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Yang C, Chen R, Chen C, Yang F, Xiao H, Geng B, Xia Y. Tissue engineering strategies hold promise for the repair of articular cartilage injury. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:92. [PMID: 39261876 PMCID: PMC11389311 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage and wear can result in cartilage degeneration, ultimately culminating in osteoarthritis. Current surgical interventions offer limited capacity for cartilage tissue regeneration and offer only temporary alleviation of symptoms. Tissue engineering strategies are increasingly recognized as promising modalities for cartilage restoration. Currently, various biological scaffolds utilizing tissue engineering materials are extensively employed in both fundamental and clinical investigations of cartilage repair. In order to optimize the cartilage repair ability of tissue engineering scaffolds, researchers not only optimize the structure and properties of scaffolds from the perspective of materials science and manufacturing technology to enhance their histocompatibility, but also adopt strategies such as loading cells, cytokines, and drugs to promote cartilage formation. This review provides an overview of contemporary tissue engineering strategies employed in cartilage repair, as well as a synthesis of existing preclinical and clinical research. Furthermore, the obstacles faced in the translation of tissue engineering strategies to clinical practice are discussed, offering valuable guidance for researchers seeking to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui, 741000, China
| | - Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Changshun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No.82, Cuyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Cui M, Sun Y, Zhang X, Yang P, Jiang W. Osteochondral tissue engineering in translational practice: histological assessments and scoring systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1434323. [PMID: 39157444 PMCID: PMC11327087 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1434323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions are common pathological alterations in synovial joints. Different techniques have been designed to achieve osteochondral repair, and tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts have shown the most promise. Histological assessments and related scoring systems are crucial for evaluating the quality of regenerated tissue, and the interpretation and comparison of various repair techniques require the establishment of a reliable and widely accepted histological method. To date, there is still no consensus on the type of histological assessment and scoring system that should be used for osteochondral repair. In this review, we summarize common osteochondral staining methods, discuss the criteria regarding high-quality histological images, and assess the current histological scoring systems for osteochondral regeneration. Safranin O/Fast green is the most widely used staining method for the cartilage layer, whereas Gomori and Van Gieson staining detect new bone formation. We suggest including the graft-host interface and more sections together with the basic histological information for images. An ideal scoring system should analyze both the cartilage and bone regions, especially for the subchondral bone plate. Furthermore, histological assessments should be performed over a longer period of time to minimize discrepancies caused by defect size and animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Cui
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | | | - Pengju Yang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Chen A, Wang W, Mao Z, He Y, Chen S, Liu G, Su J, Feng P, Shi Y, Yan C, Lu J. Multimaterial 3D and 4D Bioprinting of Heterogenous Constructs for Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307686. [PMID: 37737521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the principle of layer-by-layer shaping and stacking of discrete materials, has shown significant benefits in the fabrication of complicated implants for tissue engineering (TE). However, many native tissues exhibit anisotropic heterogenous constructs with diverse components and functions. Consequently, the replication of complicated biomimetic constructs using conventional AM processes based on a single material is challenging. Multimaterial 3D and 4D bioprinting (with time as the fourth dimension) has emerged as a promising solution for constructing multifunctional implants with heterogenous constructs that can mimic the host microenvironment better than single-material alternatives. Notably, 4D-printed multimaterial implants with biomimetic heterogenous architectures can provide a time-dependent programmable dynamic microenvironment that can promote cell activity and tissue regeneration in response to external stimuli. This paper first presents the typical design strategies of biomimetic heterogenous constructs in TE applications. Subsequently, the latest processes in the multimaterial 3D and 4D bioprinting of heterogenous tissue constructs are discussed, along with their advantages and challenges. In particular, the potential of multimaterial 4D bioprinting of smart multifunctional tissue constructs is highlighted. Furthermore, this review provides insights into how multimaterial 3D and 4D bioprinting can facilitate the realization of next-generation TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annan Chen
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wanying Wang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhengyi Mao
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Yunhu He
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Shiting Chen
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Jin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518045, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research, Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Chen H, Huang J, Li X, Zhao W, Hua Y, Song Z, Wang X, Guo Z, Zhou G, Ren W, Sun Y. Trilayered biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds with dual-differential microenvironment for articular osteochondral defect repair. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101051. [PMID: 38633867 PMCID: PMC11021956 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Commonly, articular osteochondral tissue exists significant differences in physiological architecture, mechanical function, and biological microenvironment. However, the development of biomimetic scaffolds incorporating upper cartilage, middle tidemark-like, and lower subchondral bone layers for precise articular osteochondral repair remains elusive. This study proposed here a novel strategy to construct the trilayered biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds with dual-differential microenvironment of both mechanical and biological factors. The cartilage-specific microenvironment was achieved through the grafting of kartogenin (KGN) into gelatin via p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPA)-based enzyme crosslinking reaction as the upper cartilage layer. The bone-specific microenvironment was achieved through the grafting of atorvastatin (AT) into gelatin via dual-crosslinked network of both HP-based enzyme crosslinking and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-based photo-crosslinking reactions as the lower subchondral bone layer. The introduction of tidemark-like middle layer is conducive to the formation of well-defined cartilage-bone integrated architecture. The in vitro experiments demonstrated the significant mechanical difference of three layers, successful grafting of drugs, good cytocompatibility and tissue-specific induced function. The results of in vivo experiments also confirmed the mechanical difference of the trilayered bionic scaffold and the ability of inducing osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Furthermore, the articular osteochondral defects were successfully repaired using the trilayered biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds by the activation of endogenous recovery, which offers a promising alternative for future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Xinxiang Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical and Protective Products, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration in Henan Province of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinyi Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Xinxiang Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical and Protective Products, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yujie Hua
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Xinxiang Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical and Protective Products, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration in Henan Province of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration in Henan Province of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Xinxiang Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical and Protective Products, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration in Henan Province of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yongkun Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Xinxiang Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical and Protective Products, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration in Henan Province of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
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5
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Rizzo R, Bonato A, Fisch P, Ponta S, Weber DM, Zenobi-Wong M. FLight Biofabrication Supports Maturation of Articular Cartilage with Anisotropic Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302179. [PMID: 37867457 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches that recapitulate cartilage biomechanical properties are emerging as promising methods to restore the function of injured or degenerated tissue. However, despite significant progress in this research area, the generation of engineered cartilage constructs akin to native counterparts still represents an unmet challenge. In particular, the inability to accurately reproduce cartilage zonal architecture with different collagen fibril orientations is a significant limitation. The arrangement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in determining the mechanical and biological functions of the tissue. In this study, it is shown that a novel light-based approach, Filamented Light (FLight) biofabrication, can be used to generate highly porous, 3D cell-instructive anisotropic constructs that lead to directional collagen deposition. Using a photoclick-based photoresin optimized for cartilage tissue engineering, a significantly improved maturation of the cartilaginous tissues with zonal architecture and remarkable native-like mechanical properties is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Bonato
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ponta
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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6
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Salinas-Fernandez S, Garcia O, Kelly DJ, Buckley CT. The influence of pH and salt concentration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of meniscus extracellular matrix-derived implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:359-372. [PMID: 37921203 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Meniscus-related injuries are a common orthopedic challenge with an increasing incidence in the population. While the preservation of viable meniscal tissue is the preferred approach in repair strategies, complex or total traumatic lesions may require alternative therapeutic approaches such as meniscal reconstruction using allografts or engineered equivalents. Although clinical studies suggest promising outcomes with the use of acellular implants, further development is needed to improve their biological and mechanical requirements. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from menisci is a promising biomaterial for meniscus tissue engineering due to its recapitulation of the native tissue environment and the maintenance of tissue-specific cues. However, the associated mechanical limitations of dECM-derived scaffolds frequently impedes their adoption, requiring additional reinforcement or combining with stiffer biomaterials to increase their load-bearing properties. In this study, decellularized extracellular matrix was extracted and its fibrillation was controlled by adjusting both pH and salt concentrations to fabricate mechanically functional meniscal tissue equivalents. The effect of collagen fibrillation on the mechanical properties of the dECM constructs was assessed, and porcine-derived fibrochondrocytes were used to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility. It was also possible to fabricate meniscus-shaped implants by casting of the dECM and to render the implants suitable for off-the-shelf use by adopting a freeze-drying preservation method. Suture pull-out tests were also performed to assess the feasibility of using existing surgical methods to fix such implants within a damaged meniscus. This study highlights the potential of utilizing ECM-derived materials for meniscal tissue substitutes that closely mimic the mechanical and biological properties of native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Salinas-Fernandez
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orquidea Garcia
- Johnson & Johnson 3D Printing Innovation & Customer Solutions, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Conor T Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Chang CT, Huang CH. Effects of various cross-linked collagen scaffolds on wound healing in rats model by deep-learning CNN. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38357717 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2315141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Scar tissue is connective tissue formed on the wound during the wound-healing process. The most significant distinction between scar tissue and normal tissue is the appearance of covalent cross-linking and the amount of collagen fibers in the tissue. This study investigates the efficacy of four types of collagen scaffolds in promoting wound healing and regeneration in a Sprague-Dawley murine model-the histomorphology analysis of collagen scaffolds and developing a deep learning model for accurate tissue classification. Four female rats (n = 24) groups received collagen scaffolds prepared through physical and chemical crosslinking. Wound healing progress was evaluated by monitoring granulation tissue formation, collagen matrix organization, and collagen fiber deposition, with histological scoring for quantification-the EDC and HA groups demonstrated enhanced tissue regeneration. The EDC and HA groups observed significant differences in wound regeneration outcomes. Deep-learning CNN models with data augmentation techniques were used for image analysis to enhance objectivity. The CNN architecture featured pre-trained VGG16 layers and global average pooling (GAP) layers. Feature visualization using Grad-CAM heatmaps provided insights into the neural network's focus on specific wound features. The model's AUC score of 0.982 attests to its precision. In summary, collagen scaffolds can promote wound healing in mice, and the deep learning image analysis method we proposed may be a new method for wound healing assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tsung Chang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Guishan, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Sriram M, Priya S, Mahajan A, Katti DS. Directing ligament-mimetic bi-directional cell organization in scaffolds through zone-specific microarchitecture for ligament tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025015. [PMID: 38277689 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ligament tissues exhibit zone-specific anisotropic cell organization. The cells in ligament-proper are longitudinally oriented, whereas, the cells in epiligament are circumferentially oriented. Therefore, scaffolds developed to regenerate ligament tissues should possess adequate architectural features to govern ligament-mimetic bi-directional cell organization. The scaffold architectural features along with ligament-mimetic cell organization may ultimately yield neo-tissues with ligament-like extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and biomechanical properties. Towards this goal, we fabricated a silk/gelatin-based core-shell scaffold (csSG) with zone-specific anisotropic architectural features, wherein, the core of the scaffold possessed longitudinally aligned pores while the shell of the scaffold possessed parallel microgrooves that are aligned circumferentially around the surface of the scaffold. The ligament-mimetic architectural features significantly improved the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Moreover, architectural features of the csSG scaffold governed zone-specific anisotropic organization of cells. The cells in the core were longitudinally oriented as observed in the ligament-proper and the cells on the shell were circumferentially oriented as observed in epiligament. This bi-directional cell orientation partially mimicked the complex cellular network in native ligament tissue. Additionally, both the core and the shell individually supported fibrogenic differentiation of stem cells which further improved their potential for ligament tissue engineering. Further, the aligned pores of the core could govern unidirectional organization of ECM deposited by cells which is crucial for regenerating anisotropic tissues like ligaments. Finally, when implanted subcutaneously in mice, the scaffolds retained their anisotropic architecture for at least 2 weeks, were biocompatible, supported cell infiltration and governed anisotropic organization of cells and ECM. Taken together, the fabricated biomimetic csSG scaffold, through its zone-specific architectural features, could govern ligament-mimetic cellular and ECM organization which is ultimately expected to achieve regeneration of ligament tissues with native-like hierarchical structure and biomechanical properties. Consequently, this study introduces bi-directional structural parameters as design criteria for developing scaffolds for ligament tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sriram
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Liu H, Pan W, Liu H, Xie D, Liao L. Biomimetic cryogel promotes the repair of osteoporotic bone defects through altering the ROS niche via down-regulating the ROMO1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128481. [PMID: 38042316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that is prone to fractures due to decreased bone density and bone quality, and delayed union or nonunion often occurs in osteoporotic fractures. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop tissue engineering materials to promote osteoporotic fracture healing. In this study, a series of biomimetic cryogels prepared from the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), methacrylate gelatin (GelMA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) via unidirectional freezing, photo- and genipin crosslinking were applied for the regeneration of osteoporotic fractures. Specifically, dECM extracted from normal or osteoporotic rats was applied for the preparation of the cryogels, named as GC-Normal dECM or GC-OVX dECM, respectively. It was verified that the GC-Normal dECM demonstrated superior performance in promoting the proliferation of BMSCs isolated from osteoporotic rats (OVX-BMSCs), and the differentiation of OVX-BMSCs into osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing and further verifications confirmed that GC-Normal dECM cryogel could scavenge the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OVX-BMSCs to accelerate the regeneration of osteoporotic fracture by down-regulating the reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1). The results indicated that by regulating the ROS niche of OVX-BMSCs, biomimetic the GC-Normal dECM cryogel was expected to be a clinical candidate for repairing osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Weilun Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Denghui Xie
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
| | - Liqiong Liao
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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10
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Gu Y, Zou Y, Huang Y, Liang R, Wu Y, Hu Y, Hong Y, Zhang X, Toh YC, Ouyang H, Zhang S. 3D-printed biomimetic scaffolds with precisely controlled and tunable structures guide cell migration and promote regeneration of osteochondral defect. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015003. [PMID: 37797606 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Untreated osteochondral defects will develop into osteoarthritis, affecting patients' quality of life. Since articular cartilage and subchondral bone exhibit distinct biological characteristics, repairing osteochondral defects remains a major challenge. Previous studies have tried to fabricate multilayer scaffolds with traditional methods or 3D printing technology. However, the efficacy is unsatisfactory because of poor control over internal structures or a lack of integrity between adjacent layers, severely compromising repair outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for a biomimetic scaffold that can simultaneously boost osteochondral defect regeneration in both structure and function. Herein, an integrated bilayer scaffold with precisely controlled structures is successfully 3D-printed in one step via digital light processing (DLP) technology. The upper layer has both 'lotus- and radial-' distribution pores, and the bottom layer has 'lotus-' pores to guide and facilitate the migration of chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, to the defect area. Tuning pore sizes could modulate the mechanical properties of scaffolds easily. Results show that 3D-printed porous structures allow significantly more cells to infiltrate into the area of 'lotus- and radial-' distribution pores during cell migration assay, subcutaneous implantation, andin situtransplantation, which are essential for osteochondral repair. Transplantation of this 3D-printed bilayer scaffold exhibits a promising osteochondral repair effect in rabbits. Incorporation of Kartogenin into the upper layer of scaffolds further induces better cartilage formation. Combining small molecules/drugs and precisely size-controlled and layer-specific porous structure via DLP technology, this 3D-printed bilayer scaffold is expected to be a potential strategy for osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Gu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Zou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li Q, Yu H, Zhao F, Cao C, Wu T, Fan Y, Ao Y, Hu X. 3D Printing of Microenvironment-Specific Bioinspired and Exosome-Reinforced Hydrogel Scaffolds for Efficient Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303650. [PMID: 37424038 PMCID: PMC10502685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, repairing osteochondral defects presents a challenge due to the varying biological properties of articular cartilages and subchondral bones. Thus, elucidating how spatial microenvironment-specific biomimetic scaffolds can be used to simultaneously regenerate osteochondral tissue is an important research topic. Herein, a novel bioinspired double-network hydrogel scaffold produced via 3D printing with tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and human adipose mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes is described. The bionic hydrogel scaffolds promote rat bone marrow MSC attachment, spread, migration, proliferation, and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, as determined based on the sustained release of bioactive exosomes. Furthermore, the 3D-printed microenvironment-specific heterogeneous bilayer scaffolds efficiently accelerate the simultaneous regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone tissues in a rat preclinical model. In conclusion, 3D dECM-based microenvironment-specific biomimetics encapsulated with bioactive exosomes can serve as a novel cell-free recipe for stem cell therapy when treating injured or degenerative joints. This strategy provides a promising platform for complex zonal tissue regeneration whilst holding attractive clinical translation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
- Center of Foot and Ankle SurgeryBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100730China
| | - Huilei Yu
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Fengyuan Zhao
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Yifei Fan
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Sports MedicineInstitute of Sports Medicine of Peking UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
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12
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Sun Q, Zhuang Z, Bai R, Deng J, Xin T, Zhang Y, Li Q, Han B. Lysine 68 Methylation-Dependent SOX9 Stability Control Modulates Chondrogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206757. [PMID: 37386801 PMCID: PMC10460901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized by easy availability, multi-lineage differentiation ability, and high proliferation ability, are ideal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying chondrogenesis in DPSCs remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that KDM3A and G9A, an antagonistic pair of histone-modifying enzymes, bidirectionally regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by controlling SOX9 (sex-determining region Y-type high-mobility group box protein 9) degradation through lysine methylation. Transcriptomics analysis reveals that KDM3A is significantly upregulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses further indicate that KDM3A promotes chondrogenesis in DPSCs by boosting the SOX9 protein level, while G9A hinders the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by reducing the SOX9 protein level. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicate that KDM3A attenuates the ubiquitination of SOX9 by demethylating lysine (K) 68 residue, which in turn enhances SOX9 stability. Reciprocally, G9A facilitates SOX9 degradation by methylating K68 residue to increase the ubiquitination of SOX9. Meanwhile, BIX-01294 as a highly specific G9A inhibitor significantly induces the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These findings provide a theoretical basis to ameliorate the clinical use of DPSCs in cartilage tissue-engineering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Sun
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Zimeng Zhuang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Rushui Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Tianyi Xin
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
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13
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Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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14
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Johnston A, Callanan A. Recent Methods for Modifying Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:205. [PMID: 37218791 PMCID: PMC10204517 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure. The purpose of this review is to examine the means by which researchers have altered the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered constructs via hybrid material usage, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications. A subset of these studies which has investigated the function of their constructs in vivo is also presented, followed by an examination of various tissue-engineered designs which have been clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK;
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15
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Barceló X, Eichholz KF, Gonçalves IF, Garcia O, Kelly DJ. Bioprinting of structurally organized meniscal tissue within anisotropic melt electrowritten scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:216-227. [PMID: 36638941 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The meniscus is characterised by an anisotropic collagen fibre network which is integral to its biomechanical functionality. The engineering of structurally organized meniscal grafts that mimic the anisotropy of the native tissue remains a significant challenge. In this study, inkjet bioprinting was used to deposit a cell-laden bioink into additively manufactured scaffolds of differing architectures to engineer fibrocartilage grafts with user defined collagen architectures. Polymeric scaffolds consisting of guiding fibre networks with varying aspect ratios (1:1; 1:4; 1:16) were produced using either fused deposition modelling (FDM) or melt electrowriting (MEW), resulting in scaffolds with different internal architectures and fibre diameters. Scaffold architecture was found to influence the spatial organization of the collagen network laid down by the jetted cells, with higher aspect ratios (1:4 and 1:16) supporting the formation of structurally anisotropic tissues. The MEW scaffolds supported the development of a fibrocartilaginous tissue with compressive mechanical properties similar to that of native meniscus, while the anisotropic tensile properties of these constructs could be tuned by altering the fibre network aspect ratio. This MEW framework was then used to generate scaffolds with spatially distinct fibre patterns, which in turn supported the development of heterogenous tissues consisting of isotropic and anisotropic collagen networks. Such bioprinted tissues could potentially form the basis of new treatment options for damaged and diseased meniscal tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes a multiple tool biofabrication strategy which enables the engineering of spatially organized fibrocartilage tissues. The architecture of MEW scaffolds can be tailored to not only modulate the directionality of the collagen fibres laid down by cells, but also to tune the anisotropic tensile mechanical properties of the resulting constructs, thereby enabling the engineering of biomimetic meniscal-like tissues. Furthermore, the inherent flexibility of MEW enables the development of zonally defined and potentially patient-specific implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Barceló
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, & Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 F6N2, Ireland
| | - Kian F Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, & Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 F6N2, Ireland
| | - Inês F Gonçalves
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, & Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 F6N2, Ireland
| | - Orquidea Garcia
- Johnson & Johnson 3D Printing Innovation & Customer Solutions, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, & Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland; Advanced Materials & Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 F6N2, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.
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16
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Díaz-Payno PJ, Kalogeropoulou M, Muntz I, Kingma E, Kops N, D'Este M, Koenderink GH, Fratila-Apachitei LE, van Osch GJVM, Zadpoor AA. Swelling-Dependent Shape-Based Transformation of a Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Laden 4D Bioprinted Construct for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201891. [PMID: 36308047 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is usually implemented on flat surfaces, posing serious limitations in the fabrication of multilayered curved constructs. 4D bioprinting, combining 3D bioprinting with time-dependent stimuli-induced transformation, enables the fabrication of shape-changing constructs. Here, a 4D biofabrication method is reported for cartilage engineering based on the differential swelling of a smart multi-material system made from two hydrogel-based materials: hyaluronan and alginate. Two ink formulations are used: tyramine-functionalized hyaluronan (HAT, high-swelling) and alginate with HAT (AHAT, low-swelling). Both inks have similar elastic, shear-thinning, and printability behavior. The inks are 3D printed into a bilayered scaffold before triggering the shape-change by using liquid immersion as stimulus. In time (4D), the differential swelling between the two zones leads to the scaffold's self-bending. Different designs are made to tune the radius of curvature and shape. A bioprinted formulation of AHAT and human bone marrow cells demonstrates high cell viability. After 28 days in chondrogenic medium, the curvature is clearly present while cartilage-like matrix production is visible on histology. A proof-of-concept of the recently emerged technology of 4D bioprinting with a specific application for the design of curved structures potentially mimicking the curvature and multilayer cellular nature of native cartilage is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Díaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - Maria Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Iain Muntz
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Esther Kingma
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - Matteo D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
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17
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Browe DC, Burdis R, Díaz-Payno PJ, Freeman FE, Nulty JM, Buckley CT, Brama PA, Kelly DJ. Promoting endogenous articular cartilage regeneration using extracellular matrix scaffolds. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100343. [PMID: 35865410 PMCID: PMC9294195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects fail to heal spontaneously, typically progressing to osteoarthritis. Bone marrow stimulation techniques such as microfracture (MFX) are the current surgical standard of care; however MFX typically produces an inferior fibro-cartilaginous tissue which provides only temporary symptomatic relief. Here we implanted solubilised articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) derived scaffolds into critically sized chondral defects in goats, securely anchoring these implants to the joint surface using a 3D-printed fixation device that overcame the need for sutures or glues. In vitro these ECM scaffolds were found to be inherently chondro-inductive, while in vivo they promoted superior articular cartilage regeneration compared to microfracture. In an attempt to further improve the quality of repair, we loaded these scaffolds with a known chemotactic factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3. In vivo such TGF-β3 loaded scaffolds promoted superior articular cartilage regeneration. This study demonstrates that ECM derived biomaterials, either alone and particularly when combined with exogenous growth factors, can successfully treat articular cartilage defects in a clinically relevant large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Browe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro J. Díaz-Payno
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona E. Freeman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Engineering in Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jessica M. Nulty
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter A.J. Brama
- Section of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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McInnes AD, Moser MAJ, Chen X. Preparation and Use of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040240. [PMID: 36412881 PMCID: PMC9680265 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have the potential to revolutionize the practise of medicine through the abilities to repair, regenerate, or replace tissues and organs with functional engineered constructs. To this end, tissue engineering combines scaffolding materials with cells and biologically active molecules into constructs with the appropriate structures and properties for tissue/organ regeneration, where scaffolding materials and biomolecules are the keys to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For this, one emerging way is to decellularize the native ECM into the materials suitable for, directly or in combination with other materials, creating functional constructs. Over the past decade, decellularized ECM (or dECM) has greatly facilitated the advance of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, while being challenged in many ways. This article reviews the recent development of dECM for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with a focus on the preparation of dECM along with its influence on cell culture, the modification of dECM for use as a scaffolding material, and the novel techniques and emerging trends in processing dECM into functional constructs. We highlight the success of dECM and constructs in the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications and further identify the key issues and challenges involved, along with a discussion of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. McInnes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-5435
| | - Michael A. J. Moser
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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19
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Gao C, Fu L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Cai Q. Strategy of a cell-derived extracellular matrix for the construction of an osteochondral interlayer. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6472-6485. [PMID: 36173310 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01230h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge due to the lack of an effective repair strategy. To tackle this issue, the importance of a calcified cartilage interlayer (CCL) in modulating osteochondral regeneration should be valued. Herein, we proposed that an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a suitable cell source might efficiently promote the formation of calcified cartilage. To the end, cell sheets from four kinds of cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3), chondrocytes (Cho), and artificially induced hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCho), were obtained by seeding the cells on electrospun fibrous meshes, followed by decellularization to prepare decellularized ECMs (D-ECMs) for BMSC re-seeding and differentiation studies. For cell proliferation, the BMSC-derived D-ECM exhibited the strongest promotion effect. For inducing the hypertrophic phenotype of re-seeded BMSCs, both the BMSC-derived and HCho-derived D-ECMs demonstrated stronger capacity in up-regulating the depositions of related proteins and the expressions of marker genes, as compared to the MC3T3-derived and Cho-derived D-ECMs. Accordingly, from the histological results of their subcutaneous implantation in rats, both the BMSC-derived and HCho-derived D-ECMs displayed obvious Masson's trichrome and Safranin-O/Fast-Green staining colors simultaneously, representing the characteristics related to osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Differently, MC3T3-derived and Cho-derived D-ECMs were mainly detected during the osteogenic or chondrogenic expression, respectively. These findings confirmed that the BMSC-derived D-ECM could induce hypertrophic chondrocytes, though being a little inferior to the HCho-derived D-ECM. Overall, the BMSC-derived D-ECM could be a potential material in constructing the interlayer for osteochondral tissue engineering scaffolds to improve the regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. .,Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Translating Material Science into Bone Regenerative Medicine Applications: State-of-The Art Methods and Protocols. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169493. [PMID: 36012749 PMCID: PMC9409266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, bone regenerative research has experienced exponential growth thanks to the discovery of new nanomaterials and improved manufacturing technologies that have emerged in the biomedical field. This revolution demands standardization of methods employed for biomaterials characterization in order to achieve comparable, interoperable, and reproducible results. The exploited methods for characterization span from biophysics and biochemical techniques, including microscopy and spectroscopy, functional assays for biological properties, and molecular profiling. This review aims to provide scholars with a rapid handbook collecting multidisciplinary methods for bone substitute R&D and validation, getting sources from an up-to-date and comprehensive examination of the scientific landscape.
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21
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Spatial patterning of phenotypically distinct microtissues to engineer osteochondral grafts for biological joint resurfacing. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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