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Gulia S, Chandra P, Das A. Combating anoikis resistance: bioactive compounds transforming prostate cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:687-697. [PMID: 38743565 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to discuss the challenges associated with treating prostate cancer (PCa), which is known for its complexity and drug resistance. It attempts to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as those linked to anoikis resistance and circulating tumor cells, in PCa samples. This study involves analyzing the functional roles of these DEGs using gene enrichment analysis, and then screening of 102 bioactive compounds to identify a combination that can control the expression of the identified DEGs. In this study, 53 DEGs were identified from PCa samples including anoikis-resistant PCa cells and circulating tumor cells in PCa. Gene enrichment analysis with regards to functional enrichment of DEGs was performed. An inclusive screening process was carried out among 102 bioactive compounds to identify a combination capable of affecting and regulating the expression of selected DEGs. Eventually, gastrodin, nitidine chloride, chenodeoxycholic acid, and bilobalide were selected, as their combination demonstrated ability to modulate expression of 50 out of the 53 genes targeted. The subsequent analysis focused on investigating the biological pathways and processes influenced by this combination. The findings revealed a multifaceted and multidimensional approach to tumor regression. The combination of bioactive compounds exhibited effects on various genes including those related to production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The current study has made a valuable contribution to the development of a combination of bioactive natural compounds that can significantly impede the development of treatment resistance in prostate tumor while countering the tumors' evasion of the immune system. The implications of this study are highly significant as it suggests the creation of an enhanced immunotherapeutic, natural therapeutic concoction with combinatorial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gulia
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Lleshi E, Milne-Clark T, Lee Yu H, Martin HW, Hanson R, Lach R, Rossi SH, Riediger AL, Görtz M, Sültmann H, Flewitt A, Lynch AG, Gnanapragasam VJ, Massie CE, Dev HS. Prostate cancer detection through unbiased capture of methylated cell-free DNA. iScience 2024; 27:110330. [PMID: 39055933 PMCID: PMC11269940 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been shown to reduce mortality but with substantial overdiagnosis, leading to unnecessary biopsies. The identification of a highly specific biomarker using liquid biopsies, represents an unmet need in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer. In this study, we employed a method that enriches for methylated cell-free DNA fragments coupled with a machine learning algorithm which enabled the detection of metastatic and localized cancers with AUCs of 0.96 and 0.74, respectively. The model also detected 51.8% (14/27) of localized and 88.7% (79/89) of patients with metastatic cancer in an external dataset. Furthermore, we show that the differentially methylated regions reflect epigenetic and transcriptomic changes at the tissue level. Notably, these regions are significantly enriched for biologically relevant pathways associated with the regulation of cellular proliferation and TGF-beta signaling. This demonstrates the potential of circulating tumor DNA methylation for prostate cancer detection and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Lleshi
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toby Milne-Clark
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Henson Lee Yu
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Henno W. Martin
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Robert Hanson
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Radoslaw Lach
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Sabrina H. Rossi
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Anja Lisa Riediger
- University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Holger Sültmann
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Flewitt
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy G. Lynch
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | | | - Charlie E. Massie
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Harveer S. Dev
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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Jafarian M, Hasannia T, Badameh P, Behmanesh M, Soltani BM. Introduction of miR-3613-3p as a regulator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:728. [PMID: 38861185 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second common cancer and the fourth major reason of cancer death worldwide. Dysregulation of intracellular pathways, such as TGF-β/SMAD signaling, contributes to CRC development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators that are involved in CRC pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of miR-3613-3p on the TGF-β /SMAD signaling pathway in CRC. METHODS & RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-3613-3p is a regulator of TGF-Β signaling downstream genes. Then, miR-3613-3p overexpression was followed by downregulation of TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and SMAD2 expression levels, detected by RT-qPCR. Additionally, dual luciferase assay supported the direct interaction of miR-3613-3p with 3'UTR sequences of TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 genes. Furthermore, reduced SMAD3 protein level following the miR-3613-3p overexpression verified its suppressive effect against TGF-β signaling in HCT-116 cells, detected by western blot analysis. Finally, miR-3613-3p overexpression induced sub-G1 arrest in HCT116 cells, detected by flow cytometry, and promoted downregulation of cyclin D1 protein expression, which was detected by western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that miR-3613-3p plays an important role in CRC by targeting the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and could be considered as a new candidate for further therapy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Jafarian
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabasom Hasannia
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Badameh
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Quintanilha JCF, Sibley AB, Liu Y, Niedzwiecki D, Halabi S, Rogers L, O'Neil B, Kindler H, Kelly W, Venook A, McLeod HL, Ratain MJ, Nixon AB, Innocenti F, Owzar K. Common variation in a long non-coding RNA gene modulates variation of circulating TGF-β2 levels in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (Alliance). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:473. [PMID: 38745123 PMCID: PMC11092225 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herein, we report results from a genome-wide study conducted to identify protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for circulating angiogenic and inflammatory protein markers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The study was conducted using genotype, protein marker, and baseline clinical and demographic data from CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance), a randomized phase III study designed to assess outcomes of adding VEGF or EGFR inhibitors to systemic chemotherapy in mCRC patients. Germline DNA derived from blood was genotyped on whole-genome array platforms. The abundance of protein markers was quantified using a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from plasma derived from peripheral venous blood collected at baseline. A robust rank-based method was used to assess the statistical significance of each variant and protein pair against a strict genome-wide level. A given pQTL was tested for validation in two external datasets of prostate (CALGB 90401) and pancreatic cancer (CALGB 80303) patients. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to further establish biological bases for these findings. RESULTS The final analysis was carried out based on data from 540,021 common typed genetic variants and 23 protein markers from 869 genetically estimated European patients with mCRC. Correcting for multiple testing, the analysis discovered a novel cis-pQTL in LINC02869, a long non-coding RNA gene, for circulating TGF-β2 levels (rs11118119; AAF = 0.11; P-value < 1.4e-14). This finding was validated in a cohort of 538 prostate cancer patients from CALGB 90401 (AAF = 0.10, P-value < 3.3e-25). The analysis also validated a cis-pQTL we had previously reported for VEGF-A in advanced pancreatic cancer, and additionally identified trans-pQTLs for VEGF-R3, and cis-pQTLs for CD73. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided evidence of a novel cis germline genetic variant that regulates circulating TGF-β2 levels in plasma of patients with advanced mCRC and prostate cancer. Moreover, the validation of previously identified pQTLs for VEGF-A, CD73, and VEGF-R3, potentiates the validity of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C F Quintanilha
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan Halabi
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Layne Rogers
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bert O'Neil
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Utah Tech University, St George, UT, USA
| | - Mark J Ratain
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Smith SF, Brewer DS, Hurst R, Cooper CS. Applications of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1717. [PMID: 38730670 PMCID: PMC11083542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men in the UK, causing significant health and economic burdens. Diagnosis and risk prognostication can be challenging due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer as well as uncertainties in our knowledge of the underlying biology and natural history of disease development. Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microscopic, lipid bilayer defined particles released by cells that carry a variety of molecular cargoes including nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules. Urine is a plentiful source of prostate-derived EVs. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence on the function of urinary EVs and their applications in the evolving field of prostate cancer diagnostics and active surveillance. EVs are implicated in the development of all hallmarks of prostate cancer, and this knowledge has been applied to the development of multiple diagnostic tests, which are largely based on RNA and miRNA. Common gene probes included in multi-probe tests include PCA3 and ERG, and the miRNAs miR-21 and miR-141. The next decade will likely bring further improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers as well as insights into molecular biological mechanisms of action that can be translated into opportunities in precision uro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Smith
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| | - Rachel Hurst
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
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Wu J, Ji H, Li T, Guo H, Xu H, Zhu J, Tian J, Gao M, Wang X, Zhang A. Targeting the prostate tumor microenvironment by plant-derived natural products. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111011. [PMID: 38104704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancies for men, with limited therapy options for last stages of the tumor. There are some different options for treatment and control of prostate tumor growth. However, targeting some specific molecules and cells within tumors has been attracted interests in recent years. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an important role in the initiation of various malignancies, which can also expand the progression of tumor and facilitate invasion of malignant cells. By regulating immune responses and distinct changes in the metabolism of cells in the tumor, TME has substantial effects in the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. TME in various solid cancers like prostate cancer includes various cells, including cancer cells, supportive stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells, and anticancer inflammatory cells. Natural products including herbal-derived agents and also other natural compounds have been well studied for their anti-tumor potentials. These compounds may modulate various signaling pathways involved in TME, such as immune responses, the metabolism of cells, epigenetics, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM). This paper provides a review of the current knowledge of prostate TME and complex interactions in this environment. Additionally, the potential use of natural products and also nanoparticles loaded with natural products as therapeutic adjuvants on different cells and therapeutic targets within prostate TME will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Haifeng Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - HaiFei Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Jiale Tian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Mingde Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The operating room of Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China.
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7
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Ciummo SL, Sorrentino C, Fieni C, Di Carlo E. Interleukin-30 subverts prostate cancer-endothelium crosstalk by fostering angiogenesis and activating immunoregulatory and oncogenic signaling pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:336. [PMID: 38087324 PMCID: PMC10714661 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-endothelial interplay is crucial for tumor behavior, yet the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Interleukin(IL)-30, which is expressed as a membrane-anchored cytokine by human prostate cancer (PC) cells, promotes PC vascularization and progression, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully explored. METHODS PC-endothelial cell (EC) interactions were investigated, after coculture, by flow cytometry, transcriptional profiling, western blot, and ELISA assays. Proteome profiler phospho-kinase array unveiled the molecular pathways involved. The role of tumor-derived IL30 on the endothelium's capacity to generate autocrine circuits and vascular budding was determined following IL30 overexpression, by gene transfection, or its deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Clinical value of the experimental findings was determined through immunopathological study of experimental and patient-derived PC samples, and bioinformatics of gene expression profiles from PC patients. RESULTS Contact with PC cells favors EC proliferation and production of angiogenic and angiocrine factors, which are boosted by PC expression of IL30, that feeds autocrine loops, mediated by IGF1, EDN1, ANG and CXCL10, and promotes vascular budding and inflammation, via phosphorylation of multiple signaling proteins, such as Src, Yes, STAT3, STAT6, RSK1/2, c-Jun, AKT and, primarily CREB, GSK-3α/β, HSP60 and p53. Deletion of the IL30 gene in PC cells inhibits endothelial expression of IGF1, EDN1, ANG and CXCL10 and substantially impairs tumor angiogenesis. In its interaction with IL30-overexpressing PC cells the endothelium boosts their expression of a wide range of immunity regulatory genes, including CCL28, CCL4, CCL5, CCR2, CCR7, CXCR4, IL10, IL13, IL17A, FASLG, IDO1, KITLG, TNFA, TNFSF10 and PDCD1, and cancer driver genes, including BCL2, CCND2, EGR3, IL6, VEGFA, KLK3, PTGS1, LGALS4, GNRH1 and SHBG. Immunopathological analyses of PC xenografts and in silico investigation of 1116 PC cases, from the Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atlas, confirmed the correlation between the expression of IL30 and that of both pro-inflammatory genes, NOS2, TNFA, CXCR5 and IL12B, and cancer driver genes, LGALS4, GNRH1 and SHBG, which was validated in a cohort of 80 PC patients. CONCLUSIONS IL30 regulates the crosstalk between PC and EC and reshapes their transcriptional profiles, triggering angiogenic, immunoregulatory and oncogenic gene expression programs. These findings highlight the angiostatic and oncostatic efficacy of targeting IL30 to fight PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Livia Ciummo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fieni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Quintanilha JC, Sibley AB, Liu Y, Niedzwiecki D, Halabi S, Rogers L, O’Neil B, Kindler H, Kelly W, Venook A, McLeod HL, Ratain MJ, Nixon AB, Innocenti F, Owzar K. Common variation in a long non-coding RNA gene modulates variation of circulating TGF- β2 levels in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (Alliance). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.04.23298815. [PMID: 38106038 PMCID: PMC10723514 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.23298815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Herein, we report results from a genome-wide study conducted to identify protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for circulating angiogenic and inflammatory protein markers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).The study was conducted using genotype, protein marker, and baseline clinical and demographic data from CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance), a randomized phase III study designed to assess outcomes of adding VEGF or EGFR inhibitors to systemic chemotherapy in mCRC patients. Germline DNA derived from blood was genotyped on whole-genome array platforms. The abundance of protein markers was quantified using a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from plasma derived from peripheral venous blood collected at baseline. A robust rank-based method was used to assess the statistical significance of each variant and protein pair against a strict genome-wide level. A given pQTL was tested for validation in two external datasets of prostate (CALGB 90401) and pancreatic cancer (CALGB 80303) patients. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to further establish biological bases for these findings. Results The final analysis was carried out based on data from 540,021 common typed genetic variants and 23 protein markers from 869 genetically estimated European patients with mCRC. Correcting for multiple testing, the analysis discovered a novel cis-pQTL in LINC02869, a long non-coding RNA gene, for circulating TGF-β2 levels (rs11118119; AAF = 0.11; P-value < 1.4e-14). This finding was validated in a cohort of 538 prostate cancer patients from CALGB 90401 (AAF = 0.10, P-value < 3.3e-25). The analysis also validated a cis-pQTL we had previously reported for VEGF-A in advanced pancreatic cancer, and additionally identified trans-pQTLs for VEGF-R3, and cis-pQTLs for CD73. Conclusions This study has provided evidence of a novel cis germline genetic variant that regulates circulating TGF-β2 levels in plasma of patients with advanced mCRC and prostate cancer. Moreover, the validation of previously identified pQTLs for VEGF-A, CD73, and VEGF-R3, potentiates the validity of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C.F. Quintanilha
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander B. Sibley
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan Halabi
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Layne Rogers
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bert O’Neil
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Howard L. McLeod
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and Utah Tech University, St George, UT, USA (current); and Intermountain Healthcare, St George, UT, USA (current)
| | - Mark J. Ratain
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew B. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Morozov VM, Riva A, Sarwar S, Kim WJ, Li J, Zhou L, Licht J, Daaka Y, Ishov A. HIRA-mediated loading of histone variant H3.3 controls androgen-induced transcription by regulation of AR/BRD4 complex assembly at enhancers. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10194-10217. [PMID: 37638746 PMCID: PMC10602887 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of histone variant H3.3 comprises active territories of chromatin. Exploring the function of H3.3 in prostate cancer (PC), we found that knockout (KO) of H3.3 chaperone HIRA suppresses PC growth in vitro and in xenograft settings, deregulates androgen-induced gene expression and alters androgen receptor (AR) binding within enhancers of target genes. H3.3 affects transcription in multiple ways, including activation of p300 by phosphorylated H3.3 at Ser-31 (H3.3S31Ph), which results in H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) at enhancers. In turn, H3K27Ac recruits bromodomain protein BRD4 for enhancer-promoter interaction and transcription activation. We observed that HIRA KO reduces H3.3 incorporation, diminishes H3.3S31Ph and H3K27Ac, modifies recruitment of BRD4. These results suggest that H3.3-enriched enhancer chromatin serves as a platform for H3K27Ac-mediated BRD4 recruitment, which interacts with and retains AR at enhancers, resulting in transcription reprogramming. In addition, HIRA KO deregulates glucocorticoid- (GR) driven transcription of genes co-regulated by AR and GR, suggesting a common H3.3/HIRA-dependent mechanism of nuclear receptors function. Expression of HIRA complex proteins is increased in PC compared with normal prostate tissue, especially in high-risk PC groups, and is associated with a negative prognosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate function of HIRA-dependent H3.3 pathway in regulation of nuclear receptors activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav M Morozov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alberto Riva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yehia Daaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander M Ishov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Huang J, Liu D, Li J, Xu J, Dong S, Zhang H. A 12-gene panel in estimating hormone-treatment responses of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients generated using a combined analysis of bulk and single-cell sequencing data. Ann Med 2023; 55:2260387. [PMID: 37729607 PMCID: PMC10512812 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2260387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) represents one type of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) with a median survival time of 1-2 years. Currently, there is a lack of reliable gene panels in predicting hormone treatment (HT) responses due to limited knowledge of CRPC-specific tumor-microenvironment (TME) characteristics. METHODS In this study, we first screened for up-regulated genes in CRPC samples using bulk-sequencing data retrieved from TCGA online database, and further investigated the expression status of these genes in four sets of downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data: GSE117403 containing 16 normal human prostate samples; GSE141445 containing 13 PCa samples; GSE176031 containing 11 PCa samples and GSE137829 containing 6 CRPC samples. RESULTS We identified a series of CRPC-specific TME characteristics including an enriched number of PEG10+ neuroendocrine cells, elevated expression of PPIB/CCDC74A/GAPDH/AR genes in tumor cells, increased expression of FAP/TGFB1 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppressed immune environment featured by enhanced M2 macrophage polarization, T cell exhaustion and increased number of regulatory B cells. We further established a 12-gene panel using these characteristics and showed that this panel could separate CRPC samples from PCa samples (AUC of 0.78), and CRPC patients with higher panel scores tended to have treatment failure or progression (R = -0.47, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Based on these unique TME characteristics of CRPC, we established a prediction tool for estimating the duration of HT responses in PCa treatment. Our results suggest mechanisms by which prostate cancer becomes castrate resistant. Further study of PEG10 (and/or others) to evaluate therapeutic efficacy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanlan Huang
- Department of Health Management, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dale Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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11
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Shree B, Das K, Sharma V. Emerging role of transforming growth factor-β-regulated long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer pathogenesis. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:195-204. [PMID: 38327834 PMCID: PMC10846338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men. Despite aggressive therapy involving surgery and hormonal treatments, the recurrence and emergence of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) remain a major challenge. Dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is crucial to PCa development and progression. This also contributes to androgen receptor activation and the emergence of CRPC. In addition, TGF-β signaling regulates long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in multiple cancers, including PCa. Here, we discuss the complex regulatory network of lncRNAs and TGF-β signaling in PCa and their potential applications in diagnosing, prognosis, and treating PCa. Further investigations on the role of lncRNAs in the TGF-β pathway will help to better understand PCa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhya Shree
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Koyel Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
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12
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Morozov VM, Riva A, Sarwar S, Kim W, Li J, Zhou L, Licht JD, Daaka Y, Ishov AM. HIRA-mediated loading of histone variant H3.3 controls androgen-induced transcription by regulation of AR/BRD4 complex assembly at enhancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.536256. [PMID: 37214820 PMCID: PMC10197601 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.536256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of histone variant H3.3 comprises active territories of chromatin. Exploring the function of H3.3 in prostate cancer (PC), we found that knockout (KO) of H3.3 chaperone HIRA suppresses PC growth in vitro and in xenograft settings, deregulates androgen-induced gene expression and alters androgen receptor (AR) binding within enhancers of target genes. H3.3 affects transcription in multiple ways, including activation of p300 by phosphorylated H3.3 at Ser-31 (H3.3S31Ph), which results in H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) at enhancers. In turn, H3K27Ac recruits bromodomain protein BRD4 for enhancer-promoter interaction and transcription activation. We observed that HIRA KO reduces H3.3 incorporation, diminishes H3.3S31Ph and H3K27Ac, modifies recruitment of BRD4. These results suggest that H3.3-enriched enhancer chromatin serves as a platform for H3K27Ac-mediated BRD4 recruitment, which interacts with and retains AR at enhancers, resulting in transcription reprogramming. AR KO reduced levels of H3.3 at enhancers, indicating feedback mechanism. In addition, HIRA KO deregulates glucocorticoid-driven transcription, suggesting a common H3.3/HIRA-dependent mechanism of nuclear receptors function. Expression of HIRA complex proteins is increased in PC compared with normal prostate tissue, especially in high-risk PC groups, and is associated with a negative prognosis. Collectively, our results demonstrate function of HIRA-dependent H3.3 pathway in regulation of nuclear receptors activity. Key points *H3.3 at enhancers promotes acetylation of H3K27Ac and retention of AR/BRD4 complex for transcription regulation*Knockout of H3.3 chaperone HIRA suppresses PC cells growth and deregulates androgen-induced transcription*H3.3/HIRA pathway regulates both AR and GR, suggesting a common HIRA/H3.3 mechanism of nuclear receptors function.
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13
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Nepali PR, Kyprianou N. Anoikis in phenotypic reprogramming of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1160267. [PMID: 37091854 PMCID: PMC10113530 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males wherein 1 in 8 men are diagnosed with this disease in their lifetime. The urgency to find novel therapeutic interventions is associated with high treatment resistance and mortality rates associated with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Anoikis is an apoptotic phenomenon for normal epithelial or endothelial cells that have lost their attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Tumor cells that lose their connection to the ECM can die via apoptosis or survive via anoikis resistance and thus escaping to distant organs for metastatic progression. This review discusses the recent advances made in our understanding of the signaling effectors of anoikis in prostate cancer and the approaches to translate these mechanistic insights into therapeutic benefits for reducing lethal disease outcomes (by overcoming anoikis resistance). The prostate tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic landscape wherein the balance between androgen signaling, cell lineage changes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix interactions, actin cytoskeleton remodeling as well as metabolic changes, confer anoikis resistance and metastatic spread. Thus, these mechanisms also offer unique molecular treatment signatures, exploitation of which can prime prostate tumors to anoikis induction with a high translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna R. Nepali
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Borges DS, Vecchi L, Barros DCT, Arruda VM, Ferreira HSV, da Silva MF, Guerra JFDC, Siqueira RP, Araújo TG. Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) Modulate Glutathione S-Transferase in Non-Tumorigenic Prostate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6323. [PMID: 37047296 PMCID: PMC10094733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC50 (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Silva Borges
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Deysse Carla Tolentino Barros
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Marques Arruda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Joyce Ferreira da Costa Guerra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
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15
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Wiesehöfer M, Raczinski BBG, Wiesehöfer C, Dankert JT, Czyrnik ED, Spahn M, Kruithof-de Julio M, Wennemuth G. Epiregulin expression and secretion is increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1107021. [PMID: 36994208 PMCID: PMC10040687 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn prostate cancer, long-term treatment directed against androgens often leads to the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is more aggressive and not curatively treatable. Androgen deprivation results in elevated epiregulin expression in LNCaP cells which is a ligand of EGFR. This study aims to reveal the expression and regulation of epiregulin in different prostate cancer stages enabling a more specific molecular characterization of different prostate carcinoma types.MethodsFive different prostate carcinoma cell lines were used to characterize the epiregulin expression on the RNA and protein levels. Epiregulin expression and its correlation with different patient conditions were further analyzed using clinical prostate cancer tissue samples. Additionally, the regulation of epiregulin biosynthesis was examined at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and release level.ResultsAn increased epiregulin secretion is detected in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissue samples indicating a correlation of epiregulin expression with tumor recurrence, metastasis and increased grading. Analysis regarding the activity of different transcription factors suggests the involvement of SMAD2/3 in the regulation of epiregulin expression. In addition, miR-19a, -19b, and -20b are involved in post-transcriptional epiregulin regulation. The release of mature epiregulin occurs via proteolytic cleavage by ADAM17, MMP2, and MMP9 which are increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.DiscussionThe results demonstrate epiregulin regulation by different mechanism and suggest a potential role as a diagnostic tool to detect molecular alterations in prostate cancer progression. Additionally, although EGFR inhibitors false in prostate cancer, epiregulin could be a therapeutic target for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Wiesehöfer
- Department of Anatomy, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Spahn
- Department of Urology, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Translation Organoid Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department of Anatomy, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gunther Wennemuth,
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16
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Zhai X, Mao L, Wu M, Liu J, Yu S. Challenges of Anti-Mesothelin CAR-T-Cell Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051357. [PMID: 36900151 PMCID: PMC10000068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is a kind of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) that has developed rapidly in recent years. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that is highly expressed in various solid tumors and is an important target antigen for the development of new immunotherapies for solid tumors. This article reviews the clinical research status, obstacles, advancements and challenges of anti-MSLN CAR-T-cell therapy. Clinical trials on anti-MSLN CAR-T cells show that they have a high safety profile but limited efficacy. At present, local administration and introduction of new modifications are being used to enhance proliferation and persistence and to improve the efficacy and safety of anti-MSLN CAR-T cells. A number of clinical and basic studies have shown that the curative effect of combining this therapy with standard therapy is significantly better than that of monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Zhai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shicang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Dalpatraj N, Naik A, Thakur N. Combination Treatment of a Phytochemical and a Histone Demethylase Inhibitor-A Novel Approach towards Targeting TGFβ-Induced EMT, Invasion, and Migration in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031860. [PMID: 36768182 PMCID: PMC9915876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimizing side effects, overcoming cancer drug resistance, and preventing metastasis of cancer cells are of growing interest in current cancer therapeutics. Phytochemicals are being researched in depth as they are protective to normal cells and have fewer side effects. Hesperetin is a citrus bioflavonoid known to inhibit TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Targeting epigenetic modifications that cause cancer is another class of upcoming therapeutics, as these changes are reversible. Global H3K27me3 levels have been found to be reduced in invasive prostate adenocarcinomas. Combining a demethylase inhibitor and a known anti-cancer phytochemical is a unique approach to targeting cancer to attain the aforementioned objectives. In the current study, we used an H3K27 demethylase (JMJD3/KDM6B) inhibitor to study its effects on TGFβ-induced EMT in prostate cancer cells. We then gave a combined hesperetin and GSK-J4 treatment to the PC-3 and LNCaP cells. There was a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and inhibition of TGFβ-induced migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells after GSK-J4 treatment. GSK-J4 not only induced trimethylation of H3K27 but also induced the trimethylation of H3K4. Surprisingly, there was a reduction in the H3K9me3 levels. GSK-J4 alone and a combination of hesperetin and GSK-J4 treatment effectively inhibit the important hallmarks of cancer, such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, by altering the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells.
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18
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VARISLI LOKMAN, TOLAN VEYSEL, CEN JIYANH, VLAHOPOULOS SPIROS, CEN OSMAN. Dissecting the effects of androgen deprivation therapy on cadherin switching in advanced prostate cancer: A molecular perspective. Oncol Res 2023; 30:137-155. [PMID: 37305018 PMCID: PMC10208071 DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.026074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most often diagnosed malignancies in males and its prevalence is rising in both developed and developing countries. Androgen deprivation therapy has been used as a standard treatment approach for advanced prostate cancer for more than 80 years. The primary aim of androgen deprivation therapy is to decrease circulatory androgen and block androgen signaling. Although a partly remediation is accomplished at the beginning of treatment, some cell populations become refractory to androgen deprivation therapy and continue to metastasize. Recent evidences suggest that androgen deprivation therapy may cause cadherin switching, from E-cadherin to N-cadherin, which is the hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Diverse direct and indirect mechanisms are involved in this switching and consequently, the cadherin pool changes from E-cadherin to N-cadherin in the epithelial cells. Since E-cadherin represses invasive and migrative behaviors of the tumor cells, the loss of E-cadherin disrupts epithelial tissue structure leading to the release of tumor cells into surrounding tissues and circulation. In this study, we review the androgen deprivation therapy-dependent cadherin switching in advanced prostate cancer with emphasis on its molecular basis especially the transcriptional factors regulated through TFG-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- LOKMAN VARISLI
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 21280, Turkey
- Cancer Research Center, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 21280, Turkey
| | - VEYSEL TOLAN
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 21280, Turkey
| | - JIYAN H. CEN
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - SPIROS VLAHOPOULOS
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - OSMAN CEN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, John Wood College, Quincy, IL, 62305, USA
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19
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Owen JS, Clayton A, Pearson HB. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Heterogeneity, Activation and Function: Implications for Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 13:67. [PMID: 36671452 PMCID: PMC9856041 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) during prostate tumorigenesis is emerging as a critical event that facilitates cancer growth, progression and drug-resistance. Recent advances have identified extensive communication networks that enable tumor-stroma cross-talk, and emphasized the functional importance of diverse, heterogeneous stromal fibroblast populations during malignant growth. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a vital component of the TME, which mediate key oncogenic events including angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance, thus presenting an attractive therapeutic target. Nevertheless, how fibroblast heterogeneity, recruitment, cell-of-origin and differential functions contribute to prostate cancer remains to be fully delineated. Developing our molecular understanding of these processes is fundamental to developing new therapies and biomarkers that can ultimately improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we explore the current challenges surrounding fibroblast identification, discuss new mechanistic insights into fibroblast functions during normal prostate tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis, and illustrate the diverse nature of fibroblast recruitment and CAF generation. We also highlight the promise of CAF-targeted therapies for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine S. Owen
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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20
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Mašić S, Bacalja J, Vučić M, Čupić H, Tomas D, Ulamec M, Spajić B, Skenderi F, Krušlin B. CORRELATION OF EXPRESSION OF TGF- β AND MMP2 BETWEEN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA AND ADJACENT UNAFFECTED PARENCHYMA. Acta Clin Croat 2022; 61:9-14. [PMID: 36938549 PMCID: PMC10022412 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2022.61.s3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In prostate adenocarcinoma, both tumorous stroma and epithelium have important role in tumor progression. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β) is a promotor in advanced stages of prostate cancer. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), the endopeptidase that degrades extracellular matrix is considered to be overexpressed in prostatic carcinoma related to its growth and aggressiveness. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the expression of proteins TGF- β and MMP2 between both epithelium and stroma of prostatic adenocarcinoma and adjacent unaffected parenchyma. The intensity of TGF- β and MMP2 expression in epithelium, tumorous stroma and adjacent unaffected parenchyma was analyzed in 62 specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma by microarray-based immunohistochemistry. TGF- β was more expressed in tumorous than in prostate stroma (p =0.000), while no statistical significance in case of MMP2 (p = 0.097) was found. MMP2 was more expressed in tumorous than in prostate epithelium (p =0.000), while no statistical significance in case of TGF- β (p = 0.096) was observed. The study results indicate that both tumorous stroma and epithelium have a role in tumor progression and support potential role of TGF- β and MMP2 in prostatic adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Mašić
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Bacalja
- Department of Pathology, Centrallasarettet Växjö, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Majda Vučić
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Čupić
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Tomas
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Spajić
- Clinical Department of Urology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Faruk Skenderi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Božo Krušlin
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Tong Y, Cao Y, Jin T, Huang Z, He Q, Mao M. Role of Interleukin-1 family in bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951167. [PMID: 36237303 PMCID: PMC9552844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most fatal diseases in male patients with high bone metastatic potential. Bone metastasis severely shortens overall survival and brings skeletal-related events (SREs) which reduces the life quality of patients, and this situation is currently regarded as irreversible and incurable. The progression and metastasis of PCa are found to be closely associated with inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. As pivotal members of inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family plays a crucial role in this process. Elevated expression of IL-1 family was detected in PCa patients with bone metastasis, and accumulating evidences proved that IL-1 family could exert vital effects on the progression and bone metastasis of many cancers, while some members have dual effects. In this review, we discuss the role of IL-1 family in the bone metastasis of PCa. Furthermore, we demonstrate that many members of IL-1 family could act as pivotal biomarkers to predict the clinical stage and prognosis of PCa patients. More importantly, we have elucidated the role of IL-1 family in the bone metastasis of PCa, which could provide potential targets for the treatment of PCa bone metastasis and probable directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Tong
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhe Jin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Organization Department, Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Mao,
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22
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Mejía-Hernández JO, Keam SP, Saleh R, Muntz F, Fox SB, Byrne D, Kogan A, Pang L, Huynh J, Litchfield C, Caramia F, Lozano G, He H, You JM, Sandhu S, Williams SG, Haupt Y, Haupt S. Modelling aggressive prostate cancers of young men in immune-competent mice, driven by isogenic Trp53 alterations and Pten loss. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:777. [PMID: 36075907 PMCID: PMC9465983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding prostate cancer onset and progression in order to rationally treat this disease has been critically limited by a dire lack of relevant pre-clinical animal models. We have generated a set of genetically engineered mice that mimic human prostate cancer, initiated from the gland epithelia. We chose driver gene mutations that are specifically relevant to cancers of young men, where aggressive disease poses accentuated survival risks. An outstanding advantage of our models are their intact repertoires of immune cells. These mice provide invaluable insight into the importance of immune responses in prostate cancer and offer scope for studying treatments, including immunotherapies. Our prostate cancer models strongly support the role of tumour suppressor p53 in functioning to critically restrain the emergence of cancer pathways that drive cell cycle progression; alter metabolism and vasculature to fuel tumour growth; and mediate epithelial to mesenchymal-transition, as vital to invasion. Importantly, we also discovered that the type of p53 alteration dictates the specific immune cell profiles most significantly disrupted, in a temporal manner, with ramifications for disease progression. These new orthotopic mouse models demonstrate that each of the isogenic hotspot p53 amino acid mutations studied (R172H and R245W, the mouse equivalents of human R175H and R248W respectively), drive unique cellular changes affecting pathways of proliferation and immunity. Our findings support the hypothesis that individual p53 mutations confer their own particular oncogenic gain of function in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Octavio Mejía-Hernández
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,Present Address: Telix Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3051 Australia
| | - Simon P. Keam
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1135.60000 0001 1512 2287Present Address: CSL Innovation, CSL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Reem Saleh
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Fenella Muntz
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - David Byrne
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Arielle Kogan
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Lokman Pang
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Cassandra Litchfield
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hua He
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - James M. You
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Scott G. Williams
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,Present Address: Vittail Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3146 Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Tumour Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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23
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Natani S, Sruthi KK, Asha SM, Khilar P, Lakshmi PSV, Ummanni R. Activation of TGF-β - SMAD2 signaling by IL-6 drives neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer through p38MAPK. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110240. [PMID: 34986386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive, androgen independent PCa and it is detected in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine elevated in PCa patients promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). In this study, PCa cells were differentiated with IL-6 in in-vitro to identify novel targets or signaling pathways associated with emergence of NEPC on deprivation of androgens. From the results, we observed an activation of TGF-β signaling pathway is altered through multiple proteins in differentiated LNCaP cells. Hence, we investigated the role of TGF-β axis in PCa cells differentiation. LNCaP cells treated with IL-6 in androgens deprived media release excess TGF-β ligand and this as conditioned media added to cells stimulated NED of PCa cells. TGF-β released by IL-6 stimulated cells activate p38MAPK through SMAD2 thereby promote NED. Inhibition of TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII signaling activation in LNCaP cells treated with IL-6 did not reversed the NED of cells, possibly due to the reason that the inhibition of TGF-β axis is further activating p38MAPK through SMAD independent manner in PCa cells. However, siRNA mediated knock down or inhibition p38MAPK inactivated TGF-β - SMAD axis in differentiating cells and attenuated NED of LNCaP cells. This result suggests that p38MAPK is the central node for receiving IL-6 signals and promotes NED of LNCaP cells in androgens free media. Remarkably, downregulation or inhibition of p38MAPK in NCI-H660 reversed NED characteristics as well as markers along with inactivation of SMAD2 whereas no effect observed in WPMY-1 normal prostate cells. Taken together these findings unveil that p38MAPK and its upstream regulators are potential targets to overcome the progression of NED of PCa and develop novel therapeutic measures along ADT for effective treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Natani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K K Sruthi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakkarai Mohamed Asha
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Khilar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pampana Sandhya Venkata Lakshmi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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24
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Sharma N, Raut PW, Baruah MM, Sharma A. Combination of quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PC-3 cell line via Wnt signaling pathway. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO747. [PMID: 34737887 PMCID: PMC8558868 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We have previously reported that quercetin (Qu) regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by modulating Wnt signaling components. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of Qu and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) and the role of Wnt signaling components in regulating EMT in PC-3 cells. Materials & methods: EMT was induced by treating PC-3 cells with TGF-β, followed by evaluation of expression of EMT markers and Wnt signaling proteins in naive, induced and after exposing induced cells to Qu and 2-ME at both gene and protein level by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Results: Qu and 2-ME synergistically downregulated mesenchymal markers with simultaneous upregulation of epithelial markers. Wnt signaling proteins expression was also downregulated by Qu and 2-ME in TGF-β-induced EMT in PC-3 cells. Conclusion: Thus, combination therapy of Qu and 2-ME could be a new promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. The current study describes the synergistic effect of quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol and the role of Wnt signaling components in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PC-3 cells. EMT was induced by treating PC-3 cells with TGF-β, followed by the evaluation of expression of EMT markers and Wnt signaling proteins in naive and induced states. Quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol could synergistically downregulate mesenchymal markers with simultaneous upregulation of epithelial markers along with the downregulation of Wnt signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Sharma
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University, Charholi Budruk, Pune, 412105, India
| | - Piyush W Raut
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Meghna M Baruah
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
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25
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Cherif C, Nguyen DT, Paris C, Le TK, Sefiane T, Carbuccia N, Finetti P, Chaffanet M, Kaoutari AE, Vernerey J, Fazli L, Gleave M, Manai M, Barthélémy P, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Taïeb D, Rocchi P. Menin inhibition suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer and enhances chemosensitivity. Oncogene 2021; 41:125-137. [PMID: 34711954 PMCID: PMC8724010 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disease progression and therapeutic resistance of prostate cancer (PC) are linked to multiple molecular events that promote survival and plasticity. We previously showed that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) acted as a driver of castration-resistant phenotype (CRPC) and developed an oligonucleotides antisense (ASO) against HSP27 with evidence of anti-cancer activity in men with CRPC. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor Menin (MEN1) is highly regulated by HSP27. Menin is overexpressed in high-grade PC and CRPC. High MEN1 mRNA expression is associated with decreased biochemical relapse-free and overall survival. Silencing Menin with ASO technology inhibits CRPC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and restores chemotherapeutic sensitivity. ChIP-seq analysis revealed differential DNA binding sites of Menin in various prostatic cells, suggesting a switch from tumor suppressor to oncogenic functions in CRPC. These data support the evaluation of ASO against Menin for CRPC. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaïma Cherif
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science University of Tunis, 2092, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dang Tan Nguyen
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Clément Paris
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thi Khanh Le
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thibaud Sefiane
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Vernerey
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohamed Manai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science University of Tunis, 2092, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, University of Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Taïeb
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France.,Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Department, La Timone University Hospital, European Center for Research in Medical Imaging, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd. Leï Roure, F-13009 Marseille, France.
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26
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Hu W, Xia M, Zhang C, Song B, Xia Z, Guo C, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhang S, Xu D, Fang J. Chronic cadmium exposure induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells through a TGF-β-independent, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:107-117. [PMID: 34687772 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and thus malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145) were exposed to a non-toxic level (0.5 or 2 μM) of Cd for up to 3 months, which resulted in significantly promoted migration and invasion of the cells. These phenotypic changes were considered to be the consequence of enhanced EMT as evidenced by diminished expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Regarding the mechanisms of Cd-induced EMT, we found Smad3 was activated but without upregulation of TGF-β. Alternatively, we found endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of prostate cancer cells was significantly evoked, which was parallel with the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Removal of ROS by N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced ER stress in prostate cancer cells, followed by the decrease of Smad3 phosphorylation and expression of nuclear Snail, resulting in the inhibition of EMT and malignant phenotypic changes of prostate cancer cells. These findings indicated a new TGF-β independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Accordingly, ROS-induced ERs may become a novel preventive and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mizhen Xia
- Life Science College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Bingdong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhengmei Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men in the United States. While the use of prostate-specific antigen has improved the ability to screen and ultimately diagnose PCa, there still remain false positives due to noncancerous conditions in the prostate gland itself and other prognostic biomarkers for PCa are needed. Contents within extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers that can give valuable information about disease state, and have the additional benefit of being acquired through noninvasive liquid biopsies. Meaningful communication between cancer cells and the microenvironment are carried by EVs, which impact important cellular processes in prostate cancer such as metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rhea Rajvansh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Eastview High School, Apple Valley, MN 55124, USA
| | - Justin M Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Thompson-Elliott B, Johnson R, Khan SA. Alterations in TGFβ signaling during prostate cancer progression. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:318-328. [PMID: 34541030 PMCID: PMC8446771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During prostate cancer progression, TGF-β acts as both a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation in normal and early-stage prostate cancer cells, but during later stages of the disease the cancer cells develop resistance to inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. In these cells, TGF-β promotes cancer progression due to its effects on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion, and immune suppression. The intracellular mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to TGF-β effects on cell proliferation are largely unknown. In this review, we summarized the roles of several intracellular proteins including PTEN, Id1 and JunD, which may play a role in this transition. The role of Ski/SnoN proteins in inhibition of Smad2/3 signaling is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rarnice Johnson
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shafiq A Khan
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Shah A, Shah AA, K N, Lobo R. Mechanistic targets for BPH and prostate cancer-a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:261-270. [PMID: 32960781 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa). After that, many histology, biochemistry, epidemiology studies explained the association and associated risk factor for the same. From the various scientific evidence, it is proved that both diseases share some common transcription factors and signalling pathways. Still, BPH cannot be considered as the first step of PCa progression. To define, the relationship between both of the diseases, a well-defined large epidemiological study is needed. Along with androgen signalling, imbalanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microbial infection also crucial factors that significantly affect the pathogenesis of BPH. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. Androgen signalling is the driving force for the progress of PCa. In PCa androgen signalling is upregulated as compared to a healthy prostate. Some dominant Androgen-regulated genes and their functions have been discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aarti Abhishek Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandakumar K
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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30
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A cytokine in turmoil: Transforming growth factor beta in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111657. [PMID: 34243626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the debilitating health threats to mankind in view of its incurable nature. Many factors are complicit in the initiation, progression and establishment of cancers. Early detection of cancer is the only window of hope that allows for appreciable management and possible limited survival. However, understanding of cancer biology and knowledge of the key factors that interplay at multi-level in the initiation and progression of cancer may hold possible avenues for cancer treatment and management. In particular, dysregulation of growth factor signaling such as that of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its downstream mediators play key roles in various cancer subtypes. Expanded understanding of the context/cell type-dependent roles of TGF-β and its downstream signaling mediators in cancer may provide leads for cancer pharmacotherapy. Reliable information contained in original articles, reviews, mini-reviews and expert opinions on TGF-β, cancer and the specific roles of TGF-β signaling in various cancer subtypes were retrieved from major scientific data bases including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science core collections just to mention but a sample by using the following search terms: TGF-β in cancer, TGF-β and colorectal cancer, TGF-β and brain cancer, TGF-β in cancer initiation, TGF-β and cell proliferation, TGF-β and cell invasion, and TGF-β-based cancer therapy. Retrieved information and reports were carefully examined, contextualized and synchronized into a coherent scientific content to highlight the multiple roles of TGF-β signaling in normal and cancerous cells. From a conceptual standpoint, development of pharmacologically active agents that exert non-specific inhibitory effects on TGF-β signaling on various cell types will undoubtedly lead to a plethora of serious side effects in view of the multi-functionality and pleiotropic nature of TGF-β. Such non-specific targeting of TGF-β could derail any beneficial therapeutic intention associated with TGF-β-based therapy. However, development of pharmacologically active agents designed specifically to target TGF-β signaling in cancer cells may improve cancer pharmacotherapy. Similarly, specific targeting of downstream mediators of TGF-β such as TGF-β type 1 and II receptors (TβRI and TβRII), receptor-mediated Smads, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and importing proteins in cancer cells may be crucial for cancer pharmacotherapy.
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31
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Gao Y, Ha YS, Kwon TG, Cho YC, Lee S, Lee JN. Characterization of Kinase Expression Related to Increased Migration of PC-3M Cells Using Global Comparative Phosphoproteome Analysis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:543-553. [PMID: 32859632 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most commonly occurring cancer among men, worldwide. Although the mechanisms associated with the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been widely studied, the mechanism associated with more distant metastases from the bone remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize potential pathogenic kinases associated with highly metastatic PCa, that may regulate phosphorylation in extensively involved and diverse signaling pathways that are associated with the development of various cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mass spectrometry (MS)-based comparative phosphoproteome strategy was utilized to identify differentially expressed kinases between the highly aggressive PCa cell-lines PC-3 and PC-3M. RESULTS Among 2,968 phosphorylation sites in PCa cells, 151 differently expressed phosphoproteins were identified. Seven motifs: -SP-, -SxxE-, -PxS-, -PxSP-, -SxxK-, -SPxK-, and -SxxxxxP- were found to be highly expressed in PC-3M cells. Based on these motifs, the kinases p21-activated kinase (PAK)2, Ste20-like kinase (SLK), mammalian Ste20-like kinase (MST)4, mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MAP2K)2, and A-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (ARAF) were up-regulated in PC-3M cells. CONCLUSION PAK2, SLK, MST4, MAP2K2, and ARAF are kinases that are potentially associated with the progression of increased migration in PC-3M cells and may represent molecule regulators or drug targets for highly metastatic PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Shafran JS, Jafari N, Casey AN, Győrffy B, Denis GV. BRD4 regulates key transcription factors that drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:268-277. [PMID: 32690869 PMCID: PMC7855805 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapies for the hormone-dependent stages of prostate cancer have become so effective that new forms of chemoresistant tumors are emerging in clinical practice, and require new targeted therapies in the metastatic setting. Yet there are important gaps in our understanding of the relevant transcriptional networks driving this process. Progression from localized to metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) occurs as a result of accumulated resistance mechanisms that develop upon sustained androgen receptor (AR) suppression. Critical to this progression is the plastic nature by which prostate tumor cells transition from epithelial to mesenchymal states (EMT). METHODS Here, using prostate cancer cell lines with different AR composition, we systematically manipulated somatic proteins of the Bromodomain and ExtraTerminal (BET) family (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) to determine which BET proteins influence EMT. We used the TCGA repository to correlate the expression of individual BET genes with key EMT genes and determined biochemical recurrence in 414 patients and progression free survival in 488 patients. RESULTS We found that only BRD4-and not BRD2 or BRD3-regulates the expression of SNAI1 and SNAI2, and that the downregulation of these EMT transcription factors significantly increases E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, of the BET genes, only BRD4 correlates with survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients. Moreover, selective degradation of BRD4 protein with MZ1 ablates EMT (transcriptionally and morphologically) induced by TGFß signaling. CONCLUSIONS Many relapsed/refractory tumors share a neuroendocrine transcriptional signature that had been relatively rare until highly successful antiandrogen drugs like abiraterone and enzalutamide came into widespread use. New therapeutic targets must therefore be developed. Our results identify key EMT genes regulated by BRD4, and offers a novel druggable target to treat mCRPC. BRD4-selective protein degraders offer a promising next generation approach to treat the emerging forms of chemoresistance in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Shafran
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Naser Jafari
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Allison N Casey
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gerald V Denis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Altschuler J, Stockert JA, Kyprianou N. Non-Coding RNAs Set a New Phenotypic Frontier in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042100. [PMID: 33672595 PMCID: PMC7924036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) mortality remains a significant public health problem, as advanced disease has poor survivability due to the development of resistance in response to both standard and novel therapeutic interventions. Therapeutic resistance is a multifaceted problem involving the interplay of a number of biological mechanisms including genetic, signaling, and phenotypic alterations, compounded by the contributions of a tumor microenvironment that supports tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. The androgen receptor (AR) is a primary regulator of prostate cell growth, response and maintenance, and the target of most standard PCa therapies designed to inhibit AR from interacting with androgens, its native ligands. As such, AR remains the main driver of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in combination with microtubule-targeting taxane chemotherapy, offers survival benefits in patients with mCRPC, therapeutic resistance invariably develops, leading to lethal disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance is critical to improving therapeutic outcomes and also to the development of biomarker signatures of predictive value. The interconversions between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) navigate the prostate tumor therapeutic response, and provide a novel targeting platform in overcoming therapeutic resistance. Both microRNA (miRNA)- and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanisms have been associated with epigenetic changes in prostate cancer. This review discusses the current evidence-based knowledge of the role of the phenotypic transitions and novel molecular determinants (non-coding RNAs) as contributors to the emergence of therapeutic resistance and metastasis and their integrated predictive value in prostate cancer progression to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Altschuler
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Jennifer A. Stockert
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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Samuel RM, Majd H, Richter MN, Ghazizadeh Z, Zekavat SM, Navickas A, Ramirez JT, Asgharian H, Simoneau CR, Bonser LR, Koh KD, Garcia-Knight M, Tassetto M, Sunshine S, Farahvashi S, Kalantari A, Liu W, Andino R, Zhao H, Natarajan P, Erle DJ, Ott M, Goodarzi H, Fattahi F. Androgen Signaling Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Levels and Is Associated with Severe COVID-19 Symptoms in Men. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:876-889.e12. [PMID: 33232663 PMCID: PMC7670929 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a global health crisis, and yet our understanding of the disease and potential treatment options remains limited. The infection occurs through binding of the virus with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell membrane. Here, we established a screening strategy to identify drugs that reduce ACE2 levels in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiac cells and lung organoids. Target analysis of hit compounds revealed androgen signaling as a key modulator of ACE2 levels. Treatment with antiandrogenic drugs reduced ACE2 expression and protected hESC-derived lung organoids against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, clinical data on COVID-19 patients demonstrated that prostate diseases, which are linked to elevated androgen, are significant risk factors and that genetic variants that increase androgen levels are associated with higher disease severity. These findings offer insights on the mechanism of disproportionate disease susceptibility in men and identify antiandrogenic drugs as candidate therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Samuel
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Homa Majd
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mikayla N Richter
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albertas Navickas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan T Ramirez
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hosseinali Asgharian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Luke R Bonser
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyung Duk Koh
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia-Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michel Tassetto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sara Sunshine
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sina Farahvashi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Program of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Program of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Meenu M, Verma VK, Seth A, Sahoo RK, Gupta P, Arya DS. Association of Monoamine Oxidase A with Tumor Burden and Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2020; 93:100610. [PMID: 33245296 PMCID: PMC7674122 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic burden and aggressive behavior determine severity stratification and guide treatment decisions in prostate cancer (PCa). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) may promote tumor burden and drug/castration resistance in PCa. A positive association will pave the way for MAOA inhibitors such as moclobemide for PCa therapy. OBJECTIVE To analyze MAOA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells qualitatively and p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, and their phosphorylated forms, vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis), transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (cytokines), Bcl-2 associated X, B-cell lymphoma 2, and P53 (apoptosis), prostate-specific membrane antigen, and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (surface markers) in plasma of patients with PCa. METHODS This was a 1-year pilot study in which patients with PCa were recruited and stratified into 2 groups and subgroups: treatment-naive with (M1) (n = 23) or without (M0) (n = 23) bone metastasis; hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (n = 26) or hormone/castration-resistant prostate cancer (n = 26). MAOA was detected using ELISA and other proteins were detected using immunoblotting technique. RESULTS MAOA was detected in 8.6% of M0 compared with 30.4% of M1 patients, and in 7.7% of hormone-sensitive compared with 27% of hormone/castration resistant PCa patients, associating it with bone metastasis and castration resistance. Multivariable regression analysis showed a correlation of MAOA with serum prostate-specific antigen, a marker for progression in PCa (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.30; P < 0.01). In patients with positive MAOA, there was overexpression of p38, phosphorylated-p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, Bcl-2 associated X, B-cell lymphoma 2, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in M1 compared with M0 group patients, associating these proteins with tumor burden. Overexpression of Bcl-2 associated X, tumor protein 53, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostate-specific membrane antigen and underexpression of B-cell lymphoma 2 and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B were observed in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer compared with hormone/castration-resistant prostate cancer, associating these proteins with castration resistance. CONCLUSIONS Association of key molecules of oncogenesis and metastasis with MAOA suggests that MAOA inhibitors such as moclobemide might be effective in the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Meenu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Powell IJ, Chinni SR, Reddy SS, Zaslavsky A, Gavande N. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines initiate multiple prostate cancer biologic pathways of cellular proliferation, heterogeneity and metastasis in a racially diverse population and underlie the genetic/biologic mechanism of racial disparity: Update. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:34-40. [PMID: 32900629 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokines genes drive prostate cancer progression and metastasis: molecular mechanism update and the science that underlies racial disparity. comprehensive review article. Isaac J. Powell, S. Chinni, S.S. Reddy, Alexander Zaslavsky, Navnath Gavande Introduction: In 2013 we reported that with the use of bioinformatics and ingenuity pathway network analysis we were able to identify functional driver genes that were differentially expressed among a large population of African American men (AAM) and European American men (EAM). Pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were found to be more interactive and more expressed among AAM and have been found to be functional drivers of aggressive prostate cancer (CaP) and aggressiveness in other solid tumors. We examined these genes and biological pathways initiated by these cytokines in primary CaP tissue. Method We unravel the gene network and identified biologic pathways that impacted activation of the androgen receptor, mesenchymal epithelial transition (invasion) and chemokines associated with metastasis in the CaP tissue from 639 radical prostatectomy specimens. Results Biologic pathways identified by unraveling pro-inflammatory genes from our network, more expressed among AAM compared to EAM, were tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL1b, IL6, and IL8. IL6 and IL8 are downstream of TNF activity and are known activators of androgen receptor and through mediators promote CaP cell proliferation. TNF and IL1b mediate tumor cell invasiveness through the activation of MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) which down regulates E-Cadherin to initiate epithelial mesenchymal transition which allows cells to become invasive in the microenvironment. Ultimately our network analysis indicates that TNF and IL1b activate CXCR4 receptor on CaP cells, which facilitates metastatic progression reportedly by binding to CXCL12 on lipid rafts and tumor implantation in the bone marrow. Conclusion Our retrospective biologic mechanistic model reveals a set of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that drive CaP aggressiveness, tumor heterogeneity, progression and metastasis. A prospective multi-institutional study needs to be conducted for clinical validation as well consideration of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Powell
- Department of Urology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mi. USA.
| | | | - Sunil S Reddy
- Department of Urology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mi. USA
| | | | - Navnath Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. USA
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Towner RA, Zalles M, Saunders D, Smith N. Novel approaches to combat chemoresistance against glioblastomas. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:686-698. [PMID: 35582224 PMCID: PMC8992560 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is in part due to resistance to current standard-of-care treatments including chemotherapy [predominantly temozolomide (TMZ; Temodar)], radiation therapy and an anti-angiogenic therapy [an antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab; Avastin)], resulting in recurrent tumors. Several recurrent GBM tumors are commonly resistant to either TMZ, radiation or bevacizumab, which contributes to the low survival rate for GBM patients. This review will focus on novel targets and therapeutic approaches that are currently being considered to combat GBM chemoresistance. One of these therapeutic options is a small molecule called OKlahoma Nitrone 007 (OKN-007), which was discovered to inhibit the transforming growth factor β1 pathway, reduce TMZ-resistance and enhance TMZ-sensitivity. OKN-007 is currently an investigational new drug in clinical trials for both newly-diagnosed and recurrent GBM patients. Another novel target is ELTD1 (epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1; alternatively known as ADGRL4, Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4), which we used a monoclonal antibody against, where a therapy against it was found to inhibit Notch 1 in a pre-clinical GBM xenograft model. Notch 1 is known to be associated with chemoresistance in GBM. Other potential therapeutic targets to combat GBM chemoresistance include the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, nuclear factor-κB, the hepatocyte/scatter factor (c-MET), the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A. Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Cytokines and Chemokines as Mediators of Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124449. [PMID: 32585812 PMCID: PMC7352203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of prostate cancer metastasis remain severe, with huge impact on the mortality and overall quality of life of affected patients. Despite the convoluted interplay and cross talk between various cell types and secreted factors in the metastatic process, cytokine and chemokines, along with their receptors and signaling axis, constitute important factors that help drive the sequence of events that lead to metastasis of prostate cancer. These proteins are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, premetastatic niche creation, extravasation, re-establishment of tumor cells in secondary organs as well as the remodeling of the metastatic tumor microenvironment. This review presents an overview of the main cytokines/chemokines, including IL-6, CXCL12, TGFβ, CXCL8, VEGF, RANKL, CCL2, CX3CL1, IL-1, IL-7, CXCL1, and CXCL16, that exert modulatory roles in prostate cancer metastasis. We also provide extensive description of their aberrant expression patterns in both advanced disease states and metastatic sites, as well as their functional involvement in the various stages of the prostate cancer metastatic process.
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Li Y, Zhang B, Xiang L, Xia S, Kucuk O, Deng X, Boise LH, Dong JT. TGF-β causes Docetaxel resistance in Prostate Cancer via the induction of Bcl-2 by acetylated KLF5 and Protein Stabilization. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7656-7670. [PMID: 32685011 PMCID: PMC7359077 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. As a first line treatment for hormone-refractory prostate cancer, docetaxel (DTX) treatment leads to suboptimal effect since almost all patients eventually develop DTX resistance. In this study, we investigated whether and how TGF-β affects DTX resistance of prostate cancer. Methods: Cytotoxicity of DTX in DU 145 and PC-3 cells was measured by CCK-8 and Matrigel colony formation assays. Resistance to DTX in DU 145 cells was examined in a xenograft tumorigenesis model. A luciferase reporter system was used to determine transcriptional activities. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results: We found that KLF5 is indispensable in TGF-β-induced DTX resistance. Moreover, KLF5 acetylation at lysine 369 mediates DTX resistance in vitro and in vivo. We showed that the TGF-β/acetylated KLF5 signaling axis activates Bcl-2 expression transcriptionally. Furthermore, DTX-induced Bcl-2 degradation depends on a proteasome pathway, and TGF-β inhibits DTX-induced Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the TGF-β-acetylated KLF5-Bcl-2 signaling axis mediates DTX resistance in prostate cancer and blockade of this pathway could provide clinical insights into chemoresistance of prostate cancer.
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Ghazizadeh Z, Majd H, Richter M, Samuel R, Zekavat SM, Asgharian H, Farahvashi S, Kalantari A, Ramirez J, Zhao H, Natarajan P, Goodarzi H, Fattahi F. Androgen Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Levels and Is Associated with Severe COVID-19 Symptoms in Men. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.05.12.091082. [PMID: 32511360 PMCID: PMC7263488 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.12.091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has led to a global health crisis, and yet our understanding of the disease pathophysiology and potential treatment options remains limited. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs through binding and internalization of the viral spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell membrane. Lethal complications are caused by damage and failure of vital organs that express high levels of ACE2, including the lungs, the heart and the kidneys. Here, we established a high-throughput drug screening strategy to identify therapeutic candidates that reduce ACE2 levels in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived cardiac cells. Drug target analysis of validated hit compounds, including 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, revealed androgen signaling as a key modulator of ACE2 levels. Treatment with the 5 alpha reductase inhibitor dutasteride reduced ACE2 levels and internalization of recombinant spike receptor binding domain (Spike-RBD) in hESC-derived cardiac cells and human alveolar epithelial cells. Finally, clinical data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients demonstrated that abnormal androgen states are significantly associated with severe disease complications and cardiac injury as measured by blood troponin T levels. These findings provide important insights on the mechanism of increased disease susceptibility in male COVID-19 patients and identify androgen receptor inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
| | - Homa Majd
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Mikayla Richter
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Ryan Samuel
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Hosseinali Asgharian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Sina Farahvashi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Jonathan Ramirez
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
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41
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Singh AN, Sharma N. Quantitative SWATH-Based Proteomic Profiling for Identification of Mechanism-Driven Diagnostic Biomarkers Conferring in the Progression of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:493. [PMID: 32322560 PMCID: PMC7156536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Therefore, demand exists for the identification of potential biomarkers for patient stratification according to prognostic risks and the mechanisms involved in cancer development and progression to avoid over/under treatment of patients and prevent relapse. Quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry profiling and gene enrichment analysis of TGF-β induced-EMT in human Prostate androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) adenocarcinoma cell lines was performed to investigate proteomics involved in Prostate carcinogenesis and their effect onto the survival of PCa patients. Amongst 1,795 proteins, which were analyzed, 474 proteins were significantly deregulated. These proteins contributed to apoptosis, gluconeogenesis, transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing, cell cycle, and MAPK cascade and hence indicating the crucial roles of these proteins in PCa initiation and progression. We have identified a panel of six proteins viz., GOT1, HNRNPA2B1, MAPK1, PAK2, UBE2N, and YWHAB, which contribute to cancer development, and the transition of PCa from androgen dependent to independent stages. The prognostic values of identified proteins were evaluated using UALCAN, GEPIA, and HPA datasets. The results demonstrate the utility of SWATH-LC-MS/MS for understanding the proteomics involved in EMT transition of PCa and identification of clinically relevant proteomic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika N Singh
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University (ADYPU), Pune, India
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42
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Sharad S, Sztupinszki ZM, Chen Y, Kuo C, Ravindranath L, Szallasi Z, Petrovics G, Sreenath TL, Dobi A, Rosner IL, Srinivasan A, Srivastava S, Cullen J, Li H. Analysis of PMEPA1 Isoforms ( a and b) as Selective Inhibitors of Androgen and TGF-β Signaling Reveals Distinct Biological and Prognostic Features in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121995. [PMID: 31842254 PMCID: PMC6966662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of androgen/TGF-β signaling play important roles in prostate tumorigenesis. Prostate Transmembrane Protein Androgen Induced 1 (PMEPA1) inhibits androgen and TGF-β signaling via a negative feedback loop. The loss of PMEPA1 confers resistance to androgen signaling inhibitors and promotes bone metastasis. Conflicting reports on the expression and biological functions of PMEPA1 in prostate and other cancers propelled us to investigate isoform specific functions in prostate cancer (PCa). One hundred and twenty laser capture micro-dissection matched normal prostate and prostate tumor tissues were analyzed for correlations between quantitative expression of PMEPA1 isoforms and clinical outcomes with Q-RT-PCR, and further validated with a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-Seq dataset of 499 PCa. Cell proliferation was assessed with cell counting, plating efficiency and soft agar assay in androgen responsive LNCaP and TGF-β responsive PC3 cells. TGF-β signaling was measured by SMAD dual-luciferase reporter assay. Higher PMEPA1-a mRNA levels indicated biochemical recurrence (p = 0.0183) and lower PMEPA1-b expression associated with metastasis (p = 0.0173). Further, lower PMEPA1-b and a higher ratio of PMEPA1-a vs. -b were correlated to higher Gleason scores and lower progression free survival rate (p < 0.01). TGF-β-responsive PMEPA1-a promoted PCa cell growth, and androgen-responsive PMEPA1-b inhibited cancer cell proliferation. PMEPA1 isoforms -a and -b were shown to be promising candidate biomarkers indicating PCa aggressiveness including earlier biochemical relapse and lower disease specific life expectancy via interrupting androgen/TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Sharad
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-240-694-4931 (S.S.); +1-240-694-4944 (H.L.)
| | | | - Yongmei Chen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Claire Kuo
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Z.M.S.); (Z.S.)
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- SE-NAP Brain Metastasis Research group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Taduru L. Sreenath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Inger L. Rosner
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Department of Urology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alagarsamy Srinivasan
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.C.); (C.K.); (L.R.); (G.P.); (T.L.S.); (A.D.); (I.L.R.); (A.S.); (J.C.)
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Dr, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-240-694-4931 (S.S.); +1-240-694-4944 (H.L.)
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43
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Isali I, Al-Sadawi MAA, Qureshi A, Khalifa AO, Agrawal MK, Shukla S. Growth factors involve in cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration during prostate cancer metastasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 2:1-13. [PMID: 32259163 PMCID: PMC7133721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors play active role in cells proliferation, embryonic development regulation and cellular differentiation. Altered level growth factors promote malignant transformation of normal cells. There has been significant progress made in form of drugs, inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies against altered growth factor to treat the malignant form of cancer. Moreover, these altered growth factors in prostate cancer increases steroidal hormone levels, which promotes progression. Though this review we are highlighting the majorly involved growth factors in prostate carcinogenesis, this will enable to better design the therapeutic strategies to inhibit prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Arshna Qureshi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ahmad O. Khalifa
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Urology, Menofia University, Shebin Al kom, Egypt
| | | | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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44
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Nath D, Li X, Mondragon C, Post D, Chen M, White JR, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Caza T, Kuznetsov VA, Hehnly H, Jamaspishvili T, Berman DM, Zhang F, Kung SHY, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Bratslavsky G, Pandolfi PP, Kotula L. Abi1 loss drives prostate tumorigenesis through activation of EMT and non-canonical WNT signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:120. [PMID: 31530281 PMCID: PMC6749699 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer development involves various mechanisms, which are poorly understood but pointing to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) as the key mechanism in progression to metastatic disease. ABI1, a member of WAVE complex and actin cytoskeleton regulator and adaptor protein, acts as tumor suppressor in prostate cancer but the role of ABI1 in EMT is not clear. Methods To investigate the molecular mechanism by which loss of ABI1 contributes to tumor progression, we disrupted the ABI1 gene in the benign prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cell line and determined its phenotype. Levels of ABI1 expression in prostate organoid tumor cell lines was evaluated by Western blotting and RNA sequencing. ABI1 expression and its association with prostate tumor grade was evaluated in a TMA cohort of 505 patients and metastatic cell lines. Results Low ABI1 expression is associated with biochemical recurrence, metastasis and death (p = 0.038). Moreover, ABI1 expression was significantly decreased in Gleason pattern 5 vs. pattern 4 (p = 0.0025) and 3 (p = 0.0012), indicating an association between low ABI1 expression and highly invasive prostate tumors. Disruption of ABI1 gene in RWPE-1 cell line resulted in gain of an invasive phenotype, which was characterized by a loss of cell-cell adhesion markers and increased migratory ability of RWPE-1 spheroids. Through RNA sequencing and protein expression analysis, we discovered that ABI1 loss leads to activation of non-canonical WNT signaling and EMT pathways, which are rescued by re-expression of ABI1. Furthermore, an increase in STAT3 phosphorylation upon ABI1 inactivation and the evidence of a high-affinity interaction between the FYN SH2 domain and ABI1 pY421 support a model in which ABI1 acts as a gatekeeper of non-canonical WNT-EMT pathway activation downstream of the FZD2 receptor. Conclusions ABI1 controls prostate tumor progression and epithelial plasticity through regulation of EMT-WNT pathway. Here we discovered that ABI1 inhibits EMT through suppressing FYN-STAT3 activation downstream from non-canonical WNT signaling thus providing a novel mechanism of prostate tumor suppression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disharee Nath
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Claudia Mondragon
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Dawn Post
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Julie R White
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anita Hryniewicz-Jankowska
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tiffany Caza
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Vladimir A Kuznetsov
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Bioinformatics Institute, A-STAR, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Tamara Jamaspishvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, 10 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, 10 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Afdal A, Darwin E, Yanwirasti Y, Hamid R. The Expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 and Interleukin-6 on Human Prostate: Prostate Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1905-1910. [PMID: 31406527 PMCID: PMC6684422 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer are two of the most common pathological condition of the prostate to be found on male. Both of these diseases share common pathogenesis involving inflammation of prostatic tissues. Chronic inflammation will induce the release of cytokines, followed by cells injury and tissues damage. One of the cytokines that play a role in prostate pathology is IL-6. The inflammation will also induce the releases of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGFβ-1. AIM This study aims to analyse the expression of IL-6 and TGFβ-1, in prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is an observational study, using paraffin-embedded tissue samples of prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Samples were obtained from the laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the cytokine expression, and a semiqunatitaves measurement according to Immunoreactive score (IRS) was performed for evaluation. For the TGFβ-1, the stromal expression was also analysed by measurement of the stromal stained area. The correlation of cytokine expression to Gleason index score was also analysed in prostate cancer. RESULTS The result showed that this study found that TGFβ-1 was detected both in the stromal component as well as epithelial. With the stromal being the dominant site of expression. The stromal TGFβ-1 expression was of significantly higher in prostate hyperplasia compares to prostate cancer (p < 0.05), while the epithelial expression of TGFβ-1 was not found to be significantly different. IL-6 was mostly expressed intracytoplasmic in epithelia. The IL-6 expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer compared to hyperplasia. However, there was no significant correlation to found between IL-6 expression to the Gleason Score among prostate cancers. CONCLUSION This study concluded that there were differences in expression of both TGFβ-1 and IL-6 between prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afdal Afdal
- Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Eryati Darwin
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | | | - Rizal Hamid
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Li CW, Chen BS. Investigating HIV-Human Interaction Networks to Unravel Pathogenic Mechanism for Drug Discovery: A Systems Biology Approach. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:77-95. [PMID: 29468972 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180219155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two big issues in the study of pathogens are determining how pathogens infect hosts and how the host defends itself against infection. Therefore, investigating host-pathogen interactions is important for understanding pathogenicity and host defensive mechanisms and treating infections. METHODS In this study, we used omics data, including time-course data from high-throughput sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and human microRNA (miRNA) and protein-protein interaction to construct an interspecies protein-protein and miRNA interaction (PPMI) network of human CD4+ T cells during HIV-1 infection through system modeling and identification. RESULTS By applying a functional annotation tool to the identified PPMI network at each stage of HIV infection, we found that repressions of three miRNAs, miR-140-5p, miR-320a, and miR-941, are involved in the development of autoimmune disorders, tumor proliferation, and the pathogenesis of T cells at the reverse transcription stage. Repressions of miR-331-3p and miR-320a are involved in HIV-1 replication, replicative spread, anti-apoptosis, cell proliferation, and dysregulation of cell cycle control at the integration/replication stage. Repression of miR-341-5p is involved in carcinogenesis at the late stage of HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSION By investigating the common core proteins and changes in specific proteins in the PPMI network between the stages of HIV-1 infection, we obtained pathogenic insights into the functional core modules and identified potential drug combinations for treating patients with HIV-1 infection, including thalidomide, oxaprozin, and metformin, at the reverse transcription stage; quercetin, nifedipine, and fenbendazole, at the integration/replication stage; and staurosporine, quercetin, prednisolone, and flufenamic acid, at the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ayub SG. Role of miR-2909 in Prostate Carcinogenesis. Prostate Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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48
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Abedini Bakhshmand E, Mohammad Soltani B, Fasihi A, Mowla SJ. Hsa-miR-5582-3P regulatory effect on TGFβ signaling through targeting of TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 transcripts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9921-9930. [PMID: 30129155 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway which is regulated by factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) has pivotal roles in various cellular processes. Here, we intended to verify bioinformatics predicted regulatory effect of hsa-miR-5582-3P against TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway components. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated a negative correlation of expression between hsa-miR-5582-3P against TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 putative target genes in all of tested cell lines. Also, hsa-miR-5582-3P was significantly downregulated in glioma, breast, and ovarian tumor tissues compared with their normal pairs, detected by RT-qPCR. Then dual luciferase assay supported direct interaction between this miRNA and TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, 3' untranslated region sequences. Western blot analysis confirmed negative effect of hsa-miR-5582-3P overexpression on at least TGFβ-R1 expression. Consistently, hsa-miR-5582-3P overexpression brought about downregulation of TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 expression in HCT-116 cell line, followed by cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 phase, detected by flow cytometry. Altogether, our data suggest that hsa-miR-5582-3P reduces the TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway through downregulation of TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 transcripts. These data introduce hsa-miR-5582-3P as a potential tumor suppressors-miR and a therapy candidate to be tested in cancers in which TGFβ/SMAD is deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abedini Bakhshmand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fasihi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Odero-Marah V, Hawsawi O, Henderson V, Sweeney J. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1095:101-110. [PMID: 30229551 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Typically the normal epithelial cells are a single layer, held tightly by adherent proteins that prevent the mobilization of the cells from the monolayer sheet. During prostate cancer progression, the epithelial cells can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT, characterized by morphological changes in their phenotype from cuboidal to spindle-shaped. This is associated with biochemical changes in which epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin and occludins are down-regulated, which leads to loss of cell-cell adhesion, while mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and N-cadherin are up-regulated, thereby allowing the cells to migrate or metastasize to different organs. The EMT transition can be regulated directly and indirectly by multiple molecular mechanisms including growth factors and cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). This signaling subsequently induces expression of various transcription factors like Snail, Twist, Zeb1/2, that are also known as master regulators of EMT. Various markers associated with EMT have been reported in prostate cancer patient tissue as well as a possible association with health disparities. There has been consideration to therapeutically target EMT in prostate cancer patients by targeting the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Department of Biology, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Janae Sweeney
- Department of Biology, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cao Z, Livas T, Kyprianou N. Anoikis and EMT: Lethal "Liaisons" during Cancer Progression. Crit Rev Oncog 2017; 21:155-168. [PMID: 27915969 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2016016955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anoikis is a unique mode of apoptotic cell death that occurs consequentially to insufficient cell-matrix interactions. Resistance to anoikis is a critical contributor to tumor invasion and metastasis. The phenomenon is regulated by integrins, which upon engagement with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) form adhesion complexes and the actin cytoskeleton drives the formation of cell protrusions used to adhere to ECM, directing cell migration. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers stem cell properties and leads to acquisition of a migratory and invasive phenotype by causing adherens junction breakdown and circumventing anoikis in the tumor microenvironment. The investigation of drug discovery platforms for apoptosis-driven therapeutics identified several novel agents with antitumor action via reversing resistance to anoikis, inhibiting survival pathways and impacting the EMT landscape in human cancer. In this review, we discuss current evidence on the contribution of the anoikis phenomenon functionally linked to EMT to cancer metastasis and the therapeutic value of antitumor drugs that selectively reverse anoikis resistance and/or EMT to impair tumor progression toward the development/optimization of apoptosis-driven therapeutic targeting of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Molecular Biochemistry, Pathology, Toxicology & Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Theodore Livas
- Department of Urology, Molecular Biochemistry, Pathology, Toxicology & Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Molecular Biochemistry, Pathology, Toxicology & Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
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