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Zhang M, Shang R, Hong Z, Zhang H, Yu K, Kan G, Xiong H, Song D, Jiang Y, Jiang J. One-step online analysis of antibiotics in highly saline seawater by nano-based slug-flow microextraction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134039. [PMID: 38492401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The transition to mass spectrometry (MS) in the analysis of antibiotics in the marine environment is highly desirable, particularly in the enhancement of sensitivity for high-salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater samples. However, the persistence of complex operational procedures poses substantial challenges to this transition. In this study, a rapid method for the online analysis of antibiotics in seawater samples via nano-electrospray ionization (nESI) MS based on slug-flow microextraction (SFME) has been proposed. Comparisons with other methods, complex laboratory setups for sample processing are now seamlessly integrated into a single online step, completing the entire process, including desalination and detection, SFME-nESI-MS provides faster results in less than 2 min while maintaining sensitivity comparable to that of other detection methods. Using SFME-nESI, six antibiotics in high-salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater samples have been determined in both positive and negative ion modes. The proposed method successfully detected clarithromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfadimidine in seawater within a linear range of 1-1000 ng mL-1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23, 0.06, and 0.28 ng mL-1, respectively. The method recovery was from 92.8% to 107.3%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 7.5%. In addition, the response intensity of SFME-nESI-treated high-salinity (3.5 wt%) samples surpassed that of untreated medium-salinity (0.35 wt%) samples by two to five orders of magnitude. This advancement provides an exceptionally simplified protocol for the online rapid, highly sensitive, and quantitative determination of antibiotics in high-salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Ruonan Shang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Ziying Hong
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Huixia Xiong
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiaonan Guan Street 8, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
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2
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Bao M, Bai J, Wang Y, Zhu S, Liu Y, Wen T, Zhang J, Ma SC, Guo Y. Plasma-Excited Nebulizer Gas-Assisted Electrospray Ionization: Enhancing the Sensitivity of Pesticide in Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14842-14852. [PMID: 37779463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is widely used in the detection of pesticide residues. However, the detection sensitivity of low-polarity pesticides by commonly used electrospray ionization may be severely suppressed, which greatly affects the limit of detection and repeatability. Herein, a plasma-excited nebulizer gas-assisted electrospray ionization (PENG-ESI) device has been developed. By introducing the discharge plasma formed by Tesla coil into the electrospray nebulizer gas channel, the sensitivity of low-polarity pesticides was significantly increased while maintaining sensitivity to polar pesticides. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection for S-bioallethrin was achieved at the level of 100 pg/g with good linearity (R2 > 0.99) and precision (RSD ≤ 4.61%). The matrix effect of a series of spiked matrix samples is less than 13.1%. Finally, different pyrethroid pesticide residues were successfully analyzed without separation, highlighting that the technology has potential application prospects in food quality control, environmental monitoring, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Suzhen Zhu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Institute of Zhejiang University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianlun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Liu H, Patron A, Wang Y, Dasgupta PK. Exploiting adduct formation through an auxiliary spray in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to improve charge-carrier identification. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461601. [PMID: 33069953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and effective approach to probe adduct formation in liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and help designate and/or confirm which particular analyte is leading to which particular charged species that is detected. A compound tends to form similar adducts with adduct-forming analogs, at various abundance levels, of course. It is based on this understanding that in this work we probed adduct formation by modulating the adduct-forming analogs and observing the adducts formed with these analogs to lend experimental evidence to adduct annotation. The approach was implemented through an auxiliary spray and made possible thanks to the interaction between the plumes of the sample spray or main spray and the auxiliary spray. Changing adduct-forming analogs by switching the auxiliary spray solution, or simply turning on and off the auxiliary spray facilitated the observation of the adducts corresponding to these analogs or lack thereof, giving rise to a simple and effective approach to probe adduct formation and thus help annotate the analyte ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghui Liu
- Firmenich Inc. 4767 Nexus Centre Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Andrew Patron
- Firmenich Inc. 4767 Nexus Centre Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Cerno Bioscience, Las Vegas, NV 89144, United States
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4
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Hirayama A, Tabata S, Kudo R, Hasebe M, Suzuki K, Tomita M, Soga T. The use of a double coaxial electrospray ionization sprayer improves the peak resolutions of anionic metabolites in capillary ion chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460914. [PMID: 32008820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used for the determination of anionic metabolites. However, connection with a mass spectrometer in this method is not straightforward because backpressure produced by the addition of a make-up solution often affects the peak resolutions of the target metabolites. To overcome this problem, we developed a capillary ion chromatography-mass spectrometry method utilizing a double coaxial electrospray ionization sprayer. This method was not affected by backpressure and the number of theoretical plates was about three times that of a conventional sprayer. Under optimized conditions, 44 anionic metabolites, including organic acids, sugar phosphates, nucleotides, and cofactors, were successfully separated and selectively detected with a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. The calibration curves of the tested metabolites showed excellent linearity within the range of 1-100,000 nmol/L and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.991. The detection limits for these metabolites were between 1 and 500 nmol/L (0.4 and 200 fmol). The developed method was applied to the quantitation of anionic metabolites in cultured cancer cell samples with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation. This allowed for the successful determination of 105 metabolites. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates changed significantly after TNF-α stimulation. These results demonstrate that the developed method is a promising new tool for comprehensive analysis of anionic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei Kudo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Masako Hasebe
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
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5
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Wang J, Han X. Analytical challenges of shotgun lipidomics at different resolution of measurements. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 121:115697. [PMID: 32713986 PMCID: PMC7382544 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The essence of shotgun lipidomics is to maintain consistency of the chemical environment of lipid samples during mass spectrometry acquisition. This strategy is suitable for large-scale quantitative analysis. This strategy also allows sufficient time to collect data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The initial approach of shotgun lipidomics was the electrospray ionization (ESI)-based direct infusion mass spectrometry strategy. With development of mass spectrometry for small molecules, shotgun lipidomics methods have been extended to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and ambient mass spectrometry, including MS imaging methods. Furthermore, the object of analysis has extended from organ and body fluid levels to tissue and cell levels with technological developments. In this article, we summarize the status and technical challenges of shotgun lipidomics at different resolution of measurements from the mass spectrometry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Department of Medicine – Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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6
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Huang Z, Yao YN, Li W, Hu B. Analytical properties of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with solid substrates and nonpolar solvents. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1050:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Xia B, Gao Y, Ji B, Ma F, Ding L, Zhou Y. Analysis of Compounds Dissolved in Nonpolar Solvents by Electrospray Ionization on Conductive Nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:573-580. [PMID: 29372550 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique has limitations in analysis of compounds that are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. In this study, ambient ionization of compounds in solvents that are not "friendly" to electrospray ionization, such as n-hexane, is achieved by conductive nanomaterials spray ionization (CNMSI) on nanomaterial emitters, including carbon nanotubes paper and mesodendritic silver covered metal, which applies high voltages to emitters made of these materials without the assistance of polar solvents. Although the time intensity curves (TIC) commonly vary from 4.5% to 23.7% over analyses, protonated molecular ions were found to be the most abundant species, demonstrating good reproducibility of the technique in terms of ionized species. Higher mass spectrometric responses are observed in analyzing nonpolar systems than polar systems. 2-Methoxyacetophenone, 4-methylacetophenone, benzothiazole, quinolone, and cycloheptanone as low as 2 pg in n-hexane can be directly detected using the developed method. The developed technique expands the analysis capability of ESI-MS for direct, online analysis of nonpolar systems, such as low polarity extracts, normal phase liquid chromatography eluates, and synthetic mixtures. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang Q, Su Y, Liu X, Guo Y. Rapid characterization of nonpolar or low-polarity solvent extracts from herbal medicines by solvent-assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:221-229. [PMID: 29178526 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The direct detection of nonpolar and low-polarity solvent extracts of herbal medicine is difficult by conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This problem can be solved by solvent-assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SAESI-MS). With the help of assisted solvents (ESI-friendly solvents) at the tip of the spray needle, compounds (especially the low-polarity compounds) in nonpolar and low-polarity solvent extracts can be ionized directly. METHODS Herbal medicines were ultrasonically extracted with nonpolar or low-polarity solvents, such as petroleum ether. Thereafter, the extracts were analyzed by conventional ESI-MS, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) and SAESI-MS. The mass spectra obtained from these three methods were compared and analyzed. RESULTS Unstable ion signals, and even no ion signals, were observed when the nonpolar and low-polarity solvent extracts were detected directly by conventional ESI-MS. Better specificity, higher sensitivity or cleaner spectra were acquired from SAESI-MS by comparing with the performance of conventional ESI-MS. The ion signals generated by SAESI-MS and APCI-MS were observed in clearly different m/z ranges. A variety of potential compounds were detected in the petroleum ether extracts of Pogostemon cablin and Ligusticum chuanxiong. The relative abundances and signal intensities of the same ion signals from the stems, leaves and decoction pieces of Pogostemon cablin were significantly different by SAESI-MS. CONCLUSIONS As a convenient and efficient method, SAESI-MS can be used to directly detect compounds (especially the low-polarity compounds) in nonpolar or low-polarity solvent extracts of herbal medicines, providing abundant chemical information for pharmacological studies. SAESI-MS allows the simultaneous qualitative analysis of multiple compounds in the same complex samples and is thus particularly suitable for the preliminary screening of compounds in complex samples. SAESI-MS can be used to differentiate the different parts of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Su
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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9
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Wu MX, Wang HY, Zhang JT, Guo YL. Multifunctional Carbon Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9547-9553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Ting Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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10
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Zheng Q, Chen H. Development and Applications of Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:411-448. [PMID: 27145689 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a recent advance in the field of analytical chemistry. This review surveys the development of liquid sample DESI-MS (LS-DESI-MS), a variant form of DESI-MS that focuses on fast analysis of liquid samples, and its novel analy-tical applications in bioanalysis, proteomics, and reaction kinetics. Due to the capability of directly ionizing liquid samples, liquid sample DESI (LS-DESI) has been successfully used to couple MS with various analytical techniques, such as microfluidics, microextraction, electrochemistry, and chromatography. This review also covers these hyphenated techniques. In addition, several closely related ionization methods, including transmission mode DESI, thermally assisted DESI, and continuous flow-extractive DESI, are briefly discussed. The capabilities of LS-DESI extend and/or complement the utilities of traditional DESI and electrospray ionization and will find extensive and valuable analytical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
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11
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Hecht ES, Oberg AL, Muddiman DC. Optimizing Mass Spectrometry Analyses: A Tailored Review on the Utility of Design of Experiments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:767-85. [PMID: 26951559 PMCID: PMC4841694 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a tool that can analyze nearly all classes of molecules, with its scope rapidly expanding in the areas of post-translational modifications, MS instrumentation, and many others. Yet integration of novel analyte preparatory and purification methods with existing or novel mass spectrometers can introduce new challenges for MS sensitivity. The mechanisms that govern detection by MS are particularly complex and interdependent, including ionization efficiency, ion suppression, and transmission. Performance of both off-line and MS methods can be optimized separately or, when appropriate, simultaneously through statistical designs, broadly referred to as "design of experiments" (DOE). The following review provides a tutorial-like guide into the selection of DOE for MS experiments, the practices for modeling and optimization of response variables, and the available software tools that support DOE implementation in any laboratory. This review comes 3 years after the latest DOE review (Hibbert DB, 2012), which provided a comprehensive overview on the types of designs available and their statistical construction. Since that time, new classes of DOE, such as the definitive screening design, have emerged and new calls have been made for mass spectrometrists to adopt the practice. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible designs, we have highlighted the three most practical DOE classes available to mass spectrometrists. This review further differentiates itself by providing expert recommendations for experimental setup and defining DOE entirely in the context of three case-studies that highlight the utility of different designs to achieve different goals. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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12
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Enhancement of ionization efficiency of mass spectrometric analysis from non-electrospray ionization friendly solvents with conventional and novel ionization techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 897:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Elmongy H, Ahmed H, Wahbi AA, Koyi H, Abdel-Rehim M. Online post-column solvent assisted and direct solvent-assisted electrospray ionization for chiral analysis of propranolol enantiomers in plasma samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:110-118. [PMID: 26422307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An Online post-column solvent-assisted ionization (OPSAI) method was developed for enhancing the ionization of the beta-blocker propranolol utilizing normal phase LC-MS/MS. Solvent-assisted electrospray ionization (SAESI) was studied by the introduction of the assistant solvents A: 0.5% Formic acid in Isopropanolol, B: 0.5% Formic acid in Isopropanolol-Water (1:1), and C: 0.5% Formic acid in water into the electrospray ionization chamber using a spray needle. Analyte molecules can be directly ionized by the aid of the assistant solvent spray. Both methods were applied to the chiral separation of propranolol enantiomers using normal phase analysis on cellulose-based chiral column. Interestingly, both methods are easy to handle and offer a wide range of assistant solvents that can be used in order to gain the optimum ionization of the analyte molecules. The both methods considerably improved the analyte signal and the peak area greatly increased. The propranolol average signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was enhanced from 26±1 and 42±1 to 2341±61 and 1725±29 for R-propranolol and S-propranolol, respectively, when the post-column solvent method (OPSAI) was used with isopropanol-assistant solvent (A). While in case of solvent-assisted electrospray ionization method (SAESI) signal was enhanced from 26±1 and 42±1 to 2223±72 and 2155±58 for R-propranolol and S-propranolol, respectively, with water as an assistant solvent. The limit of detection was 10ng/mL and the method was linear in the range 50-2000ng/mL. The NPLC-MS method was applied for the determination of propranolol enantiomers in human plasma after microextraction by packed C18 sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Elmongy
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691, Stockholm, Sweden; Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Hytham Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz Wahbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Hirsh Koyi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gävle Hospital and Centre for Research at Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Li L, Yang SH, Vidova V, Rice EM, Wijeratne AB, Havlíček V, Schug KA. Reversed phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to continuous flow-extractive desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for analysis and charge state manipulation of undigested proteins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:361-368. [PMID: 26307717 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of continuous flow-extractive desorption electrospray ionization (CF-EDESI), an ambient ionization source demonstrated previously for use with intact protein analysis, is expanded here for the coupling of reversed phase protein separations to mass spectrometry. This configuration allows the introduction of charging additives to enhance detection without affecting the chromatographic separation mechanism. Two demonstrations of the advantages of CF-EDESI are presented in this work. First, a proof-of- principle is presented to demonstrate the applicability of hyphenation of liquid chromatography (LC) to CF- EDESI. LC-CF-EDESI-MS has good sensitivity compared to LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry. Second, the supercharging mechanism investigated in CF-EDESI provides an insight into a highly debated supercharging process in ESI. The results indicate that the mechanism of protein charging seen in HPLC-CF-EDESI is different from supercharging phenomena in conventional ESI. The surface tension mechanism and binding mechanism may both contribute to protein supercharging in ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.
| | - Samuel H Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
| | - Veronika Vidova
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic..
| | - Elisa M Rice
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
| | - Aruna B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
| | - Vladimír Havlíček
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17.listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic..
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA..
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Zhang JT, Wang HY, Zhu W, Cai TT, Guo YL. Solvent-Assisted Electrospray Ionization for Direct Analysis of Various Compounds (Complex) from Low/Nonpolar Solvents and Eluents. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8937-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Zhang
- National Center for Organic
Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- National Center for Organic
Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- National Center for Organic
Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Cai
- National Center for Organic
Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- National Center for Organic
Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Li L, Schug KA. Continuous-flow extractive desorption electrospray ionization coupled to normal phase separations and for direct lipid analysis from cell extracts. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2357-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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Li M, Yang L, Bai Y, Liu H. Analytical Methods in Lipidomics and Their Applications. Anal Chem 2013; 86:161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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