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Qi J, Matsumoto Y, Xie C, Rashed F, Ono T, Aoki K. Prevention of bone dehiscence associated with orthodontic tooth movement by prophylactic injection of bone anabolic agents in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15749. [PMID: 38977767 PMCID: PMC11231170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although bone dehiscence may occur during orthodontic tooth movement into the narrow alveolar ridge, a non-invasive prevention method is yet to be fully established. We show for the first time prevention of bone dehiscence associated with orthodontic tooth movement by prophylactic injection of bone anabolic agents in mice. In this study, we established a bone dehiscence mouse model by applying force application and used the granular type of scaffold materials encapsulated with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and OP3-4, the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-binding peptide, for the prophylactic injection to the alveolar bone. In vivo micro-computed tomography revealed bone dehiscence with decreased buccal alveolar bone thickness and height after force application, whereas no bone dehiscence was observed with the prophylactic injection after force application, and alveolar bone thickness and height were kept at similar levels as those in the control group. Bone histomorphometry analyses revealed that both bone formation and resorption parameters were significantly higher in the injection with force application group than in the force application without the prophylactic injection group. These findings suggest that the prophylactic local delivery of bone anabolic reagents can prevent bone dehiscence with increased bone remodelling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Cangyou Xie
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fatma Rashed
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Huang ACS, Ishida Y, Hatano-sato K, Oishi S, Hosomichi J, Usumi-fujita R, Yamaguchi H, Tsujimoto H, Sasai A, Ochi A, Ono T. NF-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide-Loaded Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nanospheres Facilitate Socket Healing in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5223. [PMID: 38791262 PMCID: PMC11121581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic space closure following tooth extraction is often hindered by alveolar bone deficiency. This study investigates the therapeutic use of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides loaded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanospheres (PLGA-NfDs) to mitigate alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) following the bilateral extraction of maxillary first molars in a controlled experiment involving forty rats of OTM model with ethics approved. The decreased tendency of the OTM distance and inclination angle with increased bone volume and improved trabecular bone structure indicated minimized alveolar bone destruction. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated the suppression of inflammation and bone resorption by downregulating the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cathepsin K, NF-κB p65, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand while provoking periodontal regeneration by upregulating the expression of alkaline phosphatase, transforming growth factor-β1, osteopontin, and fibroblast growth factor-2. Importantly, relative gene expression over the maxillary second molar compression side in proximity to the alveolus highlighted the pharmacological effect of intra-socket PLGA-NfD administration, as evidenced by elevated osteocalcin expression, indicative of enhanced osteocytogenesis. These findings emphasize that locally administered PLGA-NfD serves as an effective inflammatory suppressor and yields periodontal regenerative responses following tooth extraction.
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Grants
- 20K18750 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20K18750) (KAKENHI), from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan (Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo)
- 21BA100275 Joint research agreement (21BA100275), funding for some of the research reagents and medicine for NF-κB decoy ODNs (NfD) and NF-κB decoy ODN-loaded PLGA NS (PLGA-NfDs) used in the study were provided by AnGes, Inc. and HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert chun-shuo Huang
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Kasumi Hatano-sato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Shuji Oishi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Risa Usumi-fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Tsujimoto
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan; (H.T.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Aiko Sasai
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan; (H.T.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayaka Ochi
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan; (H.T.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
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Rintanalert D, Ishida Y, Huang ACS, Hatano-Sato K, Li K, Chantarawaratit PO, Usumi-Fujita R, Hosomichi J, Ono T. SDF-1 involvement in orthodontic tooth movement after tooth extraction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5048. [PMID: 38424199 PMCID: PMC10904391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis plays a key role in alveolar bone metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Herein, the effects of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis on the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in OTM velocity and on changes in the surrounding periodontium after adjacent tooth extraction in rats were investigated. Six-week-old male Wistar/ST rats underwent left maxillary first molar (M1) extraction and mesial OTM of the left maxillary second molar (M2) with a 10-g force closed-coil spring. Phosphate-buffered saline, immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype control antibody, or anti-SDF-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody were injected at the M1 and M2 interproximal areas (10 μg/0.1 mL) for the first three days. Analyses were performed after 1, 3, and 7 days (n = 7). The results demonstrated a significant increase in SDF-1 expression from day 1, which was effectively blocked via anti-SDF-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody injection. On day 3, the M2 OTM distance and the number of positively stained osteoclasts significantly reduced alongside a reduction in inflammatory markers in the experimental group. Our results demonstrated that serial local injection of the anti-SDF-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody reduces M2 OTM, osteoclast accumulation, and localized inflammatory responses in an OTM model with tooth extraction-induced RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangtawan Rintanalert
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert Chun-Shuo Huang
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kasumi Hatano-Sato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Pintu-On Chantarawaratit
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Risa Usumi-Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Verdecchia A, Suárez-Fernández C, Miquel A, Bardini G, Spinas E. Biological Effects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement on the Periodontium in Regenerated Bone Defects: A Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38534275 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review is to analyse the biological effects of the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in areas with bone defects that are undergoing regeneration using different types of regenerative materials and techniques. The electronic research was performed on four databases as follows: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data were extracted according to publication information, study design, sample characteristics, parameters of OTM, biological repercussions on the periodontium complex, methods of analysis, and conclusions. A total of thirty studies were included in the final review. In twenty-two studies, the most widely adopted grafting materials were alloplastics. In most studies, the orthodontic force used was 10 or 100 g, and the timing of application ranged from immediate to 6 months after grafting surgery. Twenty-four studies showed an increase in osteogenesis; in five studies, the clinical attachment level (CAL) increased; in five others, the probing pocket depth (PPD) decreased; in sixteen studies, there was root resorption of a different magnitude. Though the effects of OTM on the periodontium in the grafted areas were positive, the outcomes should be interpreted with caution as future preclinical and clinical studies are needed to extrapolate more valid conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Verdecchia
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlota Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrea Miquel
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Periodontology and Implantology, Mississippi Institution, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Bardini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Spinas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Postgraduate School in Orthodontics, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Martin C, Sanz M. Orthodontic tooth movement after periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects. Korean J Orthod 2024; 54:3-15. [PMID: 38268459 PMCID: PMC10811355 DOI: 10.4041/kjod24.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of intrabony defects in patients with advanced periodontitis stages III and IV is high. These patients usually need both periodontal treatment and orthodontic therapy, including tooth movement through bone defects, to improve masticatory function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines recommend periodontal regenerative surgical interventions to resolve these defects and propose initiating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) once periodontal therapy goals have been met. Surgical interventions using various regenerative technologies like barrier membranes and enamel matrix proteins, combined or not with bone replacement grafts, have proven effective in regenerating lost periodontal tissues. However, the combination of periodontal and orthodontic treatments requires consideration of how periodontal regenerative therapies influence OTM. Studies suggest that regenerated bone may differ in density, composition, vascularity, and cellular activity, potentially affecting the speed and efficiency of OTM, and potential root resorption of moved teeth. Understanding the sequence and timing of implementing OTM after regenerative periodontal interventions is crucial due to their interlinked processes of bone resorption and formation. This narrative review aims to uncover scientific evidence regarding these combined treatments, examining the impacts of different regenerative technologies on OTM and delineating their advantages, limitations, and best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchita Martin
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Deng J, Zhuang ZM, Xu X, Han B, Song GY, Xu TM. Mechanical force increases tooth movement and promotes remodeling of alveolar bone defects augmented with bovine bone mineral. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:2. [PMID: 38185724 PMCID: PMC10772054 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a region containing alveolar bone defects with insufficient height and width is hard to achieve. Bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) is available to restore the alveolar defect; however, whether the region augmented with a bovine bone mineral graft (BG) is feasible for OTM, and the mechanisms by which macrophages remodel the BG material, is uncertain under the mechanical force induced by OTM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: OTM (O), OTM + BG material (O + B), and Control (C). First molars were extracted to create bone defects in the O and O + B groups with bovine bone mineral grafting in the latter. Second molars received OTM towards the bone defects in both groups. After 28 days, maxillae were analyzed using microfocus-computed tomography (μCT) and scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM); and macrophages (M1/M2) were stained using immunofluorescence. THP-1 cell-induced macrophages were cultured under mechanical force (F), BG material (B), or both (F + B). Phagocytosis-related signaling molecules (cAMP/PKA/RAC1) were analyzed, and conditioned media was analyzed for MMP-9 and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4). RESULTS Our study demonstrated that alveolar defects grafted with BG materials are feasible for OTM, with significantly increased OTM distance, bone volume, and trabecular thickness in this region. SEM observation revealed that the grafts served as a scaffold for cells to migrate and remodel the BG materials in the defect during OTM. Moreover, the population of M2 macrophages increased markedly both in vivo and in cell culture, with enhanced phagocytosis via the cAMP/PKA/RAC1 pathway in response to mechanical force in combination with BG particles. By contrast, M1 macrophage populations were decreased under the same circumstances. In addition, M2 macrophage polarization was also indicated by elevated IL-4 levels, reduced IL-1β levels, and less active MMP-9 in cell culture. CONCLUSION This study explored the mechanisms of mechanical force-induced alveolar bone remodeling with bovine bone mineral grafts during OTM. The results might provide molecular insights into the related clinical problems of whether we can move teeth into the grafted materials; and how these materials become biologically remodeled and degraded under mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Meng Zhuang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Ying Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Abe T, Kunimatsu R, Tanimoto K. Comparison of Orthodontic Tooth Movement of Regenerated Bone Induced by Carbonated Hydroxyapatite or Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral in Beagle Dogs. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:112. [PMID: 38203967 PMCID: PMC10779819 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatments often involve tooth movement to improve dental alignment. In this study, we aimed to compare tooth movement in regenerated bone induced by two different bone fillers, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CAP) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Four beagle dogs were used in this comparative study. The first, second, and fourth lower mandibular premolars (P1, P2, and P4) on both sides of the mouth were extracted, and CAP was implanted into the extraction site on the left side and DBBM into the right side. Following regenerative bone healing, orthodontic devices were attached to perform orthodontic tooth movement of the lower third mandibular premolar (P3) on both sides. X-ray examination, intraoral scan, and histological analysis were performed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Bone regeneration and orthodontic tooth movement were observed in the CAP and DBBM groups. Histologically, normal periodontal tissue remodeling was observed on the compression and tension sides of CAP and DBBM. No statistical difference was observed in the number of osteoclasts around the periodontal ligament and the root resorption area. Orthodontic tooth movement of regenerated bone induced by CAP and DBBM was therefore achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Abe
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
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Xu X, Peng D, Zhou B, Lin K, Wang S, Zhao W, Zheng M, Yang J, Guo J. Demineralized dentin matrix promotes gingival healing in alveolar ridge preservation of premolars extracted for orthodontic reason: a split-mouth study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1281649. [PMID: 37929019 PMCID: PMC10622762 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) in decreasing the initial inflammatory response of the gingiva and facilitating the repair and regeneration of soft tissue in alveolar ridge preservation. Methods This clinical study employed a split-mouth design. Fourteen patients with a total of forty-four sites underwent extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures. A Bilaterally symmetrical extraction operation were conducted on the premolars of each patient. The experimental group received DDM as a graft material for ARP, while the control group underwent natural healing. Within the first month postoperatively, the pain condition, color, and swelling status of the extraction sites were initially assessed at different time points Subsequently, measurements were taken for buccal gingival margin height, buccal-lingual width, extraction socket contour, and the extraction socket area and healing rate were digitally measured. Additionally, Alcian Blue staining was used for histological evaluation of the content during alveolar socket healing. Results Both groups experienced uneventful healing, with no adverse reactions observed at any of the extraction sites. The differences in VAS pain scores between the two groups postoperatively were not statistically significant. In the early stage of gingival tissue healing (3 days postoperatively), there were statistically significant differences in gingival condition and buccal gingival margin height between the two groups. In the later stage of gingival tissue healing (7, 14, and 30 days postoperatively), there were statistically significant differences in buccal-lingual width, extraction socket healing area, and healing rate between the two groups. Furthermore, the histological results from Alcian Blue staining suggested that the experimental group may play a significant role in promoting gingival tissue healing, possibly by regulating inflammatory responses when compared to the control group. Conclusion The application of DDM in alveolar ridge preservation has been found to diminish initial gingival inflammation after tooth extraction. Additionally, it has shown the ability to accelerate early gingival soft tissue healing and preserve its anatomical contour. Clinical trial registration chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100050650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Dongsheng Peng
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bowei Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaijin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minqian Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Dawood HM, Kroeger A, Chavda V, Chapple ILC, Kebschull M. Under pressure-mechanisms and risk factors for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:612-626. [PMID: 37366151 PMCID: PMC10505745 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of orthodontic forces causes root resorption of variable severity with potentially severe clinical ramifications. OBJECTIVE To systematically review reports on the pathophysiological mechanisms of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and the associated risk factors based on in vitro, experimental, and in vivo studies. SEARCH METHODS We undertook an electronic search of four databases and a separate hand-search. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies reporting on the effect of orthodontic forces with/without the addition of potential risk factors on OIIRR, including (1) gene expression in in-vitro studies, the incidence root resorption in (2) animal studies, and (3) human studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Potential hits underwent a two-step selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and systematic appraisal performed by duplicate examiners. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies varied considerably in methodology, reporting of results, and variable risk of bias judgements.In summary, the variable evidence identified supports the notion that the application of orthodontic forces leads to (1) characteristic alterations of molecular expression profiles in vitro, (2) an increased rate of OIIRR in animal models, as well as (3) in human studies. Importantly, the additional presence of risk factors such as malocclusion, previous trauma, and medications like corticosteroids increased the severity of OIIRR, whilst other factors decreased its severity, including oral contraceptives, baicalin, and high caffeine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the systematically reviewed evidence, OIIRR seems to be an inevitable consequence of the application of orthodontic forces-with different risk factors modifying its severity. Our review has identified several molecular mechanisms that can help explain this link between orthodontic forces and OIIRR. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the available eligible literature was in part significantly confounded by bias and was characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, suggesting that the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021243431).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Dawood
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annika Kroeger
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vinay Chavda
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Alalola B, Asiri A, Binmoghaiseeb I, Baharoon W, Alrassi Y, Alanizy B, Alsayari H. Impact of Bone-Grafting Materials on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44535. [PMID: 37790063 PMCID: PMC10544668 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontists may encounter patients with alveolar bony defects, which are often treated with various bone-grafting materials. The effects of different bone-grafting materials on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) are of concern to orthodontists. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the current status of the literature that reports on the effects of different bone-grafting materials on OTM in terms of the rate and side effects. An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases and Google Scholar was performed. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening process using COVIDENCE™, and a third reviewer resolved any conflicts. SYRCLE's (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's) risk-of-bias tool for animal studies was utilized to assess the quality of the included studies. Out of 457 initial titles, 11 studies were finally included for data extraction. All of the included studies were animal experiments, and none of them were considered to have a low risk of bias. The included studies had varied results. However, a general tendency existed, whereby OTM in surgically treated areas with no bone grafting presented the highest OTM rate. In cases where a bone graft was used, xenografts revealed the highest OTM rate, followed by alloplasts. Lastly, the use of allografts resulted in the slowest OTM rates. The most common side effect was root resorption. In conclusion, there is a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the effects of bone-grafting materials on OTM rate. Due to the lack of human subjects, RCTs, and the heterogeneity of subjects in the current literature, the impact of bone-grafting materials on OTM deserves further investigations using more rigorous scientific methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Alalola
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali Asiri
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, GBR
| | - Ibraheem Binmoghaiseeb
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Waleed Baharoon
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Yazeed Alrassi
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Bandar Alanizy
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hesham Alsayari
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
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11
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Lin Y, Fu ML, Harb I, Ma LX, Tran SD. Functional Biomaterials for Local Control of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:294. [PMID: 37367258 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs with the application of a controlled mechanical force and results in coordinated tissue resorption and formation in the surrounding bone and periodontal ligament. The turnover processes of the periodontal and bone tissue are associated with specific signaling factors, such as Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-β Ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), etc., which can be regulated by different biomaterials, promoting or inhibiting bone remodeling during OTM. Different bone substitutes or bone regeneration materials have also been applied to repair alveolar bone defects followed by orthodontic treatment. Those bioengineered bone graft materials also change the local environment that may or may not affect OTM. This article aims to review functional biomaterials that were applied locally to accelerate OTM for a shorter duration of orthodontic treatment or impede OTM for retention purposes, as well as various alveolar bone graft materials which may affect OTM. This review article summarizes various types of biomaterials that can be locally applied to affect the process of OTM, along with their potential mechanisms of action and side effects. The functionalization of biomaterials can improve the solubility or intake of biomolecules, leading to better outcomes in terms of increasing or decreasing the speed of OTM. The ideal timing for initiating OTM is generally considered to be 8 weeks post-grafting. However, more evidence is needed from human studies to fully understand the effects of these biomaterials, including any potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Moyu Lara Fu
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ingrid Harb
- Division of Dentistry, Montreal Children's Hospital and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Lisa Xiaolu Ma
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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12
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Möhlhenrich SC, Kniha K, Heitzer M, Magnuska Z, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Gremse F, Chhatwani S, Hölzle F, Modabber A, Danesh G. Correlations between radiological and histological findings of bone remodelling and root resorption in a rodent cleft model. Head Face Med 2022; 18:33. [DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The evaluation of bone remodelling and dental root resorption can be performed by histological techniques or micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these two procedures in the context of cleft repair in a rat model.
Methods
The reconstructed maxillae and the orthodontically-moved first molar of 12 rats were analysed for correlations between the histological and radiological findings retrospectively. The alveolar cleft repairs were performed using bone autografts or (human) xenografts. Four weeks after the operation, the intervention of the first molar protraction was initiated and lasted for eight weeks. The newly formed bone and the root resorption lacunae were determined via histology. In the micro-CT analysis, the average change of bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness and trabecular separation of the jaw, as well as the volume of the root resorptions were determined. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to study the associations between groups.
Results
Positive correlations were found only between the newly formed bone (histology) and BMD changes (micro-CT) in the autograft group (r = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.979, p = 0.05). The relationship of newly formed bone and BV/TV was similar but not statistically significant (r = 0.691, 95% CI: −0.274 to 0.963, p = 0.013). Regarding root resorption, no significant correlations were found.
Conclusions
Due to the lack of correlation between histological and radiological findings of bone remodelling and the development of root resorptions, both methods should be combined in this cleft model in rats for a comprehensive analysis.
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13
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Möhlhenrich SC, Kniha K, Magnuska Z, Chhatwani S, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Gremse F, Hölzle F, Danesh G, Modabber A. Development of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement after cleft repair using different grafting materials in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5809-5821. [PMID: 35567639 PMCID: PMC9474460 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of three grafting materials for cleft repair on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Artificial alveolar clefts were created in 21 Wistar rats and were repaired 4 weeks later using autografts, human xenografts and synthetic bone substitute (beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite [β-TCP/HA]). A further 4 weeks later, the first molar was moved into the reconstructed maxilla. Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) was performed six times (T0-T5) to assess the tooth movement and root resorption. After 8 weeks, the affected reconstructed jaw was resected for histopathological investigation. RESULTS Total distances reached ranged from 0.82 ± 0.72 mm (β-TCP/HA) to 0.67 ± 0.27 mm (autograft). The resorption was particularly determined at the mesiobuccal root. Descriptive tooth movement slowed and root resorption increased slightly. However, neither the radiological changes during tooth movement (µCT T1 vs. µCT T5: autograft 1.85 ± 0.39 mm3 vs. 2.38 ± 0.35 mm3, p = 0.30; human xenograft 1.75 ± 0.45 mm3 vs. 2.17 ± 0.26 mm3, p = 0.54; β-TCP/HA: 1.52 ± 0.42 mm3 vs. 1.88 ± 0.41 mm3, p = 0.60) nor the histological differences after tooth movement (human xenograft: 0.078 ± 0.05 mm2; β-TCP/HA: 0.067 ± 0.049 mm2; autograft: 0.048 ± 0.015 mm2) were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The autografts, human xenografts or synthetic bone substitute used for cleft repair seem to have a similar effect on the subsequent orthodontic tooth movement and the associated root resorptions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Development of root resorptions seems to have a secondary role in choosing a suitable grafting material for cleft repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Magnuska
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Nanomedicine and Theragnostic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sachin Chhatwani
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Nanomedicine and Theragnostic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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14
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Yashwant V A, Balu P, Kumar RS, Ammayappan P, Murugaboopathy V. Effectiveness of platelet rich fibrin versus demineralized bone xenograft in periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics: A pilot comparative clinical study. Angle Orthod 2021; 92:180-188. [PMID: 34813645 DOI: 10.2319/030821-184.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the rate of extraction space closure between periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) (Group 1) and PAOO using demineralized bone xenograft (DMBM) (Group 2) and to compare the level of wound healing between the PRF group vs the DMBM group after PAOO. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-arm prospective single blind pilot study with a split-mouth design was used in which 14 patients requiring premolar extraction were divided into two groups: PRF and DMBM. En-masse space closure was carried out with using mini implants after the PAOO procedure. The amount of space closure was measured at five time points with 2-week intervals within 2 months. The gingival healing levels were assessed using early wound healing scores on the first postoperative day. RESULTS The rate of extraction space closure was faster in the experimental quadrant at all time points (T1-T4) in the PRF group and at time points (T3, T4) in the DMBM group. Comparison between experimental quadrants showed a significant increase in the rate of space closure in the PRF group T1 to T3 (P < .05). The PRF group showed higher total early healing scores than the DMBM group. CONCLUSIONS PRF, when used in the PAOO procedure, produces a faster rate of space closure with better early wound healing than DMBM.
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15
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Timing of orthodontic tooth movement in bone defects repaired with synthetic scaffolds: A scoping review of animal studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105278. [PMID: 34634537 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal timing of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) could allow earlier tooth movements across alveolar bone defects while minimizing the adverse effects. The objective of this scoping systematic review was therefore designed to review pre-clinical animal studies on the ideal protocol for the timing of orthodontic traction across alveolar defects augmented with synthetic scaffolds. DESIGN Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, three electronic databases were searched (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science). RESULTS A total of twelve studies were included in the final review that reported on small-animal (rats, guinea pigs, rabbits) and large-animal (dogs and goats) models. Based on the grafting biomaterials, eight papers used cell-free scaffolds, four articles utilised cell-based scaffolds. The timing protocol for the initiation of OTM employed in the studies ranged from immediate to 6 months after surgical grafting. Only four studies included autologous bone graft (gold standard) as positive control. Most papers reported positive results with regards to the rate of OTM and bone augmentation effects while only a few reported side effects such as root resorptions. Overall, the included articles showed a massive heterogeneity in terms of the animal bone defect model characteristics, scaffold materials, study designs, parameters of OTM and methods of analysis. CONCLUSION Since there was inadequate evidence to identify the optimal protocol of OTM, optimization of animal bone defect models and outcome measurements is needed to improve the translational ability of future studies.
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16
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Abstract
Autologous cancellous bone (ACB) grafting is the "gold standard" treatment for delayed bone union. However, small animal models for such grafts are lacking. Here, we developed an ACB graft rat model. Anatomical information regarding the iliac structure was recorded from five rat cadavers (10 ilia). Additionally, 5 and 25 rats were used as controls and ACB graft models, respectively. A defect was created in rat femurs and filled with ACB. Post-graft neo-osteogenic potential was assessed by radiographic evaluation and histological analysis. Iliac bone harvesting yielded the maximum amount of cancellous bone with minimal invasiveness, considering the position of parailiac nerves and vessels. The mean volume of cancellous bone per rat separated from the cortical bone was 73.8 ± 5.5 mm3. Bone union was evident in all ACB graft groups at 8 weeks, and new bone volume significantly increased every 2 weeks (P < 0.001). Histological analysis demonstrated the ability of ACB grafts to act as a scaffold and promote bone union in the defect. In conclusion, we established a stable rat model of ACB grafts by harvesting the iliac bone. This model can aid in investigating ACB grafts and development of novel therapies for bone injury.
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17
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Xiao S, Li L, Yao J, Wang L, Li K, Yang C, Wang C, Fan Y. Microcracks on the Rat Root Surface Induced by Orthodontic Force, Crack Extension Simulation, and Proteomics Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2228-2242. [PMID: 33686616 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption is a common complication during orthodontic treatment. Microcracks occur on the root surface after an orthodontic force is applied and may be related to the root resorption caused by the orthodontic process. However, the mechanisms underlying root resorption induced by microcracks remain unclear. In this study, a rat orthodontic model was used to investigate the biological mechanisms of root resorption caused by microcracks. First, the first molar was loaded with 0.5-N orthodontic force for 7 days, and microcracks were observed on the root apex surface using a scanning electron microscope. Second, to describe the mechanical principle resulting in microcracks, a finite element model of rat orthodontics was established, which showed that a maximum stress on the root apex can cause microcrack extension. Third, after 7 days of loading in vivo, histological observation revealed that root resorption occurred in the stress concentration area and cementoclasts appeared in the resorption cavity. Finally, proteomics analysis of the root apex area, excluding the periodontal ligament, revealed that the NOX2, Aifm1, and MAPK signaling pathways were involved in the root resorption process. Microcrack extension on the root surface increases calcium ion concentrations, alters the proteins related to root resorption, and promotes cementoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhao Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaimin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chongshi Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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Evaluation of different grafting materials for alveolar cleft repair in the context of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13586. [PMID: 34193933 PMCID: PMC8245488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To minimize the postoperative risks posed by grafting autologous transplants for cleft repair, efforts are being made to improve grafting materials for use as potential alternatives. The aim of this study was to compare the bone graft quality of different bone substitutes including the gold standard autografts during the healing processes after cleft repair in the context of orthodontic treatment. In 21 Wistar rats, a complete, continuity-interrupting cleft was created. After 4 weeks, cleft repair was performed using autografts from the hips’ ischial tuberosity, human xenografts, or synthetic bone substitutes [beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA)]. After another 4 weeks, the first molar movement was initiated in the reconstructed jaw for 8 weeks. The bone remodeling was analyzed in vivo using micro-computed tomography (bone mineral density and bone volume fraction) and histology (new bone formation). All the grafting materials were statistically different in bone morphology, which changed during the treatment period. The β-TCP/HA substitute demonstrated less resorption compared to the autologous and xenogeneic/human bone, and the autografts led to a stronger reaction in the surrounding bone. Histologically, the highest level of new bone formation was found in the human xenografts, and the lowest was found in the β-TCP/HA substitute. The differences between the two bone groups and the synthetic materials were statistically significant. Autografts were confirmed to be the gold standard in cleft repair with regard to graft integration. However, parts of the human xenograft seemed comparable to the autografts. Thus, this substitute could perhaps be used as an alternative after additional tissue-engineered modification.
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19
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Lu J, Wang Z, Zhang H, Xu W, Zhang C, Yang Y, Zheng X, Xu J. Bone Graft Materials for Alveolar Bone Defects in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:35-51. [PMID: 33307972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) across the narrow alveolar ridge area inevitably entails some adverse reactions such as limited movement and periodontal tissue damage. Hence, it is essential to reconstruct the morphology of the alveolar crest before the tooth movement. Unlike the routine reconstruction of alveolar ridge in the field of implant, the orthodontic practices are distinctive, which require dental movement across the constructed alveolar ridge with safety and stability. Herein, we addressed the pros and cons of reconstruction of the defected orthodontic alveolar ridge with different bone graft materials. Attention is also paid to other factors such as the postgraft initiation time of OTM that can substantially influence the bone reconstruction and tooth movement effect. Rather, considering the lack of a unified standard in orthodontic clinics related to bone reconstruction for OTM, we provide some recommendations and guidance for OTM through alveolar ridge defect area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zishuo Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianyu Zheng
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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20
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Establishing a new alveolar cleft model in rats to investigate the influence of jaw reconstructions on orthodontic tooth movement. Ann Anat 2021; 236:151713. [PMID: 33675947 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present investigation was to develop a new cleft model in rats that allows alveolar cleft repair and subsequent tooth movement. METHODS A complete continuity-interrupting alveolar cleft was performed on the left-side maxillae of 33 rats through ultrasonic surgery. The clefts were filled with bone wax, and microCT scans were done to analyze the cleft size. After four weeks, the cleft repair was completed using autologous, xenogeneic (human), or synthetic bone substitute. After an additional four weeks, the orthodontic tooth movement was initiated. RESULTS Fourteen rats died during the research, and the study design was constantly adapted accordingly. The main reasons for death included breathing problems during or immediately after the experimental activities (eight animals), followed by two deaths due to circulatory failures. In the remaining 19 animals, the average cleft size was about 2.70 ± 0.46 × 2.01 ± 0.25 × 1.18 ± 0.20 mm, and the mean velocity of orthodontic tooth movement after seven days was between 0.21 ± 0.08 mm in the autologous group and 0.50 ± 0.54 mm in the xenogeneic group. After 56 days, the mean values ranged between 0.67 ± 0.27 mm in the autologous group and 0.82 ± 0.72 mm in the synthetic group. CONCLUSIONS Surgical interventions in the oral cavity of rats requires a stronger anesthesia and lead to increased risk of coolant and coagulated blood aspiration. The new alveolar cleft model in rats allows for subsequent orthodontic tooth movement after cleft repair, but only in the mesial root of the first molar.
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Möhlhenrich SC, Kniha K, Magnuska Z, Gremse F, Peters F, Danesh G, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Ischial tuberosity: new donor site for bone grafts in animal cleft research. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20699. [PMID: 33244089 PMCID: PMC7691372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of cleft repair in animal research in rat models, different areas can be used for bone grafting. The aim of the present study was to present the tuberosity of the ischium as a new donor site and to evaluate its quality in relation to an artificial alveolar cleft. Four weeks after creating experimental alveolar clefts in seven Wistar rats, the repair was performed in the now twelve-week-old male animals using bone blocks grafted from the ischial tuberosity. Two days before surgery and two as well as twenty-eight days after surgery, microCT scans were performed, and the grafted bone blocks were analyzed regarding height, width, thickness, and volume. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were measured in the repaired cleft. The mean bone volume of the graft was about 19.77 ± 7.77mm3. Immediately after jaw reconstruction the BMD and BV/TV were about 0.54 ± 0.05 g/cm3 and 54.9 ± 5.07% for the transplant and about 1.13 ± 0.08 g/cm3 and 94.5 ± 3.70%, respectively, for the surrounding bone. Four weeks later the BMD and BV/TV were about 0.57 ± 0.13 g/cm3 and 56.60 ± 13.70% for the transplant and about 11.17 ± 0.07 g/cm3 and 97.50 ± 2.15%, respectively, for the surrounding bone. A hip fracture was found in four of the animals after surgery. The ischial tuberosity offers large bone blocks, which are sufficient for cleft repair in the rat model. However, the bone quality regarding BMD and BV/TV is less compared with the surrounding bone of the alveolar cleft, even after a period of 4 weeks, despite recognizable renovation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Christian Möhlhenrich
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Magnuska
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Klein Y, Kunthawong N, Fleissig O, Casap N, Polak D, Chaushu S. The impact of alloplast and allograft on bone homeostasis: Orthodontic tooth movement into regenerated bone. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1067-1075. [PMID: 31887228 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to examine bone healing following augmentation with allograft or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) into the augmented sites. METHODS The study included two parts. Part I included the alveolar bone regeneration model. Osseous defects were created by extraction of the maxillary first molars in C57BL/6 mice, and the sockets were filled with allograft, β-TCP, or left unfilled (n = 6/group). Mouse allograft was prepared by a novel method using long bones. Maxillae were collected at 2, 4, and 6 weeks for microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histological analysis. In Part II, OTM was performed after full bone healing, through grafted and unfilled sockets (n = 10/group), and the second molar shift was assessed using μCT. RESULTS Bone volume and trabeculation were reduced in β-TCP compared with allograft and non-grafted groups at 2 and 4 weeks post-grafting, but similar at 6 weeks. Graft particles could be detected at 2 weeks post-grafting for β-TCP, and at 2 and 4 weeks for allograft. Increased osteoclasts' presence was observed in the β-TCP group at 2 and 4 weeks compared with allograft and control. OTM was similar in the two graft groups, but impaired versus the non-grafted controls. CONCLUSION β-TCP and allograft induce full normal healing but alter OTM into the regenerated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Klein
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Natthapong Kunthawong
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Fleissig
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nardi Casap
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Combined mentalis weakening and periosteal flaps in mandibular anterior alveolar corticotomy-assisted orthodontics with bone grafting. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2020; 122:311-314. [PMID: 32442636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inter-alveolar augmented corticotomies with bone grafting may be used before orthodontic treatment in cases of root out or in major proclination movements in the lower anterior region. Bone graft particle spreading with reduced confinement and strong labial muscle contractions may cause graft resorption. Herein we describe a combined orthodontic corticotomy technique involving periosteal flap grafting confinement and a surgical muscle-weakening flap to avoid resorption.
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Gümrükçü Z, Kurt S, Köse S. Effect of Root Resection Length and Graft Type Used After Apical Resection: A Finite Element Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:1770.e1-1770.e8. [PMID: 31153936 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apical resection is a surgical technique that involves removing a tooth's root tip and sealing the apical extent of the root canal system. However, evidence-based information on the biomechanical effects of apically resected tooth determinants is lacking. The aim of the present study was to examine the biomechanical effects of using different graft materials and the effect of different resection quantities on the tooth radix. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty finite element models of mandibular central incisors with 1-cm defects in their apical regions were constructed using SolidWorks software (SolidWorks, Waltham, MA). Resections of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm were created at the root tips, and tissue regeneration was simulated in the empty cavity models using the material properties of healed bone, an allograft, a xenograft, and hydroxyapatite to the grafts used to fill the apical sites. A 100-N force was applied to the various groups of teeth in the oblique (45°) direction, and the maximal von Mises stress and displacement values were determined using Ansys, version 16, software (ANSYS, Inc, Canonsburg, PA). RESULTS The highest of these values was observed in the 5-mm resected and empty model. Increasing the resection amount caused the stress and displacement to increase. The lowest stress and deformation values were seen in the hydroxyapatite group, followed by the xenograft group and the allograft group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have shown that grafting into the apical defect provides biomechanical support for resection of the root structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Gümrükçü
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Sevda Kurt
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sinan Köse
- Trabzon Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Trabzon, Turkey
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Stappert D, Geiman R, Zadi ZH, Reynolds MA. Gingival clefts revisited: Evaluation of the characteristics that make one more susceptible to gingival clefts. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 154:677-682. [PMID: 30384938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic space closure after premolar extraction commonly results in the formation of a gingival cleft, which may contribute to orthodontic relapse and poor periodontal health. The purpose of this study was to examine clinical parameters that may predispose patients to gingival clefts. METHODS Twenty-nine patients planned for treatment with premolar extractions (n = 87) and orthodontic space closure were evaluated in this prospective study. The clinical measures included width of keratinized buccal gingiva, thickness of buccal gingiva, thickness of buccal bone, time of space closure, and the occurrence (presence or absence) and severity (volume) of cleft formation. The association of the clinical measures with gingival cleft formation and severity was assessed separately for patients according to age group: young adolescent (≤13 years of age), adolescent (14-18 years of age), and adult (≥19 years of age). RESULTS The overall incidence of gingival cleft formation was 73.2%, with a trend toward greater cleft formation in the young adolescents (79.4%) than in the adolescent and adult groups (69.2% and 68.2%, respectively). The mean severity of clefts exhibited a significant positive association with age group-young adolescent (26.6 mm2), adolescent (27.9 mm2), and adult (41.5 mm2). Buccal bone thickness was significantly correlated with gingival phenotype in the adolescent and adult groups (r = 0.42 and r = 0.52, respectively; both, P <0.05). Rate of space closure was significantly correlated with cleft formation (r = 0.71; P <0.001) in the adult group. CONCLUSIONS The formation of gingival clefts is common after premolar extraction and space closure. Adults with a thinner gingival phenotype were more likely to develop gingival clefts of greater severity. The rate of space closure was significantly and inversely correlated with cleft formation in adults, reflecting a greater likelihood of cleft formation with slower space closure. Although various clinical parameters show a correlation to both severity and incidence of clefts, all patients undergoing postextraction space closure appear to be at risk and should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Stappert
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
| | | | - Zahra Heidari Zadi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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Klein Y, Fleissig O, Stabholz A, Chaushu S, Polak D. Bone regeneration with bovine bone impairs orthodontic tooth movement despite proper osseous wound healing in a novel mouse model. J Periodontol 2018; 90:189-199. [PMID: 30059146 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the biological mechanisms underlying alveolar bone regeneration (ABR) and orthodontic tooth movement into bovine bone (BB) regenerated sites. METHODS Two mouse models were established in C57BL/6 mice. The ABR model was based on osseous defects filled with BB. The orthodontic tooth movement-ABR model was used to move a molar into the regenerated site. Osseous morphometric analysis and tooth movement distance were evaluated with micro-CT. Histologic characteristics and osteoclast (OCS) accumulation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (TRAP). Expression and location of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANKL) and of osteoprotegerin (OPG) were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS Bone healing peaked at 4 weeks. The distance of the orthodontic tooth movement into the bovine bone was significantly reduced versus that of the nonbovine bone controls. BB particles accumulated along the root's pressure side during orthodontic treatment. Despite the osteoclasts' presence adjacent to the BB particles, no BB resorption was observed. Increased RANKL expression was seen at the orthodontic tooth movement pressure zone, without any change in OPG expression. CONCLUSION The two novel mouse models show that the lack of resorption of BB xenografts renders them inadequate for proper orthodontic tooth movement at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Klein
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel.,Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Omer Fleissig
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Ayala Stabholz
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
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