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Ge S, Jia T, Shi J, Cao J, Sang S, Li J, Zhang B, Deng S. A cutting-edge 68Ga-labeled bicyclic peptide PET molecular probe for noninvasive assessment of Nectin4 expression. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107745. [PMID: 39213795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are huge challenges due to the lack of identifiable molecular targets. The high expression of Nectin4 in a variety of tumors, including TNBC, is associated with the occurrence, invasion, progression and poor prognosis of tumors. Therefore, Nectin4 is an emerging biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. A PET imaging method to non-invasively quantify Nectin4 expression levels may aid in TNBC diagnosis and classification. In this study, a novel bicyclic peptide molecular probe [68Ga]Ga-DN68 was used to evaluate the expression of Nectin4 in tumors. The radiolabeling rate of [68Ga]Ga-DN68 was over 97 %, while maintaining more than 99 % radiochemical purity. In vitro experiments showed that [68Ga]Ga-DN68 could effectively target Nectin4 in tumor cells, and the cellular uptake of MC38-Nectin4 cells (Nectin4+) was significantly higher than that of MC38 cells (Nectin4-). Biodistribution and PET imaging studies consistently showed that [68Ga]Ga-DN68 was specifically accumulated in MC38-Nectin4 and MDA-MB-468 tumors, which was significantly higher than that of MC38. When co-injected with cold DN68, the specific accumulation could block the tumor uptake of MDA-MB-468. Notably, the signal-to-noise ratio at the tumor site gradually increased over time, reaching a peak at 1 h. These results strongly suggest that [68Ga]Ga-DN68 has broad application prospects as a PET tracer in TNBC imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621099, China.
| | - Tongtong Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jinyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jinming Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shibiao Sang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jihui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621099, China.
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Taylor C, Patterson KM, Friedman D, Bacot SM, Feldman GM, Wang T. Mechanistic Insights into the Successful Development of Combination Therapy of Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3071. [PMID: 39272928 PMCID: PMC11393896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) consist of an antibody backbone that recognizes and binds to a target antigen expressed on tumor cells and a small molecule chemotherapy payload that is conjugated to the antibody via a linker. ADCs are one of the most promising therapeutic modalities for the treatment of various cancers. However, many patients have developed resistance to this form of therapy. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying an effective combination of ADCs with other types of anticancer therapies to potentially overcome this resistance. A recent clinical study demonstrated that a combination of the ADC enfortumab vedotin (EV) with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab can achieve remarkable clinical efficacy as the first-line therapy for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC)-leading to the first approval of a combination therapy of an ADC with an ICI for the treatment of cancer patients. In this review, we highlight knowledge and understanding gained from the successful development of EV and the combination therapy of EV with ICI for the treatment of la/mUC. Using urothelial carcinoma as an example, we will focus on dissecting the underlying mechanisms necessary for the development of this type of combination therapy for a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Taylor
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kamai M Patterson
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Devira Friedman
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Silvia M Bacot
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Gerald M Feldman
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Jith G, Suba S, Giri SK. Like Father, Like Daughter - Ectodermal Dysplasia-Syndactyly Syndrome: A Case Report. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2024; 29:248-251. [PMID: 38726487 DOI: 10.1142/s242483552472007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome 1 (EDSS1) is an exceedingly rare condition associated with mutations in the PVL4 gene. It is characterised by sparse, brittle hair, eyebrows and eyelashes, abnormal dentition and nails, along with bilateral cutaneous syndactyly involving the fingers and toes. We report a 2-year-old girl who presented to us with bilateral complete simple syndactyly of the third and fourth web spaces of the hands, along with bilateral syndactyly of both feet involving the second to fourth toes. Upon examination, sparse hair and eyebrows, along with abnormal dentition, were noted. Thorough clinical examination and genetic analysis were conducted on the affected child and her father, who exhibited similar clinical features. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in the PVL4 gene in both individuals. According to the literature, EDSS1 has been reported in only 10 families worldwide, and there are no reported cases from India. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Jith
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Santanu Suba
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Giri
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Lu C, Jiang J, Chen Q, Liu H, Ju X, Wang H. Analysis and prediction of interactions between transmembrane and non-transmembrane proteins. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:401. [PMID: 38658824 PMCID: PMC11040819 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the important biological mechanisms and functions of transmembrane proteins (TMPs) are realized through their interactions with non-transmembrane proteins(nonTMPs). The interactions between TMPs and nonTMPs in cells play vital roles in intracellular signaling, energy metabolism, investigating membrane-crossing mechanisms, correlations between disease and drugs. RESULTS Despite the importance of TMP-nonTMP interactions, the study of them remains in the wet experimental stage, lacking specific and comprehensive studies in the field of bioinformatics. To fill this gap, we performed a comprehensive statistical analysis of known TMP-nonTMP interactions and constructed a deep learning-based predictor to identify potential interactions. The statistical analysis describes known TMP-nonTMP interactions from various perspectives, such as distributions of species and protein families, enrichment of GO and KEGG pathways, as well as hub proteins and subnetwork modules in the PPI network. The predictor implemented by an end-to-end deep learning model can identify potential interactions from protein primary sequence information. The experimental results over the independent validation demonstrated considerable prediction performance with an MCC of 0.541. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, we were the first to focus on TMP-nonTMP interactions. We comprehensively analyzed them using bioinformatics methods and predicted them via deep learning-based solely on their sequence. This research completes a key link in the protein network, benefits the understanding of protein functions, and helps in pathogenesis studies of diseases and associated drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- School of Psychology, School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuhong Jiang
- School of Psychology, School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiufen Chen
- School of Psychology, School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- School of Psychology, School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingda Ju
- School of Psychology, School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Psychology, School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Computational Biology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Awotoye W, Mossey PA, Hetmanski JB, Gowans LJ, Eshete MA, Adeyemo WL, Alade A, Zeng E, Adamson O, James O, Fashina A, Ogunlewe MO, Naicker T, Adeleke C, Busch T, Li M, Petrin A, Oladayo A, Kayali S, Olotu J, Sule V, Hassan M, Pape J, Aladenika ET, Donkor P, Arthur FK, Obiri-Yeboah S, Sabbah DK, Agbenorku P, Ray D, Plange-Rhule G, Oti AA, Albokhari D, Sobreira N, Dunnwald M, Beaty TH, Taub M, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Damaging Mutations in AFDN Contribute to Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:697-705. [PMID: 36384317 PMCID: PMC10185709 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221135926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel or rare damaging mutations have been implicated in the developmental pathogenesis of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL ± P). Thus, we investigated the human genome for high-impact mutations that could explain the risk of nsCL ± P in our cohorts. We conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 130 nsCL ± P case-parent African trios to identify pathogenic variants that contribute to the risk of clefting. We replicated this analysis using whole-exome sequence data from a Brazilian nsCL ± P cohort. Computational analyses were then used to predict the mechanism by which these variants could result in increased risks for nsCL ± P. We discovered damaging mutations within the AFDN gene, a cell adhesion molecule (CAMs) that was previously shown to contribute to cleft palate in mice. These mutations include p.Met1164Ile, p.Thr453Asn, p.Pro1638Ala, p.Arg669Gln, p.Ala1717Val, and p.Arg1596His. We also discovered a novel splicing p.Leu1588Leu mutation in this protein. Computational analysis suggests that these amino acid changes affect the interactions with other cleft-associated genes including nectins (PVRL1, PVRL2, PVRL3, and PVRL4) CDH1, CTNNA1, and CTNND1. This is the first report on the contribution of AFDN to the risk for nsCL ± P in humans. AFDN encodes AFADIN, an important CAM that forms calcium-independent complexes with nectins 1 and 4 (encoded by the genes PVRL1 and PVRL4). This discovery shows the power of NGS analysis of multiethnic cleft samples in combination with a computational approach in the understanding of the pathogenesis of nsCL ± P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Awotoye
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter A. Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jacqueline B. Hetmanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lord J.J Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mekonen A. Eshete
- Addis Ababa University, School Medicine, Surgical Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wasiu L. Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Azeez Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olawale Adamson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Olutayo James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Azeez Fashina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Modupe O Ogunlewe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Thirona Naicker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Chinyere Adeleke
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aline Petrin
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Abimbola Oladayo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sami Kayali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joy Olotu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt
| | - Veronica Sule
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mohaned Hassan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Pape
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emmanuel T. Aladenika
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Donkor
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fareed K.N. Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel K. Sabbah
- Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pius Agbenorku
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gyikua Plange-Rhule
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Acheampong Oti
- Department of Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniah Albokhari
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | | | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Taub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Azeez Butali
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Grant MJ, Stockhammer P, Austin MR, Nemeth Z, Petrylak DP. Efficacy of Antibody Drug Conjugates Alone and in Combination with other Agents in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Scoping Review. Bladder Cancer 2024; 10:9-23. [PMID: 38993528 PMCID: PMC11181835 DOI: 10.3233/blc-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibody drug conjugates represent a promising class of antineoplastic agents comprised of a monoclonal antibody linked to a potent cytotoxic payload for targeted delivery of chemotherapy to tumors. Various antibody drug conjugates have demonstrated impressive efficacy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in clinical trials, leading to two FDA approved therapies and several other agents and combinations in clinical development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review was undertaken utilizing the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Queried databases included Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane CENTRAL Trials. The search sought to identify prospective therapeutic clinical trials in humans with metastatic urothelial carcinoma with a single-arm or randomized controlled trial design investigating antibody drug conjugate-containing regimens. RESULTS The literature search yielded 4,929 non-duplicated articles, of which 30 manuscripts and conference abstracts were included, which derived from 15 clinical trials including 19 separate cohorts with efficacy outcome results. Eleven trials investigated ADC monotherapy, while two investigated combination regimens, and the remaining two studies were mixed. Five unique ADC targets were represented including Nectin-4, Trop-2, HER2, Tissue Factor, and SLITRK6. Twelve clinical trial cohorts required prior treatment (63%). Objective response rate was reported for all studies and ranged from 27-52% for ADC monotherapies and 34-75% for ADC plus anti-PD-1 agents. Time to event outcome reporting was highly variable. CONCLUSION In addition to enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan, various HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugates and ADC-anti-PD-1 combination regimens have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials and are poised for clinical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Grant
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Stockhammer
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew R. Austin
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel P. Petrylak
- Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kuroda Y, Saito Y, Enomoto Y, Naruto T, Kurosawa K. A Japanese patient with Teebi hypertelorism syndrome and a novel CDH11 EC1 domain variant. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:94-99. [PMID: 37646430 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The gene CDH11 encodes cadherin-11, a Type II cadherin superfamily member that contains five extracellular cadherin (EC) domains. Cadherin-11 undergoes trans-dimerization via the EC1 domain to generate cadherin complexes. Compound heterozygous and homozygous loss-of-function CDH11 variants are observed in Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS), which shows characteristic craniofacial features, vertebral abnormalities, cutaneous syndactyly in 2-3 digits, genitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability. Heterozygous CDH11 variants can cause Teebi hypertelorism syndrome (THS), which features widely spaced eyes and hypospadias. We report a THS patient with a novel CDH11 variant involving the EC1 domain. The patient was a 10-month-old male with normal developmental milestones, but had widely spaced eyes, strabismus, hypospadias, shawl scrotum, broad thumbs (right bifid thumb in x-ray), polysyndactyly of the left fourth finger, and cutaneous syndactyly of left third/fourth fingers. Exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous CDH11 variant (NM_001797.4:c.229C > T [p.Leu77Phe] NC_000016.9:g.64998856G > A). Clinical features were consistent with previously reported THS patients, but polysyndactyly, broad thumb, and cutaneous syndactyly overlapped phenotypic features of EWS. THS and EWS may represent a spectrum of CDH11-related disorders. Residue Leu77 in this novel CDH11 variant lines a large hydrophobic pocket where side chains of the partner cadherin-11 insert to trans-dimerize, suggesting that the cadherin-11 structure might be altered in this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Saito
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wang H, Sun D, Chen J, Li H, Chen L. Nectin-4 has emerged as a compelling target for breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176129. [PMID: 38059449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer in women has increased year by year, becoming one of the most common malignant tumors in females worldwide. Most patients can be treated with surgery and endocrine drugs, but there are still some patients who lack effective treatment, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nectin-4, a protein encoded by poliovirus receptor-associated protein 4, is a Ca2+-independent immunoglobulin-like protein. It is mainly involved in the adhesion between cells. In recent years, studies have found that Nectin-4 is overexpressed in breast cancer and several other malignancies. Otherwise, several monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors targeting Nectin-4 have shown prosperous outcomes, so Nectin-4 has great potential to be a therapeutic target for breast cancer. The present review systematically describes the significance of Nectin-4 in each aspect of breast cancer, as well as the molecular mechanisms of these aspects mediated by Nectin-4. We further highlight ongoing or proposed therapeutic strategies for breast cancer specific to Nectin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Vachharajani VT, DeJong MP, Dunn AR. PDZ Domains from the Junctional Proteins Afadin and ZO-1 Act as Mechanosensors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559210. [PMID: 37961673 PMCID: PMC10634676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion complexes must withstand mechanical forces to maintain tissue cohesion, while also retaining the capacity for dynamic remodeling during tissue morphogenesis and repair. Most cell-cell adhesion complexes contain at least one PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain situated between the adhesion molecule and the actin cytoskeleton. However, PDZ-mediated interactions are characteristically nonspecific, weak, and transient, with several binding partners per PDZ domain, micromolar dissociation constants, and bond lifetimes of seconds or less. Here, we demonstrate that the bonds between the PDZ domain of the cytoskeletal adaptor protein afadin and the intracellular domains of the adhesion molecules nectin-1 and JAM-A form molecular catch bonds that reinforce in response to mechanical load. In contrast, the bond between the PDZ3-SH3-GUK (PSG) domain of the cytoskeletal adaptor ZO-1 and the JAM-A intracellular domain becomes dramatically weaker in response to ∼2 pN of load, the amount generated by single molecules of the cytoskeletal motor protein myosin II. These results suggest that PDZ domains can serve as force-responsive mechanical anchors at cell-cell adhesion complexes, and that mechanical load can enhance the selectivity of PDZ-peptide interactions. These results suggest that PDZ mechanosensitivity may help to generate the intricate molecular organization of cell-cell junctions and allow junctional complexes to dynamically remodel in response to mechanical load.
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Ali G, Sadia S, Ain-ul- Batool S, Azeem Z, Awan NB, Kazmi SAR, Ur- Rehman Z, Anjum Z, Ur- Rehman F, Wali A, Khan K, Zaman N, Ayub M, Sajid M, Hassan N. A Recurrent Nonsense Mutation in NECTIN4 Underlying Ectodermal Dysplasia-Syndactyly Syndrome with a Novel Phenotype in a Consanguineous Kashmiri Family. Genet Res (Camb) 2023; 2023:9999660. [PMID: 37829154 PMCID: PMC10567209 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9999660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
EDSS1, a syndrome characterized by ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly, is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner due to mutations in the NECTIN4/PVRL4 gene. Clinical manifestations of the syndrome include defective nail plate, sparse to absent scalp and body hair, spaced teeth with enamel hypoplasia, and bilateral cutaneous syndactyly in the fingers and toes. Here, we report a consanguineous family of Kashmiri origin presenting features of EDSS1. Using whole exome sequencing, we found a recurrent nonsense mutation (NM_030916: c.181C > T, p.(Gln61 ∗)) in the NECTIN4 gene. The variant segregated perfectly with the disorder within the family. The candidate variant was absent in 50 in-house exomes pertaining to other disorders from the same population. In addition to the previously reported clinical phenotype, an upper lip cleft was found in one of the affected members as a novel phenotype that is not reported by previous studies in EDSS1 patients. Therefore, the study presented here, which was conducted on the Kashmiri population, is the first to document a NECTIN4 mutation associated with the upper lip cleft as a novel phenotype. This finding broadens the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of EDSS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Ain-ul- Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Azeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Bashir Awan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia- Ur- Rehman
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal- Ur- Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, BUITEMS, 87100, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kafaitullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Nasib Zaman
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Sub Campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Hassan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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Hajra B, Abdullah, Bibi N, Syed F, Ullah A, Ahmad W, Umm-E-Kalsoom. A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in NECTIN4 gene in a Pakistani family with ectodermal dysplasia syndactyly syndrome 1. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:580-586. [PMID: 37183149 PMCID: PMC10404504 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodermal dysplasia syndactyly syndrome 1 (EDSS1) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by defects in teeth, hair, and nails in association with a fusion of the digits. Genetically, the disease phenotypes are caused by homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in NECTIN4 gene. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the study was to identify the pathogenic sequence variant(s) for family screening and identification of carriers. METHODS In the present study, the authors have investigated a large consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating autosomal recessive EDSS1. All the coding exons of the NECTIN4 gene were directly sequenced using gene-specific primers. RESULTS The affected individuals presented the classical EDSS1 clinical features including sparse hair, hypoplastic nails with thick flat discolored nail plates, peg-shaped, conical, and widely spaced teeth with enamel hypoplasia, proximal cutaneous syndactyly of fingers and toes. Sequence analysis of the coding region of the NECTIN4 identified a novel nonsense variant [c.163C>T; p.(Arg55*)] in exon-2 of the gene. Computational analysis of protein structure revealed that the variant induced premature termination at Arg55 located in Ig-like V-loop region leading to loss of Ig-C2 type domains and transmembrane region, and most likely Nectin-4 function will be lost. STUDY LIMITATION Gene expression studies are absent that would have strengthened the findings of computational analysis. CONCLUSION The present study expanded the phenotypic and mutation spectrum of the NECTIN4 gene. Further, the study would assist in carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis of the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Hajra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Fibhaa Syed
- Department of General Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of General Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umm-E-Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
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12
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Shim J, Ambrose CG, Iwata J. Autophagy Plays a Crucial Role in Ameloblast Differentiation. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1047-1057. [PMID: 37249312 PMCID: PMC10403961 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231169220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel is generated by ameloblasts. Any failure in amelogenesis results in defects in the enamel, a condition known as amelogenesis imperfecta. Here, we report that mice with deficient autophagy in epithelial-derived tissues (K14-Cre;Atg7F/F and K14-Cre;Atg3F/F conditional knockout mice) exhibit amelogenesis imperfecta. Micro-computed tomography imaging confirmed that enamel density and thickness were significantly reduced in the teeth of these mice. At the molecular level, ameloblast differentiation was compromised through ectopic accumulation and activation of NRF2, a specific substrate of autophagy. Through bioinformatic analyses, we identified Bcl11b, Dlx3, Klk4, Ltbp3, Nectin1, and Pax9 as candidate genes related to amelogenesis imperfecta and the NRF2-mediated pathway. To investigate the effects of the ectopic NRF2 pathway activation caused by the autophagy deficiency, we analyzed target gene expression and NRF2 binding to the promoter region of candidate target genes and found suppressed gene expression of Bcl11b, Dlx3, Klk4, and Nectin1 but not of Ltbp3 and Pax9. Taken together, our findings indicate that autophagy plays a crucial role in ameloblast differentiation and that its failure results in amelogenesis imperfecta through ectopic NRF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Shim
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C. G. Ambrose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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14
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Aggen DH, Chu CE, Rosenberg JE. Scratching the Surface: NECTIN-4 as a Surrogate for Enfortumab Vedotin Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1377-1380. [PMID: 36749325 PMCID: PMC10106381 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data with enfortumab vedotin (EV) suggest that most bladder cancers overexpress NECTIN-4. A recent article shows that NECTIN-4 membranous expression changes with progression to metastatic disease and that low NECTIN-4 expression in metastatic biopsies is potentially associated with EV resistance. These data argue for incorporation of NECTIN-4 expression into future biomarker strategies. See related article by Klümper et al., p. 1496.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Aggen
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Carissa E. Chu
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan E. Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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15
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Kobecki J, Gajdzis P, Mazur G, Chabowski M. Nectins and Nectin-like Molecules in Colorectal Cancer: Role in Diagnostics, Prognostic Values, and Emerging Treatment Options: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:3076. [PMID: 36553083 PMCID: PMC9777592 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, colorectal cancer was the third most common type of cancer worldwide with a clearly visible increase in the number of cases each year. With relatively high mortality rates and an uncertain prognosis, colorectal cancer is a serious health problem. There is an urgent need to investigate its specific mechanism of carcinogenesis and progression in order to develop new strategies of action against this cancer. Nectins and Nectin-like molecules are cell adhesion molecules that take part in a plethora of essential processes in healthy tissues as well as mediating substantial actions for tumor initiation and evolution. Our understanding of their role and a viable application of this in anti-cancer therapy has rapidly improved in recent years. This review summarizes the current data on the role nectins and Nectin-like molecules play in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kobecki
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 5 Weigla Street, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anaesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Bartla Street, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gajdzis
- Department of Pathomorphology, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 5 Weigla Street, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 5 Weigla Street, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anaesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Bartla Street, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Lee PH, Choi SM, An MH, Hwang DY, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. Nectin4 is a potential therapeutic target for asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049900. [PMID: 36457999 PMCID: PMC9707334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectins comprise a family of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion. Neither the biological significance nor clinical potential of Nectin4 for asthma has been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to elucidate the role of Nectin4 in airway inflammation and to determine the relationship between Nectin4 and clinical variables in patients with asthma. METHODS The relationship between Nectin4 levels in the blood of asthmatic patients and clinical variables was examined. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 (Der p1)-exposed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and Nectin4-deficient (Nectin4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), were used to investigate the involvement of Nectin4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via the Src/Rac1 pathway. RESULTS Plasma Nectin4 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than controls and correlated with specific IgE D1, D2, lung function. The ROC curves for Nectin4 levels differed between asthma patients and controls. Nectin4/Afadin and Src/Rac1 levels were significantly increased in NHBE cells exposed to Der p1, but decreased in NHBE cells treated with Nectin4 siRNA. Airway obstruction and inflammation, as well as the levels of Th2 cytokines, Nectin4, and Src/Rac1, were increased in WT OVA/OVA mice compared with WT sham mice. Nectin4 knockdown resulted in lower levels of Afadin and Src/Rac1 in Nectin4-/-OVA/OVA than WT OVA/OVA mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Nectin4 is involved in airway inflammation and may be a therapeutic target in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Seon Muk Choi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Min Hyeok An
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Hwang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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17
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Caroppo F, Fagotto L, Fortina AB. A Novel Pathogenic Variant of NECTIN4 Gene in a Child with Ectodermal Dysplasia-Syndactyly Syndrome. Indian Dermatol Online J 2022; 14:110-111. [PMID: 36776191 PMCID: PMC9910535 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_160_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caroppo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Address for correspondence: Dr. Francesca Caroppo, Department of Medicine, DIMED, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Laura Fagotto
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Hashimoto H, Tanaka Y, Murata M, Ito T. Nectin-4: a Novel Therapeutic Target for Skin Cancers. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:578-593. [PMID: 35312963 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nectin-4 is a tumor-associated antigen that is highly expressed on various cancer cells, and it has been further proposed to have roles in tumor development and propagation ranging from cellular proliferation to motility and invasion. Nectin-4 blockade reduces tumor proliferation and induces apoptosis in several malignancies. Nectin-4 has been used as a potential target in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development. Enfortumab vedotin, an ADC against Nectin-4, has demonstrated efficacy against solid tumor malignancies. Enfortumab vedotin has received US Food and Drug Administration approval for treating urothelial cancer. Furthermore, the efficacy of ADCs against Nectin-4 against solid tumors other than urothelial cancer has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, and clinical trials examining the effects of enfortumab vedotin are ongoing. Recently, Nectin-4 was reported to be highly expressed in several skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and extramammary Paget's disease, and involved in tumor progression and survival in retrospective studies. Nectin-4-targeted therapies and ADCs against Nectin-4 could therefore be novel therapeutic options for skin cancers. This review highlights current knowledge on Nectin-4 in malignant tumors, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin in clinical trials, and the prospects of Nectin-4-targeted agents against skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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19
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Tanaka Y, Murata M, Tanegashima K, Oda Y, Ito T. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 regulates angiogenesis through Src signaling and serves as a novel therapeutic target in angiosarcoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4031. [PMID: 35256687 PMCID: PMC8901754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare, life-threatening soft tissue sarcoma with malignant endothelial cells that is mainly found in the skin. Multidisciplinary approaches are used to treat patients with unresectable metastasized lesions; considering the cellular origin of angiosarcoma, anti-angiogenic therapy has also been used recently. However, these treatments have limited efficacy, and the survival rate remains low. Thus, more effective treatments need to be developed. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is highly expressed in malignant tumors and promotes tumor progression. Thus, NECTIN4 is expected to be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. However, the significance of NECTIN4 in angiosarcoma remains unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated NECTIN4 expression in 74 tissue samples from angiosarcoma patients, finding variable NECTIN4 expression. In addition, we investigated NECTIN4 expression and function in human angiosarcoma cell lines. NECTIN4 expression was higher in angiosarcoma cells than normal endothelial cells, and angiosarcoma cells were sensitive to monomethyl auristatin E, the cytotoxic part of a NECTIN4-targetting antibody-drug conjugate. NECTIN4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of angiosarcoma cells, and Src kinase signaling was shown to be involved in NECTIN4 function, at least in part. NECTIN4-targeted therapy has the potential to be a novel treatment strategy for angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanegashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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20
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Fortugno P, Monetta R, Belli M, Botti E, Angelucci F, Palmerini MG, Annarita NS, De Luca C, Ceccarini M, Salvatore M, Bianchi L, Macioce P, Teson M, Ricci F, Network IUD, Macchiarelli G, Didona B, Costanzo A, Castiglia D, Brancati F. RIPK4 regulates cell–cell adhesion in epidermal development and homeostasis. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2535-2547. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Epidermal development and maintenance are finely regulated events requiring a strict balance between proliferation and differentiation. Alterations in these processes give rise to human disorders such as cancer or syndromes with skin and annexes defects, known as ectodermal dysplasias (EDs). Here, we studied the functional effects of two novel receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) missense mutations identified in siblings with an autosomal recessive ED with cutaneous syndactyly, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and orofacial synechiae. Clinical overlap with distinct EDs caused by mutations in transcription factors (i.e. p63 and interferon regulatory factor 6, IRF6) or nectin adhesion molecules was noticed. Impaired activity of the RIPK4 kinase resulted both in altered epithelial differentiation and defective cell adhesion. We showed that mutant RIPK4 resulted in loss of PVRL4/nectin-4 expression in patient epidermis and primary keratinocytes, and demonstrated that PVRL4 is transcriptionally regulated by IRF6, a RIPK4 phosphorylation target. In addition, defective RIPK4 altered desmosome morphology through modulation of plakophilin-1 and desmoplakin. In conclusion, this work implicates RIPK4 kinase function in the p63-IRF6 regulatory loop that controls the proliferation/differentiation switch and cell adhesion, with implications in ectodermal development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortugno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Human Functional Genomics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Botti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Nottola Stefania Annarita
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Ceccarini
- National Center Rare Diseases, Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- National Center Rare Diseases, Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pompeo Macioce
- Department of Neurosciences & Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Interdepartmental Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Dermatology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Biagio Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Skin Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Human Functional Genomics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Rome, Italy
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21
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To Stick or Not to Stick: Adhesions in Orofacial Clefts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020153. [PMID: 35205020 PMCID: PMC8869391 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis requires a tight coordination between mechanical forces and biochemical signals to inform individual cellular behavior. For these developmental processes to happen correctly the organism requires precise spatial and temporal coordination of the adhesion, migration, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of cells originating from the three key embryonic layers, namely the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The cytoskeleton and its remodeling are essential to organize and amplify many of the signaling pathways required for proper morphogenesis. In particular, the interaction of the cell junctions with the cytoskeleton functions to amplify the behavior of individual cells into collective events that are critical for development. In this review we summarize the key morphogenic events that occur during the formation of the face and the palate, as well as the protein complexes required for cell-to-cell adhesions. We then integrate the current knowledge into a comprehensive review of how mutations in cell-to-cell adhesion genes lead to abnormal craniofacial development, with a particular focus on cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
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22
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Lacouture ME, Patel AB, Rosenberg JE, O’Donnell PH. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e223-e232. [PMID: 35274723 PMCID: PMC8914492 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Lacouture
- ∗Corresponding author: Mario E. Lacouture, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Tel: +646 608 2347;
| | - Anisha B Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H O’Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Chatterjee S, Sinha S, Kundu CN. Nectin cell adhesion molecule-4 (NECTIN-4): A potential target for cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174516. [PMID: 34547246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NECTIN-4 [a poliovirus receptor-related-4 (pvrl-4) encoded protein] is a Ca2+ independent immunoglobulin-like protein. Along with other Nectins (Nectin-1, -2 and -3), it is primarily involved in cell-cell adhesion. In contrast to other Nectins, Nectin-4 is specifically enriched in the embryonic and placental tissues but its expression significantly declines in adult life. In recent years, it has been found that Nectin-4 is especially overexpressed and served as a tumor associated inducer in various malignant tumors including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian cancers etc. Over-expression of Nectin-4 is associated with various aspects of tumor progression like proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis, DNA repair, tumor relapse, poor prognosis in several types of cancer. This review systematically highlights the implications of Nectin-4 in every possible aspect of cancer and the molecular mechanism of Nectin-4 mediated cancer progression. We have further emphasized on the therapeutic strategies that are being proposed to specifically target Nectin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
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24
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Liu Y, Han X, Li L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Li G, Xu C, Yin M, Zhou P, Shi F, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang G. Role of Nectin‑4 protein in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:93. [PMID: 34664682 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nectin cell adhesion molecule (Nectin) family members are Ca2+‑independent immunoglobulin‑like cellular adhesion molecules (including Nectins 1‑4), involved in cell adhesion via homophilic/heterophilic interplay. In addition, the Nectin family plays a significant role in enhancing cellular viability and movement ability. In contrast to enrichment of Nectins 1‑3 in normal tissues, Nectin‑4 is particularly overexpressed in a number of tumor types, including breast, lung, urothelial, colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Moreover, the upregulation of Nectin‑4 is an independent biomarker for overall survival in numerous cancer types. A large number of studies have revealed that high expression of Nectin‑4 is closely related to tumor occurrence and development in various cancer types, but the manner in which Nectin‑4 protein contributes to the onset and development of these malignancies is yet unknown. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and functions of Nectin‑4 protein in the biological processes and current advances with regard to its expression and regulation in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Han
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chuncai Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Mengfan Yin
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fanqi Shi
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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25
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Chang HM, Chen PY, Fang CP, Liu TH, Wu CT, Hsu YC, Kuo HW, Liu YL, Huang MC. Increased Nectin-4 levels in chronic ketamine abusers and the relationship with lower urinary tract symptoms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103714. [PMID: 34302971 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent ketamine use causes susceptibility to addiction and bladder toxicity. We examined the association of lower urinary tract symptoms and levels of Nectin-4, a member of the cell adhesion molecules that is essential for maintaining the urothelium barrier in chronic ketamine abusers. We measured the plasma levels of Nectin-4 in 88 patients with ketamine dependence and 69 controls. Patients with ketamine dependence were assessed for ketamine use variables, psychological symptoms, and lower urinary tract symptoms. We found Nectin-4 levels were increased in ketamine-dependent patients compared to the controls (p < 0.0001). Patients with urinary tract symptoms exhibited lower Nectin-4 levels than those without (p = 0.021). Our results suggest an up-regulation of Nectin-4 following chronic and heavy ketamine use. Patients with ketamine dependence with a compromised upregulation of Nectin-4 are likely to have more severe urinary tract symptoms. The mechanisms underlying the involvement of Nectin-4 in ketamine addiction and bladder toxicity warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Ming Chang
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Te Wu
- Department of Urology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chao Hsu
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Addiction Sciences, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Nectins and Nectin-like molecules in synapse formation and involvement in neurological diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103653. [PMID: 34242750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are interneuronal junctions which form neuronal networks and play roles in a variety of functions, including learning and memory. Two types of junctions, synaptic junctions (SJs) and puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs), have been identified. SJs are found at all excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereas PAJs are found at excitatory synapses, but not inhibitory synapses, and particularly well developed at hippocampal mossy fiber giant excitatory synapses. Both SJs and PAJs are mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Major CAMs at SJs are neuroligins-neurexins and Nectin-like molecules (Necls)/CADMs/SynCAMs whereas those at PAJs are nectins and cadherins. In addition to synaptic PAJs, extrasynaptic PAJs have been identified at contact sites between neighboring dendrites near synapses and regulate synapse formation. In addition to SJs and PAJs, a new type of cell adhesion apparatus different from these junctional apparatuses has been identified and named nectin/Necl spots. One nectin spot at contact sites between neighboring dendrites at extrasynaptic regions near synapses regulates synapse formation. Several members of nectins and Necls had been identified as viral receptors before finding their physiological functions as CAMs and evidence is accumulating that many nectins and Necls are related to onset and progression of neurological diseases. We review here nectin and Necls in synapse formation and involvement in neurological diseases.
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27
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Rotunno R, Diociaiuti A, Dentici ML, Rinelli M, Callea M, Retrosi C, Zambruno G, Bellacchio E, El Hachem M. Ectodermal Dysplasia-Syndactyly Syndrome with Toe-Only Minimal Syndactyly Due to a Novel Mutation in NECTIN4: A Case Report and Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:748. [PMID: 34067522 PMCID: PMC8156511 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome 1 (EDSS1) is characterized by cutaneous syndactyly of the toes and fingers and abnormalities of the hair and teeth, variably associated with nail dystrophy and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). EDSS1 is caused by biallelic mutations in the NECTIN4 gene, encoding the adherens junction component nectin-4. Nine EDSS1 cases have been described to date. We report a 5.5-year-old female child affected with EDSS1 due to the novel homozygous frameshift mutation c.1150delC (p.Gln384ArgfsTer7) in the NECTIN4 gene. The patient presents brittle scalp hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, widely spaced conical teeth and dental agenesis, as well as toenail dystrophy and mild PPK. She has minimal proximal syndactyly limited to toes 2-3, which makes the phenotype of our patient peculiar as the overt involvement of both fingers and toes is typical of EDSS1. All previously described mutations are located in the nectin-4 extracellular portion, whereas p.Gln384ArgfsTer7 occurs within the cytoplasmic domain of the protein. This mutation is predicted to affect the interaction with afadin, suggesting that impaired afadin activation is sufficient to determine EDSS1. Our case, which represents the first report of a NECTIN4 mutation with toe-only minimal syndactyly, expands the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of EDSS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rotunno
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (C.R.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (C.R.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Martina Rinelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Callea
- Dentistry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Retrosi
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (C.R.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (C.R.); (M.E.H.)
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28
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Tanaka Y, Murata M, Oda Y, Furue M, Ito T. Nectin Cell Adhesion Molecule 4 (NECTIN4) Expression in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A New Therapeutic Target? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040355. [PMID: 33808400 PMCID: PMC8067104 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, and its incidence is rising because of the aging population. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is involved in the progression of tumors and has attracted interest as a potential therapeutic target. However, little is known about the expression and significance of NECTIN4 in cSCC. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and function of NECTIN4 in cSCC. Immunohistological NECTIN4 expression was investigated in tissues from 34 cSCC patients. Using an A431 human SCC cell line, the role of NECTIN4 in the regulation of cell–cell attachment and migration and proliferation was assessed. NECTIN4 was expressed in most cSCC tissues and on the plasma membrane of A431 cells. Silencing of NECTIN4 prevented cell–cell attachment and induced the expression migration-related molecules, leading to an increase in cell migration. Knockdown of NECTIN4 downregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, decreased cyclin D1 expression, and inhibited cell proliferation. These results show that NECTIN4 is expressed in cSCC and functions in the regulation of cell–cell interactions, as well as in the migration and proliferation of SCC cells. NECTIN4-targeted therapy may serve as a novel and promising treatment for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5585
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29
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Zhao YJ, Xiao J, Huangyang MD, Zhao R, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li JT. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis for the pigmentation of scale and skin in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2399-2410. [PMID: 33742327 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teleost scale not only provides a protective layer resisting penetration and pathogens but also participate in coloration. It is interesting to study the mechanism of teleost scale formation. Furthermore, whether there existed consensus genes between scale coloration and skin coloration has not been examined yet. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the transcriptome profiles of red scale, white scale, red skin, and white skin of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Pair-wise comparison identified 3391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between scale and skin, respectively. The 1765 up-regulated genes (UEGs) in scale, as the down-regulated genes in skin, preferred mineralization and other scale development-related processes. The 1626 skin UEGs were enriched in the morphogenesis of skin and appendages. We also identified 195 UEGs in white scale and 223 UEGs in red scale. The white scale UEGs primarily participated in regulation of growth and cell migration. The UEGs in red scale preferred pigment cell differentiation and retinoid metabolic process. A total of 22 DEGs had consensus expression patterns in skin and scale of the same coloration. The expression levels of these DEGs clearly grouped skin and scale of the same coloration together with principle component analysis and correlation analysis. Eleven consensus DEGs were homologous to the orthologs of Poropuntius huangchuchieni, 82% of which were under strong purifying selection. Eight processes including lipid storage and lipid catabolism were shared in both scale pigmentation and skin pigmentation. CONCLUSIONS We identified consensus DEGs and biological processes in scale and skin pigmentation. Our transcriptome analysis will contribute to further elucidation of mechanisms of teleost scale formation and coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhao
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Mei-Di Huangyang
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jiong-Tang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
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30
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Heath EI, Rosenberg JE. The biology and rationale of targeting nectin-4 in urothelial carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:93-103. [PMID: 33239713 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer type worldwide. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer and accounts for 90% of bladder cancer cases in the USA and Europe. Novel approaches are needed to improve patient outcomes. Nectin-4 is a tumour-associated antigen found on the surface of most urothelial carcinoma cells. In the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin, human anti-nectin-4 antibody is linked to the cytotoxic microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E. In ongoing phase I, II and III clinical trials, enfortumab vedotin has been evaluated as a monotherapy and in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor and/or chemotherapy in locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Encouraging data from the phase II study resulted in the FDA granting accelerated approval for enfortumab vedotin in December 2019 for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who were previously treated with platinum and a checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Moreover, data from a phase I study led to the FDA granting breakthrough therapy designation to enfortumab vedotin combined with pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment in February 2020 for cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Results of ongoing and future combination studies of enfortumab vedotin with immunotherapy and other novel agents are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth I Heath
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Tanaka Y, Murata M, Shen CH, Furue M, Ito T. NECTIN4: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:976. [PMID: 33478111 PMCID: PMC7835875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most common lethal skin cancer and causes death in a short time when metastasized. Although BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have greatly improved the prognosis of BRAF-mutated melanoma, drug resistance is a major concern even when they are combined with MEK inhibitors. Alternative treatments for BRAFi-resistant melanoma are highly anticipated. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is highly expressed and associated with progression in tumors. We aimed to investigate the role of NECTIN4 in melanoma and its potency as a therapeutic target using 126 melanoma samples and BRAFi-resistant cells. Immunohistochemically, most of the clinical samples expressed NECTIN4, at least in part. NECTIN4 was highly expressed in BRAF-mutated melanoma and its high expression was associated with disease-free survival. In BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, NECTIN4 and the PI3K/Akt pathway were upregulated, along with the acquisition of BRAFi resistance. Monomethyl auristatin E, a cytotoxic part of NECTIN4-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, was effective for BRAF-mutated or BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. NECTIN4 inhibition increased the sensitivity of BRAFi-resistant cells to BRAFi and induced apoptosis. In conclusion, we revealed the expression and roles of NECTIN4 in melanoma. Targeted therapies against NECTIN4 can be a novel treatment strategy for melanoma, even after the acquisition of BRAFi resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma/diagnosis
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Retrospective Studies
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan;
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
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32
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Measles skin rash: Infection of lymphoid and myeloid cells in the dermis precedes viral dissemination to the epidermis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008253. [PMID: 33031460 PMCID: PMC7575069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is characterized by fever and a maculopapular skin rash, which is accompanied by immune clearance of measles virus (MV)-infected cells. Histopathological analyses of skin biopsies from humans and non-human primates (NHPs) with measles rash have identified MV-infected keratinocytes and mononuclear cells in the epidermis, around hair follicles and near sebaceous glands. Here, we address the pathogenesis of measles skin rash by combining data from experimentally infected NHPs, ex vivo infection of human skin sheets and in vitro infection of primary human keratinocytes. Analysis of NHP skin samples collected at different time points following MV inoculation demonstrated that infection in the skin precedes onset of rash by several days. MV infection was detected in lymphoid and myeloid cells in the dermis before dissemination to the epidermal leukocytes and keratinocytes. These data were in good concordance with ex vivo MV infections of human skin sheets, in which dermal cells were more targeted than the epidermal cells. To address viral dissemination to the epidermis and to determine whether the dissemination is receptor-dependent, we performed experimental infections of primary keratinocytes collected from healthy donors. These experiments demonstrated that MV infection of keratinocytes is mainly nectin-4-dependent, and differentiated keratinocytes, which express higher levels of nectin-4, are more susceptible to MV infection than proliferating keratinocytes. Based on these data, we propose a model to explain measles skin rash: migrating MV-infected lymphocytes initiate the infection of dermal skin-resident CD150+ immune cells. The infection is subsequently disseminated from the dermal papillae to nectin-4+ keratinocytes in the basal epidermis. Lateral spread of MV infection is observed in the superficial epidermis, most likely due to the higher level of nectin-4 expression on differentiated keratinocytes. Finally, MV-infected cells are cleared by infiltrating immune cells, causing hyperemia and edema, which give the appearance of morbilliform skin rash. Several viral infections are associated with skin rash, including parvovirus B19, human herpesvirus type 6, dengue virus and rubella virus. However, the archetype virus infection that leads to skin rash is measles. Although all of these viral exanthemata often appear similar, their pathogenesis is different. In the case of measles, the appearance of skin rash is a sign that the immune system is clearing MV-infected cells from the skin. How the virus reaches the skin and is locally disseminated remains unknown. Here, we combine observations and expertise from pathologists, dermatologists, virologists and immunologists to delineate the pathogenesis of measles skin rash. We show that MV infection of dermal myeloid and lymphoid cells precedes viral dissemination to the epidermal leukocytes and keratinocytes. We speculate that immune-mediated clearance of these infected cells results in hyperemia and edema, explaining the redness of the skin and the slightly elevated spots of the morbilliform rash.
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Mühlebach MD. Measles virus in cancer therapy. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 41:85-97. [PMID: 32861945 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, the development of viruses to treat cancer patients has re-gained considerable attention. A genetically modified herpesvirus, Talimogene laherparepvec, has already been authorized for the treatment of melanoma patients. Also recombinant measles virus (MeV) is developed as an oncolytic virus. Because of its high genetic flexibility, a number of different MeV strains have been the basis for the generation of targeted, armed, or shielded viruses that are highly specific for a given tumor target, more effective, or protected against serum neutralization. Such MeV have been extensively tested in vitro and in vivo, whereby remarkable oncolytic potency is accompanied by safety also in non-human primates. Therefore, MeV has been introduced into 19 different clinical trials and has reached phase II against two different tumor entities, multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinoma. Remarkably, one patient with advanced stage myeloma experienced long-term remission after treatment, visualizing the potency of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mühlebach
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
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34
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Lough KJ, Spitzer DC, Bergman AJ, Wu JJ, Byrd KM, Williams SE. Disruption of the nectin-afadin complex recapitulates features of the human cleft lip/palate syndrome CLPED1. Development 2020; 147:dev.189241. [PMID: 32554531 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP), one of the most common congenital conditions, arises from failures in secondary palatogenesis during embryonic development. Several human genetic syndromes featuring CP and ectodermal dysplasia have been linked to mutations in genes regulating cell-cell adhesion, yet mouse models have largely failed to recapitulate these findings. Here, we use in utero lentiviral-mediated genetic approaches in mice to provide the first direct evidence that the nectin-afadin axis is essential for proper palate shelf elevation and fusion. Using this technique, we demonstrate that palatal epithelial conditional loss of afadin (Afdn) - an obligate nectin- and actin-binding protein - induces a high penetrance of CP, not observed when Afdn is targeted later using Krt14-Cre We implicate Nectin1 and Nectin4 as being crucially involved, as loss of either induces a low penetrance of mild palate closure defects, while loss of both causes severe CP with a frequency similar to Afdn loss. Finally, expression of the human disease mutant NECTIN1W185X causes CP with greater penetrance than Nectin1 loss, suggesting this alteration may drive CP via a dominant interfering mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall J Lough
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danielle C Spitzer
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Abby J Bergman
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica J Wu
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin M Byrd
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Mancino G, Sibilio A, Luongo C, Di Cicco E, Miro C, Cicatiello AG, Nappi A, Sagliocchi S, Ambrosio R, De Stefano MA, Di Girolamo D, Porcelli T, Murolo M, Saracino F, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Stornaiuolo M, Dentice M. The Thyroid Hormone Inactivator Enzyme, Type 3 Deiodinase, Is Essential for Coordination of Keratinocyte Growth and Differentiation. Thyroid 2020; 30:1066-1078. [PMID: 32111151 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of development, tissue differentiation, and maintenance of metabolic balance in virtually every cell of the body. Accordingly, severe alteration of TH action during fetal life leads to permanent deficits in humans. The skin is among the few adult tissues expressing the oncofetal protein type 3 deiodinase (D3), the TH inactivating enzyme. Here, we demonstrate that D3 is dynamically regulated during epidermal ontogenesis. Methods: To investigate the function of D3 in a postdevelopmental context, we used a mouse model of conditional epidermal-specific D3 depletion. Loss of D3 resulted in tissue hypoplasia and enhanced epidermal differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. Results: Accordingly, wound healing repair and hair follicle cycle were altered in the D3-depleted epidermis. Further, in vitro ablation of D3 in primary culture of keratinocytes indicated that various markers of stratified epithelial layers were upregulated, thereby confirming the pro-differentiative action of D3 depletion and the consequent increased intracellular triiodothyronine levels. Notably, loss of D3 reduced the clearance of systemic TH in vivo, thereby demonstrating the critical requirement for epidermal D3 in the maintenance of TH homeostasis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that the D3 enzyme is a key TH-signaling component in the skin, thereby providing a striking example of a physiological context for deiodinase-mediated TH metabolism, as well as a rationale for therapeutic manipulation of deiodinases in pathophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mancino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Sibilio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, and Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Public Health, and Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Public Health, and Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Saracino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy; Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
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36
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Boylan KL, Manion RD, Shah H, Skubitz KM, Skubitz APN. Inhibition of Ovarian Cancer Cell Spheroid Formation by Synthetic Peptides Derived from Nectin-4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4637. [PMID: 32629816 PMCID: PMC7370299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of 3D multicellular spheroids in the ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients is an understudied component of the disease progression. Spheroids are less sensitive to chemotherapy, in part due to the protection afforded by their structure, but also due to their slower proliferation rate. Previous studies suggest that the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 plays a key role in the formation of ovarian cancer spheroids. In this study, we further examined the role of Nectin-4 at early time points in spheroid formation using real-time digital photography. Human NIH:OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cells formed aggregates within 8 h, which further contracted into compact spheroids over 24 h. In contrast, Nectin-4 knockdown cells did not form tightly compacted spheroids. Synthetic peptides derived from Nectin-4 were tested for their ability to alter spheroid formation in two ovarian cancer cell lines. Nectin-4 peptide 10 (N4-P10) had an immediate effect on disrupting ovarian cancer spheroid formation, which continued for over 24 h, while a scrambled version of the peptide had no effect. N4-P10 inhibited spheroid formation in a concentration-dependent manner and was not cytotoxic; suggesting that N4-P10 treatment could maintain the cancer cells as single cells which may be more sensitive to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L.M. Boylan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.L.M.B.); (R.D.M.); (H.S.)
- Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rory D. Manion
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.L.M.B.); (R.D.M.); (H.S.)
- Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Heena Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.L.M.B.); (R.D.M.); (H.S.)
- Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Keith M. Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy P. N. Skubitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.L.M.B.); (R.D.M.); (H.S.)
- Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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37
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Fang CP, Liu TH, Chung RH, Tsou HH, Kuo HW, Wang SC, Liu CC, Liu SC, Chen ACH, Liu YL. Genetic variants in NECTIN4 encoding an adhesion molecule are associated with continued opioid use. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234549. [PMID: 32555608 PMCID: PMC7302666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Methadone is a synthetic opioid used as maintenance treatment for patients addicted to heroin. Skin irritation is one of the adverse events caused by opioid use. 344 methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients were recruited with records and measurements on methadone dose, plasma methadone concentrations, and treatment emergent symptom scales (TESS). 15 patients reported with skin irritation. Five SNPs located within the NECTIN4 genetic region were genotyped. The NECTIN4 gene within the adherens junction interaction pathway was associated with methadone dose in pathway-based genome wide association analyses (P = 0.0008). Three highly-linked SNPs, rs11265549, rs3820097, and rs4656978, were significantly associated with methadone dose (P = 0.0003), plasma concentrations of R,S-methadone (P = 0.0004) and TNF-α (P = 0.010) in all 344 MMT patients, and with self-report skin irritation symptom scores (P = 0.010) in the 15 MMT patients who reported with skin irritation. To identify the possible roles of plasma level of Nectin-4 in the responses to MMT and opioid use, additional age- and gender-matched 51 controls and 83 methadone-free abstinent former heroin users were recruited. Plasma level of Nectin-4 was the highest in MMT patients among the three groups. The results suggest involvement of genetic variants on NECTIN4 in methadone dose. Plasma Nectin-4 level is likely an indicator for continued use of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu Chih Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Andrew C. H. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York, United States of America
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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38
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Wang L, Yang M, Guo X, Yang Z, Liu S, Ji Y, Jin H. Estrogen-related receptor-α promotes gallbladder cancer development by enhancing the transcription of Nectin-4. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1514-1527. [PMID: 32030850 PMCID: PMC7226197 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) is a nuclear receptor of transcription factor that binds to estrogen responsive elements and estrogen-related responsive elements. Estrogen-related receptor-α is involved in metabolic processes and implicated in the progression and growth of several human malignancies. However, the biologic role and clinical significance of ERRα in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains to be clarified. Here, we reported that ERRα protein expression was notably higher in GBC tissues than in cholecystitis tissues, and that the aberrantly higher ERRα expression was positively correlated with advanced TNM stage and indicated dismal prognosis of GBC (P < .01). In GBC cell lines NOZ and OCUG, the targeted depletion of ERRα retarded the growth and suppressed the migration and invasive capabilities of GBC cells, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition by decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers and elevating the expression of epithelial markers. Moreover, ERRα knockdown inhibited tumor growth in nude mice and led to decreased expression levels of Nectin-4, p-PI3K p85α, and p-AKT. Overexpression of ERRα in the GBC-SD cell line showed exactly the opposite effect. The targeted inhibition of Nectin-4 antagonized GBC cell proliferation and invasion, which were induced by ERRα upregulation. Moreover, Nectin-4 depletion inhibited the ERRα-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays showed that ERRα enhanced the transcription of Nectin-4 by binding to the promoter of Nectin-4. In conclusion, our data indicated that ERRα could be a potential target for the genetic treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - MengMeng Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control TechnologyJiangsu Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWuxiChina
| | - Xingmei Guo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General SurgeryXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shilei Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General SurgeryXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Huihan Jin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
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39
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Measles pathogenesis, immune suppression and animal models. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 41:31-37. [PMID: 32339942 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus causes a disease with seemingly innocent symptoms, such as fever and rash. However, measles immune suppression causes increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections that are responsible for the majority of over 100000 yearly fatalities. The pathogenesis of measles is complex, because measles virus uses multiple receptors to infect different cell types in different phases of the disease. Experimental morbillivirus infections with wild-type viruses in natural host species have demonstrated that direct infection and depletion of memory immune cells causes immune amnesia. This was confirmed in studies of a measles outbreak in unvaccinated children and provides an explanation for epidemiological observations of long-term increases in morbidity and mortality after measles.
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40
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Li J, Xing J, Lu F, Chang W, Liang N, Li J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhao X, Hou R, Man M, Yin G, Li X, Zhang K. Psoriatic Dermal-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Keratinocyte Junctions, and Increase Glycolysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00122. [PMID: 32266413 PMCID: PMC9129003 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that psoriatic dermal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) dysregulate keratinocyte proliferation, the biological activity profile of keratinocytes influenced by psoriatic DMSCs remain unknown. In the present study, we assessed the impact of psoriatic DMSCs on keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and glucose metabolism in normal human epidermal keratinocytes co-cultured with or without psoriatic DMSCs. Co-culture of normal human epidermal keratinocytes with psoriatic DMSCs downregulated expression levels of proteins associated with cell junction assembly (alpha-actinin-1, catenin beta-1, poliovirus receptor-related protein 4 and procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2), while upregulating proteins associated with keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation (involucrin, isoform 2 of Histone-binding protein, isoform 3 of Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 and keratin 13). Moreover, co-culture of normal human epidermal keratinocytes with psoriatic DMSCs stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and glycolysis, but reduced keratinocyte junctions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that psoriatic DMSCs increase keratinocyte proliferation and glycolysis, and reduce cell junctions, suggesting a pathogenic role of psoriatic DMSCs in epidermal hyperplasia, aberrant differentiation, and reduction in turnover time of keratinocytes in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Measles Exanthema: A Study of a Series of 13 Adult Cases and Review of the Literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 41:914-923. [PMID: 31021834 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite available vaccination, measles is one of the leading causes of death among young children in developing countries. In clinical practice, the spectrum of differential diagnoses of morbilliform exanthemas associated with fever is wide, and it can be hard to differentiate from other infectious eruptions, especially in adults or in atypical courses in immunocompromised patients. The goal of our study was to identify characteristic histomorphological and immunohistochemical patterns of measles exanthema through the study of 13 skin biopsy specimens obtained from 13 patients with this disease and a review of cases in the literature. Histopathological features of measles exanthema are quite distinctive and characterized by a combination of multinucleated keratinocytes, and individual and clustered necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis with pronounced folliculosebaceous as well as acrosyringeal involvement. Immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsies with anti-measles virus (MeV) nucleoprotein and anti-MeV phosphoprotein can be of great value in confirming the diagnosis of measles. Both methods can serve as quick additional diagnostic tools for prompt implementation of quarantine measures and for providing medical assistance, even in patients in whom the clinician did not consider measles as a differential diagnosis of the rash due to the rarity of the disease in a putatively vaccinated community.
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Navaratnarajah CK, Generous AR, Yousaf I, Cattaneo R. Receptor-mediated cell entry of paramyxoviruses: Mechanisms, and consequences for tropism and pathogenesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2771-2786. [PMID: 31949044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decade has uncovered many new paramyxoviruses, airborne agents that cause epidemic diseases in animals including humans. Most paramyxoviruses enter epithelial cells of the airway using sialic acid as a receptor and cause only mild disease. However, others cross the epithelial barrier and cause more severe disease. For some of these viruses, the host receptors have been identified, and the mechanisms of cell entry have been elucidated. The tetrameric attachment proteins of paramyxoviruses have vastly different binding affinities for their cognate receptors, which they contact through different binding surfaces. Nevertheless, all input signals are converted to the same output: conformational changes that trigger refolding of trimeric fusion proteins and membrane fusion. Experiments with selectively receptor-blinded viruses inoculated into their natural hosts have provided insights into tropism, identifying the cells and tissues that support growth and revealing the mechanisms of pathogenesis. These analyses also shed light on diabolically elegant mechanisms used by morbilliviruses, including the measles virus, to promote massive amplification within the host, followed by efficient aerosolization and rapid spread through host populations. In another paradigm of receptor-facilitated severe disease, henipaviruses, including Nipah and Hendra viruses, use different members of one protein family to cause zoonoses. Specific properties of different paramyxoviruses, like neurotoxicity and immunosuppression, are now understood in the light of receptor specificity. We propose that research on the specific receptors for several newly identified members of the Paramyxoviridae family that may not bind sialic acid is needed to anticipate their zoonotic potential and to generate effective vaccines and antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex R Generous
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Iris Yousaf
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
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Alrayes N, Aziz A, Ullah F, Ishfaq M, Jelani M, Wali A. Novel missense alteration in LRP4 gene underlies Cenani-Lenz syndactyly syndrome in a consanguineous family. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3143. [PMID: 31750994 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndactyly is a clinical feature of split-hand foot malformation (SHFM), ectodermal-dysplasia-syndactyly (EDSS1) and Cenani-Lenz syndactyly syndromes (CLSS). In EDSS1, only cutaneous syndactyly is observed, with sparse hair, abnormal nails and dentition. In SHFM, bony syndactyly may vary from hypoplasia of one phalanx to aplasia of central digits, extending to complete fusion of all fingers and toes in CLSS. Several genes have been assigned to these syndromes. Performing a single step molecular diagnostics becomes a challenge when a phenotype has overlaps with several syndromes or when some of the clinical features are not fully expressed in patients. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis on one sample derived from a consanguineous family was performed. A causative variant in WES data was prioritized via standard bioinformatics tools. The selected variant was Sanger sequenced in all the available family members for autosomal recessive segregation. RESULTS A novel missense variant (c.1151A>G; p.Tyr384Cys) was identified in the LRP4 gene. Sanger validation confirmed that all affected individuals were homozygous and the obligate carriers were heterozygous for this variant. The variant is neither reported in 1000 human genomes, nor in 60 706 exomes databases, and is predicted as "pathogenic" by SIFT, Polyphen-2 and MutationTaster software. CONCLUSIONS The present study broadens the pathogenic spectrum of the LRP4 gene in syndactyly syndromes. WES is a powerful tool for genetic analysis in research and can be readily used as a first-line diagnostic test in syndactyly and related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Alrayes
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
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Zhang J, Liu K, Peng P, Li S, Ye Z, Su Y, Liu S, Qin M, Huang J. Upregulation of nectin-4 is associated with ITGB1 and vasculogenic mimicry and may serve as a predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1163-1170. [PMID: 31423176 PMCID: PMC6607174 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Unlike endothelium-dependent vasculature, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an alternative type of blood supply in tumors that is frequently associated with poor patient outcome. Nectin-4 serves a vital role in the formation and maintenance of adherens junctions; integrin β-1 (ITGB1) promotes tumor invasion, metastasis and VM formation. In the present study, the analysis of nectin-4 mRNA expression in a database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was combined with that of another non-overlapping cohort of 68 patients with CRC. TCGA data were used to examine nectin-4 mRNA expression in CRC and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of patients. Data from the non-overlapping cohort of patients was used to determine nectin-4 and ITGB1 protein expression in CRC by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Cluster of differentiation 34/periodic acid-Schiff double staining was performed to validate the presence of VM formation. The association with, and significance of combining nectin-4, ITGB1 protein expression and VM formation for predicting patient prognosis was evaluated. The TCGA dataset demonstrated that nectin-4 mRNA was upregulated in CRC, which was significantly relate to lymph node metastasis (P=0.0017), distant metastasis (P=0.0045), and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.0015). Of the 68 patients analyzed by IHC staining, 48 (70.6%) were positive for nectin-4, 46 (67.6%) for ITGB1 and 17 (25%) for VM formation. Nectin-4 protein expression was associated with ITGB1 protein expression (P<0.01) and VM formation (P<0.05). Nectin-4, ITGB1 expression and VM formation were associated with distant metastasis stage (P<0.05) and TNM stage (P<0.05). Based on these findings it was concluded that nectin-4 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with normal mucosal tissues, and was associated with ITGB1 expression and VM formation. Furthermore, nectin-4 and ITGB1 protein expression, together with VM formation may be used to predict poor prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Kecheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Siman Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
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Ito M, Nishizawa H, Tsutsumi M, Kato A, Sakabe Y, Noda Y, Ohwaki A, Miyazaki J, Kato T, Shiogama K, Sekiya T, Kurahashi H, Fujii T. Potential role for nectin-4 in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia: a molecular genetic study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:166. [PMID: 30217189 PMCID: PMC6137934 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectins are cell adhesion molecules that play a pivotal role in adherens junctions and tight junctions. Our previous study using whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays revealed that nectin-4 was upregulated in pre-eclamptic placentas. We investigated the role of nectin-4 in the etiology of pre-eclampsia. METHODS We investigated the expression of nectin-4 using real-time RT-PCR, western blot and immunostaining. Additionally, we performed matrigel invasion assay and cytotoxicity assay using cells overexpressing the nectin-4. RESULTS NECTIN4 transcripts were elevated in pre-eclamptic placentas relative to uncomplicated pregnancies. Nectin-4 protein levels in pre-eclamptic placentas were higher on a semi-quantitative western blot. Nectin-4 was localized at the apical cell membrane in syncytiotrophoblast cells and not at the adherens junctions. Nectin-4 was also detected in cytotrophoblasts and a subset of cells in the decidua. Nectin-4 overexpressing trophoblast cells migrated normally in the matrix. However, Natural killer (NK) cells showed a strong cytotoxic effect against nectin-4 overexpressing trophoblast cells. No causative genetic variation was evident in the NECTIN4 gene from a pre-eclamptic placenta. CONCLUSIONS There are as yet unknown factors that induce nectin-4 overexpression in trophoblast cells that may contribute to abnormal placentation via an aberrant immune response and the onset of a pre-eclamptic pregnancy.
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Grants
- Ogyaa Donation Foundation from the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
- grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Makiko Tsutsumi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sakabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohwaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jun Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Division of Morphology and Cell Function, Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takao Sekiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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Ahmad F, Nasir A, Thiele H, Umair M, Borck G, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous missense variant in NECTIN4 (PVRL4) causing ectodermal dysplasia cutaneous syndactyly syndrome. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:232-238. [PMID: 29430627 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia syndactyly syndrome 1 (EDSS1) is a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia including anomalies of hair, nails, and teeth along with bilateral cutaneous syndactyly of hands and feet. In the present report, we performed a clinical and genetic characterization of a consanguineous Pakistani family with four individuals affected by EDSS1. We performed exome sequencing using DNA of one affected individual. Exome data analysis identified a novel homozygous missense variant (c.242T>C; p.(Leu81Pro)) in NECTIN4 (PVRL4). Sanger sequencing validated this variant and confirmed its cosegregation with the disease phenotype in the family members. Thus, our report adds a novel variant to the NECTIN4 mutation spectrum and contributes to the NECTIN4-related clinical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
PURPOSE The cell-cell adhesion molecules, cadherins and nectins, are involved in the formation of adherens junctions. However, involvement of nectins in the corneal endothelium has not yet been established. This study investigated the involvement of nectins in adherens junctions of the corneal endothelium. METHODS Nectin and cadherin expression in the corneal endothelium was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colocalization and direct binding of nectin-1 and N-cadherin to anchoring proteins (afadin and β-catenin, respectively) were determined by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation. The effect of afadin and N-cadherin knockdown on apical junctions was evaluated by immunostaining. RESULTS Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed nectin-1, nectin-2, nectin-3, nectin-4, and afadin expression in the corneal endothelium. Immunofluorescence staining showed colocalization of nectin and afadin at the basal side of the tight junction (where adherens junctions typically locate) and immunoprecipitation confirmed direct binding of nectin to afadin. N-cadherin, P-cadherin, VE-cadherin, and OB-cadherin messenger RNAs were expressed in the corneal endothelium. N-cadherin and β-catenin colocalized at the cell-cell border, where they directly bound and formed a cell-cell adhesion complex. N-cadherin knockdown disrupted the normal expression pattern of zonula occludens protein-1 and afadin, but afadin knockdown had no effect on the expression pattern of zonula occludens protein-1 and N-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS We believe this to be the first report of conservation of the nectin-afadin system in the corneal endothelium and its involvement in the formation of adherens junctions. N-cadherin, as a member of the cadherin family, is also essential for the formation and maintenance of cell-cell adhesion mediated by nectins and tight junctions in the corneal endothelium.
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48
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Florian R, Gruber R, Volc-Platzer B. A novel homozygous mutation in PVRL4 causes ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome 1. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:223-226. [PMID: 29265343 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a group of hereditary disorders defined by alterations in two or more ectodermal structures. One recently described rare entity is the autosomal recessive inherited ectodermal dysplasia-syndactyly syndrome 1 (EDSS1). Homozygous and compound heterozygous missense and nonsense mutations in the poliovirus receptor related-4 (PVRL4) gene, encoding cell adhesion molecule nectin-4, have been identified as causal for EDSS1. We here report a consanguineous family with a 2-year-old girl featuring EDSS1, including slowly progressive alopecia on the head, pili torti-like twisted hairs in trichoscopy, widely spaced, peg-shaped and conical teeth, proximal syndactyly with fusion of the 2nd to 4th toes, and generalized dry skin. There was no palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and sweating appeared normal to slightly enhanced, especially on the head. Using exome sequencing, we identified the novel homozygous nonsense mutation c.229C>T (p.Gln77Ter) in PVRL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Florian
- Department of Dermatology, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost (Donauspital), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrix Volc-Platzer
- Department of Dermatology, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost (Donauspital), Vienna, Austria
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49
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M-Rabet M, Bertucci F, Birnbaum D, Lopez M. [Triple-negative breast cancer therapy via nectin-4 targeting]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:936-939. [PMID: 29200388 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173311007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manel M-Rabet
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM (Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille), Équipe immunité et cancer, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Équipe oncologie moléculaire, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France - Département d'oncologie médicale, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Équipe oncologie moléculaire, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Lopez
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Équipe oncologie moléculaire, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
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50
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Lough KJ, Byrd KM, Spitzer DC, Williams SE. Closing the Gap: Mouse Models to Study Adhesion in Secondary Palatogenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1210-1220. [PMID: 28817360 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517726284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary palatogenesis occurs when the bilateral palatal shelves (PS), arising from maxillary prominences, fuse at the midline, forming the hard and soft palate. This embryonic phenomenon involves a complex array of morphogenetic events that require coordinated proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and adhesion in the PS epithelia and underlying mesenchyme. When the delicate process of craniofacial morphogenesis is disrupted, the result is orofacial clefting, including cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/P). Through human genetic and animal studies, there are now hundreds of known genetic alternations associated with orofacial clefts; so, it is not surprising that CL/P is among the most common of all birth defects. In recent years, in vitro cell-based assays, ex vivo palate cultures, and genetically engineered animal models have advanced our understanding of the developmental and cell biological pathways that contribute to palate closure. This is particularly true for the areas of PS patterning and growth as well as medial epithelial seam dissolution during palatal fusion. Here, we focus on epithelial cell-cell adhesion, a critical but understudied process in secondary palatogenesis, and provide a review of the available tools and mouse models to better understand this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lough
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K M Byrd
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D C Spitzer
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Williams
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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