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Xing Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Sun X, Min Z, Tian W, Jing G. The study on 4D culture system of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:065006. [PMID: 39208843 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Traditional cell culture methods often fail to accurately replicate the intricate microenvironments crucial for studying specific cell growth patterns. In our study, we developed a 4D cell culture model-a precision instrument comprising an electromagnet, a force transducer, and a cantilever bracket. The experimental setup involves placing a Petri dish above the electromagnet, where gel beads encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles and tongue cancer cells are positioned. In this model, a magnetic force is generated on the magnetic nanoparticles in the culture medium to drive the gel to move and deform when the magnet is energized, thereby exerting an external force on the cells. This setup can mimic the microenvironment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells under mechanical stress induced by tongue movements. Electron microscopy and rheological analysis were performed on the hydrogels to confirm the porosity of alginate and its favorable viscoelastic properties. Additionally, Calcein-AM/PI staining was conducted to verify the biosafety of the hydrogel culture system. It mimics the microenvironment where tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells are stimulated by mechanical stress during tongue movement. Electron microscopy and rheological analysis experiments were conducted on hydrogels to assess the porosity of alginate and its viscoelastic properties. Calcein-AM/PI staining was performed to evaluate the biosafety of the hydrogel culture system. We confirmed that the proliferation of CAL-27 tongue squamous cells significantly increased with increased matrix stiffness after 5 d as assessed by MTT. After 15 d of incubation, the tumor spheroid diameter of the 1%-4D group was larger than that of the hydrogel-only culture. The Transwell assay demonstrated that mechanical stress stimulation and increased matrix stiffness could enhance cell aggressiveness. Flow cytometry experiments revealed a decrease in the number of cells in the resting or growth phase (G0/G1 phase), coupled with an increase in the proportion of cells in the preparation-for-division phase (G2/M phase). RT-PCR confirmed decreased expression levels of P53 and integrinβ3 RNA in the 1%-4D group after 21 d of 4D culture, alongside significant increases in the expression levels of Kindlin-2 and integrinαv. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that 4D culture enhances tissue oxygenation and diminishes nuclear aggregation of HIF-1α. This device mimics the microenvironment of tongue cancer cells under mechanical force and increased matrix hardness during tongue movement, faithfully reproducing cell growthin vivo, and offering a solid foundation for further research on the pathogenic matrix of tongue cancer and drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Xing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Jing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Lee S, Ma J, Im SJ. Expression and function of CD51 on CD8 T cells as an immunomodulatory target. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 661:56-63. [PMID: 37087799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses are regulated by co-stimulatory and inhibitory receptors along with T cell receptor- and cytokine-mediated signals. CD51 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the integrin family that plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, tumorigenesis, and other cellular functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and function of CD51 on CD8 T cells. Upon in vitro T cell activation, CD51 expression was delayed but subsequently was upregulated in CD8 T cells upon cell division. Furthermore, CD51 was highly expressed in exhausted CD8 T cells in chronic LCMV infection, B16F10 melanoma, and CT26 colon carcinoma, and its expression level increased as cells became more differentiated. Using CRISPR-mediated knockdown, we found that the absence of CD51 led to a lower number of virus-specific CD8 T cells upon chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, although their granzyme B expression and cytokine production were maintained. Blocking CD51 also inhibited the in vitro proliferation of CD8 T cells. These results suggest that CD51 plays an important role in the early expansion of CD8 T cells and may have potential as an immunomodulatory target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solhwi Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhui Ma
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Im
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Gilloteaux DJ, Jamison JM, Summers JL, Taper HS. Xenografts on nude mouse diaphragm of human DU145 prostate carcinoma cells: mesothelium removal by outgrowths and angiogenesis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:413-438. [PMID: 36165802 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells, androgen-independent malignant cells, implanted in the athymic nu/nu male mouse, developed numerous tumors on peritoneal and retro-peritoneal organs whose growth aspects and vascular supply have yet to be investigated with fine structure techniques. A series of necropsies from moribund implanted mice diaphragms were examined with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. DU145 xenografts installations, far away from the implanted site, were described as the smallest installation to large diaphragm outgrowths in moribund mice. Carcinomas did not show extracellular matrix and, reaching more than 0.15 mm in thickness, they revealed new structures in these outgrowths. Voids to be gland-like structures with mediocre secretion and, unexpectedly, intercellular spaces connected with fascicles of elongated DU145 cells that merged with a vascular supply originated from either the tumor cells and/or some perimysium vessels. In the largest carcinomas, most important vascular invasions coincidently accompanied the mouse lethality, similarly to human cancers. This androgen-independent model would be useful to study tumor outgrowth's changes related to testing anticancer strategy, including anti-angiogenic therapies involving toxicity, simultaneously with those of other vital organs with combined biomolecular and fine structure techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Jacques Gilloteaux
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St Georges' University International School of Medicine, KB Taylor Global Scholar's Program, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8JG.,Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium, 5000.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ohio Medical University (NEOMed/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA, 44272
| | - James M Jamison
- Department of Urology, Ohio Medical University (NEOMed/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA, 44272.,St Thomas Hospital, The Apatone Development Center, Summa Research Foundation, Akron, OH, USA, 44310
| | - Jack L Summers
- Department of Urology, Ohio Medical University (NEOMed/Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA, 44272.,St Thomas Hospital, The Apatone Development Center, Summa Research Foundation, Akron, OH, USA, 44310
| | - Henryk S Taper
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologique et Cancérologique, School of Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 1200
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Cyclic Peptides for the Treatment of Cancers: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144428. [PMID: 35889301 PMCID: PMC9317348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have been widely reported to have therapeutic abilities in the treatment of cancer. This has been proven through in vitro and in vivo studies against breast, lung, liver, colon, and prostate cancers, among others. The multitude of data available in the literature supports the potential of cyclic peptides as anticancer agents. This review summarizes the findings from previously reported studies and discusses the different cyclic peptide compounds, the sources, and their modes of action as anticancer agents. The prospects and future of cyclic peptides will also be described to give an overview on the direction of cyclic peptide development for clinical applications.
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Liu F, Wu Q, Han W, Laster K, Hu Y, Ma F, Chen H, Tian X, Qiao Y, Liu H, Kim DJ, Dong Z, Liu K. Targeting integrin αvβ3 with indomethacin inhibits patient-derived xenograft tumour growth and recurrence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e548. [PMID: 34709754 PMCID: PMC8552524 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE A high risk of post-operative recurrence contributes to the poor prognosis and low survival rate of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that integrin adhesion receptors, in particular integrin αv (ITGAV), are important for cancer cell survival, proliferation and migration. Therefore, targeting ITGAV may be a rational approach for preventing ESCC recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein levels of ITGAV were determined in human ESCC tumour tissues using immunohistochemistry. MTT, propidium iodide staining, and annexin V staining were utilized to investigate cell viability, cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis, respectively. Computational docking was performed with the Schrödinger Suite software to visualize the interaction between indomethacin and ITGAV. Cell-derived xenograft mouse models, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, and a humanized mouse model were employed for in vivo studies. RESULTS ITGAV was upregulated in human ESCC tumour tissues and increased ITGAV protein levels were associated with poor prognosis. ITGAV silencing or knockout suppressed ESCC cell growth and metastatic potential. Interestingly, we identified that indomethacin can bind to ITGAV and enhance synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1 (SYVN1)-mediated degradation of ITGAV. Integrin β3, one of the β subunits of ITGAV, was also decreased at the protein level in the indomethacin treatment group. Importantly, indomethacin treatment suppressed ESCC tumour growth and prevented recurrence in a PDX mouse model. Moreover, indomethacin inhibited the activation of cytokine TGFβ, reduced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and increased anti-tumour immune responses in a humanized mouse model. CONCLUSION ITGAV is a promising therapeutic target for ESCC. Indomethacin can attenuate ESCC growth through binding to ITGAV, promoting SYVN1-mediated ubiquitination of ITGAV, and potentiating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei Han
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Kyle Laster
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Yamei Hu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Fayang Ma
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Hanyong Chen
- Hormel InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xueli Tian
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui Liu
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and TreatmentZhengzhouChina
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer ChemopreventionZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and TreatmentZhengzhouChina
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer ChemopreventionZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
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7
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Cyclic Peptide ALOS4 in a Human Melanoma Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179579. [PMID: 34502483 PMCID: PMC8430629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of ALOS4, a cyclic peptide discovered previously by phage library selection against integrin αvβ3, on a human melanoma (A375) xenograft model to determine its abilities as a potential anti-cancer agent. We found that ALOS4 promoted healthy weight gain in A375-engrafted nude mice and reduced melanoma tumor mass and volume. Despite these positive changes, examination of the tumor tissue did not indicate any significant effects on proliferation, mitotic index, tissue vascularization, or reduction of αSMA or Ki-67 tumor markers. Modulation in overall expression of critical downstream αvβ3 integrin factors, such as FAK and Src, as well as reductions in gene expression of c-Fos and c-Jun transcription factors, indirectly confirmed our suspicions that ALOS4 is likely acting through an integrin-mediated pathway. Further, we found no overt formulation issues with ALOS4 regarding interaction with standard inert laboratory materials (polypropylene, borosilicate glass) or with pH and temperature stability under prolonged storage. Collectively, ALOS4 appears to be safe, chemically stable, and produces anti-cancer effects in a human xenograft model of melanoma. We believe these results suggest a role for ALOS4 in an integrin-mediated pathway in exerting its anti-cancer effects possibly through immune response modulation.
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Connell B, Kopach P, Ren W, Joshi R, Naber S, Zhou M, Mathew P. Aberrant integrin αv and α5 expression in prostate adenocarcinomas and bone-metastases is consistent with a bone-colonizing phenotype. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1630-1638. [PMID: 32944524 PMCID: PMC7475658 DOI: 10.21037/tau-19-763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collaborative signaling between fibronectin-binding αv and α5 integrins has been implicated in the lethal dissemination of prostate cancer in the bone-metastatic niche, the major source of morbidity and mortality in the disease. Methods We assessed the frequency and pattern of expression of these integrins in primary high-grade adenocarcinomas and bone metastases compared to the physiological gland. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) radical prostatectomy (RP) samples (n=25) containing ≥ Gleason grade 4 cancer and decalcified surgical or diagnostic bone metastatic samples from 10 patients were stained for integrin αv (ITGAV) and integrin α5 (ITGA5) expression. Antibody optimization and antigen-retrieval was performed beforehand. Results ITGAV was exclusively expressed in the basal layer of physiological prostate glands whereas αv expression was invariably recapitulated in the malignant gland and bone metastases (100%) in multiple distinct patterns: epithelial membranous, basilar/luminal membranous, punctate cytoplasmic, intense foci as single cells or clusters, and rim stromal layers. The luminal/basilar layer of ITGAV expression was striking in cribriform carcinomas, suggestive of a role in molecular pathogenesis. ITGA5 infrequently highlighted the basal layer of the physiological gland, was absent in primary adenocarcinoma, but was expressed with ITGAV exclusively in bone metastases (71%). Conclusions We conclude that ITGAV expression is aberrantly expressed in high frequency in high-grade prostatic adenocarcinomas in patterns suggestive of recapitulated basal cell functions, consistent with a stem-regulatory role that has been proposed. Co-expression and enrichment of αv and α5 in osseous metastases supports their proposed collaborative role in colonization of the bone microenvironment and as candidate targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Connell
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Pavel Kopach
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenying Ren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghav Joshi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Naber
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Mathew
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Lee DH, Kim GW, Jeon YH, Yoo J, Lee SW, Kwon SH. Advances in histone demethylase KDM4 as cancer therapeutic targets. FASEB J 2020; 34:3461-3484. [PMID: 31961018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The KDM4 subfamily H3K9 histone demethylases are epigenetic regulators that control chromatin structure and gene expression by demethylating histone H3K9, H3K36, and H1.4K26. The KDM4 subfamily mainly consists of four proteins (KDM4A-D), all harboring the Jumonji C domain (JmjC) but with differential substrate specificities. KDM4A-C proteins also possess the double PHD and Tudor domains, whereas KDM4D lacks these domains. KDM4 proteins are overexpressed or deregulated in multiple cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and mental retardation and are thus potential therapeutic targets. Despite extensive efforts, however, there are very few KDM4-selective inhibitors. Defining the exact physiological and oncogenic functions of KDM4 demethylase will provide the foundation for the discovery of novel potent inhibitors. In this review, we focus on recent studies highlighting the oncogenic functions of KDM4s and the interplay between KDM4-mediated epigenetic and metabolic pathways in cancer. We also review currently available KDM4 inhibitors and discuss their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen YC, Sahoo S, Brien R, Jung S, Humphries B, Lee W, Cheng YH, Zhang Z, Luker KE, Wicha MS, Luker GD, Yoon E. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of migratory breast cancer cells: discovering genes associated with cancer metastasis. Analyst 2019; 144:7296-7309. [PMID: 31710321 PMCID: PMC8942075 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests breast cancer metastasis arises from cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Using a microfluidic device that enriches migratory breast cancer cells with enhanced capacity for tumor formation and metastasis, we identified genes differentially expressed in migratory cells by high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing. Migratory cells exhibited overall signatures of EMT and CSCs with variable expression of marker genes, and they retained expression profiles of EMT over time. With single-cell resolution, we discovered intermediate EMT states and distinct epithelial and mesenchymal sub-populations of migratory cells, indicating breast cancer cells can migrate rapidly while retaining an epithelial state. Migratory cells showed differential profiles for regulators of oxidative stress, mitochondrial morphology, and the proteasome, revealing potential vulnerabilities and unexpected consequences of drugs. We also identified novel genes correlated with cell migration and outcomes in breast cancer as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to block migratory cells in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
- Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Riley Brien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Seungwon Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Brock Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Yu-Heng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Lee YS, Lee CH, Bae JT, Nam KT, Moon DB, Hwang OK, Choi JS, Kim TH, Jun HO, Jung YS, Hwang DY, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by suppression of NF-κB dependent ITGAV and TIMP-1 expression in IL-32γ overexpressed condition. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:293. [PMID: 30486830 PMCID: PMC6263970 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has been associated with various diseases. Previous studies have shown that IL-32 inhibited the development of several tumors. However, the role of IL-32γ, an isotype of IL-32, in skin carcinogenesis remains unknown. METHODS We compared 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in wild type (WT) and IL-32γ-overexpressing mice to evaluate the role of IL-32γ. We also analyzed cancer stemness and NF-κB signaling in skin cancer cell lines with or without IL-32γ expression by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Carcinogen-induced tumor incidence in IL-32γ mice was significantly reduced in comparison to that in WT mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were decreased in the skin tumor tissues of IL-32γ mice compared with WT mice. Using a genome-wide association study analysis, we found that IL-32 was associated with integrin αV (ITGAV) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which are critical factor for skin carcinogenesis. Reduced expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1 were identified in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice compared to that in WT mice. NF-κB activity was also reduced in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice. IL-32γ decreased cancer cell sphere formation and expression of stem cell markers, and increased chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death. IL-32γ also downregulated expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1, accompanied with the inhibition of NF-κB activity. In addition, IL-32γ expression with NF-κB inhibitor treatment further reduced skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and cancer cell sphere formation and downregulated expression levels of ITGAV and TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that IL-32γ suppressed skin carcinogenesis through the inhibition of both stemness and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment by the downregulation of TIMP-1 and ITGAV via inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
- Hanbul Co, Ltd. R&D center, 634 Eon Ju-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ok Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyungnam 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
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12
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Chu GCY, Chung LWK, Gururajan M, Hsieh CL, Josson S, Nandana S, Sung SY, Wang R, Wu JB, Zhau HE. Regulatory signaling network in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer bone and visceral organ metastases and the development of novel therapeutics. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:65-81. [PMID: 30775250 PMCID: PMC6363607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes cell signaling network of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to bone and visceral organs in the context of tumor microenvironment and for the development of novel therapeutics. The article focuses on our recent progress in the understanding of: 1) The plasticity and dynamics of tumor–stroma interaction; 2) The significance of epigenetic reprogramming in conferring cancer growth, invasion and metastasis; 3) New insights on altered junctional communication affecting PCa bone and brain metastases; 4) Novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance to hormonal antagonists and chemotherapy; 5) Genetic-based therapy to co-target tumor and bone stroma; 6) PCa-bone-immune cell interaction and TBX2-WNTprotein signaling in bone metastasis; 7) The roles of monoamine oxidase and reactive oxygen species in PCa growth and bone metastasis; and 8) Characterization of imprinting cluster of microRNA, in tumor–stroma interaction. This article provides new approaches and insights of PCa metastases with emphasis on basic science and potential for clinical translation. This article referenced the details of the various approaches and discoveries described herein in peer-reviewed publications. We dedicate this article in our fond memory of Dr. Donald S. Coffey who taught us the spirit of sharing and the importance of focusing basic science discoveries toward translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Murali Gururajan
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Bristol-Myer Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sajni Josson
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Oncoveda Cancer Research Center, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Srinivas Nandana
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Endo Y, Shen Y, Youssef LA, Mohan N, Wu WJ. T-DM1-resistant cells gain high invasive activity via EGFR and integrin cooperated pathways. MAbs 2018; 10:1003-1017. [PMID: 30130447 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1503904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®; T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate developed to treat trastuzumab-resistant disease. Despite initial favorable outcomes, most patients eventually cease to respond due to developing acquired resistance to T-DM1. Currently, there is no targeted therapy to treat T-DM1-resistant disease. To explore novel therapeutic targets to improve therapeutic efficacy of T-DM1, we generated T-DM1-resistant cells using trastuzumab-resistant JIMT1 cells. We found that the loss of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 confers T-DM1 resistance, which in turn activates a compensatory mechanism that increases epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Upregulation of EGFR increases the protein levels of α5β1 and αVβ3 integrins, resulting in enhanced motility and invasion of T-DM1-resistant cells. This study delineates previously unappreciated relationships between α5β1 and αVβ3 and suggests that specific integrins should be carefully selected as therapeutic targets to treat T-DM1-resistant disease. Specifically, silencing β1 integrin expression by siRNA in T-DM1-resistant cells destabilizes α5, but increases expression of αV, a critical integrin mediating the invasion and metastases in many different cancers. As a consequence, T-DM1-resistant cells gain metastatic potential and become more invasive. This finding is underscored by the fact that β1 integrin blockage induced by an inhibitory antibody, MAB 13, significantly increases invasion of T-DM1-resistant cells. However, the increased cell invasion induced by β1 integrin blockage can be significantly reduced by either EGFR inhibitor or specific siRNA against αV integrin. The discovery of functional cooperation between EGFR and αV integrin in regulating cell growth and invasion provides an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategy by dual-targeting EGFR and specific integrin to overcome T-DM1 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Endo
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Yi Shen
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Lamis Abou Youssef
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Nishant Mohan
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , MD , USA
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14
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SARI KILIÇASLAN SM, AYRIM A, APAYDIN E, İNCESU Z. Calcium Mobilization and Inhibition of Akt Reduced the Binding of PEO-1 Cells to Fibronectin. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:50-56. [PMID: 32454640 PMCID: PMC7227900 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.35220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) mobilization, β-catenin and Akt signal pathways after the binding of metastatic ovarian cells to fibronectin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of α4β1 and αvβ6 integrin were determined using α4, β1, αv, and β6 antibodies using flow cytometry on PEO-1 cells. The effect of [Ca2+]i on cell adhesion capacity was investigated using RTCA after stimulating PEO-1 cells using thapsigargin and tunicamycin. The binding rate of PEO-1 cells to fibronectin was also investigated in the presence of either different concentrations of cardamonin, which inhibits the accumulation of β-catenin, or different concentrations of FPA 124, which is a specific inhibitor for the PKB/Akt signal pathway, using RTCA. RESULTS RTCA analysis results showed that increasing [Ca2+]i through leakage of the calcium pool was strongly effective on PEO-1 cell binding to fibronectin. Extracellular calcium influx also reduced the binding of PEO-1 cells. Cell binding to fibronectin was also inhibited with a ratio of 64% in the presence of 100 µM cardamonin compared with untreated control cells. Finally, it was found that PKB/Akt inhibition with 15 µM FPA 124 decreased the binding of PEO-1 cells to fibronectin with a ratio of 88% compared with untreated control cells. CONCLUSION PEO-1 cell binding to fibronectin via integrins could be related to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysun AYRIM
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Institute of Life Sciences, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Elif APAYDIN
- Anadolu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin İNCESU
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
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15
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Yacobovich S, Tuchinsky L, Kirby M, Kardash T, Agranyoni O, Nesher E, Redko B, Gellerman G, Tobi D, Gurova K, Koman I, Ashur Fabian O, Pinhasov A. Novel synthetic cyclic integrin αvβ3 binding peptide ALOS4: Antitumor activity in mouse melanoma models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63549-63560. [PMID: 27556860 PMCID: PMC5325384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ALOS4, a unique synthetic cyclic peptide without resemblance to known integrin ligand sequences, was discovered through repeated biopanning with pIII phage expressing a disulfide-constrained nonapeptide library. Binding assays using a FITC-labeled analogue demonstrated selective binding to immobilized αvβ3 and a lack of significant binding to other common proteins, such as bovine serum albumin and collagen. In B16F10 cell cultures, ALOS4 treatment at 72 h inhibited cell migration (30%) and adhesion (up to 67%). Immunofluorescent imaging an ALOS4-FITC analogue with B16F10 cells demonstrated rapid cell surface binding, and uptake and localization in the cytoplasm. Daily injections of ALOS4 (0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) to mice inoculated with B16F10 mouse melanoma cells in two different cancer models, metastatic and subcutaneous tumor, resulted in reduction of lung tumor count (metastatic) and tumor mass (subcutaneous) and increased survival of animals monitored to 45 and 60 days, respectively. Examination of cellular activity indicated that ALOS4 produces inhibition of cell migration and adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that ALOS4 is a structurally-unique selective αvβ3 integrin ligand with potential anti-metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Yacobovich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Lena Tuchinsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael Kirby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tetiana Kardash
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Oryan Agranyoni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Boris Redko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dror Tobi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur Fabian
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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16
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Lunasin is a novel therapeutic agent for targeting melanoma cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84128-84141. [PMID: 27566591 PMCID: PMC5356649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide compelling evidence that melanoma is initiated and maintained by a small population of malignant cells called cancer-initiating cells (CICs) that exhibit stem-cell-like properties. Observations that CICs have a distinct biology when compared to that of the bulk tumor cells and, importantly, are resistant to chemotherapies and radiation, suggest that CICs are involved in invasion, metastasis, and ultimately relapse. Lunasin, a bioactive peptide present in soybean, has both chemopreventive activity and chemotherapeutic activity against multiple cancer types. In this study, we tested the potential of Lunasin to specifically target CICs in melanoma tumor cell populations. In vitro studies using human melanoma cell lines showed that Lunasin treatment decreased the size of a subpopulation of melanoma cells expressing the surrogate CIC marker, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, concomitant with a reduction in the ability to form colonies in soft agar assays, and reduced tumor growth in mouse xenografts. Similarly, Lunasin inhibited colony formation by isolated melanoma CICs in soft agar and reduced oncosphere formation in vitro and substantially inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that Lunasin treatment of isolated melanoma CICs induced expression of the melanocyte-associated differentiation markers Tyrosinase and Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor concomitant with reduced expression of the stemness factor NANOG. These findings document for the first time that Lunasin has significant therapeutic activity against melanoma by specifically targeting melanoma CICs, and inducing a more differentiated, non-CIC phenotype. Thus, Lunasin may represent a novel therapeutic option for both chemoresistant and advanced metastatic melanoma management.
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17
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Ma G, Jing C, Li L, Huang F, Ding F, Wang B, Lin D, Luo A, Liu Z. MicroRNA-92b represses invasion-metastasis cascade of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20209-22. [PMID: 26934001 PMCID: PMC4991448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are major contributors to cancer-caused death in patients suffered from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To explore the microRNAs involved in regulating invasion-metastasis cascade of ESCC, we established two pairs of sublines (30-U/D and 180-U/D) with distinct motility capacity from two ESCC cell lines (KYSE30 and KYSE180). Screening of the differentially expressed microRNAs identified that microRNA-92b-3p (miR-92b) could dramatically inhibit invasion and metastasis of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent studies showed that miR-92b exerted its inhibitory function through suppressing the expression of integrin αV (ITGAV), which further reduced phosphrylated FAK and impaired Rac1 activation. Moreover, higher expression of miR-92b in ESCC tissues correlated inversely with lymph node metastasis and indicated better prognosis. Together, these results for the first time describe how miR-92b suppresses the motility of ESCC cells and provide a promise for diagnosis or therapy of ESCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Furong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baona Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang R, Qi B, Dong YW, Cai QQ, Deng NH, Chen Q, Li C, Jin YT, Wu XZ. Sulfatide interacts with and activates integrin αVβ3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36563-36576. [PMID: 27145276 PMCID: PMC5095021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αVβ3 is a malignant driver of anchorage-independence and tumor angiogenesis, but its dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that sulfatide significantly promoted integrin αV(ITGAV) expression and wound closure in HCC. We also noted that elevated sulfatide profoundly stimulated integrin αVβ3 clustering and signaling. In the cells with integrin αVβ3 clustering induced by sulfatide, integrin β3 subunit was phosphorylated. Simultaneously, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src and paxillin were also phosphorylated. Treatment with FAK inhibitor resulted in robust suppression of FAK-Y397 and Src-Y416 phosphorylation stimulated by sulfatide, but not suppression of integrin β3 phosphorylation. Src inhibitors repressed Src-Y416 and FAK Y861 and Y925 phosphorylation, but not FAK-Y397 and integrin β3 phosphorylation. After mutation of integrin β3 (Y773F and Y785F), FAK or Src phosphorylation failed to be stimulated by sulfatide. Moreover, β3 Y773 and Y785 phosphorylation was suppressed by insulin-like growth factor receptor knockdown even in cells stimulated by sulfatide. In assays of immunoprecipitation and immunostaining with integrin αV or β3 antibody, labeled sulfatide was found in the complex and co-localized with integrin αVβ3. Taken together, this study demonstrated that elevated sulfatide bound to integrin αVβ3 and induced clustering and phosphorylation of αVβ3 instead of matrix ligand binding, triggering outside-in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, PR. China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, PR. China
| | - Yi Wei Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, PR. China
| | - Qian Qian Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, PR. China
| | - Nian Hui Deng
- Yu Ying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Yu Ying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China
| | - Yu Tong Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China
| | - Xing Zhong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR. China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai, PR. China
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19
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Comegna D, Zannetti A, Del Gatto A, de Paola I, Russo L, Di Gaetano S, Liguoro A, Capasso D, Saviano M, Zaccaro L. Chemical Modification for Proteolytic Stabilization of the Selective α vβ 3 Integrin RGDechi Peptide: in Vitro and in Vivo Activities on Malignant Melanoma Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9874-9884. [PMID: 29144748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterization of the new peptide ψRGDechi as the first step toward novel-targeted theranostics in melanoma. This pseudopeptide is designed from our previously reported RGDechi peptide, known to bind selectively αvβ3 integrin, and differs for a modified amide bond at the main protease cleavage site. This chemical modification drastically reduces the enzymatic degradation in serum, compared to its parental peptide, resulting in an overall magnification of the biological activity on a highly expressing αvβ3 human metastatic melanoma cell line. Selective inhibition of cell adhesion, wound healing, and invasion are demonstrated; near-infrared fluorescent ψRGDechi derivative is able to detect αvβ3 integrin in human melanoma xenografts in a selective fashion. More, molecular docking studies confirm that ψRGDechi recognizes the receptor similarly to RGDechi. All these findings pave the way for the future employment of this novel peptide as promising targeting probe and therapeutic agent in melanoma disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Comegna
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan de Paola
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Liguoro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Crystallography-CNR , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Bioactive Peptide, University of Naples Federico II , Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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20
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Wu YJ, Pagel MA, Muldoon LL, Fu R, Neuwelt EA. High αv Integrin Level of Cancer Cells Is Associated with Development of Brain Metastasis in Athymic Rats. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:4029-4040. [PMID: 28739685 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Brain metastases commonly occur in patients with malignant skin, lung and breast cancers resulting in high morbidity and poor prognosis. Integrins containing an αv subunit are cell adhesion proteins that contribute to cancer cell migration and cancer progression. We hypothesized that high expression of αv integrin cell adhesion protein promoted metastatic phenotypes in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cancer cells from different origins were used and studied regarding their metastatic ability and intetumumab, anti-αv integrin mAb, sensitivity using in vitro cell migration assay and in vivo brain metastases animal models. RESULTS The number of brain metastases and the rate of occurrence were positively correlated with cancer cell αv integrin levels. High αv integrin-expressing cancer cells showed significantly faster cell migration rate in vitro than low αv integrin-expressing cells. Intetumumab significantly inhibited cancer cell migration in vitro regardless of αv integrin expression level. Overexpression of αv integrin in cancer cells with low αv integrin level accelerated cell migration in vitro and increased the occurrence of brain metastases in vivo. CONCLUSION αv integrin promotes brain metastases in cancer cells and may mediate early steps in the metastatic cascade, such as adhesion to brain vasculature. Targeting αv integrin with intetumumab could provide clinical benefit in treating cancer patients who develop metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjen Jeffrey Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | | | - Leslie L Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Rongwei Fu
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A. .,Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, OR, U.S.A.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
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21
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Qin L, Yang SF, Xu K. Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E843. [PMID: 28420185 PMCID: PMC5412427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin's co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio A Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | - Lilan Qin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan, Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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22
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CRIPTO and its signaling partner GRP78 drive the metastatic phenotype in human osteotropic prostate cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4739-4749. [PMID: 28394345 PMCID: PMC5562855 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CRIPTO (CR-1, TDGF1) is a cell surface/secreted oncoprotein actively involved in development and cancer. Here, we report that high expression of CRIPTO correlates with poor survival in stratified risk groups of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. CRIPTO and its signaling partner glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are highly expressed in PCa metastases and display higher levels in the metastatic ALDHhigh sub-population of PC-3M-Pro4Luc2 PCa cells compared with non-metastatic ALDHlow. Coculture of the osteotropic PC-3M-Pro4Luc2 PCa cells with differentiated primary human osteoblasts induced CRIPTO and GRP78 expression in cancer cells and increases the size of the ALDHhigh sub-population. Additionally, CRIPTO or GRP78 knockdown decreases proliferation, migration, clonogenicity and the size of the metastasis-initiating ALDHhigh sub-population. CRIPTO knockdown reduces the invasion of PC-3M-Pro4Luc2 cells in zebrafish and inhibits bone metastasis in a preclinical mouse model. These results highlight a functional role for CRIPTO and GRP78 in PCa metastasis and suggest that targeting CRIPTO/GRP78 signaling may have significant therapeutic potential.
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23
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Jiang Y, Dai J, Yao Z, Shelley G, Keller ET. Abituzumab Targeting of αV-Class Integrins Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:875-883. [PMID: 28314844 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrins that contain an integrin αV subunit contribute to multiple functions that promote cancer progression. The goal of this study was to determine whether abituzumab (DI17E6, EMD 525797), a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against integrin αV impacts, prostate cancer progression. To evaluate this, prostate cancer cells were treated with DI17E6 and its effects on proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle, adhesion, detachment, migration, invasion and phosphorylation of downstream targets, including FAK, Akt, and ERK, were determined. DI17E6 promoted detachment and inhibited adhesion of prostate cancer cells to several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cells found in the bone microenvironment but had no impact on cell viability, cell-cycle, and caspase-3/7 activity. DI17E6 inhibited migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. In addition, DI7E6 decreased phosphorylation of FAK, Akt, and ERK. These results indicate that inhibition of integrin αV with DI17E6 inhibits several prometastatic phenotypes of prostate cancer cells and therefore provide a rationale for further evaluation of DI17E6 for diminishing prostate cancer progression.Implications: This work identifies that therapeutic targeting of integrins containing an αV integrin unit inhibits cancer progression and thus may be of clinical benefit. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 875-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Greg Shelley
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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24
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Su SC, Hsieh MJ, Yang WE, Chung WH, Reiter RJ, Yang SF. Cancer metastasis: Mechanisms of inhibition by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27706852 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule secreted by the pineal gland and known as a gatekeeper of circadian clocks. Mounting evidence indicates that melatonin, employing multiple and interrelated mechanisms, exhibits a variety of oncostatic properties in a myriad of tumors during different stages of their progression. Tumor metastasis, which commonly occurs at the late stage, is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths; metastases lead to the development of secondary tumors distant from a primary site. In reference to melatonin, the vast majority of investigations have focused on tumor development and progression at the primary site. Recently, however, interest has shifted toward the role of melatonin on tumor metastases. In this review, we highlight current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which melatonin counteracts tumor metastases, including experimental and clinical observations; emphasis is placed on the impact of both cancer and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment. Due to the broad range of melatonin's actions, the mechanisms underlying its ability to interfere with metastases are numerous. These include modulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases, cytoskeleton reorganization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. The evidence discussed herein will serve as a solid foundation for urging basic and clinical studies on the use of melatonin to understand and control metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Chen L, Groenewoud A, Tulotta C, Zoni E, Kruithof-de Julio M, van der Horst G, van der Pluijm G, Ewa Snaar-Jagalska B. A zebrafish xenograft model for studying human cancer stem cells in distant metastasis and therapy response. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:471-496. [PMID: 28129855 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lethal and incurable bone metastasis is one of the main causes of death in multiple types of cancer. A small subpopulation of cancer stem/progenitor-like cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells from heterogenetic cancer is considered to mediate bone metastasis. Although over the past decades numerous studies have been performed in different types of cancer, it is still difficult to track small numbers of CSCs during the onset of metastasis. With use of noninvasive high-resolution imaging, transparent zebrafish embryos can be employed to dynamically visualize cancer progression and reciprocal interaction with stroma in a living organism. Recently we established a zebrafish CSC-xenograft model to visually and functionally analyze the role of CSCs and their interactions with the microenvironment at the onset of metastasis. Given the highly conserved human and zebrafish genome, transplanted human cancer cells are able to respond to zebrafish cytokines, modulate the zebrafish microenvironment, and take advantage of the zebrafish stroma during cancer progression. This chapter delineates the zebrafish CSC-xenograft model as a useful tool for both CSC biological study and anticancer drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Tulotta
- Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Zoni
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Kruithof-de Julio
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hoja-Łukowicz D, Przybyło M, Duda M, Pocheć E, Bubka M. On the trail of the glycan codes stored in cancer-related cell adhesion proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3237-3257. [PMID: 27565356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the profile of protein glycosylation are a hallmark of ongoing neoplastic transformation. A unique set of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens expressed on the surface of malignant cells may serve as powerful diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Cell-surface proteins with altered glycosylation affect the growth, proliferation and survival of those cells, and contribute to their acquisition of the ability to migrate and invade. They may also facilitate tumor-induced immunosuppression and the formation of distant metastases. Deciphering the information encoded in these particular glycan portions of glycoconjugates may shed light on the mechanisms of cancer progression and metastasis. A majority of the related review papers have focused on overall changes in the patterns of cell-surface glycans in various cancers, without pinpointing the molecular carriers of these glycan structures. The present review highlights the ways in which particular tumor-associated glycan(s) coupled with a given membrane-bound protein influence neoplastic cell behavior during the development and progression of cancer. We focus on altered glycosylated cell-adhesion molecules belonging to the cadherin, integrin and immunoglobulin-like superfamilies, examined in the context of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Bubka
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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27
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Jin X, Liang N, Wang M, Meng Y, Jia B, Shi X, Li S, Luo J, Luo Y, Cui Q, Zheng K, Liu Z, Shi J, Li F, Wang F, Zhu Z. Integrin Imaging with 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT Shows High Specificity in the Diagnosis of Lymph Node Metastasis from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Radiology 2016; 281:958-966. [PMID: 27479638 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016150813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate an integrin imaging approach based on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) by using technetium 99m (99mTc)-dimeric cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides with three polyethylene glycol spacers (3PRGD2) as the tracer to target the integrin αvβ3 expression in lung cancer and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods With ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 65 patients (41 male, 24 female; mean age, 60 years ± 11 [standard deviation]) with suspicious lung lesions were recruited with informed consent. The patients underwent both 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT within 1 week. Finally, 65 lung lesions in 53 patients were pathologically diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 14 lung lesions in 12 patients were benign. Per-region analysis of lymph nodes included 248 regions with metastasis and 56 negative regions. Twenty specimens from the removed lung lesions or lymph nodes were stained with integrin αvβ3, CD34, and Ki-67 to correlate with the image findings. Receiver operating characteristic curve, z statistics, McNemar test, and χ2 analysis were used to compare the diagnostic performance of the two imaging methods. Results 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT was found to be more specific than 18F-FDG PET/CT in the per-region diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (specificity, 94.6% vs 75.0%; P = .008) when the sensitivity of the two methods was comparable (88.3% vs 90.7%; P = .557). There was no significant difference between the two methods in the per-lesion diagnosis of lung tumor (z = 0.82, P = .410). The accumulation level of 99mTc-3PRGD2 was found in positive correlation with the integrin αvβ3 expression (r = 0.84, P = .001) and microvessel density (r = 0.63, P = .011) in the tumors. Conclusion 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT shows high specificity in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis from NSCLC, which may benefit surgical decision making for the patients. © RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Jin
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Naixin Liang
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Bing Jia
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Ximin Shi
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Shanqing Li
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Jinmei Luo
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Yaping Luo
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Quancai Cui
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Kun Zheng
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Jiyun Shi
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Fang Li
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Fan Wang
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine (X.J., X.S., Y.L., K.Z., F.L., Z.Z.), Thoracic Surgery (N.L., S.L.), Respiratory Medicine (M.W., J.L.), and Pathology (Y.M., Q.C.), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (B.J., Z.L., J.S., F.W.); and Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (F.W.)
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Kroon J, Kooijman S, Cho NJ, Storm G, van der Pluijm G. Improving Taxane-Based Chemotherapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:451-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zhu QQ, Ma C, Wang Q, Song Y, Lv T. The role of TWIST1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:185-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Rodriguez-Torres M, Allan AL. Aldehyde dehydrogenase as a marker and functional mediator of metastasis in solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:97-113. [PMID: 26445849 PMCID: PMC4740561 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence indicating that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity selects for cancer cells with increased aggressiveness, capacity for sustained proliferation, and plasticity in primary tumors. However, emerging data also suggests an important mechanistic role for the ALDH family of isoenzymes in the metastatic activity of tumor cells. Recent studies indicate that ALDH correlates with either increased or decreased metastatic capacity in a cellular context-dependent manner. Importantly, it appears that different ALDH isoforms support increased metastatic capacity in different tumor types. This review assesses the potential of ALDH as biological marker and mechanistic mediator of metastasis in solid tumors. In many malignancies, most notably in breast cancer, ALDH activity and expression appears to be a promising marker and potential therapeutic target for treating metastasis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rodriguez-Torres
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, Room A4-132, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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31
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Zoni E, Kruithof-de Julio M, van der Pluijm G. miR-25, integrin and cancer invasiveness. Oncoscience 2015; 2:663-4. [PMID: 26425648 PMCID: PMC4580050 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Zoni
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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32
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Kroon J, in 't Veld LS, Buijs JT, Cheung H, van der Horst G, van der Pluijm G. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition depletes the population of prostate cancer stem/progenitor-like cells and attenuates metastatic growth. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8986-94. [PMID: 25344861 PMCID: PMC4253412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells with stem or progenitor properties play a pivotal role in the initiation, recurrence and metastatic potential of solid tumors, including those of the human prostate. Cancer stem cells are generally more resistant to conventional therapies thus requiring the characterization of key pathways involved in the formation and/or maintenance of this malignant cellular subpopulation. To this end, we identified Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as a crucial kinase for the maintenance of prostate cancer stem/progenitor-like cells and pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3β dramatically decreased the size of this cellular subpopulation. This was paralleled by impaired clonogenicity, decreased migratory potential and dramatic morphological changes. In line with our in vitro observations, treatment with a GSK-3β inhibitor leads to a complete loss of tumorigenicity and a decrease in metastatic potential in preclinical in vivo models. These observed anti-tumor effects appear to be largely Wnt-independent as simultaneous Wnt inhibition does not reverse the observed antitumor effects of GSK-3β blockage. We found that GSK-3β activity is linked to cytoskeletal protein F-actin and inhibition of GSK-3β leads to disturbance of F-actin polymerization. This may underlie the dramatic effects of GSK-3β inhibition on prostate cancer migration. Furthermore, GSK-3β inhibition led to strongly decreased expression of several integrin types including the cancer stem cell-associated α2β1 integrin. Taken together, our mechanistic observations highlight the importance of GSK-3β activity in prostate cancer stemness and may facilitate the development of novel therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kroon
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lars S in 't Veld
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Cheung
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Lal S, Kersch C, Beeson KA, Wu YJ, Muldoon LL, Neuwelt EA. Interactions between αv-Integrin and HER2 and Their Role in the Invasive Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and in Rat Brain. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222911 PMCID: PMC4519046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that αv-integrin and the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) interact with each other in brain trophic metastatic breast cancer cells and influence their invasive phenotype. Methods Clones of MDA-MB231BR human breast cancer cells with stable knock down of αv-integrin in combination with high or low levels of HER2 were created. The interactions of these two proteins and their combined effect on cell migration and invasion were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results Knockdown of αv-integrin in MDA-MB231BR clones altered the actin cytoskeleton and cell morphology. HER2 co-precipitated with αv-integrin in three breast cancer cell lines in vitro, suggesting they complex in cells. Knockdown of αv-integrin altered HER2 localization from its normal membrane position to a predominantly lysosomal localization. When αv-integrin expression was decreased by 69–93% in HER2-expressing cells, cellular motility was significantly reduced. Deficiency of both αv-integrin and HER2 decreased cellular migration and invasion by almost 90% compared to cells expressing both proteins (P<0.01). After intracerebral inoculation, cells expressing high levels of both αv-integrin and HER2 showed a diffusely infiltrative tumor phenotype, while cells deficient in αv-integrin and/or HER2 showed a compact tumor growth phenotype. In the αv-integrin positive/HER2 positive tumors, infiltrative growth was 57.2 ± 19% of tumor volume, compared to only 5.8 ± 6.1% infiltration in the double deficient tumor cells. Conclusions αv-integrin interacts with HER2 in breast cancer cells and may regulate HER2 localization. The combined impacts of αv-integrin and HER2 influence the invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. Targeting αv-integrin in HER2-positive breast cancer may slow growth and decrease infiltration in the normal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeet Lal
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cymon Kersch
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Beeson
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Y. Jeffrey Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Leslie L. Muldoon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Medical Center (EAN), Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pipino C, Pierdomenico L, Di Tomo P, Di Giuseppe F, Cianci E, D'Alimonte I, Morabito C, Centurione L, Antonucci I, Mariggiò MA, Di Pietro R, Ciccarelli R, Marchisio M, Romano M, Angelucci S, Pandolfi A. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid-derived cells: a morphological and proteomic approach. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1415-28. [PMID: 25608581 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived from Amniotic Fluid (AFMSCs) are multipotent cells of great interest for regenerative medicine. Two predominant cell types, that is, Epithelial-like (E-like) and Fibroblast-like (F-like), have been previously detected in the amniotic fluid (AF). In this study, we examined the AF from 12 donors and observed the prevalence of the E-like phenotype in 5, whereas the F-like morphology was predominant in 7 samples. These phenotypes showed slight differences in membrane markers, with higher CD90 and lower Sox2 and SSEA-4 expression in F-like than in E-like cells; whereas CD326 was expressed only in the E-like phenotype. They did not show any significant differences in osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. Proteomic analysis revealed that samples with a predominant E-like phenotype (HC1) showed a different profile than those with a predominant F-like phenotype (HC2). Twenty-five and eighteen protein spots were differentially expressed in HC1 and HC2 classes, respectively. Of these, 17 from HC1 and 4 from HC2 were identified by mass spectrometry. Protein-interaction networks for both phenotypes showed strong interactions between specific AFMSC proteins and molecular chaperones, such as preproteasomes and mature proteasomes, both of which are important for cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Collectively, our results provide evidence that, regardless of differences in protein profiling, the prevalence of E-like or F-like cells in AF does not affect the differentiation capacity of AFMSC preparations. This may be valuable information with a view to the therapeutic use of AFMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pipino
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianci
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Iolanda D'Alimonte
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 5Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Centurione
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 6Psychological Sciences Humanities and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 5Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- 4Department of Medicine and Aging Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- 2Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), "Università G. d'Annunzio" Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- 3StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
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Park SB, Ryu YJ, Chung YS, Kim CH, Chung CK. Overexpressions of Vimentin and Integrins in Human Metastatic Spine Tumors. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 57:329-34. [PMID: 26113959 PMCID: PMC4479713 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.5.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To comparatively investigate the expression of several integrins in specimens of human bone metastases and degenerative bone tissue. Methods Degenerative cancellous tissue was obtained from a sample of human degenerative spine. Thirteen human specimens were obtained from metastatic spine tumors, whose primary cancer was colon cancer (n=3), hepatocellular cancer (n=3), lung cancer (n=4), and breast cancer (n=3). The expression of vimentin and integrins αv, β1, and β3 was assessed in metastatic and degenerative specimens by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that vimentin and integrin αv was broadly expressed in all tissues examined. By contrast, integrin β1 was weakly expressed only in 38.4% (5/13) of tissues. Integrin β3 was consistently negative in all cases examined. qRT-PCR analysis showed that vimentin gene expression was higher in all metastatic specimens, as compared to degenerative bone. The gene expression of integrin αv in breast specimen was significantly higher than others (p=0.045). The gene expression of integrin β1 was also higher in all metastatic specimens than in degenerative bone tissue. The gene expression of integrin β3 was variable. Conclusion Spinal metastatic tumors have mesenchymal characteristics such as increased expression of vimentin. The increased expression of integrin αv and β1 in spine metastatic tumors suggests that adhesive molecules such as integrin may have implications for the prevention of spine metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Seob Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea. ; Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Zoni E, van der Horst G, van de Merbel AF, Chen L, Rane JK, Pelger RCM, Collins AT, Visakorpi T, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Maitland NJ, van der Pluijm G. miR-25 Modulates Invasiveness and Dissemination of Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Regulation of αv- and α6-Integrin Expression. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2326-36. [PMID: 25858144 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered microRNA (miRNA; miR) expression is associated with tumor formation and progression of various solid cancers. A major challenge in miRNA expression profiling of bulk tumors is represented by the heterogeneity of the subpopulations of cells that constitute the organ, as well as the tumor tissue. Here, we analyzed the expression of miRNAs in a subpopulation of epithelial stem/progenitor-like cells in human prostate cancer [prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC)] and compared their expression profile to more differentiated cancer cells. In both cell lines and clinical prostate cancer specimens, we identified that miR-25 expression in PCSCs was low/absent and steadily increased during their differentiation into cells with a luminal epithelial phenotype. Functional studies revealed that overexpression of miR-25 in prostate cancer cell lines and selected subpopulation of highly metastatic and tumorigenic cells (ALDH(high)) strongly affected the invasive cytoskeleton, causing reduced migration in vitro and metastasis via attenuation of extravasation in vivo. Here, we show, for the first time, that miR-25 can act as a tumor suppressor in highly metastatic PCSCs by direct functional interaction with the 3'-untranslated regions of proinvasive αv- and α6-integrins. Taken together, our observations suggest that miR-25 is a key regulator of invasiveness in human prostate cancer through its direct interactions with αv- and α6-integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zoni
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G van der Horst
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A F van de Merbel
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J K Rane
- Department of Biology, YCR Cancer Research Unit, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - R C M Pelger
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A T Collins
- Department of Biology, YCR Cancer Research Unit, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - T Visakorpi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - B E Snaar-Jagalska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N J Maitland
- Department of Biology, YCR Cancer Research Unit, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - G van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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37
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Li Y, Drabsch Y, Pujuguet P, Ren J, van Laar T, Zhang L, van Dam H, Clément-Lacroix P, Ten Dijke P. Genetic depletion and pharmacological targeting of αv integrin in breast cancer cells impairs metastasis in zebrafish and mouse xenograft models. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:28. [PMID: 25849225 PMCID: PMC4381510 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased expression of αv integrins is frequently associated with tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis, and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which αv integrins can enhance breast cancer progression is still largely unclear. The effects of therapeutic targeting of αv integrins in breast cancer also have yet to be investigated. Methods We knocked down αv integrin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A-M4 breast cancer cells, or treated these cells with the αv antagonist GLPG0187. The effects of αv integrin depletion on mesenchymal markers, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling and TGF-β-induced target gene expression were analyzed in MDA-MB-231 cells by RNA analysis or Western blotting. The function of αv integrin on breast cancer cell migration was investigated by transwell assay in vitro, and its effect on breast cancer progression was assessed by both zebrafish and mouse xenografts in vivo. In the mouse model, GLPG0187 was administered separately, or in combination with the standard-of-care anti-resorptive agent zoledronate and the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel, to study the effects of combinational treatments on breast cancer metastasis. Results Genetic interference and pharmacological targeting of αv integrin with GLPG0187 in different breast cancer cell lines inhibited invasion and metastasis in the zebrafish or mouse xenograft model. Depletion of αv integrin in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers and the TGF-β/Smad response. TGF-β induced αv integrin mRNA expression and αv integrin was required for TGF-β-induced breast cancer cell migration. Moreover, treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with non-peptide RGD antagonist GLPG0187 decreased TGF-β signaling. In the mouse xenografts GLPG0187 inhibited the progression of bone metastasis. Maximum efficacy of inhibition of bone metastasis was achieved when GLPG0187 was combined with the standard-of-care metastatic breast cancer treatments. Conclusion These findings show that αv integrin is required for efficient TGF-β/Smad signaling and TGF-β-induced breast cancer cell migration, and for maintaining a mesenchymal phenotype of the breast cancer cells. Our results also provide evidence that targeting αv integrin could be an effective therapeutic approach for treatment of breast cancer tumors and/or metastases that overexpress αv integrin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0537-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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38
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Ghotra VPS, He S, van der Horst G, Nijhoff S, de Bont H, Lekkerkerker A, Janssen R, Jenster G, van Leenders GJLH, Hoogland AMM, Verhoef EI, Baranski Z, Xiong J, van de Water B, van der Pluijm G, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Danen EHJ. SYK is a candidate kinase target for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:230-40. [PMID: 25388286 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Improved targeted therapies are needed to combat metastatic prostate cancer. Here, we report the identification of the spleen kinase SYK as a mediator of metastatic dissemination in zebrafish and mouse xenograft models of human prostate cancer. Although SYK has not been implicated previously in this disease, we found that its expression is upregulated in human prostate cancers and associated with malignant progression. RNAi-mediated silencing prevented invasive outgrowth in vitro and bone colonization in vivo, effects that were reversed by wild-type but not kinase-dead SYK expression. In the absence of SYK expression, cell surface levels of the progression-associated adhesion receptors integrin α2β1 and CD44 were diminished. RNAi-mediated silencing of α2β1 phenocopied SYK depletion in vitro and in vivo, suggesting an effector role for α2β1 in this setting. Notably, pharmacologic inhibitors of SYK kinase currently in phase I-II trials for other indications interfered similarly with the invasive growth and dissemination of prostate cancer cells. Our findings offer a mechanistic rationale to reposition SYK kinase inhibitors for evaluation in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerander P S Ghotra
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shuning He
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steffen Nijhoff
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Bont
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - A Marije M Hoogland
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther I Verhoef
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Baranski
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jiangling Xiong
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Altered gene products involved in the malignant reprogramming of cancer stem/progenitor cells and multitargeted therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:3-32. [PMID: 23994756 PMCID: PMC3938987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in the field of cancer stem cells have revealed that the alterations in key gene products involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, altered metabolic pathways such as enhanced glycolysis, lipogenesis and/or autophagy and treatment resistance may occur in cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer progression. Particularly, the sustained activation of diverse developmental cascades such as hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βR receptors and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) can play critical functions for high self-renewal potential, survival, invasion and metastases of cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. It has also been observed that cancer cells may be reprogrammed to re-express different pluripotency-associated stem cell-like markers such as Myc, Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 along the EMT process and under stressful and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the enhanced expression and/or activities of some drug resistance-associated molecules such as Bcl-2, Akt/molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters frequently occur in cancer cells during cancer progression and metastases. These molecular events may cooperate for the survival and acquisition of a more aggressive and migratory behavior by cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer transition to metastatic and recurrent disease states. Of therapeutic interest, these altered gene products may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop novel multitargeted strategies for improving current cancer therapies and preventing disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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40
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van der Horst G, Bos L, van der Mark M, Cheung H, Heckmann B, Clément-Lacroix P, Lorenzon G, Pelger RCM, Bevers RFM, van der Pluijm G. Targeting of alpha-v integrins reduces malignancy of bladder carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108464. [PMID: 25247809 PMCID: PMC4172769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low survival rates of metastatic cancers emphasize the need for a drug that can prevent and/or treat metastatic cancer. αv integrins are involved in essential processes for tumor growth and metastasis and targeting of αv integrins has been shown to decrease angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, the role of αv integrin and its potential as a drug target in bladder cancer was investigated. Treatment with an αv integrin antagonist as well as knockdown of αv integrin in the bladder carcinoma cell lines, resulted in reduced malignancy in vitro, as illustrated by decreased proliferative, migratory and clonogenic capacity. The CDH1/CDH2 ratio increased, indicating a shift towards a more epithelial phenotype. This shift appeared to be associated with downregulation of EMT-inducing transcription factors including SNAI2. The expression levels of the self-renewal genes NANOG and BMI1 decreased as well as the number of cells with high Aldehyde Dehydrogenase activity. In addition, self-renewal ability decreased as measured with the urosphere assay. In line with these observations, knockdown or treatment of αv integrins resulted in decreased metastatic growth in preclinical in vivo models as assessed by bioluminescence imaging. In conclusion, we show that αv integrins are involved in migration, EMT and maintenance of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase activity in bladder cancer cells. Targeting of αv integrins might be a promising approach for treatment and/or prevention of metastatic bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertje van der Horst
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Lieke Bos
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike van der Mark
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Cheung
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rob C. M. Pelger
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob F. M. Bevers
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Ziaee S, Chung LWK. Induction of integrin α2 in a highly bone metastatic human prostate cancer cell line: roles of RANKL and AR under three-dimensional suspension culture. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:208. [PMID: 25200184 PMCID: PMC4171564 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis can be markedly enhanced by increased receptor activator of NF kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression in PCa cells. Molecular mechanisms that account for the increased predilection of PCa for bone include increased bone turnover, promotion of PCa cell growth and survival in the bone environment, and recruitment of bystander dormant cells to participate in bone metastasis. The current study tests the hypothesis that PCa cells acquire high adhesion to bone matrix proteins, which controls PCa bone colonization, under the RANKL/RANK and AR axes. Methods We used a highly bone metastatic RANKL-overexpressing LNCaP PCa cell line, LNCaPRANKL, as a model to pursue the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased adhesion of PCa cells to collagens. A three-dimensional (3-D) suspension PCa organoid model was developed. The functions of integrin α2 in cell adhesion and survival were evaluated by flow cytometry and western blot. AR expression and functionality were compared in 2-D monolayer versus 3-D suspension cultures using AR promoter- and PSA promoter-luciferase activity. AR role in cell adhesion was assessed using an adhesion assay. Results LNCaPRANKL cells were shown to adhere tightly to ColI matrix through increased α2 integrin expression. This increased adhesion, concomitant with activation of the FAK and Akt pathways, was further enhanced by culturing LNCaPRANKL cells in 3-D suspension. Under the influence of 3-D suspension culture, AR was restored in LNCaPRANKL cells via downregulation of AP-4 transcription factor, and supported increased α2 integrin expression and adhesion to ColI. Conclusion 3-D suspension culture and in vivo PCa tumor growth restore AR through downregulation of AP-4, enhancing integrin α2 expression and adhesion to ColI which is rich in bone matrices. The interactions of PCa with ColI, mediated by integrin α2 and AR expression, could be a key molecular event accounting for PCa bone metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-208) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Reeves KJ, Hurrell JE, Cecchini M, van der Pluijm G, Down JM, Eaton CL, Hamdy F, Clement-Lacroix P, Brown NJ. Prostate cancer cells home to bone using a novelin vivomodel: Modulation by the integrin antagonist GLPG0187. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1731-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J. Reeves
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Jack E. Hurrell
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology; University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35; CH-3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology; Leiden University Medical Center; J3-100, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jenny M. Down
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Colby L. Eaton
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism; Medical School, University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Urology & Oncology, Nuffield Department of Surgery; John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola J. Brown
- Microcirculation Research Group, Department of Oncology; CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield; S10 2RX United Kingdom
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing list of malignancies and are believed to be responsible for cancer initiation, metastasis and relapse following certain therapies, even though they may only represent a small fraction of the cells in a given cancer. Like somatic stem cells and embryonic stem cells, CSCs are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into more mature, less tumorigenic cells that make up the bulk populations of cancer cells. Elimination of CSCs promises intriguing therapeutic potential and this concept has been adopted in preclinical drug discovery programs. Herein we will discuss the progress of these efforts, general considerations in practice, major challenges and possible solutions.
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44
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Sheldrake HM, Patterson LH. Strategies to inhibit tumor associated integrin receptors: rationale for dual and multi-antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6301-15. [PMID: 24568695 DOI: 10.1021/jm5000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The integrins are a family of 24 heterodimeric transmembrane cell surface receptors. Involvement in cell attachment to the extracellular matrix, motility, and proliferation identifies integrins as therapeutic targets in cancer and associated conditions: thrombosis, angiogenesis, and osteoporosis. The most reported strategy for drug development is synthesis of an agent that is highly selective for a single integrin receptor. However, the ability of cancer cells to change their integrin repertoire in response to drug treatment renders this approach vulnerable to the development of resistance and paradoxical promotion of tumor growth. Here, we review progress toward development of antagonists targeting two or more members of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding integrins, notably αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, α5β1, and αIIbβ3, as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Sheldrake
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford , Bradford, BD7 1DP, U.K
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45
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Molecular biomarkers of cancer stem/progenitor cells associated with progression, metastases, and treatment resistance of aggressive cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:234-54. [PMID: 24273063 PMCID: PMC3977531 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The validation of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumor cells is of critical importance for optimizing the choice and efficacy of personalized therapies. Importantly, recent advances have led to the identification of gene-expression signatures in cancer cells, including cancer stem/progenitor cells, in the primary tumors, exosomes, circulating tumor cells (CTC), and disseminated cancer cells at distant metastatic sites. The gene-expression signatures may help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival of patients with cancer. Potential biomarkers in cancer cells include stem cell-like markers [CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD44, and CD24], growth factors, and their cognate receptors [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFRvIII, and HER2], molecules associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT; vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, twist, and Zeb1), regulators of altered metabolism (phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase/Akt/mTOR), and drug resistance (multidrug transporters and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1). Moreover, different pluripotency-associated transcription factors (Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, and Myc) and microRNAs that are involved in the epigenetic reprogramming and acquisition of stem cell-like properties by cancer cells during cancer progression may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers to predict the risk of metastases, systemic treatment resistance, and disease relapse of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Lee N, Barthel SR, Schatton T. Melanoma stem cells and metastasis: mimicking hematopoietic cell trafficking? J Transl Med 2014; 94:13-30. [PMID: 24126889 PMCID: PMC3941309 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic cancer that bears responsibility for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Amidst the research efforts to better understand melanoma progression, there has been increasing evidence that hints at a role for a subpopulation of virulent cancer cells, termed malignant melanoma stem or initiating cells (MMICs), in metastasis formation. MMICs are characterized by their preferential ability to initiate and propagate tumor growth and their selective capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into less tumorigenic melanoma cells. The frequency of MMICs has been shown to correlate with poor clinical prognosis in melanoma. In addition, MMICs are enriched among circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, suggesting that MMICs may be a critical factor in the metastatic cascade. Although these links exist between MMICs and metastatic disease, the mechanisms by which MMICs may advance metastatic progression are only beginning to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that MMICs express molecules critical for hematopoietic cell maintenance and trafficking, providing a possible explanation for how circulating MMICs could drive melanoma dissemination. We therefore propose that MMICs might fuel melanoma metastasis by exploiting homing mechanisms commonly utilized by hematopoietic cells. Here we review the biological properties of MMICs and the existing literature on their metastatic potential. We will discuss possible mechanisms by which MMICs might initiate metastases in the context of established knowledge of cancer stem cells in other cancers and of hematopoietic homing molecules, with a particular focus on selectins, integrins, chemokines and chemokine receptors known to be expressed by melanoma cells. Biological understanding of how these molecules might be utilized by MMICs to propel the metastatic cascade could critically impact the development of more effective therapies for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven R. Barthel
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tobias Schatton, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 673B, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Caracciolo G, Cardarelli F, Pozzi D, Salomone F, Maccari G, Bardi G, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Papi M, Laganà A. Selective targeting capability acquired with a protein corona adsorbed on the surface of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane/DNA nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:13171-9. [PMID: 24245615 DOI: 10.1021/am404171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A possible turning point in drug delivery has been recently reached: the protein shell, which covers nanocarriers in vivo, can be used for targeting. Here, we show that nanoparticles can acquire a selective targeting capability with a protein corona adsorbed on the surface. We demonstrate that lipid particles made of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and DNA, upon interaction with human plasma components, spontaneously become coated with vitronectin that promotes efficient uptake in cancer cells expressing high levels of the vitronectin ανβ3 integrin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Dushyanthen S, Cossigny DAF, Quan GMY. The osteoblastic and osteoclastic interactions in spinal metastases secondary to prostate cancer. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2013; 6:61-80. [PMID: 24665208 PMCID: PMC3941153 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers arising in men and has a high propensity for bone metastasis, particularly to the spine. At this stage, it often causes severe morbidity due to pathological fracture and/or metastatic epidural spinal cord compression which, if untreated, inevitably leads to intractable pain, neurological deficit, and paralysis. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving growth of secondary PC in the bony vertebral column remain largely unknown. Further investigation is warranted in order to identify therapeutic targets in the future. This review summarizes the current understanding of PC bone metastasis in the spine, highlighting interactions between key tumor and bone-derived factors which influence tumor progression, especially the functional roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone microenvironment through their interactions with metastatic PC cells and the critical pathway RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathana Dushyanthen
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Davina A F Cossigny
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald M Y Quan
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
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Jin F, Qu X, Fan Q, Wang L, Tang T, Hao Y, Dai K. Regulation of prostate cancer cell migration toward bone marrow stromal cell-conditioned medium by Wnt5a signaling. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1486-92. [PMID: 24064566 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a major site of metastasis for several types of malignant tumor. Specific interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment contribute to the tendency of tumors to metastasize to bone. Furthermore, Wnt5a participates in the progression of several types of malignant tumor. This study investigates the role of Wnt5a in the migration of the prostate cancer (PCa) cell line PC3 toward bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)‑conditioned medium (CM). The expression of 22 genes associated with bone metastasis was measured in three PCa cell lines (LNCaP, PC3 and DU145). Subsequently, the proliferation and migration capacities of PC3 cells treated either with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Wnt5a or with recombinant mouse (rm) Wnt5a were analyzed with alamarBlue and transwell assays. BMSC‑CM was collected to evaluate its effect on PC3 cell migration. Also, the expression of Wnt5a in BMSCs was knocked down prior to collection of the CM to evaluate its effects on the migration of PC3 cells. Significantly higher levels of Wnt5a mRNA expression were identified in the PC3 cells, compared with those in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Silencing Wnt5a expression with siRNA reduced the migration capacity of PC3 cells by 50%. The addition of rmWnt5a improved the migration capacity of PC3 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner. PC3 cells preferred to migrate toward BMSC‑CM than toward the control. CM from Wnt5a siRNA‑treated BMSCs significantly reduced PC3 cell migration. Wnt5a promotes PC3 cell migration toward BMSC‑CM, indicating that Wnt5a is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchun Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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50
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Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion to neighboring cells and to the extracellular matrix. Here, the various modes in which integrin-mediated adhesion regulates intracellular signaling pathways impinging on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are considered. Subsequently, evidence that integrins also control crucial signaling cascades in cancer cells is discussed. Lastly, the important role of integrin signaling in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells that support cancer growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance indicates that integrin signaling may be an attractive target for (combined) cancer therapy strategies. Current approaches to target integrins in this context are reviewed.
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