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Liu M, Yu L, Zheng J, Shao S, Pan Y, Hu H, Shen L, Wang W, Zhou W, Liu J. Turning the industrially relevant marine alga Nannochloropsis red: one move for multifaceted benefits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39253772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oceanica is an industrially relevant marine microalga rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, a valuable ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid), yet the algal production potential remains to be unlocked. Here we engineered N. oceanica to synthesize the high-value carotenoid astaxanthin independent of high-light (HL) induction for achieving multifaceted benefits. By screening β-carotenoid ketolases and hydroxylases of various origins, and strategically manipulating compartmentalization, fusion patterns, and linkers of the enzyme pair, a remarkable 133-fold increase in astaxanthin content was achieved in N. oceanica. Iterative metabolic engineering efforts led to further increases in astaxanthin synthesis up to 7.3 mg g-1, the highest reported for microalgae under nonstress conditions. Astaxanthin was found in the photosystem components and allowed the alga HL resistance and augmented EPA production. Besides, we achieved co-production of astaxanthin and EPA by the engineered alga through a fed-batch cultivation approach. Our findings unveil the untapped potential of N. oceanica as a robust, light-driven chassis for constitutive astaxanthin synthesis and provide feasible strategies for the concurrent production of multiple high-value biochemicals from CO2, thereby paving the way for sustainable biotechnological applications of this alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutrality of Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutrality of Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutrality of Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutrality of Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutrality of Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Ramarui K, Zhong J, Li Y. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of a Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) mutant with a higher heterotrophic cell division rate reveals altered pathways involved in cell proliferation and nutrient partitioning. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39129585 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis has been used to produce the ketocarotenoid antioxidant, astaxanthin. Currently, heterotrophic cultivation of H. pluvialis is limited by slow growth rates. This work aimed to address this challenge by exploring the mechanisms of acetate metabolism in Haematococcus. Chemical mutagenesis and screening identified H. pluvialis strain KREMS 23D-3 that achieved up to a 34.9% higher cell density than the wild type when grown heterotrophically on acetate. An integrative proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach was employed to quantify 4955 proteins and 5099 phosphorylation sites from 2505 phosphoproteins in the wild-type and mutant strains of H. pluvialis. Among them, 12 proteins were significantly upregulated and 22 significantly downregulated in the mutant while phosphoproteomic analysis identified 143 significantly upregulated phosphorylation sites on 106 proteins and 130 downregulated phosphorylation sites on 114 proteins. Upregulation of anaphase-promoting complex phosphoproteins and downregulation of a putative cell cycle division 20 phosphoprotein in the mutant suggests rapid mitotic progression, coinciding with higher cell division rates. Upregulated coproporphyrinogen oxidase and phosphorylated magnesium chelatase in the mutant demonstrated altered nitrogen partitioning toward chlorophyll biosynthesis. The large proportion of differentially expressed phosphoproteins suggests phosphorylation is a key regulator for protein expression and activity in Haematococcus. Taken together, this study reveals the regulation of interrelated acetate metabolic pathways in H. pluvialis and provides protein targets that may guide future strain engineering work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyarii Ramarui
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Delta Omics Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nisar S, Dastgeer G, Shazad ZM, Zulfiqar MW, Rasheed A, Iqbal MZ, Hussain K, Rabani I, Kim D, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR. 2D Materials in Advanced Electronic Biosensors for Point-of-Care Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401386. [PMID: 38894575 PMCID: PMC11336981 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Since two-dimensionalal (2D) materials have distinct chemical and physical properties, they are widely used in various sectors of modern technologies. In the domain of diagnostic biodevices, particularly for point-of-care (PoC) biomedical diagnostics, 2D-based field-effect transistor biosensors (bio-FETs) demonstrate substantial potential. Here, in this review article, the operational mechanisms and detection capabilities of biosensing devices utilizing graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus, and other 2D materials are addressed in detail. The incorporation of these materials into FET-based biosensors offers significant advantages, including low detection limits (LOD), real-time monitoring, label-free diagnosis, and exceptional selectivity. The review also highlights the diverse applications of these biosensors, ranging from conventional to wearable devices, underscoring the versatility of 2D material-based FET devices. Additionally, the review provides a comprehensive assessment of the limitations and challenges faced by these devices, along with insights into future prospects and advancements. Notably, a detailed comparison of FET-based biosensors is tabulated along with various other biosensing platforms and their working mechanisms. Ultimately, this review aims to stimulate further research and innovation in this field while educating the scientific community about the latest advancements in 2D materials-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Nisar
- Department of Electrical EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Dastgeer
- Department of Physics & AstronomySejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Zafar Muhammad Shazad
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Polymer and Composite EngineeringUniversity of Engineering & TechnologyFaisalabad CampusLahore38000Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid Zulfiqar
- Department of Electrical EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Amir Rasheed
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601China
| | - Muhammad Zahir Iqbal
- Renewable Energy Research LaboratoryFaculty of Engineering SciencesGhulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopiKhyber Pakhtunkhwa23640Pakistan
| | - Kashif Hussain
- THz Technical Research Center; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Photonic Information Technology; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong Province518060China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Iqra Rabani
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐kee Kim
- Department of Electrical EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP. O. Box 9004Abha61413Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceUniversity of BishaP.O. Box 551Bisha61922Saudi Arabia
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Tammas I, Bitchava K, Gelasakis AI. Transforming Aquaculture through Vaccination: A Review on Recent Developments and Milestones. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:732. [PMID: 39066370 PMCID: PMC11281524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture has rapidly emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, expanding both on global and on national fronts. With the ever-increasing demand for proteins with a high biological value, the aquaculture industry has established itself as one of the most efficient forms of animal production, proving to be a vital component of global food production by supplying nearly half of aquatic food products intended for human consumption. As in classic animal production, the prevention of diseases constitutes an enduring challenge associated with severe economic and environmental repercussions. Nevertheless, remarkable strides in the development of aquaculture vaccines have been recently witnessed, offering sustainable solutions to persistent health-related issues challenging resilient aquaculture production. These advancements are characterized by breakthroughs in increased species-specific precision, improved vaccine-delivery systems, and innovations in vaccine development, following the recent advent of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence in the -omics era. The objective of this paper was to assess recent developments and milestones revolving around aquaculture vaccinology and provide an updated overview of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the sector, by incorporating and comparatively discussing various diffuse advances that span across a wide range of topics, including emerging vaccine technologies, innovative delivery methods, insights on novel adjuvants, and parasite vaccine development for the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Tammas
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantina Bitchava
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios I. Gelasakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy & Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Miklau M, Burn SJ, Eckerstorfer M, Dolezel M, Greiter A, Heissenberger A, Hörtenhuber S, Zollitsch W, Hagen K. Horizon scanning of potential environmental applications of terrestrial animals, fish, algae and microorganisms produced by genetic modification, including the use of new genomic techniques. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1376927. [PMID: 38938511 PMCID: PMC11208717 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1376927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With scientific progress and the development of new genomic techniques (NGTs), the spectrum of organisms modified for various purposes is rapidly expanding and includes a wide range of taxonomic groups. An improved understanding of which newly developed products may be introduced into the market and released into the environment in the near and more distant future is of particular interest for policymakers, regulatory authorities, and risk assessors. To address this information need, we conducted a horizon scanning (HS) of potential environmental applications in four groups of organisms: terrestrial animals (excluding insects and applications with gene drives), fish, algae and microorganisms. We applied a formal scoping review methodology comprising a structured search of the scientific literature followed by eligibility screening, complemented by a survey of grey literature, and regulatory websites and databases. In all four groups of organisms we identified a broad range of potential applications in stages of basic as well as advanced research, and a limited number of applications which are on, or ready to be placed on, the market. Research on GM animals including fish is focused on farmed animals and primarily targets traits which increase performance, influence reproduction, or convey resistance against diseases. GM algae identified in the HS were all unicellular, with more than half of the articles concerning biofuel production. GM algae applications for use in the environment include biocontrol and bioremediation, which are also the main applications identified for GM microorganisms. From a risk assessor's perspective these potential applications entail a multitude of possible pathways to harm. The current limited level of experience and limited amount of available scientific information could constitute a significant challenge in the near future, for which risk assessors and competent authorities urgently need to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Miklau
- Department of Landuse and Biosafety, Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah-Joe Burn
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Eckerstorfer
- Department of Landuse and Biosafety, Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Dolezel
- Department of Landuse and Biosafety, Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Greiter
- Department of Landuse and Biosafety, Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Hörtenhuber
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Zollitsch
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Hagen
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Division Assessment Synthetic Biology/Enforcement Genetic Engineering Act, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Einhaus A, Baier T, Kruse O. Molecular design of microalgae as sustainable cell factories. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:728-738. [PMID: 38092627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are regarded as sustainable and potent chassis for biotechnology. Their capacity for efficient photosynthesis fuels dynamic growth independent from organic carbon sources and converts atmospheric CO2 directly into various valuable hydrocarbon-based metabolites. However, approaches to gene expression and metabolic regulation have been inferior to those in more established heterotrophs (e.g., prokaryotes or yeast) since the genetic tools and insights in expression regulation have been distinctly less advanced. In recent years, however, these tools and their efficiency have dramatically improved. Various examples have demonstrated new trends in microalgal biotechnology and the potential of microalgae for the transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Einhaus
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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7
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Trujillo E, Monreal-Escalante E, Angulo C. Microalgae-made human vaccines and therapeutics: A decade of advances. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400091. [PMID: 38719615 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal emergence is a promising platform with two-decade historical background for producing vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. During that period, microalgal-based vaccines have reported successful production for various diseases. Thus, species selection is important for genetic transformation and delivery methods that have been developed. Although many vaccine prototypes have been produced for infectious and non-infectious diseases, fewer studies have reached immunological and immunoprotective evaluations. Microalgae-made vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus, malaria, influenza, human papilloma, and Zika viruses have been explored in their capacity to induce humoral or cellular immune responses and protective efficacies against experimental challenges. Therefore, specific pathogen antigens and immune system role are important and addressed in controlling these infections. Regarding non-communicable diseases, these vaccines have been investigated for breast cancer; microalgal-produced therapeutic molecules and microalgal-made interferon-α have been explored for hypertension and potential applications in treating viral infections and cancer, respectively. Thus, conducting immunological trials is emphasized, discussing the promising results observed in terms of immunogenicity, desired immune response for controlling affections, and challenges for achieving the desired protection levels. The potential advantages and hurdles associated with this innovative approach are highlighted, underlining the relevance of assessing immune responses in preclinical and clinical trials to validate the efficacy of these biopharmaceuticals. The promising future of this healthcare technology is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Trujillo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., México
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8
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Webster LJ, Villa-Gomez D, Brown R, Clarke W, Schenk PM. A synthetic biology approach for the treatment of pollutants with microalgae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1379301. [PMID: 38646010 PMCID: PMC11032018 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1379301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in global population and industrial development has led to a significant release of organic and inorganic pollutants into water streams, threatening human health and ecosystems. Microalgae, encompassing eukaryotic protists and prokaryotic cyanobacteria, have emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for removing these pollutants and mitigating carbon emissions. Various microalgae species, such as C. vulgaris, P. tricornutum, N. oceanica, A. platensis, and C. reinhardtii, have demonstrated their ability to eliminate heavy metals, salinity, plastics, and pesticides. Synthetic biology holds the potential to enhance microalgae-based technologies by broadening the scope of treatment targets and improving pollutant removal rates. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the synthetic biology of microalgae, focusing on genetic engineering tools to facilitate the removal of inorganic (heavy metals and salinity) and organic (pesticides and plastics) compounds. The development of these tools is crucial for enhancing pollutant removal mechanisms through gene expression manipulation, DNA introduction into cells, and the generation of mutants with altered phenotypes. Additionally, the review discusses the principles of synthetic biology tools, emphasizing the significance of genetic engineering in targeting specific metabolic pathways and creating phenotypic changes. It also explores the use of precise engineering tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs, to adapt genetic engineering to various microalgae species. The review concludes that there is much potential for synthetic biology based approaches for pollutant removal using microalgae, but there is a need for expansion of the tools involved, including the development of universal cloning toolkits for the efficient and rapid assembly of mutants and transgenic expression strains, and the need for adaptation of genetic engineering tools to a wider range of microalgae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Webster
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Denys Villa-Gomez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Reuben Brown
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William Clarke
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peer M. Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Algae Biotechnology, Sustainable Solutions Hub, Global Sustainable Solutions Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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9
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Rady HA, Ali SS, El-Sheekh MM. Strategies to enhance biohydrogen production from microalgae: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120611. [PMID: 38508014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a promising renewable feedstock for the sustainable production of biohydrogen. Their high growth rates and ability to fix carbon utilizing just sunlight, water, and nutrients make them well-suited for this application. Recent advancements have focused on improving microalgal hydrogen yields and cultivation methods. This review aims to summarize recent developments in microalgal cultivation techniques and genetic engineering strategies for enhanced biohydrogen production. Specific areas of focus include novel microalgal species selection, immobilization methods, integrated hybrid systems, and metabolic engineering. Studies related to microalgal strain selection, cultivation methods, metabolic engineering, and genetic manipulations were compiled and analyzed. Promising microalgal species with high hydrogen production capabilities such as Synechocystis sp., Anabaena variabilis, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been identified. Immobilization techniques like encapsulation in alginate and integration with dark fermentation have led to improved hydrogen yields. Metabolic engineering through modulation of hydrogenase activity and photosynthetic pathways shows potential for enhanced biohydrogen productivity. Considerable progress has been made in developing microalgal systems for biohydrogen. However, challenges around process optimization and scale-up remain. Future work involving metabolic modeling, photobioreactor design, and genetic engineering of electron transfer pathways could help realize the full potential of this renewable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Kumar V, Barwal A, Sharma N, Mir DS, Kumar P, Kumar V. Therapeutic proteins: developments, progress, challenges, and future perspectives. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38510462 PMCID: PMC10948735 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are considered magic molecules due to their enormous applications in the health sector. Over the past few decades, therapeutic proteins have emerged as a promising treatment option for various diseases, particularly cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and others. The formulation of protein-based therapies is a major area of research, however, a few factors still hinder the large-scale production of these therapeutic products, such as stability, heterogenicity, immunogenicity, high cost of production, etc. This review provides comprehensive information on various sources and production of therapeutic proteins. The review also summarizes the challenges currently faced by scientists while developing protein-based therapeutics, along with possible solutions. It can be concluded that these proteins can be used in combination with small molecular drugs to give synergistic benefits in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Arti Barwal
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, South Campus, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab 140307 India
| | - Danish Shafi Mir
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
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11
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Fayaz T, Rana SS, Goyal E, Ratha SK, Renuka N. Harnessing the potential of microalgae-based systems for mitigating pesticide pollution and its impact on their metabolism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120723. [PMID: 38565028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to increased pesticide usage in agriculture, a significant concentration of pesticides is reported in the environment that can directly impact humans, aquatic flora, and fauna. Utilizing microalgae-based systems for pesticide removal is becoming more popular because of their environmentally friendly nature, ability to degrade pesticide molecules into simpler, nontoxic molecules, and cost-effectiveness of the technology. Thus, this review focused on the efficiency, mechanisms, and factors governing pesticide removal using microalgae-based systems and their effect on microalgal metabolism. A wide range of pesticides, like atrazine, cypermethrin, malathion, trichlorfon, thiacloprid, etc., can be effectively removed by different microalgal strains. Some species of Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus, Nostoc, etc., are documented for >90% removal of different pesticides, mainly through the biodegradation mechanism. The antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as the complex structure of microalgae cell walls, are mainly involved in eliminating pesticides and are also crucial for the defense mechanism of microalgae against reactive oxygen species. However, higher pesticide concentrations may alter the biochemical composition and gene expression associated with microalgal growth and metabolism, which may vary depending on the type of strain, the pesticide type, and the concentration. The final section of this review discussed the challenges and prospects of how microalgae can become a successful tool to remediate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Fayaz
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Soujanya S Rana
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Esha Goyal
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Nirmal Renuka
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Kumar S, Ali Kubar A, Sobhi M, Cui Y, Liu W, Hu X, Zhu F, Huo S. Regulation of microclimate and shading effects of microalgal photobioreactors on rooftops: Microalgae as a promising emergent for green roof technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130209. [PMID: 38135224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas remarkably affect global public health due to their emissions of greenhouse gases and poor air quality. Although urban areas only cover 2% of the Earth's surface, they are responsible for 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. Dense buildings limit vegetation, leading to increased air pollution and disruption of the local and regional carbon cycle. The substitution of urban gray roofs with microalgal green roofs has the potential to improve the carbon cycle by sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. Microalgae can fix 15-50 times more CO2 than other types of vegetation. Advanced microalgal-based green roof technology may significantly accelerate the reduction of atmospheric CO2 in a more effective way. Microalgal green roofs also enhance air quality, oxygen production, acoustic isolation, sunlight absorption, and biomass production. This endeavor yields the advantage of simultaneously generating protein, lipids, vitamins, and a spectrum of valuable bioactive compounds, including astaxanthin, carotenoids, polysaccharides, and phycocyanin, thus contributing to a green economy. The primary focus of the current work is on analyzing the ecological advantages and CO2 bio-fixation efficiency attained through microalgal cultivation on urban rooftops. This study also briefly examines the idea of green roofs, clarifies the ecological benefits associated with them, discusses the practice of growing microalgae on rooftops, identifies the difficulties involved, and the positive aspects of this novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mostafa Sobhi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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13
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Gupta A, Kang K, Pathania R, Saxton L, Saucedo B, Malik A, Torres-Tiji Y, Diaz CJ, Dutra Molino JV, Mayfield SP. Harnessing genetic engineering to drive economic bioproduct production in algae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1350722. [PMID: 38347913 PMCID: PMC10859422 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1350722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Our reliance on agriculture for sustenance, healthcare, and resources has been essential since the dawn of civilization. However, traditional agricultural practices are no longer adequate to meet the demands of a burgeoning population amidst climate-driven agricultural challenges. Microalgae emerge as a beacon of hope, offering a sustainable and renewable source of food, animal feed, and energy. Their rapid growth rates, adaptability to non-arable land and non-potable water, and diverse bioproduct range, encompassing biofuels and nutraceuticals, position them as a cornerstone of future resource management. Furthermore, microalgae's ability to capture carbon aligns with environmental conservation goals. While microalgae offers significant benefits, obstacles in cost-effective biomass production persist, which curtails broader application. This review examines microalgae compared to other host platforms, highlighting current innovative approaches aimed at overcoming existing barriers. These approaches include a range of techniques, from gene editing, synthetic promoters, and mutagenesis to selective breeding and metabolic engineering through transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kalisa Kang
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Pathania
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Saxton
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Saucedo
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ashleyn Malik
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasin Torres-Tiji
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Crisandra J. Diaz
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - João Vitor Dutra Molino
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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14
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Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Campitiello R, Cutolo M. The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:630. [PMID: 38132951 PMCID: PMC10745133 DOI: 10.3390/md21120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an invalidating chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and progressive bone damage. Dietary intervention is an important component in the treatment of RA to mitigate oxidative stress, a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Alongside traditional sources of antioxidants, microalgae-a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes-are emerging as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory food supplements. Several species accumulate therapeutic metabolites-mainly lipids and pigments-which interfere in the pro-inflammatory pathways involved in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The advancement of the clinical uses of microalgae requires the continuous exploration of phytoplankton biodiversity and chemodiversity, followed by the domestication of wild strains into reliable producers of said metabolites. In addition, the tractability of microalgal genomes offers unprecedented possibilities to establish photosynthetic microbes as light-driven biofactories of heterologous immunotherapeutics. Here, we review the evidence-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms of microalgal metabolites and provide a detailed coverage of the genetic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of endogenous compounds and to develop innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Campitiello
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
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15
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Dubey KK, Kumar A, Baldia A, Rajput D, Kateriya S, Singh R, Nikita, Tandon R, Mishra YK. Biomanufacturing of glycosylated antibodies: Challenges, solutions, and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108267. [PMID: 37813174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, recombinant protein production has been done in several expression hosts of bacteria, fungi, and majorly CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells; few have high production costs and are susceptible to harmful toxin contamination. Green algae have the potential to produce recombinant proteins in a more sustainable manner. Microalgal diversity leads to offer excellent opportunities to produce glycosylated antibodies. An antibody with humanized glycans plays a crucial role in cellular communication that works to regulate cells and molecules, to control disease, and to stimulate immunity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to understand the role of abiotic factors (light, temperature, pH, etc.) in the production of bioactive molecules and molecular mechanisms of product synthesis from microalgae which would lead to harnessing the potential of algal bio-refinery. However, the potential of microalgae as the source of bio-refinery has been less explored. In the present review, omics approaches for microalgal engineering, methods of humanized glycoproteins production focusing majorly on N-glycosylation pathways, light-based regulation of glycosylation machinery, and production of antibodies with humanized glycans in microalgae with a major emphasis on modulation of post-translation machinery of microalgae which might play a role in better understanding of microalgal potential as a source for antibody production along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anshu Baldia
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanshi Rajput
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajani Singh
- Laboratory of Optobiotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark.
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16
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Ray A, Kundu P, Ghosh A. Reconstruction of a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Scenedesmus obliquus and Its Application for Lipid Production under Three Trophic Modes. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3463-3481. [PMID: 37852251 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Green microalgae have emerged as beneficial feedstocks for biofuel production. A systems-level understanding of the biochemical network is needed to harness the microalgal metabolic capacity for bioproduction. Genome-scale metabolic modeling (GEM) showed immense potential in rational metabolic engineering, utilizing biochemical flux distribution analysis. Here, we report the first GEM for the green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus (iAR632), a promising biodiesel feedstock with high lipid-storing capability. iAR632 comprises 1467 reactions, 734 metabolites, and 632 genes distributed among 7 compartments. The model was optimized under three different trophic modes of microalgal cultivation, i.e., autotrophy, mixotrophy, and heterotrophy. The robustness of the reconstructed network was confirmed by analyzing its sensitivity to the biomass components. Pathway-level flux profiles were analyzed, and significant flux space expansion was noticed majorly in reactions associated with lipid biosynthesis. In agreement with the experimental observation, iAR632 predicted about 3.8-fold increased biomass and almost 4-fold higher lipid under mixotrophy than the other trophic modes. Thus, the assessment of the condition-specific metabolic flux distribution of iAR632 suggested that mixotrophy is the preferred cultivation condition for improved microalgal growth and lipid production. Overall, the reconstructed GEM and subsequent analyses will provide a systematic framework for developing model-driven strategies to improve microalgal bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayusmita Ray
- P.K. Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pritam Kundu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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17
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Kumar N, Shukla P. Microalgal-based bioremediation of emerging contaminants: Mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122591. [PMID: 37739258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) in different ecosystems have consistently been acknowledged as a global issue due to toxicity, human health implications, and potential role in generating and disseminating antimicrobial resistance. The existing wastewater treatment system is incompetent at eliminating ECs since the effluent water contains significant concentrations of ECs, viz., antibiotics (0.03-13.0 μg L-1), paracetamol (50 μg L-1), and many others in varying concentrations. Microalgae are considered as a prospective and sustainable candidate for mitigating of ECs owing to some peculiar features. In addition, the microalgal-based processes also offer cost and energy-efficient solutions for the bioremediation of ECs than conventional treatment systems. It is pertinent that, microalgal-based processes also provides waste valorization benefits as microalgal biomass obtained after ECs treatment can be potentially applied to generate biofuels. Moreover, microalgae can effectively utilize alternative metabolic (cometabolism) routes for enhanced degradation of ECs. Additionally, the ECs removal via the microalgal biodegradation route is highly promising as it can transform the ECs into less toxic compounds. The present review comprehensively discusses different mechanisms involved in removing ECs and various factors that affect their removal. Also, the technoeconomic feasibility of microalgae than other conventional wastewater treatment methods is summarised. The review also highlighted the different molecular and genetic tools that can augment the activity and robustness of microalgae for better removal of organic contaminants. Finally, we have summarised the challenges and future research required towards microalgal-based bioremediation of emerging contaminants (ECs) as a holistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwas Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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18
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Carletti A, Rosa JT, Pes K, Borges I, Santos T, Barreira L, Varela J, Pereira H, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ, Laizé V. The osteogenic and mineralogenic potential of the microalgae Skeletonema costatum and Tetraselmis striata CTP4 in fish models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:310. [PMID: 37777592 PMCID: PMC10543572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are problematic aspects for the aquaculture industry as skeletal deformities, which affect most species of farmed fish, increase production costs and affect fish welfare. Following recent findings that show the presence of osteoactive compounds in marine organisms, we evaluated the osteogenic and mineralogenic potential of commercially available microalgae strains Skeletonema costatum and Tetraselmis striata CTP4 in several fish systems. Ethanolic extracts increased extracellular matrix mineralization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) bone-derived cell cultures and promoted osteoblastic differentiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Long-term dietary exposure to both extracts increased bone mineralization in zebrafish and upregulated the expression of genes involved in bone formation (sp7, col1a1a, oc1, and oc2), bone remodeling (acp5a), and antioxidant defenses (cat, sod1). Extracts also improved the skeletal status of zebrafish juveniles by reducing the incidence of skeletal anomalies. Our results indicate that both strains of microalgae contain osteogenic and mineralogenic compounds, and that ethanolic extracts have the potential for an application in the aquaculture sector as dietary supplements to support fish bone health. Future studies should also identify osteoactive compounds and establish whether they can be used in human health to broaden the therapeutic options for bone erosive disorders such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Carletti
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana T. Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Present Address: Collaborative Laboratory for Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUAcoLAB), Olhão, Portugal
| | - Katia Pes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Borges
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tamára Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Associação Oceano Verde (GreenCoLab), Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Present Address: Collaborative Laboratory for Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUAcoLAB), Olhão, Portugal
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19
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Zhang M, Ning R, Zheng Q, Gao K. Microalgae-based biotechnology as a promising strategy for removing antibiotics from wastewater: opportunities, challenges and future directions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248765. [PMID: 37691906 PMCID: PMC10485559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruoxu Ning
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qilin Zheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Zhenjiang Zhongnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
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20
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Zadabbas Shahabadi H, Akbarzadeh A, Ofoghi H, Kadkhodaei S. Site-specific gene knock-in and bacterial phytase gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via Cas9 RNP-mediated HDR. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150436. [PMID: 37275253 PMCID: PMC10235511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we applied the HDR (homology-directed DNA repair) CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knock-in system to accurately insert an optimized foreign bacterial phytase gene at a specific site of the nitrate reductase (NR) gene (exon 2) to achieve homologous recombination with the stability of the transgene and reduce insertion site effects or gene silencing. To this end, we successfully knocked-in the targeted NR gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using the bacterial phytase gene cassette through direct delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 protein and the specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). The NR insertion site editing was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the transgene positive clones. Moreover, 24 clones with correct editing were obtained, where the phytase gene cassette was located in exon 2 of the NR gene, and the editing efficiency was determined to be 14.81%. Additionally, site-specific gene expression was analyzed and confirmed using RT-qPCR. Cultivation of the positive knocked-in colonies on the selective media during 10 generations indicated the stability of the correct editing without gene silencing or negative insertion site effects. Our results demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knock-in could be applied for nuclear expression of the heterologous gene of interest, and also confirmed its efficacy as an effective tool for site-specific gene knock-in, avoiding nuclear positional effects and gene silencing in C. reinhardtii. These findings could also provide a new perspective on the advantageous application of RNP-CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing to accelerate the commercial production of complex recombinant proteins in the food-grade organism "C. reinhardtii".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zadabbas Shahabadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Isfahan Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kadkhodaei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Isfahan Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
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21
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Jeong BR, Jang J, Jin E. Genome engineering via gene editing technologies in microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128701. [PMID: 36746216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas has revolutionized genetic modification with its comparative simplicity and accuracy, and it can be used even at the genomic level. Microalgae are excellent feedstocks for biofuels and nutraceuticals because they contain high levels of fatty acids, carotenoids, and other metabolites; however, genome engineering for microalgae is not yet as developed as for other model organisms. Microalgal engineering at the genetic and metabolic levels is relatively well established, and a few genomic resources are available. Their genomic information was used for a "safe harbor" site for stable transgene expression in microalgae. This review proposes further genome engineering schemes including the construction of sgRNA libraries, pan-genomic and epigenomic resources, and mini-genomes, which can together be developed into synthetic biology for carbon-based engineering in microalgae. Acetyl-CoA is at the center of carbon metabolic pathways and is further reviewed for the production of molecules including terpenoids in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Ryool Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Junhwan Jang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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22
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Ayswaria R, Vijayan J, Nathan VK. Antimicrobial peptides derived from microalgae for combating antibiotic resistance: Current status and prospects. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:142-151. [PMID: 36738178 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic cell factories that produce a spectrum of bioactive compounds extensively used for various applications. Owing to the increase in antibiotic resistance among microbial pathogens, there is a significant thrust for identifying new treatment strategies, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) generation is one such method. These AMPs have multiple roles and are active against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Such peptides synthesized in microalgae have a significant role in medical application, managing aquaculture-associated diseases, and the food industry. To increase their effectiveness and novel peptides, genetically modified microalgae are used as cell factories. With the advancement of new technologies like the CRISPR-Cas system, new avenues are opened for developing novel AMPs using microalgae. This review gives us insight into the various AMPs produced by microalgae and multiple technologies involved in creating such therapeutically essential molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ayswaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Mercy College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Jasna Vijayan
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Tirumalaisamudram Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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23
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Dupuis JH, Cheung LKY, Newman L, Dee DR, Yada RY. Precision cellular agriculture: The future role of recombinantly expressed protein as food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:882-912. [PMID: 36546356 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular agriculture is a rapidly emerging field, within which cultured meat has attracted the majority of media attention in recent years. An equally promising area of cellular agriculture, and one that has produced far more actual food ingredients that have been incorporated into commercially available products, is the use of cellular hosts to produce soluble proteins, herein referred to as precision cellular agriculture (PCAg). In PCAg, specific animal- or plant-sourced proteins are expressed recombinantly in unicellular hosts-the majority of which are yeast-and harvested for food use. The numerous advantages of PCAg over traditional agriculture, including a smaller carbon footprint and more consistent products, have led to extensive research on its utility. This review is the first to survey proteins currently being expressed using PCAg for food purposes. A growing number of viable expression hosts and recent advances for increased protein yields and process optimization have led to its application for producing milk, egg, and muscle proteins; plant hemoglobin; sweet-tasting plant proteins; and ice-binding proteins. Current knowledge gaps present research opportunities for optimizing expression hosts, tailoring posttranslational modifications, and expanding the scope of proteins produced. Considerations for the expansion of PCAg and its implications on food regulation, society, ethics, and the environment are also discussed. Considering the current trajectory of PCAg, food proteins from any biological source can likely be expressed recombinantly and used as purified food ingredients to create novel and tailored food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Dupuis
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lennie K Y Cheung
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lenore Newman
- Food and Agriculture Institute, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Derek R Dee
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rickey Y Yada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Aratboni HA, Rafiei N, Allaf MM, Abedini S, Rasheed RN, Seif A, Wang S, Ramirez JRM. Nanotechnology: An outstanding tool for increasing and better exploitation of microalgae valuable compounds. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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25
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Masi A, Leonelli F, Scognamiglio V, Gasperuzzo G, Antonacci A, Terzidis MA. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: A Factory of Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031185. [PMID: 36770853 PMCID: PMC9921279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) is one of the most well-studied microalgae organisms that revealed important information for the photosynthetic and metabolic processes of plants and eukaryotes. Numerous extensive studies have also underpinned its great potential as a biochemical factory, capable of producing various highly desired molecules with a direct impact on human health and longevity. Polysaccharides, lipids, functional proteins, pigments, hormones, vaccines, and antibodies are among the valuable biomolecules that are produced spontaneously or under well-defined conditions by C. reinhardtii and can be directly linked to human nutrition and diet. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the field focusing on the most relevant applications related to the production of important biomolecules for human health that are also linked with human nutrition and diet. The limitations and challenges are critically discussed along with the potential future applications of C. reinhardtii biomass and processed products in the field of nutraceuticals and food supplements. The increasing need for high-value and low-cost biomolecules produced in an environmentally and economy sustainable manner also underline the important role of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Masi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasperuzzo
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.A.T.); Tel.: +39-0690675597 (A.A.); +30-2310013224 (M.A.T.)
| | - Michael A. Terzidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.A.T.); Tel.: +39-0690675597 (A.A.); +30-2310013224 (M.A.T.)
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Diaz CJ, Douglas KJ, Kang K, Kolarik AL, Malinovski R, Torres-Tiji Y, Molino JV, Badary A, Mayfield SP. Developing algae as a sustainable food source. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1029841. [PMID: 36742010 PMCID: PMC9892066 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current agricultural and food production practices are facing extreme stress, posed by climate change and an ever-increasing human population. The pressure to feed nearly 8 billion people while maintaining a minimal impact on the environment has prompted a movement toward new, more sustainable food sources. For thousands of years, both the macro (seaweed and kelp) and micro (unicellular) forms of algae have been cultivated as a food source. Algae have evolved to be highly efficient at resource utilization and have proven to be a viable source of nutritious biomass that could address many of the current food production issues. Particularly for microalgae, studies of their large-scale growth and cultivation come from the biofuel industry; however, this knowledge can be reasonably translated into the production of algae-based food products. The ability of algae to sequester CO2 lends to its sustainability by helping to reduce the carbon footprint of its production. Additionally, algae can be produced on non-arable land using non-potable water (including brackish or seawater), which allows them to complement rather than compete with traditional agriculture. Algae inherently have the desired qualities of a sustainable food source because they produce highly digestible proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, and are rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Although algae have yet to be fully domesticated as food sources, a variety of cultivation and breeding tools exist that can be built upon to allow for the increased productivity and enhanced nutritional and organoleptic qualities that will be required to bring algae to mainstream utilization. Here we will focus on microalgae and cyanobacteria to highlight the current advancements that will expand the variety of algae-based nutritional sources, as well as outline various challenges between current biomass production and large-scale economic algae production for the food market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisandra J. Diaz
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kai J. Douglas
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kalisa Kang
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ashlynn L. Kolarik
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rodeon Malinovski
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasin Torres-Tiji
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - João V. Molino
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Amr Badary
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- Mayfield Lab, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Stephen P. Mayfield,
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Sirohi P, Verma H, Singh SK, Singh VK, Pandey J, Khusharia S, Kumar D, Kaushalendra, Teotia P, Kumar A. Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6257-6279. [PMID: 36547088 PMCID: PMC9777246 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms frequently found in fresh and marine water ecosystems. Various microalgal species have been considered a reservoir of diverse health-value products, including vitamins, proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, and are broadly utilized as food and for the treatment of human ailments such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and immunodeficiency. Microalgae-derived carotenoids are the type of accessory pigment that possess light-absorbing potential and play a significant role in metabolic functions. To date, nearly a thousand carotenoids have been reported, but a very less number of microalgae have been used for the commercial production of carotenoids. This review article briefly discussed the carotenoids of microalgal origin and their therapeutic application. In addition, we have briefly compiled the optimization of culture parameters used to enhance microalgal carotenoid production. In addition, the latest biotechnological approaches used to improve the yields of carotenoid has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sirohi
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Hariom Verma
- Department of Botany, B.R.D. Government Degree College Duddhi, Sonbhadra 231216, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Jyoti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Singhania University, Pacheri Barı, Jhunjhunu 333515, India
| | - Saksham Khusharia
- Kuwar SatyaVira College of Engineering and Management, Bijnor 246701, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Zoology, C.M.B. College, Deorh, Ghoghardiha 847402, India
| | - Kaushalendra
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Pratibha Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
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Banerjee A, Ward V. Production of recombinant and therapeutic proteins in microalgae. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102784. [PMID: 36095993 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae is emerging as a promising platform for the production of recombinant proteins of therapeutic importance. Since microalgae are safe for oral consumption and some microalgal species can form extracellular vesicles, they can potentially be used as edible vaccines or drug-delivery vehicles in addition to their status as naturally rich sources of nutraceutical bioproducts. This article focuses on recent advances in the field of recombinant protein production in microalgae, and developments toward the use of microalgae as a vehicle for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Valerie Ward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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29
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Isolation, identification, and chemical composition analysis of nine microalgal and cyanobacterial species isolated in lagoons of Western Greece. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li X, Lan C, Li X, Hu Z, Jia B. A review on design-build-test-learn cycle to potentiate progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127981. [PMID: 36130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the generation of isoprenoid factories in microalgae relies on two strategies: 1) enhanced production of endogenous isoprenoids; or 2) production of heterologous terpenes by metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, low titers and productivity are still a feature of isoprenoid biotechnology and need to be addressed. In this context, the mechanisms underlying isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae and its relationship with central carbon metabolism are reviewed. Developments in microalgal biotechnology are discussed, and a new approach of integrated "design-build-test-learn" cycle is advocated to the trends, challenges and prospects involved in isoprenoid engineering. The emerging and promising strategies and tools are discussed for microalgal engineering in the future. This review encourages a systematic engineering perspective aimed at potentiating progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengxiang Lan
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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31
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Discovery of sex in an extremophilic red alga. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2216012119. [PMID: 36269868 PMCID: PMC9636976 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216012119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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Wang Y, Li T, Li Y, Yang R, Zhang G. 2D-Materials-Based Wearable Biosensor Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110936. [PMID: 36354445 PMCID: PMC9687877 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionary success in life science, wearable biosensor systems, which can monitor human health information and quantify vital signs in real time, have been actively studied. Research in wearable biosensor systems is mainly focused on the design of sensors with various flexible materials. Among them, 2D materials with excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties provide the expected characteristics to address the challenges of developing microminiaturized wearable biosensor systems. This review summarizes the recent research progresses in 2D-materials-based wearable biosensors including e-skin, contact lens sensors, and others. Then, we highlight the challenges of flexible power supply technologies for smart systems. The latest advances in biosensor systems involving wearable wristbands, diabetic patches, and smart contact lenses are also discussed. This review will enable a better understanding of the design principle of 2D biosensors, offering insights into innovative technologies for future biosensor systems toward their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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33
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Rout SS, de Grahl I, Yu X, Reumann S. Production of a viral surface protein in Nannochloropsis oceanica for fish vaccination against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6535-6549. [PMID: 36069927 PMCID: PMC9449291 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oceanica is a unicellular oleaginous microalga of emerging biotechnological interest with a sequenced, annotated genome, available transcriptomic and proteomic data, and well-established basic molecular tools for genetic engineering. To establish N. oceanica as a eukaryotic host for recombinant protein synthesis and develop molecular technology for vaccine production, we chose the viral surface protein 2 (VP2) of a pathogenic fish virus that causes infectious pancreatic necrosis as a model vaccine. Upon stable nuclear transformation of N. oceanica strain CCMP1779 with the codon-optimized VP2 gene, a Venus reporter fusion served to evaluate the strength of different endogenous promoters in transformant populations by qPCR and flow cytometry. The highest VP2 yields were achieved for the elongation factor promoter, with enhancer effects by its N-terminal leader sequence. Individual transformants differed in their production capability of reporter-free VP2 by orders of magnitude. When subjecting the best candidates to kinetic analyses of growth and VP2 production in photobioreactors, recombinant protein integrity was maintained until the early stationary growth phase, and a high yield of 4.4% VP2 of total soluble protein was achieved. The maximum yield correlated with multiple integrations of the expression vector into the nuclear genome. The results demonstrate that N. oceanica was successfully engineered to constitute a robust platform for high-level production of a model subunit vaccine. The molecular methodology established here can likely be adapted in a straightforward manner to the production of further vaccines in the same host, allowing their distribution to fish, vertebrates, or humans via a microalgae-containing diet. KEY POINTS: • We engineered N. oceanica for recombinant protein production. • The antigenic surface protein 2 of IPN virus could indeed be expressed in the host. • A high yield of 4.4% VP2 of total soluble protein was achieved in N. oceanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Suman Rout
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke de Grahl
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
- Zybio Inc, Chongqing Municipality, 400084, China
| | - Sigrun Reumann
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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Manufactured extracellular vesicles as human therapeutics: challenges, advances, and opportunities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102776. [PMID: 36041354 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have evolved across all phyla as an intercellular communication system. There are intrinsic advantages of leveraging this capability to deliver therapeutic cargo to treat disease, which have been demonstrated in numerous in vivo studies. As with other new modalities, the challenge has now shifted from proof of concept to developing reliable and efficient large-scale infrastructure to manufacture consistently pure and potent drug for broad-based patient access. This review focuses on how this challenge has been met with both existing and emerging technology platforms that are making impressive strides in the industrialization of EV manufacturing. In addition, we also highlight the gaps and opportunities that are beginning to be explored and addressed to hasten ushering in the era of therapeutic EVs.
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Ramesh B, Srinivasan S. Removal of toxic heavy metals using genetically engineered microbes: Molecular tools, risk assessment and management strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134341. [PMID: 35307383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The direct release of industrial effluent into the water and other anthropogenic activities causes water pollution. Heavy metal ions are the primary contaminant in the industrial effluents which are exceptionally toxic at low concentrations, terribly disturb the endurance equilibrium of activities in the eco-system and be remarkably hazardous to human health. Different conventional treatment methodologies were utilized for the removal of toxic pollutants from the contaminated water which has several drawbacks such as cost-ineffective and lower efficiency. Recently, genetically modified micro-organisms (GMMs) stand-out for the removal of toxic heavy metals are viewed as an economically plausible and environmentally safe technique. GMMs are microorganisms whose genetic material has been changed utilizing genetic engineering techniques that exhibit enhanced removal efficiency in comparison with the other treatment methodologies. The present review comments the GMMs such as bacteria, algae and fungi and their potential for the removal of toxic heavy metals. This review provides current aspects of different advanced molecular tools which have been used to manipulate micro-organisms through genetic expression for the breakdown of metal compounds in polluted areas. The strategies, major limitations and challenges for genetic engineering of micro-organisms have been reviewed. The current review investigates the approaches working on utilizing genetically modified micro-organisms and effective removal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - B Ramesh
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Priyadharsini P, Nirmala N, Dawn S, Baskaran A, SundarRajan P, Gopinath K, Arun J. Genetic improvement of microalgae for enhanced carbon dioxide sequestration and enriched biomass productivity: Review on CO2 bio-fixation pathways modifications. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bolaños-Martínez OC, Mahendran G, Rosales-Mendoza S, Vimolmangkang S. Current Status and Perspective on the Use of Viral-Based Vectors in Eukaryotic Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070434. [PMID: 35877728 PMCID: PMC9318342 DOI: 10.3390/md20070434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, microalgae have attracted increasing interest, both commercially and scientifically. Commercial potential involves utilizing valuable natural compounds, including carotenoids, polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are widely applicable in food, biofuel, and pharmaceutical industries. Conversely, scientific potential focuses on bioreactors for producing recombinant proteins and developing viable technologies to significantly increase the yield and harvest periods. Here, viral-based vectors and transient expression strategies have significantly contributed to improving plant biotechnology. We present an updated outlook covering microalgal biotechnology for pharmaceutical application, transformation techniques for generating recombinant proteins, and genetic engineering tactics for viral-based vector construction. Challenges in industrial application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayra C. Bolaños-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (O.C.B.-M.); (G.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ganesan Mahendran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (O.C.B.-M.); (G.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (O.C.B.-M.); (G.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-8358
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Nazir Y, Phabakaran P, Halim H, Mohamed H, Naz T, Abdul Hamid A, Song Y. Strategic Development of Aurantiochytrium sp. Mutants With Superior Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity for Enhanced DHA Production Through Plasma Mutagenesis Coupled With Chemical Screening. Front Nutr 2022; 9:876649. [PMID: 35558745 PMCID: PMC9087853 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.876649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids, such as Aurantiochytrium and Schizochytrium, have been shown as a promising sustainable alternative to fish oil due to its ability to accumulate a high level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from its total fatty acids. However, the low DHA volumetric yield by most of the wild type (WT) strain of thraustochytrids which probably be caused by the low oxidative stress tolerance as well as a limited supply of key precursors for DHA biosynthesis has restricted its application for industrial application. Thus, to enhance the DHA production, we aimed to generate Aurantiochytrium SW1 mutant with high tolerance toward oxidative stress and high glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities through strategic plasma mutagenesis coupled with chemical screening. The WT strain (Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1) was initially exposed to plasma radiation and was further challenged with zeocin and polydatin, generating a mutant (YHPM1) with a 30, 65, and 80% higher overall biomass, lipid, and DHA production in comparison with the parental strains, respectively. Further analysis showed that the superior growth, lipid, and DHA biosynthesis of the YHMP1 were attributed not only to the higher G6PDH and enzymes involved in the oxidative defense such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but also to other key metabolic enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis. This study provides an effective approach in developing the Aurantiochytrium sp. mutant with superior DHA production capacity that has the potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Nazir
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.,Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Pranesha Phabakaran
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hafiy Halim
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tahira Naz
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Aidil Abdul Hamid
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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Schad A, Rössler S, Nagel R, Wagner H, Wilhelm C. Crossing and selection of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains for biotechnological glycolate production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3539-3554. [PMID: 35511277 PMCID: PMC9151519 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract As an alternative to chemical building blocks derived from algal biomass, the excretion of glycolate has been proposed. This process has been observed in green algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a product of the photorespiratory pathway. Photorespiration generally occurs at low CO2 and high O2 concentrations, through the key enzyme RubisCO initiating the pathway via oxygenation of 1.5-ribulose-bisphosphate. In wild-type strains, photorespiration is usually suppressed in favour of carboxylation due to the cellular carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) controlling the internal CO2 concentration. Additionally, newly produced glycolate is directly metabolized in the C2 cycle. Therefore, both the CCMs and the C2 cycle are the key elements which limit the glycolate production in wild-type cells. Using conventional crossing techniques, we have developed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii double mutants deficient in these two key pathways to direct carbon flux to glycolate excretion. Under aeration with ambient air, the double mutant D6 showed a significant and stable glycolate production when compared to the non-producing wild type. Interestingly, this mutant can act as a carbon sink by fixing atmospheric CO2 into glycolate without requiring any additional CO2 supply. Thus, the double-mutant strain D6 can be used as a photocatalyst to produce chemical building blocks and as a future platform for algal-based biotechnology. Key Points • Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cia5 gyd double mutants were developed by sexual crossing • The double mutation eliminates the need for an inhibitor in glycolate production • The strain D6 produces significant amounts of glycolate with ambient air only Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11933-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schad
- Department of Algal Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Rössler
- Department of Algal Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raimund Nagel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Algal Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Department of Algal Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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40
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Kuo EY, Yang RY, Chin YY, Chien YL, Chen YC, Wei CY, Kao LJ, Chang YH, Li YJ, Chen TY, Lee TM. Multi-omics approaches and genetic engineering of metabolism for improved biorefinery and wastewater treatment in microalgae. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100603. [PMID: 35467782 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, a group of photosynthetic microorganisms rich in diverse and novel bioactive metabolites, have been explored for the production of biofuels, high value-added compounds as food and feeds, and pharmaceutical chemicals as agents with therapeutic benefits. This article reviews the development of omics resources and genetic engineering techniques including gene transformation methodologies, mutagenesis, and genome-editing tools in microalgae biorefinery and wastewater treatment. The introduction of these enlisted techniques has simplified the understanding of complex metabolic pathways undergoing microalgal cells. The multiomics approach of the integrated omics datasets, big data analysis, and machine learning for the discovery of objective traits and genes responsible for metabolic pathways was reviewed. Recent advances and limitations of multiomics analysis and genetic bioengineering technology to facilitate the improvement of microalgae as the dual role of wastewater treatment and biorefinery feedstock production are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva YuHua Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Yang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yu Chin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chien
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Kao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Li
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yuan Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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41
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Grama SB, Liu Z, Li J. Emerging Trends in Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Commercial Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:285. [PMID: 35621936 PMCID: PMC9143385 DOI: 10.3390/md20050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microalgal biotechnology has received increasing interests in producing valuable, sustainable and environmentally friendly bioproducts. The development of economically viable production processes entails resolving certain limitations of microalgal biotechnology, and fast evolving genetic engineering technologies have emerged as new tools to overcome these limitations. This review provides a synopsis of recent progress, current trends and emerging approaches of genetic engineering of microalgae for commercial applications, including production of pharmaceutical protein, lipid, carotenoids and biohydrogen, etc. Photochemistry improvement in microalgae and CO2 sequestration by microalgae via genetic engineering were also discussed since these subjects are closely entangled with commercial production of the above mentioned products. Although genetic engineering of microalgae is proved to be very effective in boosting performance of production in laboratory conditions, only limited success was achieved to be applicable to industry so far. With genetic engineering technologies advancing rapidly and intensive investigations going on, more bioproducts are expected to be produced by genetically modified microalgae and even much more to be prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir B. Grama
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria;
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Jian Li
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
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42
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Cutolo EA, Mandalà G, Dall’Osto L, Bassi R. Harnessing the Algal Chloroplast for Heterologous Protein Production. Microorganisms 2022; 10:743. [PMID: 35456794 PMCID: PMC9025058 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microbes are gaining increasing attention as heterologous hosts for the light-driven, low-cost production of high-value recombinant proteins. Recent advances in the manipulation of unicellular algal genomes offer the opportunity to establish engineered strains as safe and viable alternatives to conventional heterotrophic expression systems, including for their use in the feed, food, and biopharmaceutical industries. Due to the relatively small size of their genomes, algal chloroplasts are excellent targets for synthetic biology approaches, and are convenient subcellular sites for the compartmentalized accumulation and storage of products. Different classes of recombinant proteins, including enzymes and peptides with therapeutical applications, have been successfully expressed in the plastid of the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and of a few other species, highlighting the emerging potential of transplastomic algal biotechnology. In this review, we provide a unified view on the state-of-the-art tools that are available to introduce protein-encoding transgenes in microalgal plastids, and discuss the main (bio)technological bottlenecks that still need to be addressed to develop robust and sustainable green cell biofactories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Bassi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.A.C.); (G.M.); (L.D.)
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43
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Costa IG, Coelho Vargas JV, Balmant W, Ramos LP, Zandoná Filho A, Taher DM, Mariano AB, Yamamoto CI, Conceição D, Kava VM. Microalgae‐Derived Green Diesel. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iago G. Costa
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, PGMEC, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - José V. Coelho Vargas
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, PGMEC, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Wellington Balmant
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, PGMEC, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Luiz P. Ramos
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Chemistry, PGQ, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Arion Zandoná Filho
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, PGEQ, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Dhyogo M. Taher
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - André B. Mariano
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Electrical Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Carlos I. Yamamoto
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering, PIPE, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, PGEQ, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Daniele Conceição
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Vanessa M. Kava
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Sustainable Energy Research & Development Center, NPDEAS, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, UFPR Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, CP 19011 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brazil
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44
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Treece TR, Gonzales JN, Pressley JR, Atsumi S. Synthetic Biology Approaches for Improving Chemical Production in Cyanobacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:869195. [PMID: 35372310 PMCID: PMC8965691 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.869195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological chemical production has gained traction in recent years as a promising renewable alternative to traditional petrochemical based synthesis. Of particular interest in the field of metabolic engineering are photosynthetic microorganisms capable of sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. CO2 levels have continued to rise at alarming rates leading to an increasingly uncertain climate. CO2 can be sequestered by engineered photosynthetic microorganisms and used for chemical production, representing a renewable production method for valuable chemical commodities such as biofuels, plastics, and food additives. The main challenges in using photosynthetic microorganisms for chemical production stem from the seemingly inherent limitations of carbon fixation and photosynthesis resulting in slower growth and lower average product titers compared to heterotrophic organisms. Recently, there has been an increase in research around improving photosynthetic microorganisms as renewable chemical production hosts. This review will discuss the various efforts to overcome the intrinsic inefficiencies of carbon fixation and photosynthesis, including rewiring carbon fixation and photosynthesis, investigating alternative carbon fixation pathways, installing sugar catabolism to supplement carbon fixation, investigating newly discovered fast growing photosynthetic species, and using new synthetic biology tools such as CRISPR to radically alter metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner R. Treece
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jake N. Gonzales
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joseph R. Pressley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shota Atsumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shota Atsumi,
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45
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Krujatz F, Dani S, Windisch J, Emmermacher J, Hahn F, Mosshammer M, Murthy S, Steingroewer J, Walther T, Kühl M, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Think outside the box: 3D bioprinting concepts for biotechnological applications – recent developments and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Mapstone LJ, Leite MN, Purton S, Crawford IA, Dartnell L. Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Südfeld C, Pozo-Rodríguez A, Manjavacas Díez SA, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ, D'Adamo S. The nucleolus as a genomic safe harbor for strong gene expression in Nannochloropsis oceanica. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:340-353. [PMID: 34775107 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are used in food and feed, and they are considered a potential feedstock for sustainably produced chemicals and biofuel. However, production of microalgal-derived chemicals is not yet economically feasible. Genetic engineering could bridge the gap to industrial application and facilitate the production of novel products from microalgae. Here, we report the discovery of a novel gene expression system in the oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis that exploits the highly efficient transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase I and an internal ribosome entry site for translation. We identified the nucleolus as a genomic safe harbor for Pol I transcription and used it to construct transformant strains with consistently strong transgene expression. The new expression system provides an outstanding tool for genetic and metabolic engineering of microalgae and thus will probably make substantial contributions to microalgal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Südfeld
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Ana Pozo-Rodríguez
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sara A Manjavacas Díez
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - René H Wijffels
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah D'Adamo
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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48
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Sproles AE, Berndt A, Fields FJ, Mayfield SP. Improved high-throughput screening technique to rapidly isolate Chlamydomonas transformants expressing recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1677-1689. [PMID: 35129657 PMCID: PMC8882119 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The single-celled eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has long been a model system for developing genetic tools for algae, and is also considered a potential platform for the production of high-value recombinant proteins. Identifying transformants with high levels of recombinant protein expression has been a challenge in this organism, as random integration of transgenes into the nuclear genome leads to low frequency of cell lines with high gene expression. Here, we describe the design of an optimized vector for the expression of recombinant proteins in Chlamydomonas, that when transformed and screened using a dual antibiotic selection, followed by screening using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), permits rapid identification and isolation of microalgal transformants with high expression of a recombinant protein. This process greatly reduces the time required for the screening process, and can produce large populations of recombinant algae transformants with between 60 and 100% of cells producing the recombinant protein of interest, in as little as 3 weeks, that can then be used for whole population sequencing or individual clone analysis. Utilizing this new vector and high-throughput screening (HTS) process resulted in an order of magnitude improvement over existing methods, which normally produced under 1% of algae transformants expressing the protein of interest. This process can be applied to other algal strains and recombinant proteins to enhance screening efficiency, thereby speeding up the discovery and development of algal-derived recombinant protein products. Key points • A protein expression vector using double-antibiotic resistance genes was designed • Double antibiotic selection causes fewer colonies with more positive for phenotype • Coupling the new vector with FACS improves microalgal screening efficiency > 60% Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11790-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Sproles
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Berndt
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francis J Fields
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P Mayfield
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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49
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Kobayashi S, Atsumi S, Ikebukuro K, Sode K, Asano R. Light-induced production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol by metabolically engineered cyanobacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:7. [PMID: 34991586 PMCID: PMC8740407 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyanobacteria are engineered via heterologous biosynthetic pathways to produce value-added chemicals via photosynthesis. Various chemicals have been successfully produced in engineered cyanobacteria. Chemical inducer-dependent promoters are used to induce the expression of target biosynthetic pathway genes. A chemical inducer is not ideal for large-scale reactions owing to its high cost; therefore, it is important to develop scaling-up methods to avoid their use. In this study, we designed a green light-inducible alcohol production system using the CcaS/CcaR green light gene expression system in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803). Results To establish the green light-inducible production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB) in PCC 6803, keto-acid decarboxylase (kdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) were expressed under the control of the CcaS/CcaR system. Increases in the transcription level were induced by irradiation with red and green light without severe effects on host cell growth. We found that the production of isobutanol and 3MB from carbon dioxide (CO2) was induced under red and green light illumination and was substantially repressed under red light illumination alone. Finally, production titers of isobutanol and 3MB reached 238 mg L−1 and 75 mg L−1, respectively, in 5 days under red and green light illumination, and these values are comparable to those reported in previous studies using chemical inducers. Conclusion A green light-induced alcohol production system was successfully integrated into cyanobacteria to produce value-added chemicals without using expensive chemical inducers. The green light-regulated production of isobutanol and 3MB from CO2 is eco-friendly and cost-effective. This study demonstrates that light regulation is a potential tool for producing chemicals and increases the feasibility of cyanobacterial bioprocesses. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01732-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Atsumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Molino JVD, Carpine R, Gademann K, Mayfield S, Sieber S. Development of a cell surface display system in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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