the uncompensated group in air was 276.158, 1.888, 2.971, 30.586, and 13.561 times higher than that of the compensated group in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3, respectively; ϵ¯ in the uncompensated group in seawater was 10.287 times, 1.008 times, 1.161 times, 4.986 times, 1.281 times, respectively, higher than that of the compensated group in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and AlCl3). In addition, for the ranking of the compensation effect of different compensation solutions, the concentration of the compensation solution and the ionic radius and charge of the cation were found to be important factors in determining the compensation effect. Detection of events in amphibious environments such as swallowing, robotic arm grasping, Morse code, and finger-wrist bending was also performed in this study. This work provides a viable method for stability and accuracy enhancement of dual-network hydrogel sensors with strain and pressure sensing capabilities and offers solutions for sensor applications in both airborne and underwater amphibious environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Yunjiang Yin
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Baoguo Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Tao Xue
- Center of Analysis and Testing Facilities, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Qiang Zou
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Internet of Things, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Sadri B, Gao W. Fibrous wearable and implantable bioelectronics. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:031303. [PMID: 37576610 PMCID: PMC10364553 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous wearable and implantable devices have emerged as a promising technology, offering a range of new solutions for minimally invasive monitoring of human health. Compared to traditional biomedical devices, fibers offer a possibility for a modular design compatible with large-scale manufacturing and a plethora of advantages including mechanical compliance, breathability, and biocompatibility. The new generation of fibrous biomedical devices can revolutionize easy-to-use and accessible health monitoring systems by serving as building blocks for most common wearables such as fabrics and clothes. Despite significant progress in the fabrication, materials, and application of fibrous biomedical devices, there is still a notable absence of a comprehensive and systematic review on the subject. This review paper provides an overview of recent advancements in the development of fibrous wearable and implantable electronics. We categorized these advancements into three main areas: manufacturing processes, platforms, and applications, outlining their respective merits and limitations. The paper concludes by discussing the outlook and challenges that lie ahead for fiber bioelectronics, providing a holistic view of its current stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sadri
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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3
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Magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization: A versatile support for ligand screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114286. [PMID: 34358814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibitors represent a substantial fraction of all small molecules currently in clinical use. Therefore, the early stage of drug-discovery process and development efforts are focused on the identification of new enzyme inhibitors through screening assays. The use of immobilized enzymes on solid supports to probe ligand-enzyme interactions have been employed with success not only to identify and characterize but also to isolate new ligands from complex mixtures. Between the available solid supports, magnetic particles have emerged as a promising support for enzyme immobilization due to the high superficial area, easy separation from the reaction medium and versatility. Particularly, the ligand fishing assay has been employed as a very useful tool to rapidly isolate bioactive compounds from complex mixtures, and hence the use of magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization has been widespread. Thus, this review provides a critical overview of the screening assays using immobilized enzymes on magnetic particles between 2006 and 2021.
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Mallawarachchi S, Gejji V, Sierra LS, Wang H, Fernando S. Electrical Field Reversibly Modulates Enzyme Kinetics of Hexokinase Entrapped in an Electro-Responsive Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5676-5686. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samavath Mallawarachchi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Varun Gejji
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Laura Soto Sierra
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sandun Fernando
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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High spatial resolution electrochemical biosensing using reflected light microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15196. [PMID: 31645591 PMCID: PMC6811617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If the analyte does not only change the electrochemical but also the optical properties of the electrode/solution interface, the spatial resolution of an electrochemical sensor can be substantially enhanced by combining the electrochemical sensor with optical microscopy. In order to demonstrate this, electrochemical biosensors for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose were developed by drop casting enzyme and redox polymer mixtures onto planar, optically transparent electrodes. These biosensors generate current signals proportional to the analyte concentration via a reaction sequence which ultimately changes the oxidation state of the redox polymer. Images of the interface of these biosensors were acquired using bright field reflected light microscopy (BFRLM). Analysis showed that the intensity of these images is higher when the redox polymer is oxidized than when it is reduced. It also revealed that the time needed for the redox polymer to change oxidation state can be assayed optically and is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. By combining the biosensor for hydrogen peroxide detection with BFRLM, it was possible to determine hydrogen peroxide in concentrations as low as 12.5 µM with a spatial resolution of 12 µm × 12 µm, without the need for the fabrication of microelectrodes of these dimensions.
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Liu DM, Chen J, Shi YP. Tyrosinase immobilization on aminated magnetic nanoparticles by physical adsorption combined with covalent crosslinking with improved catalytic activity, reusability and storage stability. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1006:90-98. [PMID: 30016268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the immobilization method of physical adsorption combined with covalent crosslinking was developed to avoid the shortcomings of both the noncovalent and covalent coupling methods. For the first time, tyrosinase (TYR) was immobilized on the surface of aminated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NH2) by the developed method. TYR was firstly adsorbed on the surface of Fe3O4-NH2 by electrostatic interaction, and then by covalent crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA), TYR was firmly immobilized on the supports. The immobilized TYR showed enhanced pH and temperature endurances at the optimum pH of 7.0 and temperature of 35 °C. TYR reusability was significantly improved after immobilization and it retained 61.4 ± 2.3% of its initial activity after 5 repeated cycles. Immobilized TYR also showed improved storage stability (73.2 ± 1.1% after 30 days of storage at 4 °C). In addition, the immobilized TYR showed a higher biological affinity to substrate owing to the stabilization of TYR in its active conformation by electrostatic interaction prior to covalent crosslinking. Finally, the immobilized TYR was used to screen of enzyme inhibitors from 11 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to validate whether this method can be used for enzyme inhibitor screening or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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BAI J, WANG X, MENG Y, ZHANG HM, QU L. Fabrication of Graphene Coated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Highly Sensitive Detection Application. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:903-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie BAI
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xiaojuan WANG
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Yuning MENG
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Hui-Min ZHANG
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Liangti QU
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
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Chen J, Tran TO, Ray MT, Brunski DB, Keay JC, Hickey D, Johnson MB, Glatzhofer DT, Schmidtke DW. Effect of surfactant type and redox polymer type on single-walled carbon nanotube modified electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10586-10595. [PMID: 23859497 DOI: 10.1021/la401158y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrodes modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) offer a number of attractive properties for developing novel electrochemical sensors. A common method to immobilize SWNTs onto the electrode surface is by placing a droplet of a SWNT suspension onto the electrode surface and allowing the solvent to evaporate. In order to maximize the properties of individual SWNTs, surfactants are normally present in these suspensions to provide stable and homogeneous SWNT dispersions. In this study we investigated the effect of different surfactants on the electrochemical and enzymatic performance of SWNT modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). Amperometic biosensors for glucose were fabricated by a two-step procedure. In the first step, SWNT films were deposited onto GCEs by solution casting suspensions of SWNTs in water, Triton X-100, Tween 20, sodium cholate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS). In the second step, hydrogels containing a redox polymer and the enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), were deposited and cross-linked onto the SWNT-modified GCE. Three different redox polymers were tested: 3-ferrocenylpropyl-modified LPEI, (Fc-C3-LPEI), 6-ferrocenylhexyl-modified LPEI, (Fc-C6-LPEI), and poly[(vinylpyridine)Os(bipyridyl)2Cl](2+/3+)(PVP-Os). Biosensors constructed with SWNT films from suspensions of Triton X-100 or Tween 20 generally produced the highest electrochemical and enzymatic responses, with Triton X-100 films producing current densities of ~1.7-2.1 mA/cm(2) for the three different redox polymers. In contrast, biosensors constructed with SWNT films from sodium cholate suspensions resulted in significant decreases in the electrochemical and enzymatic response and in some cases showed no enzymatic activity. The results with SWNT films from NaDDBS suspensions were dependent upon the specific redox polymer used, but in general gave reduced enzymatic responses (~0.05-0.4 mA/cm(2)). These results demonstrate the importance of surfactant type in fabricating SWNT-modified electrode films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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9
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A New Trend on Biosensor for Neurotransmitter Choline/Acetylcholine—an Overview. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1927-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Nouira W, Maaref A, Elaissari H, Vocanson F, Siadat M, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Comparative study of conductometric glucose biosensor based on gold and on magnetic nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Borgmann S, Schulte A, Neugebauer S, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Biosensors. ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527644117.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Cortez ML, González GA, Battaglini F. An Electroactive Versatile Matrix for the Construction of Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Wang J, Yuan R, Chai Y, Cao S, Guan S, Fu P, Min L. A novel immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles and poly-(2,6-pyridinediamine)/multiwall carbon nanotubes composite for immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Optimization of acetylcholinesterase immobilization on microelectrodes based on nitrophenyl diazonium for sensitive organophosphate insecticides detection. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been a useful tool for measuring rapid changes in neurotransmitters because of their small size, sensitivity, and good electrochemical properties. In this article, we highlight recent advances using CFMEs for measuring neurotransmitters in vivo. Dopamine has been a primary neurotransmitter of interest but direct electrochemical detection of other neurochemicals including nitric oxide and adenosine has also been investigated. Surface treatments have been studied to enhance electrode sensitivity, such as covalent modification or the addition of a layer of carbon nanotubes. Enzyme-modified microelectrodes that detect non-electroactive compounds further extend the usefulness of CFMEs beyond the traditional monoamines. CFMEs continue to be used in vivo to understand basic neurobiological mechanisms and the actions of pharmacological agents, including drugs of abuse. Advances in sensitivity and instrumentation now allow CFMEs to be used for measurements of natural dopamine release that occur during behavioral experiments. A new technique combining electrochemistry with electrophysiology at a single microelectrode facilitates a better understanding of neurotransmitter concentrations and their effects on cell firing. Future research in this field will likely concentrate on fabricating smaller electrodes and electrode arrays, as well as expanding the use of CFMEs in neuroscience beyond dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang J, Li G. Electrochemical Sensors for Clinic Analysis. SENSORS 2008; 8:2043-2081. [PMID: 27879810 PMCID: PMC3673406 DOI: 10.3390/s8042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Demanded by modern medical diagnosis, advances in microfabrication technology have led to the development of fast, sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for clinic analysis. This review addresses the principles behind electrochemical sensor design and fabrication, and introduces recent progress in the application of electrochemical sensors to analysis of clinical chemicals such as blood gases, electrolytes, metabolites, DNA and antibodies, including basic and applied research. Miniaturized commercial electrochemical biosensors will form the basis of inexpensive and easy to use devices for acquiring chemical information to bring sophisticated analytical capabilities to the non-specialist and general public alike in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Jianming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Advanced Process Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
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18
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Li N, Yuan R, Chai Y, Chen S, An H. Sensitive immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotrophin based on multi-walled carbon nanotube–chitosan matrix. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2008; 31:551-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-008-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Grieshaber D, MacKenzie R, Vörös J, Reimhult E. Electrochemical Biosensors - Sensor Principles and Architectures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:1400-1458. [PMID: 27879772 PMCID: PMC3663003 DOI: 10.3390/s80314000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of biological or biochemical processes are of utmost importance for medical, biological and biotechnological applications. However, converting the biological information to an easily processed electronic signal is challenging due to the complexity of connecting an electronic device directly to a biological environment. Electrochemical biosensors provide an attractive means to analyze the content of a biological sample due to the direct conversion of a biological event to an electronic signal. Over the past decades several sensing concepts and related devices have been developed. In this review, the most common traditional techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and various field-effect transistor based methods are presented along with selected promising novel approaches, such as nanowire or magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing. Additional measurement techniques, which have been shown useful in combination with electrochemical detection, are also summarized, such as the electrochemical versions of surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning probe microscopy. The signal transduction and the general performance of electrochemical sensors are often determined by the surface architectures that connect the sensing element to the biological sample at the nanometer scale. The most common surface modification techniques, the various electrochemical transduction mechanisms, and the choice of the recognition receptor molecules all influence the ultimate sensitivity of the sensor. New nanotechnology-based approaches, such as the use of engineered ion-channels in lipid bilayers, the encapsulation of enzymes into vesicles, polymersomes, or polyelectrolyte capsules provide additional possibilities for signal amplification. In particular, this review highlights the importance of the precise control over the delicate interplay between surface nano-architectures, surface functionalization and the chosen sensor transducer principle, as well as the usefulness of complementary characterization tools to interpret and to optimize the sensor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Grieshaber
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert MacKenzie
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Janos Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Designing sensitive and selective polymer/enzyme composite biosensors for brain monitoring in vivo. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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van der Zeyden M, Oldenziel WH, Rea K, Cremers TI, Westerink BH. Microdialysis of GABA and glutamate: analysis, interpretation and comparison with microsensors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 90:135-47. [PMID: 17939932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GABA and glutamate sampled from the brain by microdialysis do not always fulfill the classic criteria for exocytotic release. In this regard the origin (neuronal vs. astroglial, synaptic vs. extrasynaptic) of glutamate and GABA collected by microdialysis as well as in the ECF itself, is still a matter of debate. In this overview microdialysis of GABA and glutamate and the use of microsensors to detect extracellular glutamate are compared and discussed. During basal conditions glutamate in microdialysates is mainly derived from non-synaptic sources. Indeed recently several sources of astrocytic glutamate release have been described, including glutamate derived from gliotransmission. However during conditions of (chemical, electrical or behavioral) stimulation a significant part of glutamate might be derived from neurotransmission. Interestingly accumulating evidence suggests that glutamate determined by microsensors is more likely to reflect basal synaptic events. This would mean that microdialysis and microsensors are complementary methods to study extracellular glutamate. Regarding GABA we concluded that the chromatographic conditions for the separation of this transmitter from other amino acid-derivatives are extremely critical. Optimal conditions to detect GABA in microdialysis samples--at least in our laboratory--include a retention time of approximately 60 min and a careful control of the pH of the mobile phase. Under these conditions it appears that 50-70% of GABA in dialysates is derived from neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda van der Zeyden
- Department of Biomonitoring and Sensoring, University Centre for Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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O'Brien KB, Killoran SJ, O'Neill RD, Lowry JP. Development and characterization in vitro of a catalase-based biosensor for hydrogen peroxide monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2994-3000. [PMID: 17258901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) may act as a neuromodulator in the brain, as well as contributing to neurodegeneration in diseased states, such as Parkinson's disease. The ability to monitor changes in endogenous H(2)O(2)in vivo with high temporal resolution is essential in order to further elucidate the roles of H(2)O(2) in the central nervous system. Here, we describe the in vitro characterization of an implantable catalase-based H(2)O(2) biosensor. The biosensor comprises two amperometric electrodes, one with catalase immobilized on the surface and one without enzyme (blank). The analytical signal is then the difference between the two electrodes. The H(2)O(2) sensitivity of various designs was compared, and ranged from 0 to 56+/-4 mA cm(-2)M(-1). The most successful design incorporated a Nafion layer followed by a poly-o-phenylenediamine (PPD) polymer layer. Catalase was adsorbed onto the PPD layer and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The ability of the biosensors to exclude interference from ascorbic acid, and other interference species found in vivo, was also tested. A variety of the catalase-based biosensor designs described here show promise for in vivo monitoring of endogenous H(2)O(2) in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B O'Brien
- Sensors Development Unit, BioAnalytics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co, Kildare, Ireland
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Chen X, Yan X, Khor KA, Tay BK. Multilayer assembly of positively charged polyelectrolyte and negatively charged glucose oxidase on a 3D Nafion network for detecting glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:3256-60. [PMID: 17314038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel amperometric glucose biosensor was constructed by alternative self-assembly of positively charged poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and negatively charged glucose oxidase (GOx) onto a 3D Nafion network via electrostatic adsorption. The amount of Nafion in the electrode and the number of the (PDDA/GOx)(n) multilayers were optimized to develop a sensitive and selective glucose biosensor. Under optimal conditions, the glucose biosensor with (PDDA/GOx)(5) multilayers exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity, capable of detecting glucose with enhanced sensitivity of 9.55 microA/mM cm(2) and a commendably low detection limit of 20 microM (S/N=3). A linear response range of 0.05-7 mM (a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9984, n=20) was achieved. In addition, the glucose biosensor demonstrated superior selectivity towards glucose over some interferents, such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), at an optimized detection potential of 0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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25
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Zhuo Y, Yuan R, Chai Y, Sun A, Zhang Y, Yang J. A tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)cobalt(III)-bovine serum albumin composite membrane for biosensors. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5420-9. [PMID: 16843525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A concept based on a novel redox-biocompatible composite protein membrane fabrication, double enzyme membrane modification technique and antibody immobilization, was exploited to develop a highly sensitive amperometric enzyme immunosensor for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In this concept, a solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is coated on the gold electrode in such a way that the first enzyme membrane is achieved. Then tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) cobalt(III) (Co(bpy)(3)3+), as a mediator, was embedded in BSA-HRP composite membrane vis the electrostatic force and hydrophobe functions. Later a self-assembled conductive nano-Au monolayer was constructed onto the resultant electrode surface by electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged nano-Au and positively charged Co(bpy)3(3+). Protein A is used as a binding material to achieve an adjusted (but not random) orientation of the antibodies surface for efficient combination of antigens. Finally, the HRP, was employed to block the possible remaining active sites and avoid the non-specific adsorption, which acts not only as a blocking reagent instead of the commonly used BSA but also as the conventional enzyme-labeling to amplify the response of the antigen-antibody reaction. The immunosensor constructed with the double layer biocatalytic HRP membranes and the desirable Co(bpy)(3)3+/BSA redox-biocompatible composite membrane performed high sensitivity and a wide linear response to CEA in the range of 0.50-80.00 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.14 ng/mL, as well as good stability and long-term life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry (Chongqing), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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