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Liu M, Zheng J, Yu L, Shao S, Zhou W, Liu J. Engineering Nannochloropsis oceanica for concurrent production of canthaxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024:131525. [PMID: 39321939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica can synthesize the high-value ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin yet at an extremely low level. Introducing a β-carotenoid ketolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii into the chloroplast for expression, enabled N. oceanica to synthesize substantial amounts of canthaxanthin and grow better under high light. Compared to wild type, the engineered strain had higher levels of primary carotenoids and chlorophyll a as well, and synthesized more eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Further metabolic engineering by enhancing the flux to carotenoids or suppressing competing pathways allowed for a considerable increase of canthaxanthin, reaching 4.7 mg g-1 dry weight. A fed-batch culture strategy with nitrate and phosphate replenishment was developed for the co-production of canthaxanthin and EPA, which within a 10-day period reached 37.6 and 268.8 mg/L, respectively. This study sheds light on manipulating the industrially relevant alga for efficient co-production of high-value biochemicals from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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2
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Ouyang L, Wang J, Zhu H, Wu Y, Wei L. Integration of Epigenome and Lactylome Reveals the Regulation of Lipid Production in Nannochloropsis oceanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13785-13800. [PMID: 38842303 PMCID: PMC11191683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a kind of novel post-translational modification (PTM) that participates in gene expression and various metabolic processes. Nannochloropsis has a remarkable capacity for triacylglycerol (TAG) production under nitrogen stress. To elucidate the involvement of lactylation in lipid synthesis, we conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and mRNA-seq analyses to monitor lactylation modifications and transcriptome alterations in Nannochloropsis oceanica. In all, 2057 genes showed considerable variation between nitrogen deprivation (ND) and nitrogen repletion (NR) conditions. Moreover, a total of 5375 differential Kla peaks were identified, including 5331 gain peaks and 44 loss peaks under ND vs NR. The differential Kla peaks were primarily distributed in the promoter (≤1 kb) (71.07%), 5'UTR (22.64%), and exon (4.25%). Integrative analysis of ChIP-seq, transcriptome, and previous proteome and lactylome data elucidates the potential mechanism by which lactylation promotes lipid accumulation under ND. Lactylation facilitates autophagy and protein degradation, leading to the recycling of carbon into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby providing carbon precursors for lipid synthesis. Additionally, lactylation induces the redirection of carbon from membrane lipids to TAG by upregulating lipases and enhancing the TCA cycle and β-oxidation pathways. This research offers a new perspective for the investigation of lipid biosynthesis in Nannochloropsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Ouyang
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory
of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of
Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae
Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory
of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of
Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae
Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory
of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of
Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae
Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yikai Wu
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory
of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of
Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae
Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Li Wei
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory
of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of
Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Hainan
Observation and Research Station of Dongzhaigang Mangrove Wetland
Ecosystem, Haikou 571129, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory for Marine Microalgae
Ecological Carbon Sinks, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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Canini D, Ceschi E, Perozeni F. Toward the Exploitation of Sustainable Green Factory: Biotechnology Use of Nannochloropsis spp. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:292. [PMID: 38785776 PMCID: PMC11117969 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Securing food, energy, and raw materials for a growing population is one of the most significant challenges of our century. Algae play a central role as an alternative to plants. Wastewater and flue gas can secure nutrients and CO2 for carbon fixation. Unfortunately, algae domestication is necessary to enhance biomass production and reduce cultivation costs. Nannochloropsis spp. have increased in popularity among microalgae due to their ability to accumulate high amounts of lipids, including PUFAs. Recently, the interest in the use of Nannochloropsis spp. as a green bio-factory for producing high-value products increased proportionally to the advances of synthetic biology and genetic tools in these species. In this review, we summarized the state of the art of current nuclear genetic manipulation techniques and a few examples of their application. The industrial use of Nannochloropsis spp. has not been feasible yet, but genetic tools can finally lead to exploiting this full-of-potential microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federico Perozeni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.)
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Liang W, Wei L, Wang Q, You W, Poetsch A, Du X, Lv N, Xu J. Knocking Out Chloroplastic Aldolases/Rubisco Lysine Methyltransferase Enhances Biomass Accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica under High-Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3756. [PMID: 38612566 PMCID: PMC11012178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rubisco large-subunit methyltransferase (LSMT), a SET-domain protein lysine methyltransferase, catalyzes the formation of trimethyl-lysine in the large subunit of Rubisco or in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs). Rubisco and FBAs are both vital proteins involved in CO2 fixation in chloroplasts; however, the physiological effect of their trimethylation remains unknown. In Nannochloropsis oceanica, a homolog of LSMT (NoLSMT) is found. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that NoLSMT and other algae LSMTs are clustered in a basal position, suggesting that algal species are the origin of LSMT. As NoLSMT lacks the His-Ala/ProTrp triad, it is predicted to have FBAs as its substrate instead of Rubisco. The 18-20% reduced abundance of FBA methylation in NoLSMT-defective mutants further confirms this observation. Moreover, this gene (nolsmt) can be induced by low-CO2 conditions. Intriguingly, NoLSMT-knockout N. oceanica mutants exhibit a 9.7-13.8% increase in dry weight and enhanced growth, which is attributed to the alleviation of photoinhibition under high-light stress. This suggests that the elimination of FBA trimethylation facilitates carbon fixation under high-light stress conditions. These findings have implications in engineering carbon fixation to improve microalgae biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Liang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wuxin You
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chen J, Rashid A, Wang S, Liu X, Gao G. Metabolisms and multiple functions of laminaran in marine algae under global change: A critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121652. [PMID: 38171655 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Laminaran is a major storage of carbohydrate in marine algae. Its high content and potential functions draw increasing attention. However, our understanding of its metabolisms and functions is still fragmented. After reviewing, marine algae exhibit a spectacular capacity of laminaran accumulation especially in the diatom Odontella aurita (65 % DW). Marine particulate organic carbon (POC) also has high contents of laminaran (42 ± 21 % DW). Laminaran shows a diel variation trend in marine algae, the content of which increases in the day but decreases at night. Laminaran also significantly accumulates in the stationary phase of algal growth. Furthermore, the metabolic pathway of laminaran and the remolding carbon mechanism in response to marine nitrogen limitation are proposed and comprehensively discussed. Laminaran production in marine phytoplankton is predicted to increase in future warmer and CO2-enriched oceans. Laminaran has diverse biological functions, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, wound healing, and prebiotics. In addition, laminaran is also a major carbon storage compound in marine algae, suggesting its significant ecological function in marine carbon cycle. This study provides new insight into algal laminaran functions and its response mechanisms to environmental and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Wang M, Ye X, Bi H, Shen Z. Microalgae biofuels: illuminating the path to a sustainable future amidst challenges and opportunities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 38254224 PMCID: PMC10804497 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of microalgal biofuels is of significant importance in advancing the energy transition, alleviating food pressure, preserving the natural environment, and addressing climate change. Numerous countries and regions across the globe have conducted extensive research and strategic planning on microalgal bioenergy, investing significant funds and manpower into this field. However, the microalgae biofuel industry has faced a downturn due to the constraints of high costs. In the past decade, with the development of new strains, technologies, and equipment, the feasibility of large-scale production of microalgae biofuel should be re-evaluated. Here, we have gathered research results from the past decade regarding microalgae biofuel production, providing insights into the opportunities and challenges faced by this industry from the perspectives of microalgae selection, modification, and cultivation. In this review, we suggest that highly adaptable microalgae are the preferred choice for large-scale biofuel production, especially strains that can utilize high concentrations of inorganic carbon sources and possess stress resistance. The use of omics technologies and genetic editing has greatly enhanced lipid accumulation in microalgae. However, the associated risks have constrained the feasibility of large-scale outdoor cultivation. Therefore, the relatively controllable cultivation method of photobioreactors (PBRs) has made it the mainstream approach for microalgae biofuel production. Moreover, adjusting the performance and parameters of PBRs can also enhance lipid accumulation in microalgae. In the future, given the relentless escalation in demand for sustainable energy sources, microalgae biofuels should be deemed a pivotal constituent of national energy planning, particularly in the case of China. The advancement of synthetic biology helps reduce the risks associated with genetically modified (GM) microalgae and enhances the economic viability of their biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Hongwen Bi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhongbao Shen
- Grass and Science Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Guo L, Yang G. Pioneering DNA assembling techniques and their applications in eukaryotic microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108301. [PMID: 38101551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Assembling DNA fragments is a fundamental manipulation of cloning microalgal genes and carrying out microalgal synthetic biological studies. From the earliest DNA recombination to current trait and metabolic pathway engineering, we are always accompanied by homology-based DNA assembling. The improvement and modification of pioneering DNA assembling techniques and the combinational applications of the available assembling techniques have diversified and complicated the literature environment and aggravated our identification of the core and pioneering methodologies. Identifying the core assembling methodologies and using them appropriately and flourishing them even are important for researchers. A group of microalgae have been evolving as the models for both industrial applications and biological studies. DNA assembling requires researchers to know the methods available and their improvements and evolvements. In this review, we summarized the pioneering (core; leading) DNA assembling techniques developed previously, extended these techniques to their modifications, improvements and their combinations, and highlighted their applications in eukaryotic microalgae. We predicted that the gene(s) will be assembled into a functional cluster (e.g., those involving in a metabolic pathway, and stacked on normal microalgal chromosomes, their artificial episomes and looming artificial chromosomes. It should be particularly pointed out that the techniques mentioned in this review are classified according to the strategy used to assemble the final construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Institutes of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; MoE Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Zhang R, Zhu B, Sun C, Li Y, Yang G, Zhao Y, Pan K. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase as a target for regulating carbon flux distribution and antioxidant capacity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Commun Biol 2023; 6:750. [PMID: 37468748 PMCID: PMC10356853 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is a key enzyme for polysaccharide synthesis, and its role in plants and bacteria is well established; however, its functions in unicellular microalgae remain ill-defined. Here, we perform bioinformatics, subcellular localization as well as in vitro and in vivo analyses to elucidate the functions of two UGPs (UGP1 and UGP2) in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Despite differences in amino acid sequence, substrate specificity, and subcellular localization between UGP1 and UGP2, both enzymes can efficiently increase the production of chrysolaminarin (Chrl) or lipids by regulating carbon flux distribution without impairing growth and photosynthesis in transgenic strains. Productivity evaluation indicate that UGP1 play a bigger role in regulating Chrl and lipid production than UGP2. In addition, UGP1 enhance antioxidant capacity, whereas UGP2 is involved in sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) synthesis in P. tricornutum. Taken together, the present results suggest that ideal microalgal strains can be developed for the industrial production of Chrl or lipids and lay the foundation for the development of methods to improve oxidative stress tolerance in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Changze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kehou Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Villanova V, Roques JAC, Forghani B, Shaikh KM, Undeland I, Spetea C. Two-phase microalgae cultivation for RAS water remediation and high-value biomass production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186537. [PMID: 37377803 PMCID: PMC10292630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to provide solutions to innovative microalgae-based technology for wastewater remediation in a cold-water recirculating marine aquaculture system (RAS). This is based on the novel concept of integrated aquaculture systems in which fish nutrient-rich rearing water will be used for microalgae cultivation. The produced biomass can be used as fish feed, while the cleaned water can be reused, to create a highly eco-sustainable circular economy. Here, we tested three microalgae species Nannochloropis granulata (Ng), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt), and Chlorella sp (Csp) for their ability to remove nitrogen and phosphate from the RAS wastewater and simultaneously produce high-value biomass, i.e., containing amino acids (AA), carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A high yield and value of biomass were achieved for all species in a two-phase cultivation strategy: i) a first phase using a medium optimized for best growth (f/2 14x, control); ii) a second "stress" phase using the RAS wastewater to enhance the production of high-value metabolites. Ng and Pt performed best in terms of biomass yield (i.e., 5-6 g of dry weight, DW.L-1) and efficient cleaning of the RAS wastewater from nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., 100% removal). Csp produced about 3 g L-1 of DW and reduced efficiently only nitrate, and phosphate (i.e., about 76% and 100% removal, respectively). The biomass of all strains was rich in protein (30-40 % of DW) containing all the essential AA except Methionine. The biomass of all three species was also rich in PUFAs. Finally, all tested species are excellent sources of antioxidant carotenoids, including fucoxanthin (Pt), lutein (Ng and Csp) and β-carotene (Csp). All tested species in our novel two-phase cultivation strategy thus showed great potential to treat marine RAS wastewater and provide sustainable alternatives to animal and plant proteins with extra added values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jonathan Armand Charles Roques
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SWEMARC, The Swedish Mariculture Research Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bita Forghani
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kashif Mohd Shaikh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Life Sciences-Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Bakku RK, Yamamoto Y, Inaba Y, Hiranuma T, Gianino E, Amarianto L, Mahrous W, Suzuki H, Suzuki K. New insights into raceway cultivation of Euglena gracilis under long-term semi-continuous nitrogen starvation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7123. [PMID: 37130945 PMCID: PMC10154353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) when subjected to semicontinuous N-starvation (N-) for an extended period in open ponds. The results indicated that the growth rates of E. gracilis under the N- condition (11 ± 3.3 g m-2 d-1) were higher by 23% compared to the N-sufficient (N+, 8.9 ± 2.8 g m-2 d-1) condition. Furthermore, the paramylon content of E.gracilis was above 40% (w/w) of dry biomass in N- condition compared to N+ (7%) condition. Interestingly, E. gracilis exhibited similar cell numbers regardless of nitrogen concentrations after a certain time point. Additionally, it demonstrated relatively smaller cell size over time, and unaffected photosynthetic apparatus under N- condition. These findings suggest that there is a tradeoff between cell growth and photosynthesis in E. gracilis, as it adapts to semi-continuous N- conditions without a decrease in its growth rate and paramylon productivity. Notably, to the author's knowledge, this is the only study reporting high biomass and product accumulation by a wild-type E. gracilis strain under N- conditions. This newly identified long-term adaptation ability of E. gracilis may offer a promising direction for the algal industry to achieve high productivity without relying on genetically modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Bakku
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan.
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
| | - Yu Inaba
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
| | - Taro Hiranuma
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
| | - Enrico Gianino
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
| | - Lawi Amarianto
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
| | - Waleed Mahrous
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Algae Energy Technology Research Institute, 649-17 Nishiyama, Taki-cho, Taki-gun, Mie, 519-2171, Japan.
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan.
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co., Ltd., G-BASE Tamachi 2nd and 3rd Floor, 5-29-11, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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11
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Chin GJWL, Andrew AR, Abdul-Sani ER, Yong WTL, Misson M, Anton A. The effects of light intensity and nitrogen concentration to enhance lipid production in four tropical microalgae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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12
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Feng Y, Zhu Y, Bao Z, Wang B, Liu T, Wang H, Yu T, Yang Y, Yu L. Construction of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Overexpression Strain of Schizochytrium sp. H016 to Improve Docosahexaenoic Acid Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010017. [PMID: 36662190 PMCID: PMC9866257 DOI: 10.3390/md21010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that plays a critical physiological role in human health. Schizochytrium sp. is considered an excellent strain for DHA production, but the synthesis of DHA is limited by the availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In this study, the endogenous glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene was overexpressed in Schizochytrium sp. H016. Results demonstrated that G6PD overexpression increased the availability of NADPH, which ultimately altered the fatty acid profile, resulting in a 1.91-fold increase in DHA yield (8.81 g/L) and increased carbon flux by shifting it from carbohydrate and protein synthesis to lipid production. Thus, G6PD played a vital role in primary metabolism. In addition, G6PD significantly increased DHA content and lipid accumulation by 31.47% and 40.29%, respectively. The fed-batch fermentation experiment results showed that DHA production reached 17.01 g/L in the overexpressing G6PD strain. These results elucidated the beneficial effects of NADPH on the synthesis of PUFA in Schizochytrium sp. H016, which may be a potential target for metabolic engineering. Furthermore, this study provides a promising regulatory strategy for the large-scale production of DHA in Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhendong Bao
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for both Edible and Medicinal Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2-787-792-264
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13
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Ocaranza D, Balic I, Bruna T, Moreno I, Díaz O, Moreno AA, Caro N. A Modeled High-Density Fed-Batch Culture Improves Biomass Growth and β-Glucans Accumulation in Microchloropsis salina. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3229. [PMID: 36501269 PMCID: PMC9738629 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Algae and microalgae are used as a source of different biomolecules, such as lipids and carbohydrates. Among carbohydrates, polysaccharides, such as β-glucans, are important for their application as antioxidants, antisepsis, and immunomodulators. In the present work, the β-glucans production potential of Microchloropsis salina was assessed using two different culture conditions: a high-density batch and a modeled high-density fed-batch. From the biochemical parameters determined from these two cultures conditions, it was possible to establish that the modeled high-density fed-batch culture improves the biomass growth. It was possible to obtain a biomass productivity equal to 8.00 × 10-2 ± 2.00 × 10-3 g/(L × day), while the batch condition reached 5.13 × 10-2 ± 4.00 × 10-4 g/(L × day). The same phenomenon was observed when analyzing the β-glucans accumulation, reaching volumetric productivity equal to 5.96 × 10-3 ± 2.00 × 10-4 g of product/(L × day) against the 4.10 × 10-3 ± 2.00 × 10-4 g of product/(L × day) obtained in batch conditions. These data establish a baseline condition to optimize and significantly increase β-glucan productivity, as well as biomass, adding a new and productive source of this polymer, and integrating its use in potential applications in the human and animal nutraceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Ocaranza
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Iván Balic
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Área Prioritaria de Investigación (API3), Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5311157, Chile
| | - Tamara Bruna
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ignacio Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Oscar Díaz
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Área Prioritaria de Investigación (API3), Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5311157, Chile
| | - Adrián A. Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Nelson Caro
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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14
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Xin Y, Wang Q, Shen C, Hu C, Shi X, Lv N, Du X, Xu G, Xu J. Medium-chain triglyceride production in Nannochloropsis via a fatty acid chain length discriminating mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1658-1672. [PMID: 36040196 PMCID: PMC9614496 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their fatty acid (FA) chain length, triacylglycerols (TAGs) have distinct applications; thus, a feedstock with a genetically designed chain length is desirable to maximize process efficiency and product versatility. Here, ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo profiling of the large set of type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (NoDGAT2s) in the industrial oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica revealed two endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzymes that can assemble medium-chain FAs (MCFAs) with 8-12 carbons into TAGs. Specifically, NoDGAT2D serves as a generalist that assembles C8-C18 FAs into TAG, whereas NoDGAT2H is a specialist that incorporates only MCFAs into TAG. Based on such specialization, stacking of NoDGAT2D with MCFA- or diacylglycerol-supplying enzymes or regulators, including rationally engineering Cuphea palustris acyl carrier protein thioesterase, Cocos nucifera lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and Arabidopsis thaliana WRINKLED1, elevated the medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) share in total TAG 66-fold and MCT productivity 64.8-fold at the peak phase of oil production. Such functional specialization of NoDGAT2s in the chain length of substrates and products reveals a dimension of control in the cellular TAG profile, which can be exploited for producing designer oils in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xianzhe Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Sangela V, Kumar M, Choudhary S, Gour VS, Meena M, Vinayak V, Harish. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sodium bicarbonate on lipid production and fatty acid profile in Coelastrella terrestris. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Xu Y. Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Lipid Accumulation in the Microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11500-11509. [PMID: 36083864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oils are among the most important agricultural commodities and have wide applications in food/nutrition, biofuels, and oleochemicals. The oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica can produce large amounts of oils and the high-value ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, which represents a promising resource for oil production targeting biodiesel, nutraceutical, and aquaculture industries. In recent years, with the availability of omics databases and the development of genetic tools, N. oceanica has been extensively investigated as a model photosynthetic organism for studying lipid metabolism and as a green cellular factory to produce lipids for industrial applications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the lipid composition and biosynthetic pathways of N. oceanica and reviews the recent advances in metabolic engineering of lipid production in this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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17
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Chen L, Liu X, Li C, Li H, Chen W, Li D. Transcriptome analyses reveal the DHA enhancement mechanism in Schizochytrium limacinum LD11 mutant. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Mechanisms of Sodium-Acetate-Induced DHA Accumulation in a DHA-Producing Microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080508. [PMID: 36005511 PMCID: PMC9409966 DOI: 10.3390/md20080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is critical for the intelligence and visual development of infants. Crypthecodinium is the first microalga approved by the Food and Drug Administration for DHA production, but its relatively high intracellular starch content restricts fatty acid accumulation. In this study, different carbon sources, including glucose (G), sodium acetate (S) and mixed carbon (M), were used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular organic carbon distribution in Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. Results show that glucose favored cell growth and starch accumulation. Sodium acetate limited glucose utilization and starch accumulation but caused a significant increase in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation and the DHA percentage. Thus, the DHA content in the S group was highest among three groups and reached a maximum (10.65% of DW) at 96 h that was 2.92-fold and 2.24-fold of that in the G and M groups, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that rather than the expression of key genes in fatty acids biosynthesis, increased intracellular acetyl-CoA content appeared to be the key regulatory factor for TFA accumulation. Additionally, metabolome analysis showed that the accumulated DHA-rich metabolites of lipid biosynthesis might be the reason for the higher TFA content and DHA percentage of the S group. The present study provides valuable insights to guide further research in DHA production.
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19
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Duan J, Cui R, Huang Y, Ai X, Hao Y, Shi H, Huang A, Xie Z. Identification and characterization of four microalgae strains with potential application in the treatment of tail-water for shrimp cultivation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Yang YF, Li DW, Balamurugan S, Wang X, Yang WD, Li HY. Chrysolaminarin biosynthesis in the diatom is enhanced by overexpression of 1,6-β-transglycosylase. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Yang J, Li W, Xing C, Xing G, Guo Y, Yuan H. Ca 2+ participates in the regulation of microalgae triacylglycerol metabolism under heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112696. [PMID: 35016864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the largest CO2 fixer and O2 producer on the earth and occupy an increasingly important position in human life and production. Various environmental factors have a significant impact on the growth and metabolism of microalgae. As global warming intensifies, heat stress has become a crucial factor affecting the microalgae industry. However, till now, it has not been clear how microalgae sensed the temperature stress, transmitted stress signals and adjusted in intracellular metabolic pathways. In this study, the growth of microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides UTEX2341 was inhibited at 32 °C, but the single cell dry weight increased. The cell component analyses showed that both the carbohydrate and total protein content decreased significantly, while the lipid content increased by 158%. Meanwhile, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration increased continuously, with a maximum increase of 1.65 times. According to the transcriptome analyses, the up-regulation of Ca2+ influx channel protein mid1-complementing activity 1 (MCA1) gene and the down-regulation of efflux channel protein cation exchanger 1(CAX) and autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase 1 (ACA1) genes in cytoplasmic membrane jointly facilitated the increase of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. Coexpression network analysis indicated that the fluctuation of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm could activate the expression of transcription factors MYB3 and AP2-4 through calmodulin (CAM) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and then regulate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT) at the beginning of TAG synthesis and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)/phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) in the last step of TAG synthesis. Furthermore, the addition of Ca2+ specific chelator BAPTA-AM inhibited the expression of GPAT, which was consistent with the decrease in microalgae lipid content. The results proved that Ca2+ participated in the regulation of microalgae TAG synthesis under heat stress, which provided a new view for the understanding of the microalgae lipid accumulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guanlan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yinxue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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22
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Zhang P, Xin Y, He Y, Tang X, Shen C, Wang Q, Lv N, Li Y, Hu Q, Xu J. Exploring a blue-light-sensing transcription factor to double the peak productivity of oil in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1664. [PMID: 35351909 PMCID: PMC8964759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae can produce triacylglycerol (TAG) under stress, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that, in Nannochloropsis oceanica, a bZIP-family regulator NobZIP77 represses the transcription of a type-2 diacylgycerol acyltransferase encoding gene NoDGAT2B under nitrogen-repletion (N+), while nitrogen-depletion (N−) relieves such inhibition and activates NoDGAT2B expression and synthesis of TAG preferably from C16:1. Intriguingly, NobZIP77 is a sensor of blue light (BL), which reduces binding of NobZIP77 to the NoDGAT2B-promoter, unleashes NoDGAT2B and elevates TAG under N−. Under N+ and white light, NobZIP77 knockout fully preserves cell growth rate and nearly triples TAG productivity. Moreover, exposing the NobZIP77-knockout line to BL under N− can double the peak productivity of TAG. These results underscore the potential of coupling light quality to oil synthesis in feedstock or bioprocess development. Microalgae are promising feedstock for oil production. The authors report that a transcription factor NobZIP77 can regulate oil synthesis by sensing the blue light, and explore these findings to greatly enhance oil productivity via genetic and process engineering in Nannochloropsis oceanica.
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23
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Ghosh A, Samadhiya K, Kiran B. Multi-objective tailored optimization deciphering carbon partitioning and metabolomic tuning in response to elevated CO 2 levels, organic carbon and sparging period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112137. [PMID: 34592254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have garnered much contemplation as candidates to fix CO2 into valuable compounds. Although microalgae have been studied to produce various metabolites, they have not yet proved successful for commercialization. Since, handling such problems practically requires satisfying multiple parameters simultaneously, we put forth a multi-parameter optimization strategy to manipulate the carbon metabolism of Scenedesmus sp. to improve biomass production and enhance CO2 fixation to increase the production of fuel-related metabolites. The Box-Behnken design method was applied with CO2 concentration, CO2 sparging time and glucose concentration as independent variables; biomass and total fatty acid methyl ester (total FAME) content were analyzed as response variables. The strain is supplemented with both CO2 and glucose with an aim to enhance carbon flux and rechannel it towards carbon fixation. As per the results obtained in this study, Scenedesmus sp. could effectively exploit high CO2 concentration (15%) for longer duration under high concentration of glucose supplementation (9 g/L) producing a biomass of 635.24 ± 39.9 μg/mL with a high total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of 71.29 ± 4.2 μg/mg, significant acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme activity and a favorable fatty acid profile: 35.8% palmitic acid, 10.5% linoleic acid and 30.6% linolenic acid. The carbohydrate content was maximum at 10% CO2 sparged for the longest duration of 90 min under glucose concentration of 9 g/L. This study puts forth an optimal design that can provide evidence on comprehending the carbon assimilation mechanism to enhance production of biomass and biofuels and provide conditions to microalgal species to tolerate CO2 rich flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, India
| | - Kanchan Samadhiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, India
| | - Bala Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, India.
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24
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Halim R, Papachristou I, Chen GQ, Deng H, Frey W, Posten C, Silve A. The effect of cell disruption on the extraction of oil and protein from concentrated microalgae slurries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126597. [PMID: 34990860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel cell-disruption combinations (autolytic incubation and hypotonic osmotic shock combined with HPH or pH12) were used to investigate the fundamental mass transfer of lipids and proteins from Nannochloropsis slurries (140 mg biomass/g slurry). Since neutral lipids exist as cytosolic globules, their mass transfer was directly dependent on disintegration of cell walls. Complete recovery was obtained with complete physical disruption. HPH combinations exerted more physical disruption and led to higher yields than pH12. In contrast, proteins exist as both cytosolic water-soluble fractions and cell-wall/membrane structural fractions and have a complex extraction behaviour. Mass transfer of cytosolic proteins was dependent on cell-wall disintegration, while that of structural proteins was governed by cell-wall disintegration and severance of protein linkage from the wall/membrane. HPH combinations exerted only physical disruption and were limited to releasing soluble proteins. pH12 combinations hydrolysed chemical linkages in addition to exerting physical disruption, releasing both soluble and structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Halim
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Papachristou
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - George Q Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Huining Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Aude Silve
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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Roopashri AN, Makam R. A comprehensive study on enhancement of lipid yield from Tetradesmus obliquus MT188616.1. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Wang Y, Jia J, Chi Q, Li Y, Wang H, Gong Y, Liu G, Hu Z, Han D, Hu Q. Critical assessment of the filamentous green microalga Oedocladium carolinianum for astaxanthin and oil production. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Metabolic engineering of the oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis for enriching eicosapentaenoic acid in triacylglycerol by combined pulling and pushing strategies. Metab Eng 2021; 69:163-174. [PMID: 34864212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica has been considered as a promising photosynthetic cell factory for synthesizing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), yet the accumulation of EPA in triacylglycerol (TAG) is restricted to an extreme low level. Poor channeling of EPA to TAG was observed in N. oceanica under TAG induction conditions, likely due to the weak activity of endogenous diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) on EPA-CoA. Screening over thirty algal DGATs revealed potent enzymes acting on EPA-CoA. Whilst overexpressing endogenous DGATs had no or slight effect on EPA abundance in TAG, introducing selected DGATs with strong activity on EPA-CoA, particularly the Chlamydomonas-derived CrDGTT1, which resided at the outermost membrane of the chloroplast and provided a strong pulling power to divert EPA to TAG for storage and protection, led to drastic increases in EPA abundance in TAG and TAG-derived EPA level in N. oceanica. They were further promoted by additional overexpression of an elongase gene involved in EPA biosynthesis, reaching 5.9- and 12.3-fold greater than the control strain, respectively. Our results together demonstrate the concept of applying combined pulling and pushing strategies to enrich EPA in algal TAG and provide clues for the enrichment of other desired fatty acids in TAG as well.
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28
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Premaratne M, Liyanaarachchi VC, Nimarshana P, Ariyadasa TU, Malik A, Attalage RA. Co-production of fucoxanthin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and bioethanol from the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Fattore N, Bellan A, Pedroletti L, Vitulo N, Morosinotto T. Acclimation of photosynthesis and lipids biosynthesis to prolonged nitrogen and phosphorus limitation in Nannochloropsis gaditana. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Wu T, Yu L, Zhang Y, Liu J. Characterization of fatty acid desaturases reveals stress-induced synthesis of C18 unsaturated fatty acids enriched in triacylglycerol in the oleaginous alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:184. [PMID: 34535156 PMCID: PMC8447527 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis is capable of producing high levels of triacylglycerol rich in C18 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). FA desaturation degree is regulated by FA desaturases (FADs). Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown regarding what FADs are involved in FA desaturations and how these FADs collaborate to contribute to the high abundance of C18 UFAs in triacylglycerol in C. zofingiensis. RESULTS To address these issues, we firstly determined the transcription start sites of 11 putative membrane-bound FAD-coding genes (CzFADs) and updated their gene models. Functional validation of these CzFADs in yeast and cyanobacterial cells revealed that seven are bona fide FAD enzymes with distinct substrates. Combining the validated functions and predicted subcellular compartments of CzFADs and the FA profiles of C. zofingiensis, the FA desaturation pathways in this alga were reconstructed. Furthermore, a multifaceted lipidomic analysis by systematically integrating thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques was conducted, unraveling profiles of polar membrane lipids in C. zofingiensis and major desaturation steps occurring in these lipids. By correlating transcriptional patterns of CzFAD genes and changes of lipids upon abiotic stress conditions, our results highlighted collaboration of CzFADs for C18 UFA synthesis and supported that both de novo FA synthesis and membrane lipid remodeling contributed C18 UFAs to triacylglycerol for storage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study for the first time elucidated the pathways of C18 FA desaturations and comprehensive profiles of polar membrane lipids in C. zofingiensis and shed light on collaboration of CzFADs for the synthesis and enrichment of C18 UFAs in triacylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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31
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Shi Y, Liu M, Pan Y, Hu H, Liu J. Δ6 Fatty Acid Elongase is Involved in Eicosapentaenoic Acid Biosynthesis Via the ω6 Pathway in the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis oceanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9837-9848. [PMID: 34414763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oceanica represents a promising sunlight-driven alga for producing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17), a value-added very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA). Here, we unraveled the function and roles of a Δ6 fatty acid elongase (NoΔ6-FAE) in N. oceanica. Heterologous expression of NoΔ6-FAE in yeast confirmed its function in elongating C18 Δ6-PUFAs rather than others. Subcellular localization experiments suggested that NoΔ6-FAE resides in the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum. NoΔ6-FAE knockdown attenuated C20:3Δ8,11,14, C20:4Δ5,8,11,14, and EPA yet enhanced C18:3Δ6,9,12, leading to overall decreases in total fatty acids, triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acids, and polar membrane lipids. In contrast, NoΔ6-FAE overexpression in N. oceanica caused nearly opposite phenotypes. Moreover, N. oceanica lacked detectable C18:3Δ9,12,15, C18:4Δ6,9,12,15, and C20:4Δ8,11,14,17 even under NoΔ6-FAE knockdown or overexpression. Our results reveal the involvement of NoΔ6-FAE in EPA biosynthesis via the ω6 pathway in N. oceanica and highlight the potential of manipulating NoΔ6-FAE for improved lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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32
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Li Z, Yang ST, Zhou ZY, Peng SY, Zhang QH, Long HZ, Li HG. Enhancement of lipid production in Desmodesmus intermedius Z8 by ultrasonic stimulation coupled with nitrogen and phosphorus stress. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Jin H, Chuai W, Li K, Hou G, Wu M, Chen J, Wang H, Jia J, Han D, Hu Q. Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4138-4151. [PMID: 34264522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella has achieved commercial success, but the application of Chlorella biomass is still limited due to the high cost of biomass production. In this study, an effective and industrially scalable heterotrphic cultivation technology has been developed for a production strain Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1. Under the optimized culturing conditions, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 271 and 247 g L-1 was achieved in 7.5 L bench-scale and 1000 L pilot-scale fermenters, respectively. Technoeconomic (TE) analysis indicated that the production cost of C. sorokiniana GT-1 could be reduced to $1601.27 per ton of biomass if the biomass concentration reached 200 g L-1 , which is 24.2% lower than that of the reported highest Chlorella biomass production through fermentation with the same TE model. Under the same growth conditions, the maximum biomass concentration of a low-starch mutant SLM2 was reduced to 93 g L-1 , which was 54% lower than that of the wild type, indicating the capabilities of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells in accumulating large amounts of starch are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-cell-density under the heterotrophic conditions. In addition, the ultrahigh-cell-density growth potential of C. sorokiniana GT-1 cells was inferred to be related to the intrinsic biological characteristics including the tolerance to low dissolved oxygen and a moderate doubling time under the heterotrophic conditions as well. The breakthrough in cultivation technology is promising for Chlorella industry and would expand its applications in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Chuai
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Hou
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingcan Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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34
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Zhang L, Ye SC, Chen WB, Han JC, Tian JJ, Zhang YB, Xu JL, Cao JY, Qin C. Screening the rate-limiting genes in the ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Nannochloropsis oceanica. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Zanchetta E, Damergi E, Patel B, Borgmeyer T, Pick H, Pulgarin A, Ludwig C. Algal cellulose, production and potential use in plastics: Challenges and opportunities. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Liu C, Chen S, Wang S, Zhao X, Li K, Chen S, Qu GZ. A genome wide transcriptional study of Populus alba x P. tremula var. glandulosa in response to nitrogen deficiency stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1277-1293. [PMID: 34220043 PMCID: PMC8212198 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poplar 84 K (Populus alba x P. tremula var. glandulosa) is a good resource for genetic engineering due to its rapid growth and wide adaptability, and it is also an excellent ornamental tree species. In this study, we used 84 K plantlets grown in the nitrogen-limited medium as experimental materials to explore the molecular mechanism in 84 K leaves under nitrogen deficiency. A total of 5,868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the transcriptional information from RNA-seq data. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment results revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in energy metabolism and anthocyanin biosynthesis. We then identified differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) and constructed TF centered gene co-expression networks for chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes. Twenty potential regulators were finally identified. We speculated the transcription factors that control the pigmentation in leaves with the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) pigment regulatory model. Such identification will clarify the genetic basis of the secondary metabolism in 84 K, and being a source of candidate genes for future plant genetic engineering. Our work broadens the researchers' understanding of the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in trees and provides new perspectives for ornamental 84 K poplar breeding. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01012-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Sui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guan-zheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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37
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Zhang H, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhu M, Xu Q, Wu M, Han D, Hu Q. Trophic Transition Enhanced Biomass and Lipid Production of the Unicellular Green Alga Scenedesmus acuminatus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:638726. [PMID: 34095093 PMCID: PMC8176925 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.638726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal heterotrophic cultivation is an emerging technology that can enable producing high cell-density algal cell cultures, which can be coupled with photoautotrophic cultivation for valuable chemicals such as lipids manufacturing. However, how the heterotrophically grown algal cells respond to the lipid-inducing conditions has not been fully elucidated so far. In this study, when the heterotrophically grown Scenedesmus acuminatus cells were subjected to the high light (HL) and nitrogen-limited (NL) conditions, both the biomass and lipid productivity were enhanced as compared to that of the photoautotrophically grown counterparts. The chlorophyll a fluorometry analysis showed that the Fv/Fm and Y(II) of the heterotrophically grown cells subjected to the HL and NL conditions was recovered to the maximum value of 0.75 and 0.43, respectively, much higher than those of the photoautotrophically grown cells under the same stress conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that heterotrophically grown cells fully expressed the genes coding for the photosystems proteins, including the key photoprotective proteins D1, PsbS, light-harvesting-complex (LHC) I and LHC II. Meanwhile, downregulation of the carotenoid biosynthesis and upregulation of the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were observed when the heterotrophically grown cells were subjected to the HL and N-limited conditions for lipid production. It was deduced that regulation of these pathways not only enhanced the light utilization but also provided the reducing power and ATP by which the biomass accumulation was significantly elevated. Besides, upregulation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase/biotin carboxylase, digalactosyl diacylglycerol synthase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 encoding genes may be attributable to the enhanced lipid production. Understanding the cellular responses during the trophic transition process could guide improvement of the strength of trophic transition enhancing microalgal biomass and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mianmian Zhu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcan Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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38
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Zhang Y, Ye Y, Bai F, Liu J. The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:119. [PMID: 33992124 PMCID: PMC8126118 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The algal lipids-based biodiesel, albeit having advantages over plant oils, still remains high in the production cost. Co-production of value-added products with lipids has the potential to add benefits and is thus believed to be a promising strategy to improve the production economics of algal biodiesel. Chromochloris zofingiensis, a unicellular green alga, has been considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production because of its robust growth and ability of accumulating high levels of triacylglycerol under multiple trophic conditions. This alga is also able to synthesize high-value keto-carotenoids and has been cited as a candidate producer of astaxanthin, the strongest antioxidant found in nature. The concurrent accumulation of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin enables C. zofingiensis an ideal cell factory for integrated production of the two compounds and has potential to improve algae-based production economics. Furthermore, with the advent of chromosome-level whole genome sequence and genetic tools, C. zofingiensis becomes an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the production of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin by C. zofingiensis. We also update our understanding in the distinctive molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis, with an emphasis on triacylglycerol and astaxanthin biosynthesis and crosstalk between the two pathways. Furthermore, strategies for trait improvements are discussed regarding triacylglycerol and astaxanthin synthesis in C. zofingiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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39
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Wang Q, Gong Y, He Y, Xin Y, Lv N, Du X, Li Y, Jeong BR, Xu J. Genome engineering of Nannochloropsis with hundred-kilobase fragment deletions by Cas9 cleavages. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1148-1162. [PMID: 33719095 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial microalgae are promising photosynthetic cell factories, yet tools for large-scale targeted genome engineering are limited. Here for the model industrial oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, we established a method to precisely and serially delete large genome fragments of ~100 kb from its 30.01 Mb nuclear genome. We started by identifying the 'non-essential' chromosomal regions (i.e. low expression region or LER) based on minimal gene expression under N-replete and N-depleted conditions. The largest such LER (LER1) is ~98 kb in size, located near the telomere of the 502.09-kb-long Chromosome 30 (Chr 30). We deleted 81 kb and further distal and proximal deletions of up to 110 kb (21.9% of Chr 30) in LER1 by dual targeting the boundaries with the episome-based CRISPR/Cas9 system. The telomere-deletion mutants showed normal telomeres consisting of CCCTAA repeats, revealing telomere regeneration capability after losing the distal part of Chr 30. Interestingly, the deletions caused no significant alteration in growth, lipid production or photosynthesis (transcript-abundance change for < 3% genes under N depletion). We also achieved double-deletion of both LER1 and LER2 (from Chr 9) that total ~214 kb at maximum, which can result in slightly higher growth rate and biomass productivity than the wild-type. Therefore, loss of the large, yet 'non-essential' regions does not necessarily sacrifice important traits. Such serial targeted deletions of large genomic regions had not been previously reported in microalgae, and will accelerate crafting minimal genomes as chassis for photosynthetic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuehui He
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Byeong-Ryool Jeong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Guéguen N, Le Moigne D, Amato A, Salvaing J, Maréchal E. Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639276. [PMID: 33968100 PMCID: PMC8100218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Heterokonta or Stramenopile phylum comprises clades of unicellular photosynthetic species, which are promising for a broad range of biotechnological applications, based on their capacity to capture atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis and produce biomolecules of interest. These molecules include triacylglycerol (TAG) loaded inside specific cytosolic bodies, called the lipid droplets (LDs). Understanding TAG production and LD biogenesis and function in photosynthetic stramenopiles is therefore essential, and is mostly based on the study of a few emerging models, such as the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and eustigmatophytes, such as Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis species. The biogenesis of cytosolic LD usually occurs at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, stramenopile cells contain a complex plastid deriving from a secondary endosymbiosis, limited by four membranes, the outermost one being connected to the endomembrane system. Recent cell imaging and proteomic studies suggest that at least some cytosolic LDs might be associated to the surface of the complex plastid, via still uncharacterized contact sites. The carbon length and number of double bonds of the acyl groups contained in the TAG molecules depend on their origin. De novo synthesis produces long-chain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA), whereas subsequent maturation processes lead to very long-chain polyunsaturated FA (VLC-PUFA). TAG composition in SFA, MUFA, and VLC-PUFA reflects therefore the metabolic context that gave rise to the formation of the LD, either via an early partitioning of carbon following FA de novo synthesis and/or a recycling of FA from membrane lipids, e.g., plastid galactolipids or endomembrane phosphor- or betaine lipids. In this review, we address the relationship between cytosolic LDs and the complex membrane compartmentalization within stramenopile cells, the metabolic routes leading to TAG accumulation, and the physiological conditions that trigger LD production, in response to various environmental factors.
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Wang Q, Feng Y, Lu Y, Xin Y, Shen C, Wei L, Liu Y, Lv N, Du X, Zhu W, Jeong BR, Xue S, Xu J. Manipulating fatty-acid profile at unit chain-length resolution in the model industrial oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis. Metab Eng 2021; 66:157-166. [PMID: 33823272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The chain length (CL) of fatty acids (FAs) is pivotal to oil property, yet to what extent it can be customized in industrial oleaginous microalgae is unknown. In Nannochloropsis oceanica, to modulate long-chain FAs (LCFAs), we first discovered a fungi/bacteria-originated polyketide synthase (PKS) system which involves a cytoplasmic acyl-ACP thioesterase (NoTE1). NoTE1 hydrolyzes C16:0-, C16:1- and C18:1-ACP in vitro and thus intercepts the specific acyl-ACPs elongated by PKS for polyunsaturated FA biosynthesis, resulting in elevation of C16/C18 monounsaturated FAs when overproduced and increase of C20 when knocked out. For medium-chain FAs (MCFAs; C8-C14), C8:0 and C10:0 FAs are boosted by introducing a Cuphea palustris acyl-ACP TE (CpTE), whereas C12:0 elevated by rationally engineering CpTE enzyme's substrate-binding pocket to shift its CL preference towards C12:0. A mechanistic model exploiting both native and engineered PKS and type II FAS pathways was thus proposed for manipulation of carbon distribution among FAs of various CL. The ability to tailor FA profile at the unit CL resolution from C8 to C20 in Nannochloropsis spp. lays the foundation for scalable production of designer lipids via industrial oleaginous microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Feng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandu Lu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Byeong-Ryool Jeong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Song Xue
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Jin X, Gong S, Yang B, Wu J, Li T, Wu H, Wu H, Xiang W. Transcriptomic analysis for phosphorus limitation-induced β-glucans accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana SCSIO 46784 during the early phase of growth. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Optimization of high-throughput lipid screening of the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica using BODIPY 505/515. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yaakob MA, Mohamed RMSR, Al-Gheethi A, Aswathnarayana Gokare R, Ambati RR. Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Microalgal Growth, Biomass, Lipid, and Fatty Acid Production: An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020393. [PMID: 33673015 PMCID: PMC7918059 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can be used as a source of alternative food, animal feed, biofuel, fertilizer, cosmetics, nutraceuticals and for pharmaceutical purposes. The extraction of organic constituents from microalgae cultivated in the different nutrient compositions is influenced by microalgal growth rates, biomass yield and nutritional content in terms of lipid and fatty acid production. In this context, nutrient composition plays an important role in microalgae cultivation, and depletion and excessive sources of this nutrient might affect the quality of biomass. Investigation on the role of nitrogen and phosphorus, which are crucial for the growth of algae, has been addressed. However, there are challenges for enhancing nutrient utilization efficiently for large scale microalgae cultivation. Hence, this study aims to highlight the level of nitrogen and phosphorus required for microalgae cultivation and focuses on the benefits of nitrogen and phosphorus for increasing biomass productivity of microalgae for improved lipid and fatty acid quantities. Furthermore, the suitable extraction methods that can be used to utilize lipid and fatty acids from microalgae for biofuel have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizatul Azrina Yaakob
- Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (R.R.A); (R.M.S.R.M)
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Ravishankar Aswathnarayana Gokare
- C. D. Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India;
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi 522213, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (R.R.A); (R.M.S.R.M)
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Capability of carbon fixation in bicarbonate-based and carbon dioxide-based systems by Scenedesmus acuminatus TH04. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dong S, Liu YJ, Zhou H, Xiao Y, Xu J, Cui Q, Wang X, Feng Y. Structural insight into a GH1 β-glucosidase from the oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:196-206. [PMID: 33347927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are promising sources of novel glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which have great value in biotechnical and industrial applications. Although many GH1 family β-glucosidases have been extensively studied, studies on β-glucosidases from microalgae are rare, and no structure of algal GH1 β-glucosidase has been reported. Here, we report the biochemical and structural study of a GH1 β-glucosidase BGLN1 from Nannochloropsis oceanica, an oleaginous microalga. Phylogenetic analysis of BGLN1, together with the known structures of GH1 β-glucosidases, has indicated that BGLN1 is branched at the root of the eukaryotic part of the phylogenetic tree. BGLN1 showed higher activity against laminaribiose compared to cello-oligosaccharides. Unlike most of the other GH1 β-glucosidases, BGLN1 is partially inhibited by metal ions. The crystal structure of BGLN1 revealed that BGLN1 adopts a typical (α/β)8-barrel fold with variations in loops and N-terminal regions. BGLN1 contains extra residues at the N-terminus, which are essential for maintaining protein stability. BGLN1 has a more acidic substrate-binding pocket than other β-glucosidases, and the variations beyond the conserved -1 site determine the substrate specificity. These results indicate that GH enzymes from microalgae may have unique structural and functional features, which will provide new insight into carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism in marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Gong Y, Kang NK, Kim YU, Wang Z, Wei L, Xin Y, Shen C, Wang Q, You W, Lim JM, Jeong SW, Park YI, Oh HM, Pan K, Poliner E, Yang G, Li-Beisson Y, Li Y, Hu Q, Poetsch A, Farre EM, Chang YK, Jeong WJ, Jeong BR, Xu J. The NanDeSyn database for Nannochloropsis systems and synthetic biology. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1736-1745. [PMID: 33103271 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis species, unicellular industrial oleaginous microalgae, are model organisms for microalgal systems and synthetic biology. To facilitate community-based annotation and mining of the rapidly accumulating functional genomics resources, we have initiated an international consortium and present a comprehensive multi-omics resource database named Nannochloropsis Design and Synthesis (NanDeSyn; http://nandesyn.single-cell.cn). Via the Tripal toolkit, it features user-friendly interfaces hosting genomic resources with gene annotations and transcriptomic and proteomic data for six Nannochloropsis species, including two updated genomes of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 and Nannochloropsis salina CCMP1776. Toolboxes for search, Blast, synteny view, enrichment analysis, metabolic pathway analysis, a genome browser, etc. are also included. In addition, functional validation of genes is indicated based on phenotypes of mutants and relevant bibliography. Furthermore, epigenomic resources are also incorporated, especially for sequencing of small RNAs including microRNAs and circular RNAs. Such comprehensive and integrated landscapes of Nannochloropsis genomics and epigenomics will promote and accelerate community efforts in systems and synthetic biology of these industrially important microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Nam K Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Young U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Zengbin Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wuxin You
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kehou Pan
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory of Applied Microalgae, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Eric Poliner
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Guanpin Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
- Institutes of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Eva M Farre
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yong K Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Byeong-Ryool Jeong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Shi Y, Liu M, Ding W, Liu J. Novel Insights into Phosphorus Deprivation Boosted Lipid Synthesis in the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis oceanica without Compromising Biomass Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11488-11502. [PMID: 32955875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oceanica represents a preferred oleaginous alga for producing lipids. Here we found that phosphorus deprivation (PD) caused a severe decrease in protein and a considerable increase in lipids including triacylglycerol (TAG), yet it had little effect on the carbohydrate level and biomass production of N. oceanica. The combinatorial analysis by integrating physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic data unraveled the molecular mechanisms underlying PD-induced lipid accumulation. Albeit attenuating the Calvin-Benson cycle, PD stimulated the C4-like pathway to maintain CO2 fixation for biomass production. PD attenuated nitrogen utilization and enhanced protein catabolism thus leading to protein decrease, from which the carbon was likely salvaged into the stimulated tricarboxylic acid cycle for supplying lipid synthesis with carbon precursors. The impairment of TAG catabolism by downregulating certain lipases rather than the stimulation of TAG assembly pathways contributed to PD-boosted TAG increase. These findings provide novel insights into PD-induced lipogenesis without compromising biomass production by N. oceanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Growth, total lipid, and omega-3 fatty acid production by Nannochloropsis spp. cultivated with raw plant substrate. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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