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Peckins MK, Negriff S, Gordis EB, Zhen A, Susman EJ. Maltreatment type differences in cortisol stress response trajectories across adolescence. Child Dev 2024; 95:1092-1108. [PMID: 38115174 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examined cortisol stress response trajectories across adolescence in 454 maltreated and comparison youth recruited from Los Angeles County between 2002 and 2005 (66.7% maltreated; 46.7% girls; 39.0% Latino; 37.7% Black; 12.3% Mixed or Biracial; 11.0% White; Mage = 10.9 years, SD = 1.2). Adolescents' peak activation and cortisol reactivity and recovery slopes following the Trier Social Stress Test for Children were calculated at four waves, then used to model peak activation and cortisol reactivity and recovery trajectories arrayed by age. Maltreated youth had blunted cortisol reactivity at age 9 relative to comparison youth (b = -.19, p = .02). Sexually and physically abused youth showed blunted cortisol reactivity and recovery trajectories relative to emotionally abused and neglected youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Peckins
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Elana B Gordis
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anna Zhen
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Susman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu H, Guo C. Gender Differences in Negative Life Events, Present-Moment Awareness, Problem-Solving, and Perceived Stress Among Rural Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01718-x. [PMID: 38904855 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Drawing on the stressor-perception-coping-response model of stress, this study examined the associations between negative life events, present-moment awareness, problem-solving, and perceived stress among rural adolescents, focusing specifically on gender differences. Using a cross-sectional design, 3519 Chinese rural adolescents completed measures assessing negative life events, present-moment awareness, problem-solving, and perceived stress. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized serial mediation model. The results revealed a positive association between negative life events and perceived stress in rural adolescents, which was serially mediated by present-moment awareness and problem-solving. Furthermore, significant gender differences were observed. Specifically, girls exhibited larger effects than boys in the overall effect of negative life events on perceived stress, the indirect effect of present-moment awareness, and the serial mediating effect. These findings suggest that present-moment awareness and problem-solving may serve as crucial mechanisms for understanding rural adolescents' perceived stress in response to negative life events, particularly among female rural adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Yibin Research Institute of Southwest University, Yibin, 644005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Chen C, Liu P, Wu F, Wang H, Chen S, Zhang Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Chen Q. Factors associated with test anxiety among adolescents in Shenzhen, China. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:123-130. [PMID: 36427651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among adolescents and may have long-term negative consequences on their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of test anxiety and its related attributing factors among adolescents in Shenzhen, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 18, 2020 to January 12, 2021 in Shenzhen, China. Test anxiety symptoms were measured by using the Test Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess test anxiety and risk factors. RESULTS In total, 7047 students aged 10 to 19 were included for this survey. The prevalence of test anxiety was found to be 46.7 %. In multivariate analysis, gender, age, frequency of feeling lonely, parents' marital status, family functioning, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, academic performance level, relationship with classmates, school bullying and Internet addiction were positive related to test anxiety. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional design limits the establishment of causal relationships. Reporting bias and recalling bias may be possible. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that a significant number of adolescents in Shenzhen had test anxiety symptoms. Also, we found some risk factors, which might help to provide new guidance of psychological interventions to promote adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong, China
| | - Weikang Huang
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueyun Wang
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Persistence of Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Study of Daily Life Stress, Rumination, and Daytime Sleepiness in a Genetically Informative Cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 25:115-128. [PMID: 35856184 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective study of mental health, we examine the influence of three interrelated traits - perceived stress, rumination, and daytime sleepiness - and their association with symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Given the known associations between these traits, an important objective is to determine the extent to which they may independently predict anxiety/depression symptoms. Twin pairs from the Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain (QTAB) project were assessed on two occasions (N = 211 pairs aged 9-14 years at baseline and 152 pairs aged 10-16 years at follow-up). Linear regression models and quantitative genetic modeling were used to analyze the data. Prospectively, perceived stress, rumination, and daytime sleepiness accounted for 8-11% of the variation in later anxiety/depression; familial influences contributed strongly to these associations. However, only perceived stress significantly predicted change in anxiety/depression, accounting for 3% of variance at follow-up after adjusting for anxiety/depression at baseline, although it did not do so independently of rumination and daytime sleepiness. Bidirectional effects were found between all traits over time. These findings suggest an underlying architecture that is shared, to some degree, by all traits, while the literature points to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or circadian systems as potential sources of overlapping influence and possible avenues for intervention.
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Erath SA, Pettit GS. Coping with Relationship Stress in Adolescence: A Decade in Review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1047-1067. [PMID: 34820959 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At a moment in history when stress levels among adolescents are high and coping capacities are taxed, it seems timely and important to review a decade's accomplishments in elucidating how, and with what effects, adolescents cope with relationship stress. We provide an update on research about coping with parent, peer, and romantic stress and discuss the effectiveness of coping strategies across cultures, developmental periods, and levels of social stress. We explore relations between coping and other automatic and reflective responses to stress and highlight innovations in lab-based and ambulatory assessments. We recommend studies of variability in the success of coping at different intensities of relationship stress and research with real-time and repeated assessments to capture the process of coping.
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Shafi RMA, Nakonezny PA, Miller KA, Desai J, Almorsy AG, Ligezka AN, Morath BA, Romanowicz M, Croarkin PE. Altered markers of stress in depressed adolescents after acute social media use. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:149-156. [PMID: 33592386 PMCID: PMC8009842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Social media use (SMU) is an inherent element in the daily life and neurodevelopment of adolescents, but broad concerns exist regarding the untoward effects of social media on adolescents. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study that sought to examine the acute effects of SMU on clinical measures and biomarkers of stress in healthy and depressed adolescents. After at least 24 h of abstinence from social media, depressed adolescents (n = 30) and healthy control adolescents (n = 30) underwent baseline clinical assessment of their prior SMU, depressive symptom severity, self-esteem, and exposure to bullying. Participants provided salivary samples that were analyzed for α-amylase and cortisol levels. After 20 min of unsupervised SMU, saliva analyses and clinical assessments were repeated. After 20 min of SMU, salivary cortisol and α-amylase levels were significantly higher in adolescents with depression but not in healthy control adolescents. Furthermore, small but statistically significant changes in depressive symptom severity occurred in all participants. These changes in depressive symptoms were not clinically meaningful. SMU did not significantly change self-esteem measures among participants. Adolescents with depression appeared to have more physiological reactivity after SMU compared with healthy adolescents. Further research should characterize SMU as a clinical dimension and risk factor among adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M A Shafi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul A Nakonezny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Keith A Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jinal Desai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ammar G Almorsy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anna N Ligezka
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke A Morath
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ajibewa TA, Adams TA, Gill AK, Mazin LE, Gerras JE, Hasson RE. Stress coping strategies and stress reactivity in adolescents with overweight/obesity. Stress Health 2021; 37:243-254. [PMID: 32978994 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the associations between the frequency and effectiveness of habitual stress coping strategies on physiological and psychological stress responses to an acute laboratory stressor in adolescents with overweight/obesity (51 adolescents; 47% female; ages 14-19 years). Coping strategies were assessed using the Schoolager's Coping Strategies Inventory. Acute physiological stress responses were measured as salivary cortisol and α-amylase output during the Trier Social Stress Test and during a control condition. Acute psychological stress was measured using a Likert-type scale, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate were measured at baseline. Results revealed that higher coping effectiveness was associated with lower log-based α-amylase during the stress (β = -0.025, p = 0.018) and control (β = -0.030, p = 0.005) conditions, but not with cortisol across either condition (all ps > 0.05). SBP moderated the association between coping effectiveness and α-amylase during the stress condition, with higher coping effectiveness associated with lower α-amylase only among individuals with lower SBP (β = 0.002, p = 0.027). Coping frequency was not associated with cortisol responses, neither was habitual stress coping strategies associated with psychological stress (all ps > 0.05). These findings provide preliminary evidence that effective use of stress coping strategies may provide a dampening effect on sympathetic activity in an at-risk adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiwaloluwa A Ajibewa
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tessa A Adams
- Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amaanat K Gill
- Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren E Mazin
- Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia E Gerras
- Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca E Hasson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ergin DA. The effects of perceived discrimination, social support and ethnic identity on mental health of immigrant adolescents. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2021; 9:127-136. [PMID: 37601164 PMCID: PMC10433709 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2021-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The number of immigrants has been increasing. Immigrant adolescents experience an acculturation process that affects particularly their ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and relationships with their peers, which would have significant impact on their mental health. The ethnic composition of social environments might affect this relationship. Objective: The main purpose of the current research is to examine the effect of peer attachment, social support, ethnic identity, and perceived discrimination on immigrant adolescents' mental health. Method: The sample included 226 Syrian immigrants (X¯ age = 13.31, SD=1.67, 70.8 % girls). Adolescents live in a homogenous social environment where proportion of Syrian is higher. Two hierarchical regression models were used to predict depression and emotional problems. In both models, the predictive roles of social and psychological factors were examined in separate steps. Results: The regression analysis results for depression emphasized peer attachment, social support, and ethnic identity did not affect the depression after controlling the effect of emotional problems. Similarly, regression analysis results for emotional problems showed that peer attachment, social support, and ethnic identity did not affect depression after controlling the effect of emotional problems. The results also revealed that perceived discrimination was a risk factor for both depression and emotional problems. Conclusions: The results underlined the importance of psychological variables on immigrant adolescents' depression. Past research emphasized that ethnic identity and peer support had a buffering effect on mental health. The current study participants were living in a different area where they attended schools for only immigrants. The social environment was totally different from the host culture. These reasons may account for why social support from ethnic peers and ethnic identity development did not emerge as a protective factor in the present study. The results will further be discussed in terms of the importance of interaction between ethnic and host culture.
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