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Weger HG, Polasek AK, Wright DM, Damodaran A, Stavrinides J. Grazing preferences of three species of amoebae on cyanobacteria and green algae. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13018. [PMID: 38197812 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Twenty species/isolates of cyanobacteria and green algae were isolated from cyanobacterial bloom samples in lakes associated with the upper Qu'Appelle River drainage system in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Three amoebae species (Cochliopodium sp., Vannella sp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis) were also isolated from one of these samples, and were subjected to grazing assays to determine which species of cyanobacteria or algae could potentially serve as a food source. Amoeba grazing rates were quantified based on the diameter of the plaque after 12 days on agar plate assays, and by estimation of the amoeba population growth rate from the rate of increase of plaque area. The common cyanobacterial bloom-formers Dolichospermum sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae supported high growth rates for all three amoebae, while green algae, with the exception of one green alga/amoeba combination, did not support growth of the tested amoebae. Many of the cyanobacterial and algal isolates that did not support amoebae growth were ingested, suggesting that ingestion did not determine grazing success. Overall, while the cyanobacteria Dolichospermum sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were suitable food sources for the amoebae, the other cyanobacteria were grazed in an unpredictable manner, with some species/strains grazed by some amoebae and some species not grazed at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold G Weger
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - April K Polasek
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Derek M Wright
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Arun Damodaran
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Stavrinides
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Cavallaro A, Rhoads WJ, Sylvestre É, Marti T, Walser JC, Hammes F. Legionella relative abundance in shower hose biofilms is associated with specific microbiome members. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad016. [PMID: 37705999 PMCID: PMC10496943 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella are natural inhabitants of building plumbing biofilms, where interactions with other microorganisms influence their survival, proliferation, and death. Here, we investigated the associations of Legionella with bacterial and eukaryotic microbiomes in biofilm samples extracted from 85 shower hoses of a multiunit residential building. Legionella spp. relative abundance in the biofilms ranged between 0-7.8%, of which only 0-0.46% was L. pneumophila. Our data suggest that some microbiome members were associated with high (e.g. Chthonomonas, Vrihiamoeba) or low (e.g. Aquabacterium, Vannella) Legionella relative abundance. The correlations of the different Legionella variants (30 Zero-Radius OTUs detected) showed distinct patterns, suggesting separate ecological niches occupied by different Legionella species. This study provides insights into the ecology of Legionella with respect to: (i) the colonization of a high number of real shower hoses biofilm samples; (ii) the ecological meaning of associations between Legionella and co-occurring bacterial/eukaryotic organisms; (iii) critical points and future directions of microbial-interaction-based-ecological-investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cavallaro
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - William J Rhoads
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Émile Sylvestre
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Marti
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Nguyen DD, Sauer JS, Camarda LP, Sherman SL, Prather KA, Golden SS, Pomeroy R, Dorrestein PC, Simkovsky R. Grazer-induced changes in molecular signatures of cyanobacteria. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Yu BS, Lee SY, Sim SJ. Effective contamination control strategies facilitating axenic cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis: Risks and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126289. [PMID: 34748979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With industrialization, anthropogenic mishandlings have resulted in the discharge of abundant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. This has triggered an unnatural warming that has dramatically increased the Earth's temperature in a short duration. This problem can be addressed by the biological conversion of CO2; several studies have been conducted using H. pluvialis culture that produces high value-added materials, such as astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids. However, although H. pluvialis has a high market value, the market size is quite small. Because H. pluvialis cells are susceptible to contamination due to its slow growth rate, hence large-scale culture of H. pluvialis without reliable contamination control strategies poses significant risks. This review comprehensively discusses the contamination that occurs during the culturing of H. pluvialis in various culture systems under different culture conditions. The review also discusses the strategies in controlling the biotic contaminants, such as bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Molina-Grima E, García-Camacho F, Acién-Fernández FG, Sánchez-Mirón A, Plouviez M, Shene C, Chisti Y. Pathogens and predators impacting commercial production of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107884. [PMID: 34896169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of phytoplankton (microalgae and cyanobacteria) in commercial raceway ponds and other systems is adversely impacted by phytoplankton pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, cultures are susceptible to productivity loss, or crash, through grazing by contaminating zooplankton such as protozoa, rotifers and copepods. Productivity loss and product contamination are also caused by otherwise innocuous invading phytoplankton that consume resources in competition with the species being cultured. This review is focused on phytoplankton competitors, pathogens and grazers of significance in commercial culture of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Detection and identification of these biological contaminants are discussed. Operational protocols for minimizing contamination, and methods of managing it, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maxence Plouviez
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Shene
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Bauer A, Forchhammer K. Bacterial Predation on Cyanobacteria. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:99-108. [PMID: 34010833 DOI: 10.1159/000516427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Predatory bacteria gained interest in the last 20 years. Nevertheless, only a few species are well characterized. The endobiotic predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus invades its prey to consume it from the inside, whereas Myxococcus xanthus hunts as a whole group to overcome its prey. Both species were described to prey on cyanobacteria as well. This minireview summarizes the findings of the last 20 years of predatory bacteria of cyanobacteria and is supplemented by new findings from a screening experiment for bacterial predators of the model organism Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937. Known predatory bacteria of cyanobacteria belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and follow different hunting strategies. The underlying mechanisms are in most cases not known in much detail. Isolates from the screening experiment were clustered after predation behaviour and analyzed with respect to their size. The effect of predation in high nitrate levels and the occurrence of nitrogen-fixing cells, called heterocysts, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Bauer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
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Biological Control of Phototrophic Biofilms in a Show Cave: The Case of Nerja Cave. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are usually found in speleothems, rocks and walls of show caves exposed to artificial lighting. These microorganisms develop as biofilms coating the mineral surfaces and producing aesthetic, physical and chemical deterioration. A wide number of physical, chemical and environmental-friendly methods have been used for controlling the biofilms with different results. Natural biological control has been suggested by some authors as a theoretical approach but without direct evidence or application. Here we report the finding of a natural biological control of phototrophic biofilms on the speleothems of Nerja Cave, Malaga, Spain. The formation of plaques or spots where the phototrophic microorganisms disappeared can be assumed on the basis of processes of predation of bacteria, amoebas and some other organisms on the phototrophic biofilms. This study aims at investigating the potentialities of the biological control of phototrophic biofilms in caves, but the originality of these data should be confirmed in future studies with a larger number of biofilm samples in different ecological scenarios.
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Biological contamination and its chemical control in microalgal mass cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9345-9358. [PMID: 31720774 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are versatile sources of bioproducts, a solution for many environmental problems. However, and despite its importance, one of the main problems in large-scale cultures-the presence of contaminants-is rarely systematically approached. Contamination, or the presence of undesirable organisms in a culture, is deleterious for the culture and frequently leads to culture crashes. To avoid contamination, closed systems can be used; however, for very large-scale open systems, contamination is unavoidable and remediation procedures are necessary-ranging from physicochemical treatment to addition of biocidal substances. In all cases, early detection and culture monitoring are paramount. This article describes the biological contaminants, contamination mechanisms, and control systems used in open and closed cultures, discussing the latest advances and techniques in the area. It also discusses the complex interactions of algae with other microorganisms that can be expected in cultivation systems.
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Corcoran AA, Seger M, Niu R, Nirmalakhandan N, Lammers PJ, Holguin FO, Boeing WJ. Evidence for induced allelopathy in an isolate of Coelastrella following co-culture with Chlorella sorokiniana. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chekanov K, Kublanovskaya A, Lobakova E. Eukaryotic Sequences in the 16SrRNA Metagenomic Dataset of Algal-bacterial Consortia of the White Sea Coastal Zone. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:853-856. [PMID: 30779273 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The libraries of bacterial 16SrRNA gene fragment from algal-bacterial consortia of the White Sea coastal zone are analyzed. Up to 3% of the reads have revealed to correspond to eukaryotic rRNA. They related to following main eukaryotic clades: Discoba, Stramenopiles, Ciliata, Amoebozoa, and Nucletmycea. Amoebae, especially Vermamoeba, were present in all samples. In one sample, heterolobose amoeba Paravahlkampfia was detected. These microorganisms are parasites of microalgae, which can induce significant damage to industrial cultures. However, the data on their physiology and distribution are scarce. This study provides new evidence about the diversity of herbivorous eukaryotic microorganisms in natural algal-containing consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chekanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1/12 Leninskiye Gori, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Centre for Humanities Research and Technology, National Research Nuclear University MEPhi, Kashirskoye Highway, 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Anna Kublanovskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1/12 Leninskiye Gori, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Elena Lobakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, 1/12 Leninskiye Gori, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Hülsen T, Hsieh K, Lu Y, Tait S, Batstone DJ. Simultaneous treatment and single cell protein production from agri-industrial wastewaters using purple phototrophic bacteria or microalgae - A comparison. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:214-223. [PMID: 29413925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resource recovery, preferably as high value products, is becoming an integral part of modern wastewater treatment, with conversion to heterotrophic or phototrophic/photosynthetic microbes a key option to minimise dissipation, and maximise recovery. This study compares the treatment capacities of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) and microalgae of five agri-industrial wastewaters (pork, poultry, red meat, dairy and sugar) to recover carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous as a microbial product. The mediators have different advantages, with PPB offering moderate removals (up to 74% COD, 80% NH4-N, 55% PO4-P) but higher yields (>0.75 gCODremoved gCODadded-1) and a more consistent, PPB dominated (>50%) product, with a higher crude protein product (>0.6 gCP gVSS-1). The microalgae tests achieved a better removal outcome (up to 91%COD, 91% NH4-N, 73%PO4-P), but with poorer quality product, and <30% abundance as algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Kent Hsieh
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephan Tait
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Ma M, Gong Y, Hu Q. Identification and feeding characteristics of the mixotrophic flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis, a microalgal predator isolated from outdoor massive Chlorella culture. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Day JG, Gong Y, Hu Q. Microzooplanktonic grazers – A potentially devastating threat to the commercial success of microalgal mass culture. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ma M, Yuan D, He Y, Park M, Gong Y, Hu Q. Effective control of Poterioochromonas malhamensis in pilot-scale culture of Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1 by maintaining CO2-mediated low culture pH. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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An Amoebal Grazer of Cyanobacteria Requires Cobalamin Produced by Heterotrophic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00035-17. [PMID: 28283521 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00035-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebae are unicellular eukaryotes that consume microbial prey through phagocytosis, playing a role in shaping microbial food webs. Many amoebal species can be cultivated axenically in rich media or monoxenically with a single bacterial prey species. Here, we characterize heterolobosean amoeba LPG3, a recent natural isolate, which is unable to grow on unicellular cyanobacteria, its primary food source, in the absence of a heterotrophic bacterium, a Pseudomonas species coisolate. To investigate the molecular basis of this requirement for heterotrophic bacteria, we performed a screen using the defined nonredundant transposon library of Vibrio cholerae, which implicated genes in corrinoid uptake and biosynthesis. Furthermore, cobalamin synthase deletion mutations in V. cholerae and the Pseudomonas species coisolate do not support the growth of amoeba LPG3 on cyanobacteria. While cyanobacteria are robust producers of a corrinoid variant called pseudocobalamin, this variant does not support the growth of amoeba LPG3. Instead, we show that it requires cobalamin that is produced by the Pseudomonas species coisolate. The diversity of eukaryotes utilizing corrinoids is poorly understood, and this amoebal corrinoid auxotroph serves as a model for examining predator-prey interactions and micronutrient transfer in bacterivores underpinning microbial food webs.IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are important primary producers in aquatic environments, where they are grazed upon by a variety of phagotrophic protists and, hence, have an impact on nutrient flux at the base of microbial food webs. Here, we characterize amoebal isolate LPG3, which consumes cyanobacteria as its primary food source but also requires heterotrophic bacteria as a source of corrinoid vitamins. Amoeba LPG3 specifically requires the corrinoid variant produced by heterotrophic bacteria and cannot grow on cyanobacteria alone, as they produce a different corrinoid variant. This same corrinoid specificity is also exhibited by other eukaryotes, including humans and algae. This amoebal model system allows us to dissect predator-prey interactions to uncover factors that may shape microbial food webs while also providing insight into corrinoid specificity in eukaryotes.
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