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Kara B, Selcuk B. The role of cumulative risk and armed conflict exposure in adolescent psychological symptoms in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:339-351. [PMID: 38581171 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to risk factors and adversity may cause immediate, and sometimes prolonged, psychological symptoms in adolescents. Identifying universal and specific risk factors in a particular context and examining their cumulative effects is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying psychological symptoms and informing about strategies for intervention. Using concurrent measures, the current study aimed to examine the role of armed conflict experiences and cumulation of other risk factors (e.g., maternal psychological symptoms, socioeconomic indicators) in predicting adolescent psychological symptoms in an underresearched community. The sample included 161 adolescents (54.7% female) aged 11-14 years (M = 12.36, SD = 1.27) and their mothers living in the east of Turkey. The cumulative risk index was calculated by summing the standardized scores of the corresponding factors. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms among adolescents by introducing demographic variables (age, gender) in the first step, armed conflict experiences and cumulative risk in the second step, and their interaction in the final step. Results showed that the levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were predicted by gender, armed conflict experience and cumulative risk. Being a girl was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms and lower levels of externalizing symptoms. Higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were predicted by exposure to armed and cumulative risk. After controlling for other factors, the interaction of armed conflict experience and cumulative risk significantly predicted externalizing, but not internalizing symptoms. These findings suggested that cumulative risk was a stronger predictor of psychological symptoms, and further amplified the strength of the association between armed conflict experiences and externalizing symptoms. These findings can be used in the formulation of intervention strategies and policies to promote psychological well-being in adolescents living in armed conflict zones under multiple risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Kara
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bilge Selcuk
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jakobsen AL. Long-term association between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation in early childhood and perceived stress in early adulthood: a multilevel cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:447-453. [PMID: 37185381 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is related to mental health problems, with chronic stress responses as one possible biopsychological pathway; however, less is known about the possible long-term effects of neighbourhood deprivation throughout the life course. The aim of this study was to examine the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation in early childhood and perceived stress in early adulthood. METHODS Data from the, Danish National Health Survey 2017 in which Cohen's 10-item Perceived Stress Scale was measured (range 0-40) were used to follow a cohort consisting of all survey respondents aged 20-24 years born between 1992 and 1996. The respondents were linked to Danish register data, including data on the parent(s) with whom the respondents lived, to measure family-level socioeconomic characteristics, parental mental health problems and neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation at age 3 for each respondent. Furthermore, the respondents were linked to georeferenced neighbourhoods. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation at age 3 and perceived stress at age 20-24. RESULTS A 1 SD increase in neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation in early childhood was associated with a 0.59-point increase in perceived stress in early adulthood (95% CI 0.41 to 0.77). The association was attenuated but remained statistically significant after controlling for individual and family characteristics and neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation in early adulthood (coef 0.26, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.46). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that children growing up in more socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods may be prone to higher levels of perceived stress later in life.
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Behnsen P, van Lier P, Levavi K, Marieke Buil J, Huizink A, Koot S, Atzaba‐Poria N. The potential moderating role of living in a conflict area on the link between classroom psychosocial stressors, perceived stress and change in anxiety symptoms in Israeli school children. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12092. [PMID: 37431421 PMCID: PMC10242888 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived stress associated with relational victimization from peers and conflictual relations with the teacher have been linked with the development of anxiety symptoms in children. Living in conditions of ongoing stress from the broader environment has also been related to anxiety symptoms in children. In this study, we examined (a) the indirect effect between classroom psychosocial stressors (i.e., relational victimization and conflictual relationships with teachers), perceived stress and anxiety symptom development, and (b) whether this indirect effect was stronger for children living in a high threat region than for children living in a lower threat region. Methods Children participating in the study attended elementary school either in a high threat of armed conflict region (15 s to hide in bomb shelter when alarm sounds, n = 220) or in a lower threat of armed conflict region (60 s to hide in a bomb shelter when alarm sounds, n = 188) in Israel. Children were first assessed on conflictual relationships with teachers and peers, subjectively perceived stress and anxiety in 2017 (T 0; M age = 10.61 years, SD = 0.78; 45% boys) and re-assessed (T 1) 1 year later, in 2018. Results Perceived stress mediated the association between classroom psychosocial stressors and anxiety development. No moderation by threat-region was found in this indirect effect. However, the association between perceived stress and anxiety development was only significant for children in the high threat region. Conclusion Our study suggests that threat of war conflict amplifies the association between perceived stress and the development of anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Behnsen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyVrije University AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pol van Lier
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyVrije University AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kinneret Levavi
- Department of PsychologyBen Gurion University of the NegevBe'er ShevaIsrael
| | - Joanne Marieke Buil
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyVrije University AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anja Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyVrije University AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne Koot
- Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Naama Atzaba‐Poria
- Department of PsychologyBen Gurion University of the NegevBe'er ShevaIsrael
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Long-term Neighborhood Effects on Adolescent Outcomes: Mediated through Adverse Childhood Experiences and Parenting Stress. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:2160-2173. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li JB, Willems YE, Stok FM, Deković M, Bartels M, Finkenauer C. Parenting and Self-Control Across Early to Late Adolescence: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:967-1005. [PMID: 31491364 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619863046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-control plays a significant role in positive youth development. Although numerous self-control challenges occur during adolescence, some adolescents control themselves better than others. Parenting is considered a critical factor that distinguishes adolescents with good self-control from those with poor self-control, but existing findings are inconsistent. This meta-analysis summarizes the overall relationship between parenting and self-control among adolescents aged 10 to 22 years. The analysis includes 191 articles reporting 1,540 effect sizes (N = 164,459). The results show that parenting is associated with adolescents' self-control both concurrently (r = .204, p < .001) and longitudinally (r = .157, p < .001). Longitudinal studies also reveal that adolescents' self-control influences subsequent parenting (r = .155, p < .001). Moderator analyses show that the effect sizes are largely invariant across cultures, ethnicities, age of adolescents, and parent and youth gender. Our results point to the importance of parenting in individual differences in adolescent self-control and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong.,Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong
| | - Yayouk E Willems
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.,Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University
| | - F Marijn Stok
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.,Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Park Y, Seo DG, Park J, Kim B, Choi J. The influence of behavioral and emotional characteristics on academic achievement of middle school students: A growth modeling approach. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034319853010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between behavioral and emotional characteristics and middle school student achievement across different grades based on a growth modeling approach. Using a total of 1,874 students, target predictor variables (i.e., attention, aggressiveness, behavioral control, social withdrawal, depression, self-esteem) and dependent variables (i.e., Korean language arts, mathematics) were extracted from a national and longitudinal data set, and four predictor models were formulated to examine the influence of behavioral/emotional characteristics on student growth trajectories. Results showed that (a) students' initial performance at seventh grade did not predict their over-time growth; and (b) self-esteem and behavioral control variables impacted on the seventh graders' achievement as well as their growth from the seventh to ninth grade. Based on the findings, practical implications and future research are discussed.
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Kim Y, Lee S, Jung H, Jaime J, Cubbin C. Is neighborhood poverty harmful to every child? Neighborhood poverty, family poverty, and behavioral problems among young children. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:594-610. [PMID: 30417383 PMCID: PMC6652175 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigates the association between neighborhood poverty and behavioral problems among young children. This study also examines whether social environments mediate the relationship between neighborhood poverty and behavioral problems. We used data from the third and fourth waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study to assess behavioral problems separately for children who experienced no family poverty, moved out of family poverty, moved into family poverty, and experienced long-term family poverty. Regression models assessed the effect of neighborhood poverty on behavioral problem outcomes among children aged 5 years, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and earlier behavioral problems. Results showed an association between neighborhood poverty and lower social cohesion and safety, which lead to greater externalizing problems among children with long-term family poverty living in high-poverty neighborhoods compared with those in low-poverty neighborhoods. Policies and community resources need to be allocated to improve neighborhood social environments, particularly for poor children in high-poverty neighborhoods.
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Willems YE, Li JB, Hendriks AM, Bartels M, Finkenauer C. The Relationship between Family Violence and Self-Control in Adolescence: A Multi-Level Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2468. [PMID: 30400653 PMCID: PMC6265739 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical studies propose an association between family violence and low self-control in adolescence; however, empirical findings of this association are inconclusive. The aim of the present research was to systematically summarize available findings on the relation between family violence and self-control across adolescence. We included 28 studies with 143 effect sizes, representing more than 25,000 participants of eight countries from early to late adolescence. Applying a three-level meta-analysis, taking dependency between effect sizes into account while retaining statistical power, we examined the magnitude and direction of the overall effect size. Additionally, we investigated whether theoretical moderators (e.g., age, gender, country), and methodological moderators (e.g., time lag between family violence and self-control, informant) influenced the magnitude of the association between family violence and self-control. Our results revealed that family violence and self-control have a small to moderate significant negative association (r = -0.191). This association did not vary across gender, country, and informants. The strength of the association, however, decreased with age and in longitudinal studies. This finding provides evidence that researchers and clinicians may expect low self-control in the wake of family violence, especially in early adolescence. Recommendations for future research in the area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayouk E Willems
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Universiteit Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- Center for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anne M Hendriks
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Neuroscience Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Universiteit Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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