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Shen X, Tang J, Huang Y, Lan X, Lei C, Chen H. CircRNF111 Contributes to Adipocyte Differentiation by Elevating PPARγ Expression via miR-27a-3p. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2145058. [PMID: 36377797 PMCID: PMC9980459 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2145058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The content and distribution of adipocytes is an important factor that affects meat quality. Previous studies showed that circRNAs are involved in various physiological processes. Nevertheless, more research is needed to investigate the function of circRNAs in adipogenesis. The present study examines the effects of circRNF111 on adipogenesis of bovine preadipocyte and aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. In our study, the sequence signature of circRNF111 was identified using bioinformatics, RNA-FISH, and sequencing. Mechanistically, knockdown or exogenous expression of circRNF111 in preadipocytes was done to prove the functional significance of circRNF111. Combined with bioinformatics, a dual fluorescein reporter system, and immunoprecipitation, the interaction between circRNF111, miR-27a-3p, and the target gene PPARγ was verified. The results reveal that circRNF111 is positively correlated with adipocyte differentiation. The newly identified bovine circRNF111 functions as a miR-27a-3p sponge to rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-27a-3p on the PPARγ gene, thereby promoting adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China,CONTACT Hong Chen College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Dong J, Du C, Xu C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Lv X, Zhang L, Li J, Huang C, Wang H, Ma T. Verbenalin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis by regulating MDMX/PPARα-mediated ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116227. [PMID: 36739928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Verbenalin is a major compound in Verbena officinalis L. Verbena officinalis L was first recorded in the 'Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians.' Verbenalin (VE) is its active constituent and has been found to have many biological effects, including anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, removing jaundice, and treating malaria. It could treat lump accumulation, dysmenorrhea, throat obstruction, edema, jaundice, and malaria. Palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), ethanol, and acetaminophen liver injuries have been proven to benefit from verbenalin. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the effects of verbenalin on the prevention of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) through the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating MDMX (Murine double minute X)/PPARα (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)-mediated ferroptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice treated with alcohol followed by the Gao-Binge protocol were administered verbenalin by gavage simultaneously. The mitochondrial mass and morphology were visualized using TEM. AML-12 cells were stimulated with ethanol to mimic ASH in vitro. Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and kit determination were simultaneously performed. The target protein of verbenalin was identified by molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) further confirmed its interactions. RESULTS Verbenalin alleviates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which verbenalin inhibits abnormal mitochondrial dysfunction, molecular docking was performed, and MDMX was identified as the target protein of verbenalin. CETSA assays revealed a specific interaction between MDMX and verbenalin. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that PPARα played a critical role in promoting the ability of MDMX to affect ferroptosis. Verbenalin regulates MDMX/PPARα-mediated ferroptosis in AML-12 cells. CONCLUSION Verbenalin regulates ferroptosis and highlights the therapeutic potential of verbenalin and ferroptosis inhibition in reducing alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Changlin Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chuanting Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Taotao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China.
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Pulido-Perez P, Torres-Rasgado E, Pérez-Fuentes R, Rosales-Encina JL, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Romero JR. Disordered glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes is associated with increased TNF receptor-2 levels. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107974. [PMID: 34210601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence implicates tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) through unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that disordered glycemic control leads to TNF activation and increases in soluble-TNF (sTNF) and its receptors-1 (sTNFR1) and -2 (sTNFR2). METHODS We characterized 265 T2D and non-diabetic Latin American subjects and assessed the relationship between the TNF system and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin-A1C (A1C), insulin (FPI), C-peptide and HOMA-Beta. RESULTS sTNF and sTNFR2 but not sTNFR1 levels were higher in T2D than non-diabetics (P<0.0001). In T2D, sTNFR2 was associated with A1C and C-peptide (R2=0.354, b=0.504, P<0.0001; b=0.167, P=0.049). Also, T2D patients with disordered glycemic control had increased sTNFR2 levels that correlated with FPG (Rho:0.393, P<0.001), A1C (Rho:0.451, P<0.001) and HOMA-Beta (Rho:-0.308, P=0.005); events not observed in T2D patients with adequate glycemic control. Furthermore, sex-based comparative analyses of T2D patients showed that women compared to men had higher sTNFR2 levels (P=0.017) that correlated with FPG, A1C, FPI and HOMA-Beta. CONCLUSIONS Disordered glycemic control is associated with sTNF and sTNFR2. sTNFR2 levels were higher in T2D women than men. Thus, increased sTNFR2 levels may be an important biomarker for disordered glucose and inflammatory complications in T2D patients and women in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pulido-Perez
- Doctorate in Biological Science, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Mexico; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Biomedical Research East, Mexican Social Security Institute of Puebla, Mexico; Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
| | - Enrique Torres-Rasgado
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Biomedical Research East, Mexican Social Security Institute of Puebla, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Center for Biomedical Research East, Mexican Social Security Institute of Puebla, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Luis Rosales-Encina
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
| | | | - Jose R Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chung YC, Chen YI, Lin CM, Chang SW, Hsu TH, Ho WJ, Lin JG, Chang SL, Tzeng CY. Electroacupuncture combined with acarbose improves insulin sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and produces a stronger glucose-lowering effect than acarbose alone in a rat model of steroid-induced insulin resistance. Acupunct Med 2020; 38:335-342. [PMID: 32297559 DOI: 10.1177/0964528419901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that electroacupuncture (EA) induces a glucose-lowering effect by improving insulin resistance (IR) and reduces plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels in rats with steroid-induced insulin resistance (SIIR). In addition, EA can activate cholinergic nerves and stimulate endogenous opioid peptides to lower plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the glucose-lowering effects of 15 Hz EA at bilateral ST36 in combination with acarbose (ACA). We hypothesized that EA combined with ACA would produce a stronger glucose-lowering effect than ACA alone. METHODS In this study, normal Wistar rats and SIIR rats were randomly divided into two groups: ACA and ACA + EA. To explore the potential mechanisms underlying the glucose-lowering effect, plasma FFA/insulin and insulin transduction signal pathway proteins were assayed. RESULTS Combined ACA + EA treatment had a greater glucose-lowering effect than ACA alone in normal Wistar rats (-45% ± 3% vs -19% ± 3%, p < 0.001) and SIIR model rats (-43% ± 2% vs -16% ± 6%, p < 0.001). A significant reduction in plasma FFA levels, improvement in homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index (-48.9% ± 4.0%, p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity index (102% ± 16.9%, p < 0.001), and significant increases in insulin receptor substrate 1, glucose transporter 4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein expressions in skeletal muscle, were also observed in the ACA + EA group of SIIR rats. CONCLUSION Combined EA and ACA therapy had a greater glucose-lowering effect than ACA monotherapy; this combined therapy could be more effective at improving IR in SIIR rats, which may be related to a reduction in plasma FFA levels and an elevation of insulin signaling proteins. Whether this combined therapy has an effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients still needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung City.,Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun
| | - Ying-I Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun.,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | - Su-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Dacun
| | - Wai-Jane Ho
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun
| | - Jaug-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City.,College of Biotechnology and Bioresource, Da-Yeh University, Changhua
| | - Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun.,Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City
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Chhabra M, Sharma S. Potential role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma analogues in regulation of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus: An overview. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1123-1129. [PMID: 31336454 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells are recognized as the potential targets for the revascularization and angiogenesis because of their ability to get themselves transformed into mature endothelial cells. Underlying pathophysiology in diabetes mellitus leads to decrease in circulatory endothelial progenitor cells, resulting in diabetic macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) gamma analogues serves as an effective therapy for controlling blood sugar levels and preventing its complications. Reports of clinical trials and meta-analysis of clinical trial suggests the beneficial aspects of PPAR gamma therapy in increasing the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This review highlights the pleotropic effect of PPAR gamma analogs, apart from their antidiabetic action via reduction of oxidative stress, increasing expression of eNOS, reducing level of miR 22, miR 222 levels and positive modulation of rapamycin/Protein kinase B/phosphoinoside3-kinase pathways, preventing the early apoptosis, enhanced mobility proliferation and transformation into mature endothelial cells. PPAR gamma therapy in diabetes regulates endothelial progenitor cells, reduces complications of diabetes like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, deep vein thrombosis, and maintains the healthy vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chhabra
- PharmD Intern, Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical and Allied Medical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Sahin K, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Erten F, Juturu V. Capsaicinoids improve consequences of physical activity. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:598-607. [PMID: 29854630 PMCID: PMC5977905 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids (CAPs) are active compounds in Capsicum fruits. CAPs have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. CAPs with regular exercise may enhance lipid metabolism. CAPs down-regulate muscle SREBP-1c, LXRs, ACLY, FAS in exercised rats.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of capsaicinoids (CAPs) on lipid metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status and the changes in gene products involved in these metabolic functions in exercised rats. A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7) (i) No exercise and no CAPs, (ii) No exercise + CAPs (iii) Regular exercise, (iv) Regular exercise + CAPs. Rats were administered as 0.2 mg capsaicinoids from 10 mg/kg BW/day Capsimax® daily for 8 weeks. A significant decrease in lactate and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the combination of regular exercise and CAPs group (P < 0.0001). Regular exercise + CAPs treated rats had greater nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in muscle than regular exercise and no exercise rats (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, regular exercise + CAPs treated had lower nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and IL-10 levels in muscle than regular exercise and control rats (P < 0.001). Muscle sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptors (LXR), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels in the regular exercise + CAPs group were lower than all groups (P < 0.05). However, muscle PPAR-γ level was higher in the regular exercise and CAPs alone than the no exercise rats. These results suggest CAPs with regular exercise may enhance lipid metabolism by regulation of gene products involved in lipid and antioxidant metabolism including SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, and Nrf2 pathways in rats.
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Key Words
- ACLY, ATP-citrate lyase
- ACS, acetyl-CoA synthetase
- AMPK, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- CAPs, capsaicinoids
- Capsaicinoid
- Exercise
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- HO-1, heme-oxygenase 1
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- LXR-s, liver X receptor-s
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
- PGC-la, peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor c coactivator
- PPAR-γ
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SREBP-1c
- SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein1c
- TC, total serum cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1
- Tfam, mitochondrial transcription factor A
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fusun Erten
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- Research and Development, Clinical Affairs, OmniActive Health Technologies Inc., Morristown, NJ, USA
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Lee JY, Ha J, Yi J, Jang J, Lee W, Lee Y, Oh DY, Han K. Superior single nucleotide polymorphisms that contribute to two main routes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in Korean cattle. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:945-954. [PMID: 30155709 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in livestock has been recognized as an important carcass trait that affects meat quality. To determine the overall positive effect on fatty acid synthesis, we investigated PPARγ, SREBPs, FABP4, SCD, and FASN genes because SNP and/or SNP combinations were strongly affecting each fatty acid synthesis pathway. We screened their SNPs, SNP combinations, and genotype. Furthermore, we studied the economic traits C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and marbling score (MS). To enhance the accuracy of the predictive genetic effect, we applied a statistical adjustment model excluding environmental factors. We also selected superior genes, gene combinations, and genotypes for each economic trait by using multifactor dimensionality reduction. Based on the results, g.3977-325 T>C (CC) was selected as the best genotype of the SNP and the combination (g.10153 A>G, g.3977-325 T>C) (AACC, AGCC, GGCC), (g.3690 G>A, g.3977-325 T>C) (GGCC, GACC), (g.3977-325 T>C, g.25670 C>T) (CCCC, CCCT, CCTT) (genotypes of the best SNP combination) was selected as the best gene combination for C18:1 and MUFA. In addition, g.3977-325 T>C (CC) was selected as the best genotype of the SNP and the combination (g.3977-325 T>C, g.6974 G>A) (TTAA, CTAA, CCAA, CCGA, CCGG) as the best SNP combination for MS. We integrated genes that were selected as excellent SNP and SNP combinations affecting two main routes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway and identified the best and final SNP, SNP combination, and superior genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Statistics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejung Ha
- Livestock Research Institute, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk, 36052, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkoo Yi
- Livestock Research Institute, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk, 36052, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Statistics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseok Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yep Oh
- Livestock Research Institute, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk, 36052, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Huang J, Chen N, Li X, An S, Zhao M, Sun T, Hao R, Ma Y. Two Novel SNPs of PPARγ Significantly Affect Weaning Growth Traits of Nanyang Cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:68-74. [PMID: 28481711 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1304950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor that controls adipocyte differentiation and energy in mammals. Therefore, PPARγ is a potential factor influencing animal growth traits. This study primarily evaluates PPARγ as candidate gene for growth traits of cattle and identifies potential molecular marker for cattle breeding. Per previous studies, PPARγ mRNA was mainly expressed at extremely high levels in adipose tissues as shown by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Three novel SNPs of the bovine PPARγ gene were identified in 514 individuals from six Chinese cattle breeds: SNP1 (AC_000179.1 g.57386668 C > G) in intron 2 and SNP2 (AC_000179.1 g.57431964 C > T) and SNP3 (AC_000179.1 g.57431994 T > C) in exon 7. The present study also investigated genetic characteristics of these SNP loci in six populations. Association analysis showed that SNP1 and SNP3 loci significantly affect weaning growth traits, especially body weight of Nanyang cattle. These results revealed that SNP1 and SNP3 are potential molecular markers for cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Huang
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China.,b Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains , Xinyang , Henan , China.,c College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- c College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A & F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xin Li
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China
| | - Shanshan An
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China
| | - Taihong Sun
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China
| | - Ruijie Hao
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China.,b Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains , Xinyang , Henan , China
| | - Yun Ma
- a College of Life Sciences , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan , China.,b Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains , Xinyang , Henan , China
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Tzeng CY, Lee YC, Chung JJ, Tsai JC, Chen YI, Hsu TH, Lin JG, Lee KR, Chang SL. 15 hz Electroacupuncture at St36 Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Free Fatty Acid Levels in Rats with Chronic Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin Resistance. Acupunct Med 2016; 34:296-301. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in a rat model of chronic steroid-induced insulin resistance (SIIR). Methods An SIIR rat model was created using daily intraperitoneal injections of clinically relevant doses of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) for 5 days to induce chronic insulin resistance. Thirty-six SIIR rats were randomly divided into the SIIR+EA group (n=18), which received 15 Hz EA at ST36 for 60 min, and the SIIR group (n=18), which remained untreated. Plasma glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured in serial blood samples taken without further manipulation (n=6 per group) and during insulin challenge test (ICT, n=6 per group) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT, n=6 per group). Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 were measured using Western blotting and expressed relative to β-actin. Results Following EA, area-under-the-curve (AUC) for glucose was reduced (7340±291 vs 10 705±1474 mg/dL/min, p=0.049) and FFA levels significantly lower at 30/60 min in the SIIR+EA versus SIIR groups. Similar effects on glucose AUC were seen during the ICT (5568±275 vs 7136±594 mg/dL/min, p<0.05) and igVTT (11 498±1398 vs 16 652±1217 mg/dL/min, p<0.01). FFA levels were lower at 30 and/or 60 min in SIIR+EA versus SIIR groups (p<0.01). Relative expression of IRS-1 and GLUT4 were significantly increased by EA (p<0.01). Conclusions EA decreased the FFA level and increased insulin sensitivity in SIIR rats. Further clinical studies are needed to determine whether EA is an effective alternative treatment for the reduction of insulin resistance in patients requiring chronic use of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung city, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng-Ching Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Ying-I Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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10
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Tzeng CY, Lee YC, Ho TY, Chen YI, Hsu TH, Lin JG, Lee KR, Chang SL. Intracellular signalling pathways associated with the glucose-lowering effect of ST36 electroacupuncture in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:395-9. [PMID: 26025382 PMCID: PMC4680132 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous animal studies have reported a glucose-lowering effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and suggested that the mechanisms are closely related to intracellular signalling pathways. The aim of this study was to screen for potential intracellular signalling pathways that are upregulated by EA at ST36 bilaterally in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) using microarray analysis. METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were randomly assigned to experimental (EA, n=8) or control (non-EA, n=8) groups. Plasma glucose levels were measured at baseline and after 30 and 60 min, and microarray analysis was performed on samples of gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS Relative to baseline values, EA significantly reduced plasma levels of glucose at 30 and 60 min. The microarray pathway analysis showed that cell adhesion molecules and type 1 DM gene sets were both upregulated in EA versus non-EA groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cell adhesion molecules might be related to the glucose-lowering effect induced by EA in rats with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes. Further research will be required to examine the involvement of related intracellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-I Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
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11
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The discovery of novel isoflavone pan peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:766-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Jiang ZG, Robson SC, Yao Z. Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biomed Res 2012; 27:1-13. [PMID: 23554788 PMCID: PMC3596749 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A close, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation, but also play an important intracellular role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion. The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metabolism, as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Gordon Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors for therapeutic benefit? Biology, clinical experience, and future prospects. Am Heart J 2012; 164:672-80. [PMID: 23137497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus primarily have been directed at the modification of a single major risk factor; however, in trials that enroll patients with and without diabetes, the absolute risk in CVD events remains higher in patients with diabetes. Efforts to reduce the macrovascular and microvascular residual risk have been directed toward a multifactorial CVD risk-factor modification; nonetheless, long-term complications remain high. Dual-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ agonists may offer opportunities to lower macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond the reductions achieved with conventional risk-factor modification. The information presented elucidates the differentiation of compound-specific vs class-effect properties of PPARs as the basis for future development of a new candidate molecule. Prior experience with thiazolidinediones, an approved class of PPARγ agonists, and glitazars, investigational class of dual-PPARα/γ agonists, also provides important lessons about the risks and benefits of targeting a nuclear receptor while revealing some of the future challenges for regulatory approval.
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14
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Fan YY, Fu GW, Fu CZ, Zan LS, Tian WQ. A missense mutant of the PPAR-γ gene associated with carcass and meat quality traits in Chinese cattle breeds. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:3781-8. [PMID: 22930427 DOI: 10.4238/2012.august.17.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a key molecule in adipocyte differentitation; it transactivates multiple target genes in lipid metabolic pathways. Using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing, we evaluated a potential association of an SNP (72472 G﹥T in exon7) of the bovine PPAR-γ gene with carcass and meat quality traits in 660 individuals from five Chinese indigenous cattle breeds, Qinchuan (QC), Luxi (LX), Nanyang (NY), Jiaxian (JX), and Xianan (XN). This 72472 G﹥T mutation identified a missense mutation, Q448H. Two alleles were named C and D. Allele frequencies of PPAR-γ-C/D in the five breeds were 0.7815/0.2185, 0.9/0.1, 0.7442/0.2558, 0.7051/0.2949, and 0.8333/0.1667 for QC, NY, JX, LX, and XN, respectively. Except for the XN breed, all breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus. The polymorphism information content was low for NY and XN (0.16 and 0.24, respectively), while it was moderately high for QC, JX, and LX (0.28, 0.31 and 0.33, respectively). Correlation analysis showed significant association of this missense mutation with carcass length, backfat thickness and water holding capacity in the QC breed. Animals with the genotype CD had significantly greater carcass length than those with genotypes CC and DD, while animals with genotype CC had significantly greater backfat thickness than those with genotypes CD and DD. Animals with genotype CC had lower water holding capacity than those with the genotypes CD and DD. In conclusion, this locus is a candidate for a major quantitative trait locus affecting production traits and could be used for beef breeding selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Fan
- College Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
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15
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Ying Z, Desikan R, Xu X, Maiseyeu A, Liu C, Sun Q, Ziouzenkova O, Parthasarathy S, Rajagopalan S. Modified methylenedioxyphenol analogs lower LDL cholesterol through induction of LDL receptor expression. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:879-887. [PMID: 22355094 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m022806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although statin therapy is a cornerstone of current low density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering strategies, there is a need for additional therapies to incrementally lower plasma LDL cholesterol. In this study, we investigated the effect of several methylenedioxyphenol derivatives in regulating LDL cholesterol through induction of LDL receptor (LDLR). INV-403, a modified methylenedioxyphenol derivative, increased LDLR mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. These effects were apparent even under conditions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. Electrophoresis migration shift assays demonstrated that INV-403 activates SREBP2 but not SREBP1c, with immunoblot analysis showing an increased expression of the mature form of SREBP2. Knockdown of SREBP2 reduced the effect of INV-403 on LDLR expression. The activation of SREBP2 by INV-403 is partly mediated by Akt/GSK3β pathways through inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent degradation by ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Treatment of C57Bl/6j mice with INV-403 for two weeks increased hepatic SREBP2 levels (mature form) and upregulated LDLR with concomitant lowering of plasma LDL levels. Transient expression of a LDLR promoter-reporter construct, a SRE-mutant LDLR promoter construct, and a SRE-only construct in HepG2 cells revealed an effect predominantly through a SRE-dependent mechanism. INV-403 lowered plasma LDL cholesterol levels through LDLR upregulation. These results indicate a role for small molecule approaches other than statins for lowering LDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekang Ying
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | | | - Xiaohua Xu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Ouiliana Ziouzenkova
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | | | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and.
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16
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AVE8134, a novel potent PPARα agonist, improves lipid profile and glucose metabolism in dyslipidemic mice and type 2 diabetic rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:82-90. [PMID: 22212431 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM AVE8134 is a structurally novel potent PPARα agonist. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of AVE8134 on lipid profile and glucose metabolism in dyslipidemic mice and type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS A cell based PPAR Gal4 transactivation assay was constructed for testing the activities of AVE8134 at 3 different PPAR isoforms in vitro. Transgenic human Apo A1 (hApo A1) mice and insulin-resistant ZDF rats were used to evaluate the effects of AVE8134 in vivo. RESULTS AVE8134 was a full PPARα dominated PPAR agonist (the values of EC(50) for human and rodent PPARα receptor were 0.01 and 0.3 μmol/L, respectively). AVE8134 was not active at PPARδ receptor. In female hApo A1 mice, AVE8134 (1-30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po for 12 d) dose-dependently lowered the plasma triglycerides, and increased the serum HDL-cholesterol, hApo A1 and mouse Apo E levels. In female ZDF rats, AVE8134 (3-30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) for 2 weeks) improved insulin-sensitivity index. In pre-diabetic male ZDF rats (at the age of 7 weeks), AVE8134 (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) for 8 weeks) produced an anti-diabetic action comparable to rosiglitazone, without the PPARγ mediated adverse effects on body weight and heart weight. In male ZDF rats (at the age of 6 weeks), AVE8134 (20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) for 12 weeks) increased mRNA levels of the target genes LPL and PDK4 about 20 fold in the liver, and there was no relevant effect with rosiglitazone. CONCLUSION AVE8134 improves lipid profile and glucose metabolism in dyslipidemic mice and type 2 diabetic rats.
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17
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Thakur G, Pal K, Mitra A, Mukherjee S, Basak A, Rousseau D. Some Common Antidiabetic Plants of the Indian Subcontinent. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.496024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Azhar S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2010; 6:657-91. [PMID: 20932114 PMCID: PMC3246744 DOI: 10.2217/fca.10.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors including insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension that markedly increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) isotypes, PPARα, PPARδ/ß and PPARγ are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, which modulate the expression of an array of genes that play a central role in regulating glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, where imbalance can lead to obesity, T2DM and CVD. They are also drug targets, and currently, PPARα (fibrates) and PPARγ (thiazolodinediones) agonists are in clinical use for treating dyslipidemia and T2DM, respectively. These metabolic characteristics of the PPARs, coupled with their involvement in metabolic diseases, mean extensive efforts are underway worldwide to develop new and efficacious PPAR-based therapies for the treatment of additional maladies associated with the MetS. This article presents an overview of the functional characteristics of three PPAR isotypes, discusses recent advances in our understanding of the diverse biological actions of PPARs, particularly in the vascular system, and summarizes the developmental status of new single, dual, pan (multiple) and partial PPAR agonists for the clinical management of key components of MetS, T2DM and CVD. It also summarizes the clinical outcomes from various clinical trials aimed at evaluating the atheroprotective actions of currently used fibrates and thiazolodinediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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19
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Zhong H, Yang X, Kaplan LM, Molony C, Schadt EE. Integrating pathway analysis and genetics of gene expression for genome-wide association studies. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:581-91. [PMID: 20346437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have achieved great success identifying common genetic variants associated with common human diseases. However, to date, the massive amounts of data generated from GWAS have not been maximally leveraged and integrated with other types of data to identify associations beyond those associations that meet the stringent genome-wide significance threshold. Here, we present a novel approach that leverages information from genetics of gene expression studies to identify biological pathways enriched for expression-associated genetic loci associated with disease in publicly available GWAS results. Specifically, we first identify SNPs in population-based human cohorts that associate with the expression of genes (eSNPs) in the metabolically active tissues liver, subcutaneous adipose, and omental adipose. We then use this functionally annotated set of SNPs to investigate pathways enriched for eSNPs associated with disease in publicly available GWAS data. As an example, we tested 110 pathways from the Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and identified 16 pathways enriched for genes corresponding to eSNPs that show evidence of association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) T2D GWAS. We then replicated these findings in the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) study. Many of the pathways identified have been proposed as important candidate pathways for T2D, including the calcium signaling pathway, the PPAR signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling. Importantly, we identified other pathways not previously associated with T2D, including the tight junction, complement and coagulation pathway, and antigen processing and presentation pathway. The integration of pathways and eSNPs provides putative functional bridges between GWAS and candidate genes or pathways, thus serving as a potential powerful approach to identifying biological mechanisms underlying GWAS findings.
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20
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Three novel SNPs in the coding region of PPARγ gene and their associations with meat quality traits in cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:131-7. [PMID: 20306301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates adipogenesis and many other biological processes. In the present study, we carried out PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing analyses to examine SNPs in coding region of the PPARγ gene. A total of 660 individuals from five Chinese cattle breeds were genotyped. We identified three SNPs and their associations with meat quality traits were analyzed in 108 Qinchuan cattle. Two missense mutations and one synonymous mutation were found: 200 A>G (genotypes AA, AB and BB) resulting in D7G change, the silent substitution 42895 C>T (genotypes JJ and JI) and 72472 G>T (genotypes CC, DC and DD) producing Q448H change, respectively. The frequencies of PPARγ-A allele were 0.86, 0.83, 0.80, 0.72 and 0.87 for Qinchuan, Nanyang, Jiaxian, Luxi and Xianan populations, respectively. The frequencies of PPARγ-J allele varied from 0.87 to 0.96 in the five populations. In the 72472 G>T locus, the frequencies of PPARγ-C allele were higher than PPARγ-D allele in the five populations, and ranged from 0.58 to 0.82. Least squares analysis revealed that in 42895 C>T locus, there was a significant effect on tenderness in 18-20 months Qinchuan cattle (P<0.01), and in the 72472 G>T locus, animals with the genotype DC had lower mean values than these with genotype CC (P<0.01) for back fat thickness in 18-20 months, and animals with the genotype DD had lower mean values than these with genotypes CC and DC (P<0.01) for water holding capacity in 21-24 months (P<0.01). The SNPs we have identified may contribute to establishing a more efficient selection program for improving of genetic characteristics in indigenous Chinese cattle.
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Kumari R, Willing LB, Patel SD, Krady JK, Zavadoski WJ, Gibbs EM, Vannucci SJ, Simpson IA. The PPAR-gamma agonist, darglitazone, restores acute inflammatory responses to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the diabetic ob/ob mouse. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010; 30:352-60. [PMID: 19861974 PMCID: PMC2949120 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an increased risk factor for stroke and results in increased brain damage in experimental animals and humans. The precise mechanisms are unclear, but our earlier studies in the db/db mice suggested that the cerebral inflammatory response initiating recovery was both delayed and diminished in the diabetic mice compared with the nondiabetic db/+ mice. In this study, we investigated the actions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist darglitazone in treating diabetes and promoting recovery after a hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) insult in the diabetic ob/ob mouse. Male ob/+ and ob/ob mice received darglitazone (1 mg/kg) for 7 days before induction of H/I. Darglitazone restored euglycemia and normalized elevated corticosterone, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels. Darglitazone dramatically reduced the infarct size in the ob/ob mice at 24 h of recovery compared with the untreated group (30+/-13% to 3.3+/-1.6%, n=6 to 8) but did not show any significant effect in the ob/+ mice. Microglial and astrocytic activation monitored by cytokine expression (interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and in situ hybridization studies (bfl1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein) suggest a biphasic inflammatory response, with darglitazone restoring the compromised proinflammatory response(s) in the diabetic mouse at 4 h but suppressing subsequent inflammatory responses at 8 and 24 h in both control and diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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Abstract
Fenofibrate is a PPAR-alpha agonist indicated for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia, and is approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, lipid abnormalities commonly observed in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including Type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndromes. Treatment with fenofibrate lowers triglycerides, raises HDL-cholesterol and decreases concentrations of small LDL-cholesterol particles and apolipoprotein B. Fenofibrate is particularly effective for reducing postprandial VLDL and LDL particle concentrations, and the increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response that occurs after a fatty meal. In addition, nonlipid pleiotropic effects mediated by PPAR-alpha are likely to contribute to the reduction in atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular events, and have beneficial effects on diabetes-related microvascular diseases. While current approaches to treating dyslipidemia to prevent cardiovascular diseases focus on statin therapy, it is increasingly clear that substantial residual risk persists. The clinical significance of combination therapy with fenofibrate and a statin to macrovascular and microvascular risk is being evaluated in a large outcomes study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosenson
- Lipoprotein Disorders and Clinical Atherosclerosis Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Triglycerides and cardiovascular events in ACS: the need for combined lipid-altering therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 6:98-100. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Franssen R, Visser ME, Kuivenhoven JA, Kastelein JJP, Dallinga-Thie GM, Stroes ESG. Role of lipoprotein lipase in triglyceride metabolism: potential therapeutic target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.3.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Sacristán D, Marques M, Zamorano-León JJ, Luque M, Armengol J, Del Castillo J, Martín J, Delpón E, Ramos-Mozo P, de Prada TP, Tamargo J, Barrientos A, Macaya C, López-Farré A. Modifications by Olmesartan medoxomil treatment of the platelet protein profile of moderate hypertensive patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:1300-12. [PMID: 21136924 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil is a new angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) which exhibits pleiotropic effects that are not fully understood. Our aims were: i) to determine the effect of Olmesartan medoxomil on blood pressure, lipid profile and renal functionality in moderately hypertensive patients with non-controlled blood pressure, ii) to determine if Olmesartan medoxomil may exert anti-inflammatory effects and modify the expression profile of platelet proteins. Thirteen moderate hypertensive patients with non-controlled systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal function classified as Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative stage 2-3 were included. Patients were treated with Olmesartan medoxomil (20 mg/day) for 6 months. SBP, proteinuria and the plasma levels of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were reduced after the treatment. Olmesartan medoxomil did not modify the circulating plasma levels of a number of proteins associated with inflammation, but reduced the expression level of different platelet proteins including tropomyosin-β chain isotypes 3 and 4, serotransferrin isotypes 1 to 5, the leukocyte elastase inhibitor and the chloride intracellular channel-protein isotype 1. The expression of the gelsolin precursor isotype 4 was increased in the platelets after the treatment. In summary, Olmesartan medoxomil reduced SBP, total and LDL-cholesterol plasma levels and urinary protein excretion and induced changes in the expression of platelet proteins which may be related to some action of the drug at the megakaryocyte level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sacristán
- Cardiovascular Research Unit of the Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:314-21. [PMID: 18460925 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328303e27e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lan MJ, Yuan P, Chen G, Manji HK. Neuronal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling: regulation by mood-stabilizer valproate. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 35:225-34. [PMID: 18437585 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (Depakote) remains an effective medication for the prevention and treatment of seizures in epilepsy and of mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. Both of these disorders are severe and debilitating, and both warrant further medication options as well as a better understanding of the side effects associated with their current treatments. Although a number of molecular and cellular processes have been found to be altered by valproate, the medication's therapeutic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this paper, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling was examined to determine valproate's effects on this transcriptional regulatory system in neuronal tissue. PPAR signaling has been found to affect a number of biochemical processes, including lipid metabolism, cellular differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and cell survival. When primary neuronal cultures were treated with valproate, a significant decrease in PPARgamma signaling was observed. This effect was demonstrated through a change in nuclear quantities of PPARgamma receptor and decreased DNA binding of the receptor. Valproate also caused gene expression changes and a change to the peroxisome biochemistry consistent with a decrease of PPARgamma signaling. These biochemical changes may have functional consequences for either valproate's therapeutic mechanism or for its neurological side effects and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Fröde TS, Medeiros YS. Animal models to test drugs with potential antidiabetic activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:173-83. [PMID: 18068921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although medicinal plants have been historically used for diabetes treatment throughout the world, few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Recently, a large diversity of animal models has been developed to better understand the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and new drugs have been introduced in the market to treat this disease. The aim of this work was to review the available animal models of diabetes and some in vitro models which have been used as tools to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with potential antidiabetic properties. In addition, a MEDLINE/PUBMED search for articles on natural products, pancreatectomy and diabetes mellitus treatment published between 1996 and 2006 was done. In the majority of the studies, natural products mainly derived from plants have been tested in diabetes models induced by chemical agents. This review contributes to the researcher in the ethnopharmacology field to designs new strategies for the development of novel drugs to treat this serious condition that constitutes a global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Fröde
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and the metabolic syndrome. Physiol Behav 2007; 94:187-97. [PMID: 18191967 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing. This syndrome is characterized by metabolic disturbances, such as abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a low-grade inflammatory state. PPARs play an important role in these metabolic processes, which makes them effective targets for treatment and prevention of the metabolic syndrome. Synthetic PPAR agonists, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones are already used to treat hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Besides synthetic ligands, dietary fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives can also bind to an activate PPARs. As demonstrated with ligand-binding assays, PPARs have a clear preference of binding polyunsaturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids are also very effective in binding PPARs, whereas saturated fatty acids are poor PPAR binders. However, ligand binding does not necessarily mean transcriptional activation. Therefore, it is important to investigate transactivation properties of dietary fatty acids as PPAR agonists and their role in metabolic reactions. Furthermore, human intervention studies comparing the effects of natural versus synthetic ligands side-by-side may reveal specific fatty acids that exert beneficial PPAR-mediated metabolic effects. The ability of PPARs to sense fatty acids and to mediate lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and the inflammatory state makes them excellent targets for dietary modulation in order to prevent and treat the metabolic syndrome and associated diseases. This review discusses the role and function of PPARs and their ligands in light of the metabolic syndrome.
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