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Bortolotto A, Will C, Huelsmann RD, Carasek E. Lab-made automated parallel-dispersive pipette extraction device for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in distilled beverages (sugarcane spirits) using HPLC-DAD. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1733:465257. [PMID: 39178655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a new automated parallel dispersive tip microextraction method (Au-Pa-DPX) for the determination of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four samples of Brazilian sugarcane spirit beverages, with separation and detection done by the HPLC-DAD. The results obtained with the Au-Pa-DPX approach were also compared with those obtained via the conventional parallel manual DPX method with the same samples and optimized extraction process. Desorption solvent and cycles of desorption, cleaning and extraction were optimized using response surface methodology and univariate approaches. For the Au-Pa-DPX method, the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.9948 to 0.9997. The limits of detection and quantification were all 0.303 μg l-1 and 1.00 μg l-1, respectively. Interday and intraday precision ranged from 7.6 % to 31.7 % and 0.40 % to 15.8 %, respectively. For the manual parallel DPX method, the interday and intraday precision ranged from 8.2 % to 38.1 % and 5.40 % to 18.7 %, respectively. The relative recovery values obtained with the proposed method ranged from 53.29 to 124.94 %. The enrichment factors ranged from 15.13 to 22.35. The sum of PAH concentrations in the four samples ranged from undetected to 25.58 μg l-1. These results, when correlated to other methods, highlight the gains in regards to precision obtained with the automated apparatus. Furthermore, when compared to other methods from the literature, it is an interesting green alternative for the determination of these analytes and this sample, with high throughput (4.67 min per sample), low consumption of solvents and samples, generating less waste and reducing health risks to the analyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Bortolotto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil
| | - Camila Will
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil.
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2
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Kakuda P, de Souza ID, Covari LF, Tumas V, Queiroz MEC. Cortisol and cortisone determination by disposable pipette extraction (DPX) and ultra-efficient liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in urine and saliva samples from patients with Parkinson's disease. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05557-6. [PMID: 39327306 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Higher serum cortisol levels appear to be associated with stress that can overlap or manifest anxiety, fatigue, depression, and sleep dysfunction. These are common and intrusive non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, stress has been proposed to mediate Parkinson's disease development, and cortisol has been suggested as a biomarker for the generation of stress-related symptoms in Parkinson's disease. This study describes sensitive and robust disposable pipette extraction (DPX) and ultra-efficient liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to determine cortisol and cortisone (as potential endocrine biomarkers for Parkinson's disease) in 24-h urine and saliva samples obtained from Parkinson's disease patients. Important parameters on DPX extraction were optimized to achieve the best extraction recovery and cleanup efficiency. The proposed method was linear from 0.5 (lower limit of quantification) to 500 ng mL-1 for cortisol and from 3.0 (lower limit of quantification) to 500 ng mL-1 for cortisone. To determine whether urinary cortisol and urinary cortisone are adequate as biomarkers to evaluate the level of anxiety in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, twenty-nine Parkinson's disease patients (18 with anxiety and 11 without anxiety) were selected for urine analysis. Based on the obtained results, 24-h urine samples obtained from Parkinson's disease patients with anxiety had higher cortisone levels than samples obtained from healthy controls. Receiving operating curves (ROC) analysis, which presented the area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.733), showed that urinary cortisone levels (µg/24-h urine) were sensitive (56.3%) and specific (93.3%) for distinguishing Parkinson's disease patients with anxiety from healthy controls. In terms of salivary results, PD patients' samples taken 30 min after waking up had higher cortisol and cortisone levels than healthy controls, while their samples taken at night had lower cortisol and cortisone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Kakuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Israel Donizeti de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fritz Covari
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Wang S, Liu W, Lei X, Huang T, Huang G, Lin C, Wu X. Surface amphiphilic hybrid porous polymers based on cage-like organosiloxanes for pipette tip solid-phase extraction of microcystins in water. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465390. [PMID: 39326382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of microcystins (MCs) during harmful algal blooms (HABs) represents a major threat to freshwater environments. In this work, a novel surface amphiphilic hybrid porous polymers based on cage-like organosiloxanes (PCSs) was prepared for the enrichment of MCs. The copolymerization of bifunctional amphiphilic monomers, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and N-benzylquininium chloride (BQN), with the cross-linker methacryl substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was achieved in an ionic liquid-based porogenic medium. The hierarchical porous structure, a variety of surface functional groups and weak hydrophilicity were well characterized on the prepared materials using scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis and water contact angle testing, respectively. The as-prepared surface amphiphilic PCSs was used as an adsorbent for pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) to enrich microcystins (MCs) from surface waters before their analysis by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Under the optimal conditions, the established PT-SPE-LC-MS method exhibited a wide linear range (10-10,000 ng L-1), low limits of detection (4.0-8.0 ng L-1) and satisfactory recoveries (89.5-102.8 %) for MCs. An adsorption mechanism involving electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophilic interactions, and π-π stacking has been proposed. The findings suggest that the use of surface amphiphilic PCSs materials as adsorbents in the PT-SPE platform facilitates efficient enrichment of MCs for subsequent chromatographic analysis. These investigations offer a new perspective on the simple and uncomplicated pretreatment of complex environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on food safety and environmental analysis, Fuzhou 350116, Fuzhou University, China
| | - Wenning Liu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on food safety and environmental analysis, Fuzhou 350116, Fuzhou University, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lei
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on food safety and environmental analysis, Fuzhou 350116, Fuzhou University, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on food safety and environmental analysis, Fuzhou 350116, Fuzhou University, China
| | - Guobin Huang
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Engineering Technology Research Center on Reagent and Instrument for Rapid Detection of Product Quality and Food Safety, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Chenchen Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Engineering Technology Research Center on Reagent and Instrument for Rapid Detection of Product Quality and Food Safety, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; International (HongKong Macao and Taiwan) Joint Laboratory on food safety and environmental analysis, Fuzhou 350116, Fuzhou University, China.
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Gomes NC, Cabrices OG, De Martinis BS. Innovative disposable pipette extraction for concurrent analysis of fourteen psychoactive substances in drug users' sweat. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465136. [PMID: 38968663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Widespread consumption of drugs of abuse worldwide has caused concern: it adversely affects public health, individual safety, and social structures. Experts are particularly alarmed because new psychoactive substances have been increasingly detected in biological samples. In recent years, several studies have focused on developing methods to identify psychoactive substances in alternative biological matrices, such as sweat. This approach holds promise for monitoring substance use, especially in individuals undergoing rehabilitation. Among the commonly employed analytical procedures, extraction using disposable DPX tips stands out as a novel, miniaturized, and promising technique. This study aimed to validate and to apply a method to analyze various substances, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA, cocaine, cocaethylene, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, dibutylone, N-ethylpentylone, 25E-NBOMe, 25CNBOMe, 2CC, 2C-E, fentanyl, and carfentanil, in sweat samples simultaneously. In this method, sweat is collected by using laboratory-developed patches, and extraction is conducted with DPX-SCX tips. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is employed to separate, to identify, and to quantify the analytes. Validation results indicated that the quantification limit ranged from 2 to 30 ng of analyte/patch, and that the method was linear for analyte concentrations ranging from 2 to 1100 ng/patch. The validated method was applied to analyze 30 sweat samples collected from volunteers drug users and processed by using both the selected ion mode (SIM) and full scan. The method was able to detect and to quantify substances such as cocaine, cocaethylene, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, MDMA, MDA, nicotine, cotinine, caffeine, procaine, lidocaine, and ethylamphetamine simultaneously. The recovery rates ranged from 72.4 % to 97.1 %. The analytes were stable in the biological matrix. In conclusion, the validated method proved effective and allowed the target analytes to be quantified in sweat samples, highlighting that sweat is a viable matrix for analyzing drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayna Cândida Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-901, Brazil
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food profiling goes green: Sustainable analysis strategies for food authentication. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 39140227 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Omics technologies, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, isotopolomics, and metallomics, are important tools for analytical verification of food authenticity. However, in many cases, their application requires the use of high-resolution technological platforms as well as careful consideration of sample collection, storage, preparation and, in particular, extraction. In this overview, the individual steps and disciplines are explained against the background of the term "Green Chemistry," and the various instrumental procedures for the respective omics disciplines are discussed. Furthermore, new approaches and developments are presented on how such analyses can be made sustainable in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science-Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Cardoso AT, Martins RO, Lanças FM. Advances and Applications of Hybrid Graphene-Based Materials as Sorbents for Solid Phase Microextraction Techniques. Molecules 2024; 29:3661. [PMID: 39125063 PMCID: PMC11314039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of traditional sample preparation techniques has brought about miniaturization systems designed to scale down conventional methods and advocate for environmentally friendly analytical approaches. Although often referred to as green analytical strategies, the effectiveness of these methods is intricately linked to the properties of the sorbent utilized. Moreover, to fully embrace implementing these methods, it is crucial to innovate and develop new sorbent or solid phases that enhance the adaptability of miniaturized techniques across various matrices and analytes. Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable versatility and modification potential, making them ideal sorbents for miniaturized strategies due to their high surface area and functional groups. Their notable adsorption capability and alignment with green synthesis approaches, such as bio-based graphene materials, enable the use of less sorbent and the creation of biodegradable materials, enhancing their eco-friendly aspects towards green analytical practices. Therefore, this study provides an overview of different types of hybrid graphene-based materials as well as their applications in crucial miniaturized techniques, focusing on offline methodologies such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE), disposable pipette extraction (DPX), dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-µ-SPE), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos 13566590, Brazil
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Batista Junior AC, Rocha YA, Souza GG, Chaves AR. Development of a reliable method for determination of N-nitrosamines in medicines using disposable pipette extraction and HPLC-MS analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3318-3330. [PMID: 38747210 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study outlines the development and optimization of an analytical method using Disposable Pipette Extraction (DPX) followed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis to determine NAs in medicines. HPLC-MS analysis utilized a reversed-phase and positive mode electrospray ion source. DPX parameters were optimized through univariate and multivariate analyses, including extraction phase, desorption solvent, sample pH, equilibrium time, and extraction/desorption cycles. The optimized conditions included a C18 extraction phase, methanol desorption solvent, pH at 7, an equilibrium time of 30 seconds, 2 extraction cycles, and 5 desorption cycles. Considering this method, it was possible to achieve a sample preparation step for the analysis of NAs in medicines using a minimal amount of extraction phase, sample, and desorption solvent. Furthermore, the total extraction procedure enables the extraction of NAs in around 4 minutes with NA recovery up to 98%. Analytical performance demonstrated precision and accuracy below 15% and a quantification limit of 1 ng mL-1, meeting validation requirements set by regulations worldwide. Thus, the DPX/HPLC-MS technique offers a faster and cost-effective method for analyzing NAs in medicines compared to traditional approaches. Besides, this method reduces solvent consumption and residue generation, enhancing environmental sustainability according to green chemistry principles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Arrates Rocha
- Federal University of Goiás, Chemistry Institute, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
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Karas LK, Patterson C, Fuller ZJ, Karschner EL. Automated extraction and LC-MS-MS analysis of 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol isomers and prevalence in authentic urine specimens. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:197-203. [PMID: 38581658 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THCCOOH) is the most frequently detected illicit drug metabolite in the military drug testing program. An increasing number of specimens containing unresolved Δ8-THCCOOH prompted the addition of this analyte to the Department of Defense drug testing panel. A method was developed and validated for the quantitative confirmation of the carboxylated metabolites of Δ8- and Δ9-THC in urine samples utilizing automated pipette tip dispersive solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Analytes were separated isocratically over an 8.5-min runtime and detected on an MS-MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source operated in negative mode. A single point calibrator (15 ng/mL) forced through zero demonstrated linearity from 3 to 1,000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision were ≤9.1%, and bias was within ±14.1% for Δ8-THCCOOH and Δ9-THCCOOH. No interferences were found after challenging the method with different over-the-counter drugs, prescription pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and several cannabinoids and cannabinoid metabolites, including Δ10-THCCOOH. Urine specimens presumptively positive by immunoassay (n = 2,939; 50 ng/mL Δ9-THCCOOH cutoff) were confirmed with this analytical method. Δ8-THCCOOH and Δ9-THCCOOH were present together above the 15 ng/mL cutoff in 33% of specimens. However, nearly one-third of the specimens analyzed were positive for Δ8-THCCOOH only. This manuscript describes the first validated automated extraction and confirmation method for Δ8- and Δ9-THCCOOH in urine that provides adequate analyte separation in urine specimens with extreme isomer abundance ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa K Karas
- United States Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, 2490 Wilson Street, Fort Meade, MD 20755, USA
| | - Courtney Patterson
- United States Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, 2490 Wilson Street, Fort Meade, MD 20755, USA
| | - Zachary J Fuller
- United States Army Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory, 2490 Wilson Street, Fort Meade, MD 20755, USA
| | - Erin L Karschner
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Division of Forensic Toxicology, Dover AFB, 115 Purple Heart Drive, Dover, DE 19902, USA
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Pour PH, Suzaei FM, Daryanavard SM. Greenness assessment of microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:249-278. [PMID: 38466891 PMCID: PMC11216521 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we evaluated the greenness and whiteness scores for microextraction techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, the cons and pros of each evaluated method and their impacts on the provided scores are also discussed. Materials & methods: The Analytical Greenness Sample Preparation metric tool and white analytical chemistry principles are used for related published works (2007-2023). Results & conclusion: This study provided valuable insights for developing methods based on microextraction techniques with a balance in greenness and whiteness areas. Some methods based on a specific technique recorded higher scores, making them suitable candidates as green analytical approaches, and some others achieved high scores both in green and white areas with a satisfactory balance between principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hosseini Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, 79177, Iran
| | - Foad Mashayekhi Suzaei
- Toxicology Laboratories, Monitoring the Human Hygiene Condition and Standard of Qeshm (MHCS Company), Qeshm Island, 79511, Iran
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yin J, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Miniaturized centrifugation accelerated pipette-tip matrix solid-phase dispersion based on poly(deep eutectic solvents) surface imprinted graphene oxide composite adsorbent for rapid extraction of anti-adipogenesis markers from Solidago decurrens Lour. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464599. [PMID: 38150874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are the causes of many diseases and have become global "epidemics". Research on natural active components with anti-adipogenesis effects in plants has aroused the interest of researchers. One of the most critical problems is establishing sample preparation and analytical techniques for quickly and selectively extracting and determining the active anti-adipogenesis components in complex plant matrices for developing new anti-adipogenic drugs. In this study, a new poly(deep eutectic solvents) surface imprinted graphene oxide composite (PDESs-MIP/GO) with high selectivity for phenolic acids was prepared using deep eutectic solvents as monomers and crosslinkers. A miniaturized centrifugation-accelerated pipette-tip matrix solid-phase dispersion method (CPT-MSPD) with PDESs-MIP/GO as adsorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, was further developed for the rapid determination of anti-adipogenesis markers in Solidago decurrens Lour. (SDL). The established method was successfully used to determination anti-adipogenesis markers in SDL from different regions, with the advantages of accuracy (recoveries: 94.4 - 115.9 %, RSDs ≤ 9.8 %), speed (CPT-MSPD time: 11 min), selectivity (imprinting factor: ∼2.0), and economy (2 mg of adsorbent and 1 mL of solvents), which is in line with the current advanced principle of "3S+2A" in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Junfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yehong Han
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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11
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Suwanvecho C, Krčmová LK, Švec F. Effective, convenient, and green sample preparation for the determination of retinol and retinol acetate in human serum using pipette tip microextraction. Talanta 2023; 262:124689. [PMID: 37220691 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient sample preparation based on pipette tip microextraction that can be used for the analysis of retinol in human serum has been developed. Altogether, nine commercial pipette tips were compared based on recovery, sample volume, use of organic solvent, handling difficulty, duration of the preparation process, price, and greenness of the method. Retinol acetate was used as the internal standard. The extraction efficiency for both compounds was evaluated to optimize and select the best pipette tip for sample preparation, which was the WAX-S XTR pipette tip containing an ion exchanger and salt. This tip combined solid phase extraction and salting-out assisted liquid‒liquid extraction. Satisfying recoveries of 100 and 80% for retinol and retinol acetate, respectively, and good repeatability were demonstrated. The action of this pipette tip was based on the clean-up workflow in which the interferences were retained on the sorbent. The presence of residual interferences in the extracted samples did not affect the HPLC separation of compounds of interest. The simplicity of the clean-up workflow reduced the time of the sample preparation compared to the bind-wash-elute counterpart workflow. The advantages of our technique are its environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. The selected pipette tip with an excellent microextraction efficiency enables sample preparation in both clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaweewan Suwanvecho
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - František Švec
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Luo Y, Yang L, Jiang L, Huang C, Shen X. Preparation of wax-based molecularly imprinted monolith for pipette-tip solid-phase extraction: a hybrid method. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:151. [PMID: 36952093 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of molecularly imprinted monolith (MIM) for pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for sample pretreatment is challenging . In this work, a wax-based molecularly imprinted monolith (WMIM) was successfully prepared with a hybrid method by integration of the traditional packing SPE column and MIM, including preparation of the salt column inside the pipette, polymerization of wax-based imprinted column (WIC) outside the pipette, and immobilization of WIC inside the pipette tip. To ensure the penetration of samples and solvents during the PT-SPE, micrometer-range interconnected macropores were tailor-made via the salt-template sacrifice method. For the production of high affinity imprinted sites within the WIC, octadecanoic acid was used as functional monomer in the paraffin matrix. In terms of the adsorption property, the synthesized WIC exhibited a specific affinity to cardiovascular drugs, with an imprinting factor (IF) of 4.8 for the target analyte. Moreover, the WMIM-based PT-SPE was coupled with fluorescence spectrophotometry for the target propranolol determination (the excitation and emission wavelengths were 294 nm and 343 nm, respectively). This analytical method showed high recovery of target detection in different real samples (R > 90%), good sensitivity, and accuracy (R2 = 0.99, LOD = 0.03 ng mL-1). We believe this work could provide a significant contribution for the fabrication of MIM and promote an emerging trend of developing elution-free materials for sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liuqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Grau J, Moreno-Guzmán M, Arruza L, López MÁ, Escarpa A, Chisvert A. Analysis of microsamples by miniaturized magnetic-based pipette tip microextraction: determination of free cortisol in serum and urine from very low birth weight preterm newborns. Analyst 2023; 148:1050-1057. [PMID: 36723348 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized magnetic-based pipette tip microextraction is presented as a sample preparation approach for microsamples. It involves quick dispersion of a diminutive amount of a magnetic sorbent material in a low-volume sample (10 μL) to entrap the target analytes. Next, the dispersion is aspirated using a (semi)automatic pipette through a pipette tip with a small cubic neodymium magnet inside, which retrieves the magnetic sorbent containing the analytes. After discarding the rest of the sample, the sorbent is properly rinsed by aspirating/dispensing deionized water, and then, the analytes are eluted by aspirating/dispensing an appropriate solvent. This approach was employed for the determination of free cortisol in serum and urine from very low birth weight preterm newborns, a vulnerable patient group who present low availability for sampling biological fluids. A magnetic immunosorbent made of a cortisol antibody was employed for the selective extraction, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Good analytical features were obtained, such as limits of detection and quantification of 0.08 and 0.27 ng mL-1, respectively, linearity up to 50 ng mL-1 (R2 > 0.999), RSD values under 15% and relative recoveries between 91 and 111%. The cross-reactivity with other glucocorticoids (i.e., cortisone and prednisolone) was evaluated to show the selectivity of the extraction. Finally, the method applicability was demonstrated towards the determination of free cortisol in the serum and urine samples from low birth weight preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Grau
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Moreno-Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Arruza
- Division of Neonatology, Child and Teenager Institute, Clínico San Carlos Hospital IdISCC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain. .,Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcala, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, Alcala de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain. .,Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. Del Río", University of Alcala, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, Alcala de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Cheng JYK, Hui JWS, Chan WS, So MH, Hong YH, Leung WT, Ku KW, Yeung HS, Lo KM, Fung KM, Ip CY, Dao KL, Cheung BKK. Interpol review of toxicology 2019-2022. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2022; 6:100303. [PMID: 36597440 PMCID: PMC9799715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Yuk-ki Cheng
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | | | - Wing-sum Chan
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Man-ho So
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yau-hin Hong
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wai-tung Leung
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ka-wai Ku
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hoi-sze Yeung
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kam-moon Lo
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kit-mai Fung
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chi-yuen Ip
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kwok-leung Dao
- Government Laboratory, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Capsule Phase Microextraction Combined with Chemometrics for the HPLC Determination of Amphotericin B in Human Serum. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the use of a sorbent-based microextraction technique employing a capsule device to isolate amphotericin B (AMB) from human serum before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AMB is a macrocyclic compound used for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Before determining AMB in human serum by HPLC, a sample preparation step is required. Capsule phase microextraction (CPME) integrates the stirring and filtration mechanisms in a single unit, simplifying the sample preparation procedure. Moreover, it results in fast extraction kinetics and high extraction efficiency, while it has proved to be a powerful tool for bioanalysis. Different sol–gel sorbent encapsulated microextraction capsules were investigated, and sol–gel Carbowax 20 M was finally chosen as the basis for the microextraction device. Accordingly, the sample preparation protocol was investigated using a face-centered central composite design to achieve good extraction performance. The optimum protocol was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The linear range of the developed approach was 0.10–10.0 μg mL−1. The LOD value was 0.03 μg mL−1, and the LOQ value was 0.10 μg mL−1. Method accuracy (expressed as relative recovery) was 87–113%, while the relative standard deviation of the repeatability (sr) and within-laboratory reproducibility (sR) were <12.4%. The sol–gel sorbent encapsulated microextraction capsules were reusable for at least 10 extraction cycles. All things considered, the proposed method exhibited good overall performance, and it could be used in bioanalysis for quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring and research purposes.
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A green analytical method for the determination of polyphenols in wine by dispersive pipette extraction and LC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 405:134860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Homemade Pipette Tip Solid-Phase Extraction for the Simultaneous Determination of 40 Drugs of Abuse in Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pipette tip solid-phase extraction facilitates the handling of low-volume samples and organic solvents in order to achieve more environmentally friendly pre-treatment sample techniques. The use of pipette tip extraction was examined for the quick and simple determination of a heterogeneous group of 40 drugs of abuse and some of their metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Several parameters were studied and optimized, including those which can affect extraction efficiencies, such as the amount of sorbent and the volumes and number of aspirating/dispensing cycles of the sample and organic solvents. The linear range of this method was between the quantification limit and 75 or 100 ng mL−1. Detection limits between 0.025 and 0.500 ng mL−1 and quantification limits from 0.100 to 1.500 ng mL−1 were achieved, which are adequate to determine the studied compounds in urine from drug users. Finally, in order to prove its suitability in toxicological and forensic analyses, the method was successfully applied to 22 urine specimens from women who were starting a detoxification program. Cocaine was the most frequently detected substance, as its presence or the presence of its main metabolite was found in 86% of the analyzed samples.
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Li L, Zhang H, Zhang M, Wang T, Hou X. MIL-88B(Fe)/cellulose microspheres as sorbent for the fully automated dispersive pipette extraction towards trace sulfonamides in milk samples prior to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340420. [PMID: 36257763 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MIL-88B(Fe)/cellulose microspheres (MIL-88B(Fe)/CMs) were characterized by the means of SEM, XRD, TGA and N2 adsorption-desorption test. The composite was used as the sorbent for fully automated dispersive pipette extraction (DPX), after introducing CMs as the support, the loss of MIL-88B(Fe) in DPX was avoided. Coupled to UPLC-MS/MS, the proposed method was employed for the analysis of trace sulfonamides (SAs) in milk samples. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including pH of sample solution, the rate of aspiration and dispense, amount of the adsorbent, type and volume of elution solvent were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity (r ≥ 0.9978 for five analytes), high sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.00660-0.0136 μg kg-1) and satisfactory recovery (69.8%-100.9%) were achieved. Furthermore, the sorbent showed desirable reusability over eight extraction cycles. Compared with other methods for the pretreatment of SAs, the proposed method showed advantages of high sensitivity, less sorbent consumption, environmental friendliness and automation, providing a promising protocol for sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Oliveira TC, Lanças FM. Determination of selected herbicides employed in sugarcane crops by disposable pipette tip (DPX) extraction followed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Semiquantitative naked-eye detection of synthetic food colorants using highly-branched pipette tip as an all-in-one device. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1211:339901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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