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Bañuls MJ, González-Martínez MÁ, Sabek J, García-Rupérez J, Maquieira Á. Thiol-click photochemistry for surface functionalization applied to optical biosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1060:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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2
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Mross S, Pierrat S, Zimmermann T, Kraft M. Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:376-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lin R, Skandarajah A, Gerver RE, Neira HD, Fletcher DA, Herr AE. A lateral electrophoretic flow diagnostic assay. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1488-96. [PMID: 25608872 PMCID: PMC4383188 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunochromatographic assays are a cornerstone tool in disease screening. To complement existing lateral flow assays (based on wicking flow) we introduce a lateral flow format that employs directed electrophoretic transport. The format is termed a "lateral e-flow assay" and is designed to support multiplexed detection using immobilized reaction volumes of capture antigen. To fabricate the lateral e-flow device, we employ mask-based UV photopatterning to selectively immobilize unmodified capture antigen along the microchannel in a barcode-like pattern. The channel-filling polyacrylamide hydrogel incorporates a photoactive moiety (benzophenone) to immobilize capture antigen to the hydrogel without a priori antigen modification. We report a heterogeneous sandwich assay using low-power electrophoresis to drive biospecimen through the capture antigen barcode. Fluorescence barcode readout is collected via a low-resource appropriate imaging system (CellScope). We characterize lateral e-flow assay performance and demonstrate a serum assay for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In a pilot study, the lateral e-flow assay positively identifies HCV+ human sera in 60 min. The lateral e-flow assay provides a flexible format for conducting multiplexed immunoassays relevant to confirmatory diagnosis in near-patient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
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Kim M, Doh J. Complex micropatterning of proteins within microfluidic channels. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:782-5. [PMID: 25570075 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic channels containing protein micropatterned surfaces are useful in many bioanalytical and biological applications. In this study, we developed a new method to integrate microfluidics and protein micropatterning by attaching poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic channels to bio-friendly photoresist films via poly(dopamine) (PDA) adhesive. A bio-friendly photoresist poly(2,2-dimethoxy nitrobenzyl methacrylate-r-methyl methacrylate-r-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PDMP) was synthesized and used. By performing microscope projection photolithography (MPP) to the PDMP thin films within PDMS microchannels, complex micropatterns of proteins were successfully generated within microfluidic channels.
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Feidenhans'l NA, Lafleur JP, Jensen TG, Kutter JP. Surface functionalized thiol-ene waveguides for fluorescence biosensing in microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:282-8. [PMID: 23983194 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-ene polymers possess physical, optical, and chemical characteristics that make them ideal substrates for the fabrication of optofluidic devices. In this work, thiol-ene polymers are used to simultaneously create microfluidic channels and optical waveguides in one simple moulding step. The reactive functional groups present at the surface of the thiol-ene polymer are subsequently used for the rapid, one step, site-specific functionalization of the waveguide with biological recognition molecules. It was found that while the bulk properties and chemical surface properties of thiol-ene materials vary considerably with variations in stoichiometric composition, their optical properties remain mostly unchanged with an average refractive index value of 1.566 ± 0.008 for thiol-ene substrates encompassing a range from 150% excess ene to 90% excess thiol. Microfluidic chips featuring thiol-ene waveguides were fabricated from 40% excess thiol thiol-ene to ensure the presence of thiol functional groups at the surface of the waveguide. Biotin alkyne was photografted at specific locations using a photomask, directly at the interface between the microfluidic channel and the thiol-ene waveguide prior to conjugation with fluorescently labeled streptavidin. Fluorescence excitation was achieved by launching light through the thiol-ene waveguide, revealing bright fluorescent patterns along the channel/waveguide interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj A Feidenhans'l
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Yang P, Yang W. Surface Chemoselective Phototransformation of C–H Bonds on Organic Polymeric Materials and Related High-Tech Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5547-94. [PMID: 23614481 DOI: 10.1021/cr300246p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory
of Applied Surface
and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of
Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing
100029, China
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Didar TF, Foudeh AM, Tabrizian M. Patterning Multiplex Protein Microarrays in a Single Microfluidic Channel. Anal Chem 2011; 84:1012-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2025877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Fatanat Didar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amir M. Foudeh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Nakajima H, Okuma Y, Morioka K, Miyake M, Hemmi A, Tobita T, Yahiro M, Yokoyama D, Adachi C, Soh N, Nakano K, Xue S, Zeng H, Uchiyama K, Imato T. An integrated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system with an organic light-emitting diode and a charge-coupled device for fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2906-12. [PMID: 21898810 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence detection system for a microfluidic device using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as the excitation light source and a charge-coupled device (CCD) as the photo detector was developed. The OLED was fabricated on a glass plate by photolithography and a vacuum deposition technique. The OLED produced a green luminescence with a peak emission at 512 nm and a half bandwidth of 55 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency of the OLED was 7.2%. The emission intensity of the OLED at 10 mA/cm(2) was 13 μW (1.7 mW/cm(2)). The fluorescence detection system consisted of the OLED device, two band-pass filters, a five microchannel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device and a linear CCD. The fluorescence detection system was successfully used in a flow-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a PDMS microfluidic device for the rapid determination of immunoglobulin A (IgA), a marker for human stress. The detection limit (S/N=3) for IgA was 16.5 ng/mL, and the sensitivity was sufficient for evaluating stress. Compared with the conventional 96-well microtiter plate assay, the analysis time and the amounts of reagent and sample solutions could all be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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Demirkol DO, Dornbusch K, Feller KH, Timur S. Microfluidic devices and true-color sensor as platform for glucose oxidase and laccase assays. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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11
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Attavar S, Diwekar M, Blair S. Photoactivated capture molecule immobilization in plasmonic nanoapertures in the ultraviolet. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:841-844. [PMID: 21270999 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a photoactivated surface coupling scheme for achieving spatial overlap between biomolecules of interest and optical near field excitation. Using aluminium nanoapertures, we obtained increased coupling efficiency of biotinylated capture probe oligos to the photoactivated surface due to ~3× nanoaperture enhancement of UV light. We further validate DNA sensor functionality via the hybridization of Cy-5 labeled target oligos, with up to 8× fluorescence enhancement obtained from a commercial microarray scanner. This generic photoimmobilization strategy is an essential step to realizing miniaturized plasmon enhanced detection arrays by virtue of localizing capture molecules to the region of plasmonic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Attavar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, 50 South Central campus Drive, Room 3280, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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12
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Fiddes LK, Chan HKC, Lau B, Kumacheva E, Wheeler AR. Durable, region-specific protein patterning in microfluidic channels. Biomaterials 2010; 31:315-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nien PC, Huang MC, Chang FY, Ho KC. Integrating an Enzyme-Entrapped Conducting Polymer Electrode and a Prereactor in a Microfluidic System for Sensing Glucose. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Maeda E, Kataoka M, Hino M, Kajimoto K, Kaji N, Tokeshi M, Kido JI, Shinohara Y, Baba Y. Determination of human blood glucose levels using microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2927-33. [PMID: 17640093 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance monitoring system for human blood glucose levels was developed using microchip electrophoresis with a plastic chip. The combination of reductive amination as glucose labeling with fluorescent 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and glucose-borate complex formation realized the highly selective detection of glucose even in a complex matrix such as a blood sample. The migration time of a single peak, observed on an electropherogram of AMAC-labeled plasma, closely resembled that of glucose standard solution. The treatment of plasma with hexokinase or glucokinase for glucose phosphorylation resulted in a peak shift from approximately 145 to 70 s, corresponding to glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, respectively. A double-logarithm plot revealed a linear relationship between glucose concentration and fluorescence intensity in the range of 1-300 microM of glucose (r(2) = 0.9963; p <0.01), and the detection limit was 0.92 microM. Furthermore, blood glucose concentrations estimated from the standard curves of three subjects were compared with results obtained by conventional colorimetric analysis using glucose dehydrogenase. Good correlation was observed between methods according to simple linear regression analysis (p <0.05). The reproducibility of the assay was about 6.3-9.1% (RSD) and the within-days and between-days reproducibility were 1.6-8.4 and 5.2-7.2%, respectively. This system enables us to determine blood glucose with high sensitivity and accuracy, and will be applicable to clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Logan TC, Clark DS, Stachowiak TB, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Photopatterning Enzymes on Polymer Monoliths in Microfluidic Devices for Steady-State Kinetic Analysis and Spatially Separated Multi-Enzyme Reactions. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6592-8. [PMID: 17658765 DOI: 10.1021/ac070705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for photopatterning multiple enzymes on porous polymer monoliths within microfluidic devices has been developed and used to perform spatially separated multienzymatic reactions. To reduce nonspecific adsorption of enzymes on the monolith, its pore surface was modified by grafting poly(ethylene glycol), followed by surface photoactivation and enzyme immobilization in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. Characterization of bound horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was carried out using a reaction in which the steady-state profiles of the fluorescent reaction product could be measured in situ and then analyzed using a plug-flow bioreactor model to determine the observed maximum reaction rate and Michaelis constant. The Michaelis constant of 1.9 micro mol/L agrees with previously published values. Mass-transfer limitations were evident at relatively low flow rates but were absent at higher flow rates. Sequential multienzymatic reactions were demonstrated using the patternwise assembly of two- and three-enzyme systems. Glucose oxidase (GOX) and HRP were patterned in separate regions of a single channel, and product formation was analyzed as a function of flow direction. Significant product formation occurred only in the GOX to HRP direction. A three-enzyme sequential reaction was performed using invertase, GOX, and HRP. All possible arrangements of the three enzymes were tested, but significant product formation was only observed when the enzymes were in the correct sequential order. Photopatterning enzymes on polymer monoliths provides a simple technique for preparing spatially localized multiple-enzyme microreactors capable of directional synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Logan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Urban PL, Goodall DM, Bergström ET, Bruce NC. 1,4-Benzoquinone-based electrophoretic assay for glucose oxidase. Anal Biochem 2006; 359:35-9. [PMID: 17027609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The communication demonstrates feasibility of an enzyme microassay for glucose oxidase with 1,4-benzoquinone as an acceptor of electrons. The protocol uses the plug-plug mode of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis, with nanolitre injected volumes of enzyme and reactant solutions. The reactant and product, 1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone, are separated during the assay by differential binding to sulfated-beta-cyclodextrin used as additive to the phosphate buffer (pH 7) and monitored at selected wavelengths in their UV spectra. The assay covers glucose oxidase concentration from 0.01 to 0.1mgml(-1). Due to the strong UV absorbance of the both reactant and product, there is no need for use of a second enzyme (peroxidase) in the present assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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