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Griebel AJ, Maier P, Summers H, Clausius B, Kanasty I, He W, Peterson N, Czerniak C, Oliver AA, Kallmes DF, Kadirvel R, Schaffer JE, Guillory RJ. Radiopaque FeMnN-Mo composite drawn filled tubing wires for braided absorbable neurovascular devices. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:74-87. [PMID: 38962657 PMCID: PMC11220465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow diverter devices are small stents used to divert blood flow away from aneurysms in the brain, stagnating flow and inducing intra-aneurysmal thrombosis which in time will prevent aneurysm rupture. Current devices are formed from thin (∼25 μm) wires which will remain in place long after the aneurysm has been mitigated. As their continued presence could lead to secondary complications, an absorbable flow diverter which dissolves into the body after aneurysm occlusion is desirable. The absorbable metals investigated to date struggle to achieve the necessary combination of strength, elasticity, corrosion rate, fragmentation resistance, radiopacity, and biocompatibility. This work proposes and investigates a new composite wire concept combining absorbable iron alloy (FeMnN) shells with one or more pure molybdenum (Mo) cores. Various wire configurations are produced and drawn to 25-250 μm wires. Tensile testing revealed high and tunable mechanical properties on par with existing flow diverter materials. In vitro degradation testing of 100 μm wire in DMEM to 7 days indicated progressive corrosion and cracking of the FeMnN shell but not of the Mo, confirming the cathodic protection of the Mo by the FeMnN and thus mitigation of premature fragmentation risk. In vivo implantation and subsequent μCT of the same wires in mouse aortas to 6 months showed meaningful corrosion had begun in the FeMnN shell but not yet in the Mo filament cores. In total, these results indicate that these composites may offer an ideal combination of properties for absorbable flow diverters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Maier
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, DE, USA
| | - Henry Summers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Benjamin Clausius
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, DE, USA
| | - Isabella Kanasty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Nicholas Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Carolyn Czerniak
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger J. Guillory
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, USA
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2
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Bian D, Tong Z, Gong G, Huang H, Fang L, Yang H, Gu W, Yu H, Zheng Y. Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Molybdenum - From Powder to Vascular Stent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401614. [PMID: 38837830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium, iron, and zinc-based biodegradable metals are widely recognized as promising candidate materials for the next generation of bioresorbable stent (BVS). However, none of those metal BVSs are perfect at this stage. Here, a brand-new BVS based on a novel biodegradable metal (Molybdenum, Mo) through additive manufacturing is developed. Nearly full-dense and crack-free thin-wall Mo is directly manufactured through selective laser melting (SLM) with fine Mo powder. Systemic analyses considering the forming quality, wall-thickness, microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation behaviors are performed. Then, Mo-based thin-strut (≤ 100 µm) stents are successfully obtained through an optimized single-track laser melting route. The SLMed thin-wall Mo owns comparable strength to its Mg and Zn based counterparts (as-drawn), while, it exhibits remarkable biocompatibility in vitro. Vessel related cells are well adhered and spread on SLMed Mo, and it exhibits a low risk of hemolysis and thrombus. The SLMed stent is compatible to vessel tissues in rat abdominal aorta, and it can provide sufficient support in an animal model as an extravascular stent. This work possibly opens a new era of manufacturing Mo-based stents through additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bian
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhipei Tong
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gencheng Gong
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Liudang Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenda Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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3
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McLennan DI, Maldonado JR, Foerster SR, Handler SS, LaDisa JF, Gudausky TM, Guillory RJ. Absorbable metal stents for vascular use in pediatric cardiology: progress and outlook. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410305. [PMID: 39165257 PMCID: PMC11334478 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The past five years have yielded impressive advancements in fully absorbable metal stent technology. The desired ultimate ability for such devices to treat a vascular stenosis without long-term device-related complications or impeding future treatment continues to evoke excitement in clinicians and engineers alike. Nowhere is the need for fully absorbable metal stents greater than in patients experiencing vascular anomalies associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). Perhaps not surprisingly, commercially available absorbable metal stents have been implanted in pediatric cardiology patients with conditions ranging from pulmonary artery and vein stenosis to coarctation of the aorta and conduit/shunt reconstructions. Despite frequent short term procedural success, device performance has missed the mark with the commercially available devices not achieving degradation benchmarks for given applications. In this review we first provide a general overview detailing the theory of absorbable metal stents, and then review recent clinical use in CHD patients since the release of current-generation absorbable metal stents around 2019. We also discuss the challenges and our center's experience associated with the use of absorbable metal stents in this pediatric population. Lastly, we present potential directions for future engineering endeavors to mitigate existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. McLennan
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Susan R. Foerster
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Handler
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John F. LaDisa
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Departments of Physiology, and Medicine—Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Todd M. Gudausky
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Roger J. Guillory
- Department of Pediatrics—Division of Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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4
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Rivkin B, Akbar F, Otto M, Beyer L, Paul B, Kosiba K, Gustmann T, Hufenbach J, Medina-Sánchez M. Remotely Controlled Electrochemical Degradation of Metallic Implants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307742. [PMID: 38326101 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable medical implants promise to benefit patients by eliminating risks and discomfort associated with permanent implantation or surgical removal. The time until full resorption is largely determined by the implant's material composition, geometric design, and surface properties. Implants with a fixed residence time, however, cannot account for the needs of individual patients, thereby imposing limits on personalization. Here, an active Fe-based implant system is reported whose biodegradation is controlled remotely and in situ. This is achieved by incorporating a galvanic cell within the implant. An external and wireless signal is used to activate the on-board electronic circuit that controls the corrosion current between the implant body and an integrated counter electrode. This configuration leads to the accelerated degradation of the implant and allows to harvest electrochemical energy that is naturally released by corrosion. In this study, the electrochemical properties of the Fe-30Mn-1C/Pt galvanic cell model system is first investigated and high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography is used to evaluate the galvanic degradation of stent structures. Subsequently, a centimeter-sized active implant prototype is assembled with conventional electronic components and the remotely controlled corrosion is tested in vitro. Furthermore, strategies toward the miniaturization and full biodegradability of this system are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rivkin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Farzin Akbar
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Otto
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Beyer
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Paul
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konrad Kosiba
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Gustmann
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Hufenbach
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Molecular Bioengineering (B CUBE), Chair of Micro- and Nano Systems, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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5
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Ren H, Zhao H, Javed MS, Siyal SH, Zhang X, Zhang X, Ahmad A, Hussain I, Habila MA, Han W. Biodegradable MoN x@Mo-foil electrodes for human-friendly supercapacitors. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5749-5757. [PMID: 38771646 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement in the field of biomedical research, there is a growing demand for biodegradable electronic devices. Biodegradable supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as an ideal solution for mitigating the risks associated with secondary surgeries, reducing patient discomfort, and promoting environmental sustainability. In this study, MoNx@Mo-foil was prepared as an active material for biodegradable supercapacitors through high-temperature and nitridation processes. The composite electrode exhibited superior electrochemical performance in both aqueous and solid-state electrolytes. In the case of the solid-state electrolyte, the MoNx@Mo-foil composite electrode-based device demonstrated excellent cycling stability and electrochemical performance. Additionally, the composite electrode exhibited rapid and complete biodegradability in a 3% H2O2 solution. Through detailed experimental analysis and performance testing, we verified the potential application of the MoNx@Mo-foil composite electrode in biodegradable supercapacitors. This work provides a new choice of degradable material for developing biomedical electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hongru Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Sajid Hussain Siyal
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Xinze Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, EdificioMarie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weihua Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Janićijević Ž, Huang T, Bojórquez DIS, Tonmoy TH, Pané S, Makarov D, Baraban L. Design and Development of Transient Sensing Devices for Healthcare Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307232. [PMID: 38484201 PMCID: PMC11132064 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
With the ever-growing requirements in the healthcare sector aimed at personalized diagnostics and treatment, continuous and real-time monitoring of relevant parameters is gaining significant traction. In many applications, health status monitoring may be carried out by dedicated wearable or implantable sensing devices only within a defined period and followed by sensor removal without additional risks for the patient. At the same time, disposal of the increasing number of conventional portable electronic devices with short life cycles raises serious environmental concerns due to the dangerous accumulation of electronic and chemical waste. An attractive solution to address these complex and contradictory demands is offered by biodegradable sensing devices. Such devices may be able to perform required tests within a programmed period and then disappear by safe resorption in the body or harmless degradation in the environment. This work critically assesses the design and development concepts related to biodegradable and bioresorbable sensors for healthcare applications. Different aspects are comprehensively addressed, from fundamental material properties and sensing principles to application-tailored designs, fabrication techniques, and device implementations. The emerging approaches spanning the last 5 years are emphasized and a broad insight into the most important challenges and future perspectives of biodegradable sensors in healthcare are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Janićijević
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e. V.01328DresdenGermany
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e. V.01328DresdenGermany
| | | | - Taufhik Hossain Tonmoy
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e. V.01328DresdenGermany
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi‐Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL)Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems (IRIS)ETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e. V.01328DresdenGermany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf e. V.01328DresdenGermany
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7
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Hoppe DT, Toschka A, Karnatz N, Moellmann HL, Seidl M, van Meenen L, Poehle G, Redlich C, Rana M. Resorbable Patient-Specific Implants of Molybdenum for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery-Proof of Concept in an In Vivo Pilot Study. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38786630 PMCID: PMC11121984 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Titanium continues to be the gold standard in the field of osteosynthesis materials. This also applies to pediatric craniofacial surgery. Various resorbable materials have already been developed in order to avoid costly and risky second operations to remove metal in children. However, none of these resorbable materials have been able to completely replace the previous gold standard, titanium, in a satisfactory manner. This has led to the need for a new resorbable osteosynthesis material that fulfills the requirements for biocompatibility, stability, and uniform resorption. In our previous in vitro and in vivo work, we were able to show that molybdenum fulfills these requirements. To further confirm these results, we conducted a proof of concept in four domestic pigs, each of which was implanted with a resorbable molybdenum implant. The animals were then examined daily for local inflammatory parameters. After 54 days, the animals were euthanized with subsequent computer tomography imaging. We also removed the implants together with the surrounding tissue and parts of the spleen, liver, and kidney for histopathological evaluation. The molybdenum implants were also analyzed metallographically and using scanning electron microscopy. A blood sample was taken pre- and post-operatively. None of the animals showed clinical signs of inflammation over the entire test period. Histopathologically, good tissue compatibility was found. Early signs of degradation were observed after 54 days, which were not sufficient for major resorption. Resorption is expected with longer in situ residence times based on results of similar earlier investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Thomas Hoppe
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.T.H.); (A.T.); (N.K.); (H.L.M.)
| | - André Toschka
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.T.H.); (A.T.); (N.K.); (H.L.M.)
| | - Nadia Karnatz
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.T.H.); (A.T.); (N.K.); (H.L.M.)
| | - Henriette Louise Moellmann
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.T.H.); (A.T.); (N.K.); (H.L.M.)
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Lutz van Meenen
- Karl Leibinger Medizintechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 78570 Mühlheim, Germany;
| | - Georg Poehle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (G.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Christian Redlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (G.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Majeed Rana
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.T.H.); (A.T.); (N.K.); (H.L.M.)
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8
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Prieto Jarabo ME, Redlich C, Schauer A, Alves PKN, Guder C, Poehle G, Weissgaerber T, Adams V, Kappert U, El-Armouche A, Linke A, Wagner M. Bioresorbable molybdenum temporary epicardial pacing wires. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:330-339. [PMID: 38432350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac pacing with temporary epicardial pacing wires (TEPW) is used to treat rhythm disturbances after cardiac surgery. Occasionally, TEPW cannot be mechanically extracted and remain in the thorax, where they may rarely cause serious complications like migration and infection. We aim to develop bioresorbable TEPW that will dissolve over time even if postoperative removal is unsuccessful. In the present study, we demonstrate a completely bioresorbable design using molybdenum (Mo) as electric conductor and the resorbable polymers poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for electrically insulating double-coating. We compared the pacing properties of these Mo TEPW demonstrators to conventional steel TEPW in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and observed similar functionality. In vitro, static immersion tests in simulated body fluid for up to 28 days elucidated the degradation behaviour of uncoated Mo strands and the influence of polymer coating thereon. Degradation was considerably reduced in double-coated Mo TEPW compared to the uncoated and the PLGA-coated condition. Furthermore, we confirmed good biocompatibility of Mo degradation products in the form of low cytotoxicity in cell cultures of human cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Temporary pacing wires are routinely implanted on the heart surface to treat rhythm disturbances in the days following cardiac surgery. Subsequently, these wires are to be removed. When removal attempts are unsuccessful, wires are cut at skin level and the remainders are left inside the chest. Retained fragments may migrate within the body or become a centre of infection. These complications may be prevented using resorbable pacing wires. We manufactured completely resorbable temporary pacing wires using molybdenum as electrical conductor and assessed their function, degradation and biological compatibility. Our study represents an important step in the development of a safer approach to the treatment of rhythm disturbances after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elisa Prieto Jarabo
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Redlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Schauer
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Paula Ketilly Nascimento Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celine Guder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Poehle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Weissgaerber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, Germany; Chair of Powder Metallurgy, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Utz Kappert
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Clinic for Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Alam F, Ashfaq Ahmed M, Jalal AH, Siddiquee I, Adury RZ, Hossain GMM, Pala N. Recent Progress and Challenges of Implantable Biodegradable Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:475. [PMID: 38675286 PMCID: PMC11051912 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Implantable biosensors have evolved to the cutting-edge technology of personalized health care and provide promise for future directions in precision medicine. This is the reason why these devices stand to revolutionize our approach to health and disease management and offer insights into our bodily functions in ways that have never been possible before. This review article tries to delve into the important developments, new materials, and multifarious applications of these biosensors, along with a frank discussion on the challenges that the devices will face in their clinical deployment. In addition, techniques that have been employed for the improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensors alike are focused on in this article, like new biomarkers and advanced computational and data communicational models. A significant challenge of miniaturized in situ implants is that they need to be removed after serving their purpose. Surgical expulsion provokes discomfort to patients, potentially leading to post-operative complications. Therefore, the biodegradability of implants is an alternative method for removal through natural biological processes. This includes biocompatible materials to develop sensors that remain in the body over longer periods with a much-reduced immune response and better device longevity. However, the biodegradability of implantable sensors is still in its infancy compared to conventional non-biodegradable ones. Sensor design, morphology, fabrication, power, electronics, and data transmission all play a pivotal role in developing medically approved implantable biodegradable biosensors. Advanced material science and nanotechnology extended the capacity of different research groups to implement novel courses of action to design implantable and biodegradable sensor components. But the actualization of such potential for the transformative nature of the health sector, in the first place, will have to surmount the challenges related to biofouling, managing power, guaranteeing data security, and meeting today's rules and regulations. Solving these problems will, therefore, not only enhance the performance and reliability of implantable biodegradable biosensors but also facilitate the translation of laboratory development into clinics, serving patients worldwide in their better disease management and personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | | | - Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | - Ishrak Siddiquee
- Institute of Microsystems Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Horten, 3184 Vestfold, Norway;
| | - Rabeya Zinnat Adury
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - G M Mehedi Hossain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.H.J.); (G.M.M.H.)
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
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10
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Jiang X, Wu H, Xiao A, Huang Y, Yu X, Chang L. Recent Advances in Bioelectronics for Localized Drug Delivery. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301068. [PMID: 37759393 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed remarkable advancements in bioelectronics, ushering in a new era of wearable and implantable devices for drug delivery. By utilizing miniaturized system design and/or flexible materials, bioelectronics illustrates ideal integration with target organs and tissues, making them ideal platforms for localized drug delivery. Furthermore, the development of electrically assisted drug delivery systems has enhanced the efficiency and safety of therapeutic administration, particularly for the macromolecules that encounter additional challenges in penetrating biological barriers. In this review, a concise overview of recent progress in bioelectronic devices for in vivo localized drug delivery, with highlights on the latest trends in device design, working principles, and their corresponding functionalities, is provided. The reported systems based on their targeted delivery locations as wearable systems, ingestible systems, and implantable systems are categorized. Each category is introduced in detail by highlighting the special requirements for devices and the corresponding solutions. The remaining challenges in this field and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ao Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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11
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Kang M, Lee DM, Hyun I, Rubab N, Kim SH, Kim SW. Advances in Bioresorbable Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11559-11618. [PMID: 37756249 PMCID: PMC10571046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand for next-generation health care, the integration of electronic components into implantable medical devices (IMDs) has become a vital factor in achieving sophisticated healthcare functionalities such as electrophysiological monitoring and electroceuticals worldwide. However, these devices confront technological challenges concerning a noninvasive power supply and biosafe device removal. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure continuous operation and patient comfort and minimize the physical and economic burden on the patient and the healthcare system. This Review highlights the promising capabilities of bioresorbable triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) as temporary self-clearing power sources and self-powered IMDs. First, we present an overview of and progress in bioresorbable triboelectric energy harvesting devices, focusing on their working principles, materials development, and biodegradation mechanisms. Next, we examine the current state of on-demand transient implants and their biomedical applications. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives of B-TENGs, aimed at expanding their technological scope and developing innovative solutions. This Review discusses advancements in materials science, chemistry, and microfabrication that can advance the scope of energy solutions available for IMDs. These innovations can potentially change the current health paradigm, contribute to enhanced longevity, and reshape the healthcare landscape soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Kang
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inah Hyun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Najaf Rubab
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon
University, Seongnam 13120, Republic
of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bololoi AE, Geambazu LE, Antoniac IV, Bololoi RV, Manea CA, Cojocaru VD, Pătroi D. Solid-State Processing of CoCrMoNbTi High-Entropy Alloy for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6520. [PMID: 37834657 PMCID: PMC10573847 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) gained interest in the field of biomedical applications due to their unique effects and to the combination of the properties of the constituent elements. In addition to the required property of biocompatibility, other requirements include properties such as mechanical resistance, bioactivity, sterility, stability, cost effectiveness, etc. For this paper, a biocompatible high-entropy alloy, defined as bio-HEA by the literature, can be considered as an alternative to the market-available materials due to their superior properties. According to the calculation of the valence electron concentration, a majority of body-centered cubic (BCC) phases were expected, resulting in properties such as high strength and plasticity for the studied alloy, confirmed by the XRD analysis. The tetragonal (TVC) phase was also identified, indicating that the presence of face-centered cubic (FCC) phases in the alloyed materials resulted in high ductility. Microstructural and compositional analyses revealed refined and uniform metallic powder particles, with a homogeneous distribution of the elemental particles observed from the mapping analyses, indicating that alloying had occurred. The technological characterization of the high-entropy alloy-elaborated powder revealed the particle dimension reduction due to the welding and fracturing process that occurs during mechanical alloying, with a calculated average particle size of 45.12 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Elena Bololoi
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Laura Elena Geambazu
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
- National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulian Vasile Antoniac
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Robert Viorel Bololoi
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Ciprian Alexandru Manea
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
- National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Vasile Dănuţ Cojocaru
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.B.); (I.V.A.); (R.V.B.); (C.A.M.); (V.D.C.)
| | - Delia Pătroi
- National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, Splaiul Unirii 313, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
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Kim J, Jeon J, Lee J, Khoroldulam B, Choi S, Bae J, Hyun JK, Kang S. Electroceuticals for Regeneration of Long Nerve Gap Using Biodegradable Conductive Conduits and Implantable Wireless Stimulator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302632. [PMID: 37340589 PMCID: PMC10460856 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of over 10 mm long peripheral nerve defects remains a challenge due to the failure of regeneration by prolonged axotomy and denervation occurring in long-term recovery. Recent studies reveal that conductive conduits and electrical stimulation accelerate the regeneration of long nerve defects. In this study, an electroceutical platform combining a fully biodegradable conductive nerve conduit and a wireless electrical stimulator is proposed to maximize the therapeutic effect on nerve regeneration. Fully biodegradable nerve conduit fabricated using molybdenum (Mo) microparticles and polycaprolactone (PCL) can eliminate the unwanted effects of non-degradable implants, which occupy nerve paths and need to be removed through surgery increasing the risk of complications. The electrical and mechanical properties of Mo/PCL conduits are optimized by controlling the amounts of Mo and tetraglycol lubricant. The dissolution behavior and electrical conductivity of biodegradable nerve conduits in the biomimetic solutions are also evaluated. In in vivo experiments, the integrated strategy of a conductive Mo/PCL conduit with controlled therapeutic electrical stimulation shows accelerated axon regeneration for long sciatic nerve defects in rats compared to the use of the Mo/PCL conduit without stimulation and has a significant therapeutic effect based on the results obtained from the functional recovery test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jio Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jooik Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Ju‐Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Badamgarav Khoroldulam
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Young Bae
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineCollege of MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan31116Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM)Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT FoundrySeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of korea
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14
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Molybdenum as a Potential Biocompatible and Resorbable Material for Osteosynthesis in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415710. [PMID: 36555353 PMCID: PMC9779645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium and stainless steel are commonly known as osteosynthesis materials with high strength and good biocompatibility. However, they have the big disadvantage that a second operation for hardware removal is necessary. Although resorbable systems made of polymers or magnesium are increasingly used, they show some severe adverse foreign body reactions or unsatisfying degradation behavior. Therefore, we started to investigate molybdenum as a potential new biodegradable material for osteosynthesis in craniomaxillofacial surgery. To characterize molybdenum as a biocompatible material, we performed in vitro assays in accordance with ISO Norm 10993-5. In four different experimental setups, we showed that pure molybdenum and molybdenum rhenium alloys do not lead to cytotoxicity in human and mouse fibroblasts. We also examined the degradation behavior of molybdenum by carrying out long-term immersion tests (up to 6 months) with molybdenum sheet metal. We showed that molybdenum has sufficient mechanical stability over at least 6 months for implants on the one hand and is subject to very uniform degradation on the other. The results of our experiments are very promising for the development of new resorbable osteosynthesis materials for craniomaxillofacial surgery based on molybdenum.
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15
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Bozkurt Y, Çelik A. Tailoring biodegration rate of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Bioresorbable vascular metallic scaffolds: Current status and research trends. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Bakhshaee Babaroud N, Palmar M, Velea AI, Coletti C, Weingärtner S, Vos F, Serdijn WA, Vollebregt S, Giagka V. Multilayer CVD graphene electrodes using a transfer-free process for the next generation of optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:107. [PMID: 36176270 PMCID: PMC9512798 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal platforms combining electrical neural recording and stimulation, optogenetics, optical imaging, and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging are emerging as a promising platform to enhance the depth of characterization in neuroscientific research. Electrically conductive, optically transparent, and MRI-compatible electrodes can optimally combine all modalities. Graphene as a suitable electrode candidate material can be grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes and sandwiched between transparent biocompatible polymers. However, due to the high graphene growth temperature (≥ 900 °C) and the presence of polymers, fabrication is commonly based on a manual transfer process of pre-grown graphene sheets, which causes reliability issues. In this paper, we present CVD-based multilayer graphene electrodes fabricated using a wafer-scale transfer-free process for use in optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces. Our fabricated electrodes feature very low impedances which are comparable to those of noble metal electrodes of the same size and geometry. They also exhibit the highest charge storage capacity (CSC) reported to date among all previously fabricated CVD graphene electrodes. Our graphene electrodes did not reveal any photo-induced artifact during 10-Hz light pulse illumination. Additionally, we show here, for the first time, that CVD graphene electrodes do not cause any image artifact in a 3T MRI scanner. These results demonstrate that multilayer graphene electrodes are excellent candidates for the next generation of neural interfaces and can substitute the standard conventional metal electrodes. Our fabricated graphene electrodes enable multimodal neural recording, electrical and optogenetic stimulation, while allowing for optical imaging, as well as, artifact-free MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bakhshaee Babaroud
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
| | - Merlin Palmar
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
| | - Andrada Iulia Velea
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
- Technologies for Bioelectronics Group, Department of System Integration and Interconnection Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Micro-integration IZM, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355 Germany
| | - Chiara Coletti
- Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Weingärtner
- Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ The Netherlands
| | - Frans Vos
- Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. Serdijn
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD The Netherlands
| | - Sten Vollebregt
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Giagka
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
- Technologies for Bioelectronics Group, Department of System Integration and Interconnection Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Micro-integration IZM, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355 Germany
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18
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Sikora-Jasinska M, Morath LM, Kwesiga MP, Plank ME, Nelson AL, Oliver AA, Bocks ML, Guillory RJ, Goldman J. In-vivo evaluation of molybdenum as bioabsorbable stent candidate. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:262-271. [PMID: 35310360 PMCID: PMC8897701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable stents have tremendous theoretical potential as an alternative to bare metal stents and drug-eluting stents for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. Any bioresorbable or biodegradable scaffold material needs to possess optimal mechanical properties and uniform degradation behavior that avoids local and systemic toxicity. Recently, molybdenum (Mo) has been investigated as a potential novel biodegradable material for this purpose. With its proven moderate degradation rate and excellent mechanical properties, Mo may represent an ideal source material for clinical cardiac and vascular applications. The present study was performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of metallic Mo in vitro and the biodegradation properties in vivo. The results demonstrated favorable mechanical behavior and a uniform degradation profile as desired for a new generation ultra-thin degradable endovascular stent material. Moreover, Mo implants in mouse arteries avoided the typical cellular response that contributes to restenosis. There was minimal neointimal hyperplasia over 6 months, an absence of excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation or inflammation near the implant, and avoidance of significant harm to regenerating endothelial cells (EC). Qualitative inspection of kidney sections showed a potentially pathological remodeling of kidney Bowman's capsule and glomeruli, indicative of impaired filtering function and development of kidney disease, although quantifications of these morphological changes were not statistically significant. Together, the results suggest that the products of Mo corrosion may exert beneficial or inert effects on the activities of inflammatory and arterial cells, while exerting potentially toxic effects in the kidneys that warrant further investigation. Mo implants in mouse arteries avoided neointimal hyperplasia over 6 months. Quantification of CD31-labeled arterial sections showed an avoidance of significant harm to regenerating endothelial cells for the Mo implants. Qualitative inspection of kidney sections showed a potential pathological remodeling, indicative of possible impaired filtering function.
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19
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Fernandes C, Taurino I. Biodegradable Molybdenum (Mo) and Tungsten (W) Devices: One Step Closer towards Fully-Transient Biomedical Implants. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22083062. [PMID: 35459047 PMCID: PMC9027146 DOI: 10.3390/s22083062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Close monitoring of vital physiological parameters is often key in following the evolution of certain medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, infections, post-operative status or post-traumatic injury). The allocation of trained medical staff and specialized equipment is, therefore, necessary and often translates into a clinical and economic burden on modern healthcare systems. As a growing field, transient electronics may establish fully bioresorbable medical devices capable of remote real-time monitoring of therapeutically relevant parameters. These devices could alert remote medical personnel in case of any anomaly and fully disintegrate in the body without a trace. Unfortunately, the need for a multitude of biodegradable electronic components (power supplies, wires, circuitry) in addition to the electrochemical biosensing interface has halted the arrival of fully bioresorbable electronically active medical devices. In recent years molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) have drawn increasing attention as promising candidates for the fabrication of both energy-powered active (e.g., transistors and integrated circuits) and passive (e.g., resistors and capacitors) biodegradable electronic components. In this review, we discuss the latest Mo and W-based dissolvable devices for potential biomedical applications and how these soluble metals could pave the way towards next-generation fully transient implantable electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Fernandes
- Micro and Nano-Systems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (Micro- and Nano Systems), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Irene Taurino
- Micro and Nano-Systems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (Micro- and Nano Systems), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Semiconductor Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy (Semiconductor Physics), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Current status and outlook of biodegradable metals in neuroscience and their potential applications as cerebral vascular stent materials. Bioact Mater 2021; 11:140-153. [PMID: 34938919 PMCID: PMC8665265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, biodegradable metals (BMs) have emerged as promising materials to fabricate temporary biomedical devices, with the purpose of avoiding potential side effects of permanent implants. In this review, we first surveyed the current status of BMs in neuroscience, and briefly summarized the representative stents for treating vascular stenosis. Then, inspired by the convincing clinical evidence on the in vivo safety of Mg alloys as cardiovascular stents, we analyzed the possibility of producing biodegradable cerebrovascular Mg alloy stents for treating ischemic stroke. For these novel applications, some key factors should also be considered in designing BM brain stents, including the anatomic features of the cerebral vasculature, hemodynamic influences, neuro-cytocompatibility and selection of alloying elements. This work may provide insights into the future design and fabrication of BM neurological devices, especially for brain stents. The current status of the application of biodegradable metals (BM) in neuroscience was presented. We analyzed the possibility of producing biodegradable cerebrovascular Mg alloy stents for ischemic stroke treatment. Key factors in designing BM brain stents were discussed. This work may provide insights into the future design and fabrication of BM neurological devices, especially for brain stents.
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21
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Schauer A, Redlich C, Scheibler J, Poehle G, Barthel P, Maennel A, Adams V, Weissgaerber T, Linke A, Quadbeck P. Biocompatibility and Degradation Behavior of Molybdenum in an In Vivo Rat Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7776. [PMID: 34947370 PMCID: PMC8705131 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and degradation behavior of pure molybdenum (Mo) as a bioresorbable metallic material (BMM) for implant applications were investigated. In vitro degradation of a commercially available Mo wire (ø250 µm) was examined after immersion in modified Kokubo's SBF for 28 days at 37 °C and pH 7.4. For assessment of in vivo degradation, the Mo wire was implanted into the abdominal aorta of female Wistar rats for 3, 6 and 12 months. Microstructure and corrosion behavior were analyzed by means of SEM/EDX analysis. After explantation, Mo levels in serum, urine, aortic vessel wall and organs were investigated via ICP-OES analysis. Furthermore, histological analyses of the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain and lungs were performed, as well as blood count and differentiation by FACS analysis. Levels of the C-reactive protein were measured in blood plasma of all the animals. In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior was very similar, with formation of uniform, non-passivating and dissolving product layers without occurrence of a localized corrosion attack. The in vitro degradation rate was 101.6 µg/(cm2·d) which corresponds to 33.6 µm/y after 28 days. The in vivo degradation rates of 12, 33 and 36 µg/(cm2·d) were observed after 3, 6 and 12 months for the samples properly implanted in the aortic vessel wall. This corresponds with a degradation rate of 13.5 µm/y for the 12-month cohort. However, the magnitude of degradation strongly depended on the implant site, with the wires incorporated into the vessel wall showing the most severe degradation. Degradation of the implanted Mo wire neither induced an increase in serum or urine Mo levels nor were elevated Mo levels found in the liver and kidneys compared with the respective controls. Only in the direct vicinity of the implant in the aortic vessel wall, a significant amount of Mo was found, which, however, was far below the amounts to be expected from degrading wires. No abnormalities were detected for all timepoints in histological and blood analyses compared to the control group. The C-reactive protein levels were similar between all the groups, indicating no inflammation processes. These findings suggest that dissolved Mo from a degrading implant is physiologically transported and excreted. Furthermore, radiographic and µCT analyses revealed excellent radiopacity of Mo in tissues. These findings and the unique combination with its extraordinary mechanical properties make Mo an interesting alternative for established BMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schauer
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Dresden University of Technology, Heart Center Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.); (A.M.); (V.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Christian Redlich
- Dresden Branch Lab., Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.R.); (J.S.); (G.P.); (T.W.); (P.Q.)
| | - Jakob Scheibler
- Dresden Branch Lab., Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.R.); (J.S.); (G.P.); (T.W.); (P.Q.)
| | - Georg Poehle
- Dresden Branch Lab., Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.R.); (J.S.); (G.P.); (T.W.); (P.Q.)
| | - Peggy Barthel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Dresden University of Technology, Heart Center Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.); (A.M.); (V.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Anita Maennel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Dresden University of Technology, Heart Center Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.); (A.M.); (V.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Dresden University of Technology, Heart Center Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.); (A.M.); (V.A.); (A.L.)
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Weissgaerber
- Dresden Branch Lab., Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.R.); (J.S.); (G.P.); (T.W.); (P.Q.)
| | - Axel Linke
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiology, Dresden University of Technology, Heart Center Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.); (A.M.); (V.A.); (A.L.)
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Quadbeck
- Dresden Branch Lab., Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.R.); (J.S.); (G.P.); (T.W.); (P.Q.)
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22
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Recent advances and directions in the development of bioresorbable metallic cardiovascular stents: Insights from recent human and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:1-23. [PMID: 33823325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been made regarding the material formulation, iterative design, and clinical translation of metallic bioresorbable stents. Currently, magnesium-based (Mg) stent devices have remained at the forefront of bioresorbable stent material development and use. Despite substantial advances, the process of developing novel absorbable stents and their clinical translation is time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. These challenges, coupled with the continuous refinement of alternative bioresorbable metallic bulk materials such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), have intensified the search for an ideal absorbable metallic stent material. Here, we discuss the most recent pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the efficacy of bioresorbable metallic stents and material candidates. From this perspective, strategies to improve the clinical performance of bioresorbable metallic stents are considered and critically discussed, spanning material alloy development, surface manipulations, material processing techniques, and preclinical/biological testing considerations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent efforts in using Mg, Fe, and Zn based materials for bioresorbable stents include elemental profile changes as well as surface modifications to improve each of the three classes of materials. Although a variety of alloys for absorbable metallic stents have been developed, the ideal absorbable stent material has not yet been discovered. This review focuses on the state of the art for bioresorbable metallic stent development. It covers the three bulk materials used for degradable stents (Mg, Fe, and Zn), and discusses their advances from a translational perspective. Strategies to improve the clinical performance of bioresorbable metallic stents are considered and critically discussed, spanning material alloy development, surface manipulations, material processing techniques, and preclinical/biological testing considerations.
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Huang CC, Lam TN, Amalia L, Chen KH, Yang KY, Muslih MR, Singh SS, Tsai PI, Lee YT, Jain J, Lee SY, Lai HJ, Huang WC, Chen SY, Huang EW. Tailoring grain sizes of the biodegradable iron-based alloys by pre-additive manufacturing microalloying. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9610. [PMID: 33953260 PMCID: PMC8100099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated the design of pre-additive manufacturing microalloying elements in tuning the microstructure of iron (Fe)-based alloys for their tunable mechanical properties. We tailored the microalloying stoichiometry of the feedstock to control the grain sizes of the metallic alloy systems. Two specific microalloying stoichiometries were reported, namely biodegradable iron powder with 99.5% purity (BDFe) and that with 98.5% (BDFe-Mo). Compared with the BDFe, the BDFe-Mo powder was found to have lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value and better oxidation resistance during consecutive heating and cooling cycles. The selective laser melting (SLM)-built BDFe-Mo exhibited high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1200 MPa and fair elongation of 13.5%, while the SLM-built BDFe alloy revealed a much lower UTS of 495 MPa and a relatively better elongation of 17.5%, indicating the strength enhancement compared with the other biodegradable systems. Such an enhanced mechanical behavior in the BDFe-Mo was assigned to the dominant mechanism of ferrite grain refinement coupled with precipitate strengthening. Our findings suggest the tunability of outstanding strength-ductility combination by tailoring the pre-additive manufacturing microalloying elements with their proper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Ngoc Lam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, College of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Lia Amalia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Teknik Material dan Metalurgi, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, 76127, Indonesia
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yi Yang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 310, Taiwan
| | - M Rifai Muslih
- Neutron Scattering Lab. PSTBM-BATAN, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Sudhanshu Shekhar Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, 208016, India
| | - Pei-I Tsai
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 310, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tzu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jayant Jain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Soo Yeol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Jen Lai
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 310, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Huang
- Laser and Additive Manufacturing Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 31040, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - E-Wen Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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24
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Abstract
The degradation behavior and biocompatibility of pure molybdenum (Mo) were investigated. Dissolution of powder metallurgically manufactured and commercially available Mo was investigated by ion concentration measurement after immersion in modified Kokubo’s SBF (c-SBF-Ca) for 28 days at 37 °C and pH 7.4. Degradation layers and corrosion attack were examined with optical microscopy and REM/EDX analysis. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization measurements were conducted. Mo gradually dissolves in modified SBF releasing molybdate anions (MoO42−). The dissolution rate after 28 days is 10 µm/y for both materials and dissolution accelerates over time. A non-passivating, uniform and slowly soluble degradation product layer is observed. Additionally, apoptosis and necrosis assays with Mo ion extracts and colonization tests with human endothelial (HCAEC) and smooth muscle cell lines (HCASMC) on Mo substrates were performed. No adverse effects on cell viability were observed for concentrations expected from the dissolution of implants with typical geometries and substrates were densely colonized by both cell lines. Furthermore, Mo does not trigger thrombogenic or inflammatory responses. In combination with its favorable mechanical properties and the renal excretion of bio-available molybdate ions, Mo may be an alternative to established bioresorbable metals.
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