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Zonta MA, Liljander A, Roque KB, Schillert A, Kai M, dos Santo FA, de Freitas GP, Soane M, Cavalar M, Janaudis G, Shio MT. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and human papillomavirus in cervical samples from incarcerated women in São Paulo, Brazil: a retrospective single-center study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1353845. [PMID: 39109153 PMCID: PMC11300339 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause considerable morbidity worldwide and, depending on the specific pathogen, may lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Incarcerated women are particularly vulnerable to health problems with a disproportionate high rate of STIs, including infections with human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods Here, cervical swab samples collected from 299 women (18 to 64 years) living in one of the women's prisons of São Paulo, Brazil were submitted for liquid-based cytology to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions. Furthermore, direct detection of 30 genital HPV genotypes (18 high-risk and 12 low-risk types) and 11 additional STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma parvum and urealyticum) were performed by molecular typing using two PCR-based DNA microarray systems, i.e., EUROArray HPV and EUROArray STI (EUROIMMUN), respectively. Results The overall prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 5.8%, including five women with low-grade and five women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The overall prevalence of HPV was 62.2, and 87.1% of the HPV-positive women were infected with oncogenic high-risk (HR) HPV types. HPV types 16 (24.1%), 33 and 52 (both 10.4%) were the most frequently detected. The prevalence of the other STIs was 72.8%. Up to four different pathogens were found in the infected women, the most frequent being Ureaplasma parvum (45.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (36.2%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (24.8%). Conclusion The high number of HR-HPV infections and other STIs described here highlights the fact that the Brazilian female prison population requires more attention in the country's health policies. The implementation of screening programs and treatment measures might contribute to a decrease in the incidence of STIs and cervical cancer in this vulnerable population. However, for such measures to be effective, further studies are needed to investigate the best practice to get more women to engage in in-prison prevention programs, e.g., through offering further sexual health education and self-sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Zonta
- Inside Diagnosis, Research and Development S.A., São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne Liljander
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karina B. Roque
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arne Schillert
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marco Kai
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Michel Soane
- EUROIMMUN Brasil – EUROInstitute, São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
| | - Markus Cavalar
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gustavo Janaudis
- Inside Diagnosis, Research and Development S.A., São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Tiemi Shio
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Manahan KMS, De Guzman AR, Segarra AB, Sucaldito MN, Martinez REC. Establishing an early warning surveillance system in jails in Calabarzon, the Philippines, 2021. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2024; 15:1-7. [PMID: 38957231 PMCID: PMC11217613 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2024.15.2.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Philippines' Republic Act 11332 (2020) mandates prisons, jails and detention centres to participate in disease surveillance, but currently no surveillance system exists in these facilities. This report aims to describe the piloting of an early warning disease surveillance system in 21 selected jails in Calabarzon from July to September 2021. Sites were selected based on congestion, proximity to health facilities and logistical capacity. Data sources, collection mechanisms and reporting tools were determined and health personnel were trained in the operation of the system. During the implementation period, the system detected 10 health events, with influenza-like illness and foodborne illness being the most common. Nine of these events were reported within 24 hours. The local health unit provided medications for clinical management and instructed jail nurses on infection prevention and control measures, including active case finding, the isolation of cases and the inspection of food handling. Twelve sites reported over 8 of the 10 weeks, with all sites reporting zero cases promptly. The challenges identified included insufficient workforce, slow internet speed and multitasking. It was concluded that the jail-based early warning surveillance system is feasible and functional, but the perceived benefits of jail management are crucial to the acceptability and ownership of the system. It is recommended to replicate the surveillance system in other penitentiaries nationwide.
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Bergman A, McGee K, Farley J, Kwong J, McNabb K, Voss J. Combating Stigma in the Era of Monkeypox-Is History Repeating Itself? J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:668-675. [PMID: 36198116 PMCID: PMC10339158 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with HIV (PWH) perceive, internalize, and experience significant stigma from family members, health care providers, and community members because of their sexual behaviors. The current monkeypox (MPX) outbreak is affecting both communities. The pandemic has spread to 89 countries with more than 31,000 confirmed cases, and global agencies are concerned about how the disease is portrayed in the media. This article will introduce MPX and its associated stigmas, providing a brief theoretical perspective on adaptive behaviors and nursing interventions to mitigate stigma. This is followed by a case-based description of the current experiences of an MSM with MPX. We will discuss stigma prevention strategies from an adaptation and mitigation perspective. We conclude with how nurses can contribute to stigma prevention for individuals with MPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Bergman
- Alanna Bergman, MSN, AGNP-BC, AAHIVS, is a PhD candidate, Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Kara McGee, DMS, MSPH, PA-C, AAHIVS, is an Associate Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Katherine McNabb, MSM, RN, is a PhD candidate, Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Jason Farley, PhD, MPH, ANP-BC, FAAN, AACRN, is an Endowed Professor of Nursing Innovation and Leadership, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Jeffrey Kwong, DNP, MPH, AGPCNP-BC, ACRN, FAANP, FAAN, is a Professor, Rutgers School of Nursing, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Joachim Voss, PhD, RN, ACRN, FAAN, is a Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zielinski MJ, Cowell M, Bull CE, Veluvolu M, Behne MF, Nowotny K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Policy and public communication methods among U.S. state prisons during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:27. [PMID: 36048251 PMCID: PMC9435413 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, our research team monitored and documented policy changes in United States (U.S.) prison systems. Data sources included prison websites and official prison social media accounts. Over 2500 data sources relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. prisons were located and summarized in to five different categories: 1) prevention, 2) case identification and intervention, 3) movement, 4) social communication and connection, and 5) programming, recreation, and privileges. RESULTS All state prison systems reportedly enacted multiple policies intended to limit the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Document analysis revealed that the most commonly released policies were restrictions on social contacts and privileges, basic preventive measures (e.g., distribution of masks), and basic case identification measures (e.g., verbal screening and temperature checks). Utilization of social media for policy communication varied significantly across states, though relevant data was more often released on Facebook than Twitter. CONCLUSIONS Together, our work provides foundational knowledge on the wide breadth of policies that were reportedly enacted in the first year of the pandemic that may be used as a base for quantitative work on policy effectiveness and examinations of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Zielinski
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Mariah Cowell
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chelsey E Bull
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Manasa Veluvolu
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Forrest Behne
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Nowotny
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Maner M, Omori M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Beckwith CG, Nowotny K. Infectious disease surveillance in U.S. jails: Findings from a national survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272374. [PMID: 36006896 PMCID: PMC9409583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While infectious diseases (ID) are a well-documented public health issue in carceral settings, research on ID screening and treatment in jails is lacking. A survey was sent to 1,126 jails in the United States to identify the prevalence of health screenings at intake and characteristics of care for ID; 371 surveys were completed correctly and analyzed. Despite conflicting Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidance, only seven percent of surveyed jails test individuals for HIV at admission. In 46% of jails, non-healthcare personnel perform ID screenings. Jails in less urban areas were more likely to report healthcare screenings performed by correctional officers. Survey findings indicate that HIV, HCV and TB testing during jail admissions and access to PrEP are severely lacking in less urban jails in particular. Recommendations are provided to improve ID surveillance and address the burden of ID in correctional facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Maner
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marisa Omori
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Curt G. Beckwith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Nowotny
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
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Kaplowitz E, Truong AQ, Berk J, Martin RA, Clarke JG, Wieck M, Rich J, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Treatment preference for opioid use disorder among people who are incarcerated. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 137:108690. [PMID: 34930575 PMCID: PMC9686073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The devastating overdose crisis remains a leading cause of death in the United States, especially among individuals involved in the criminal legal system. Currently, three classes (opioid agonist, partial agonist-antagonist, and antagonist) of FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) exist, yet few correctional settings offer any medication treatment for people who are incarcerated. Facilities that do often provide only one medication. METHODS We conducted 40 semi-structured qualitative interviews with individuals receiving MOUD incarcerated at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. RESULTS Results from this study indicate that people who are incarcerated have preferences for certain types of MOUD. Individuals' preferences were influenced by medication side effects, route of administration, delivery in the community, and stigma. CONCLUSION MOUD programs in the community and in correctional settings should use a patient-centered approach that allows choice of medication by offering all FDA-approved MOUD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Kaplowitz
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose, The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Ashley Q Truong
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Berk
- Rhode Island Department of Correction, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Morgan Wieck
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Josiah Rich
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose, The Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Spaulding AC, Rabeeah Z, Del Mar González-Montalvo M, Akiyama MJ, Baker BJ, Bauer HM, Gibson BR, Nijhawan AE, Parvez F, Wangu Z, Chan PA. Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:S193-S217. [PMID: 35416974 PMCID: PMC9989347 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Admissions to jails and prisons in the United States number 10 million yearly; persons entering locked correctional facilities have high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These individuals come disproportionately from communities of color, with lower access to care and prevention, compared with the United States as a whole. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors present results of a systematic review of literature published since 2012 on STIs in US jails, prisons, Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention centers, and juvenile facilities. This updates an earlier review of STIs in short-term facilities. This current review contributed to new recommendations in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021 treatment guidelines for STIs, advising screening for Trichomonas in women entering correctional facilities. The current review also synthesizes recommendations on screening: in particular, opt-out testing is superior to opt-in protocols. Carceral interventions-managing diagnosed cases and preventing new infections from occurring (eg, by initiating human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis before release)-can counteract structural racism in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Spaulding
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zainab Rabeeah
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Brenda J Baker
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heidi M Bauer
- California Correctional Health Care Services, Elk Grove, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brent R Gibson
- National Commission on Correctional Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Farah Parvez
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Field Services Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Zoon Wangu
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Field Services Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center & UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Ratelle STD/HIV Prevention Training Center, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences at the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of STD Elimination, National Centers for Disease Control and Elimination, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Barvo M, James N, Ayyaz M. Disseminated Cryptococcus in an immunocompetent patient due to prison yard pigeon exposure. IDCases 2021; 26:e01285. [PMID: 34589412 PMCID: PMC8461368 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic infection by Cryptococcus is one of the most common occurrences in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS); however, it is a very rare discovery in the immunocompetent. This encapsulated, aerobic fungus can be found in bird droppings, the soil, or on trees, and breathing the spores can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, skin lesions, or disseminate throughout the body. We discuss the unique presentation of an immunocompetent former inmate who was admitted to the hospital due to symptoms of dyspnea and fever. After a thorough history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis. The patient has since made a complete recovery and was discharged home after receiving careful medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barvo
- School of Medicine, Trinity Medical Sciences University, Roswell, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coliseum Medical Center, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Muhammad Ayyaz
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Coliseum Medical Center/Clinical Assistant Coordinator Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA
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Severe M, Scheidell JD, Dyer TV, Brewer RA, Negri A, Turpin RE, Young KE, Hucks-Ortiz C, Cleland CM, Mayer KH, Khan MR. Lifetime Burden of Incarceration and Violence, Internalized Homophobia, and HIV/STI Risk Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the HPTN 061 Study. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1507-1517. [PMID: 32797357 PMCID: PMC8022355 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) have disproportionate HIV/STI acquisition risk. Incarceration may increase exposure to violence and exacerbate psychosocial vulnerabilities, including internalized homophobia, which are associated with HIV/STI acquisition risk. Using data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 (N = 1553), we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between lifetime burden of incarceration and HIV/STI risk outcomes. We measured associations between incarceration and HIV/STI risk outcomes with hypothesized mediators of recent violence victimization and internalized homophobia. Compared to those never incarcerated, those with 3-9 or ≥ 10 incarcerations had approximately 10% higher prevalence of multiple partnerships. Incarceration burden was associated with selling sex (1-2 incarcerations: APR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.14-2.03; 3-9: APR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.35-2.33; ≥ 10: APR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.37-2.51) and buying sex (≥ 10 incarcerations APR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.18-2.75). Compared to never incarcerated, 1-2 incarcerations appeared to be associated with current chlamydia (APR: 1.47, 95% CI 0.98-2.20) and 3-9 incarcerations appeared to be associated with current syphilis (APR: 1.46, 95% CI 0.92-2.30). Incarceration was independently associated with violence, which in turn was a correlate of transactional sex. Longitudinal research is warranted to clarify the role of incarceration in violence and HIV/STI risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacRegga Severe
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, #617J, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Joy D Scheidell
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, #617J, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Typhanye V Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Alberta Negri
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, #617J, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rodman E Turpin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kailyn E Young
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, #617J, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Charles M Cleland
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, #617J, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Maria R Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th St, #617J, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Carvalho IDS, Mendes RCMG, Melo PDOC, Simões CF, Leal LP, Guedes TG, Ormeno GIR, Linhares FMP. Effect of interventions based on educational technologies on the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043373. [PMID: 33858868 PMCID: PMC8055134 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prisons are places with high vulnerability and high risk for the development of sexually transmitted infections. World Health Agencies recommend establishing intervention measures, such as information and education, on the prevention of diseases. Thus, technologies as tools for health education have been used to reduce sexually transmitted infections. However, no systematic review has investigated the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, this review's objective is to examine the effect of educational technologies used for preventing sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be strictly followed. The following electronic databases will be searched: Scopus; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Education Resources Information Center, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Randomised clinical trials of interventions that used educational technologies to prevent sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated women will be searched in the databases from the beginning of 2020 until December by two researchers independently. A narrative synthesis will be constructed for all included studies, and if there are sufficient data, a meta-analysis will be performed using the Review Manager software (V.5.3). Continuous results will be presented as the weighted mean difference or the standardised mean difference with 95% CIs. Under the heterogeneity of the included studies, a random-effects or fixed-effects model will be used. The studies' heterogeneity will be assessed by the I2 method. The sensitivity analysis will be carried out to examine the magnitude of each study's influence on the general results. A significance level of p≤0.05 will be adopted. ETHICS AND DISCLOSURE Ethical approval is not required because no primary data will be collected. The results will be published in journals reviewed by peers. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020163820.
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Emerson A, Allison M, Saldana L, Kelly PJ, Ramaswamy M. Collaborating to offer HPV vaccinations in jails: results from a pre-implementation study in four states. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 33827560 PMCID: PMC8028758 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctional facilities are an underutilized venue for reaching young adults who have not vaccinated for human papillomavirus (HPV). The objective of this study was to identify factors that are associated with jail and local health department (LHD) interest in partnering to offer HPV vaccinations to young adults in jail. METHODS Consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR)-guided surveys were conducted with jail administrators in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, September 2017-October 2018. Jail survey data were analyzed using chi square distribution and relative risk regression. Using data from sister surveys conducted with LHD administrators in the same counties (results previously reported), we identified characteristics of counties in which both the jail and LHD indicated interest in collaborating to offer HPV vaccinations in the jail. RESULTS Jail survey response was 192/347 (55.3%). Surveys with LHDs yielded 237/344 (68.9%) responses. Eleven communities were identified where both the jail and LHD expressed interest. Only "any vaccines provided in jail" predicted shared interest (RR: 5.36; CI: 2.52-11.40; p < .01). For jail administrators, offering other vaccines was 3 times (CI:1.49-6.01; p < .01) and employing a nurse 1.65 times more likely (CI: 1.20-2.28; p < .01) to predict interest in collaborating to offer HPV vaccination. Open-ended responses indicated that managing linkages and stakeholder investment were areas of emphasis where collaborations to provide vaccinations in the jails had been previously implemented. CONCLUSIONS Interest in jail-LHD partnerships to provide HPV vaccinations in jails exists in the Midwest but will require building-out existing programs and linkages and identifying and strengthening shared values, goals, and benefits at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Emerson
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Molly Allison
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Lisa Saldana
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd., Eugene, Oregon, 97401, USA
| | - Patricia J Kelly
- Jefferson School of Nursing, Thomas Jefferson University, Center City Campus, 901 Walnut Street, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Megha Ramaswamy
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Mekonnen B, Hailemariam S, Ejigu A, Shifera N, Simieneh A. Preparedness and Readiness Against COVID-19 Pandemic in Prison Institutions and Detention Centers in Southwest Ethiopia. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:337-346. [PMID: 33564262 PMCID: PMC7866933 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s287066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisons and detention centers in Ethiopia lack adequate hand washing, personal protective equipment, and quarantine areas. As a result, they are vulnerable to the expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its high risk for the COVID-19 pandemic, no study has been made to assess the preparedness and readiness in prison institutions and detention centers. METHODS A cross-sectional study design mixed with a qualitative approach was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020. A total of four prison institutions and 17 detention centers were included in the study. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the institutions. The data were entered into the EpiData and exported to SPSS Windows version 22 for data management and analysis. Descriptive statistics was employed for the quantitative section and content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS Five out of 17 detention centers and three out of four prison facilities did not fulfill the standards related to human rights. Almost all detention centers and prison facilities did not implement recommended activities of risk assessment and management of COVID-19. In addition, none of the prison facilities and detention centers had quick access to laboratory tests for suspected cases. Neither the prison facilities nor the detention centers had a contingency plan for the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, all staff working in prison facilities and detention centers mentioned that training regarding COVID-19 had not yet been given. However, in all prisons and detention centers, preventive measures such as physical distancing, utilization of hand washing facilities, wearing masks, and keeping respiratory hygiene were not practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besufekad Mekonnen
- Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Southern Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia
| | - Shewangizaw Hailemariam
- Department of Midwifery, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Southern Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Ejigu
- Department of Midwifery, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Southern Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusie Shifera
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Southern Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Simieneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Southern Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia
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Chang J, Agliata J, Guarinieri M. COVID-19 - Enacting a 'new normal' for people who use drugs. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 83:102832. [PMID: 32654930 PMCID: PMC7332951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has magnified existing social, economic and political inequities. People who use drugs are particularly vulnerable due to criminalisation and stigma and often experience underlying health conditions, higher rates of poverty, unemployment and homelessness, as well as a lack of access to vital resources – putting them at greater risk of infection. On the other hand, COVID-19 presents an opportunity to confront the mistakes of the past and re-negotiate a new social contract. The International Network of People who use Drugs (INPUD) believe that this crisis must be an occasion to rethink the function of punishment, to reform the system and to work towards ending the war on drugs. This commentary presents a set of recommendations to UN agencies, governments, donor agencies, academics, researchers and civil society, challenging these actors to work alongside people who use drugs to enact a new reality based on solidarity and cooperation, protection of health, restoration of rights and dignity and most importantly to mobilise to win the peace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Chang
- International Network of People who use Drugs, London, UK.
| | - Jake Agliata
- International Network of People who use Drugs, London, UK
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Crowley D, Cullen W, Lambert JS, Van Hout MC. Competing priorities and second chances - A qualitative exploration of prisoners' journeys through the Hepatitis C continuum of care. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222186. [PMID: 31509571 PMCID: PMC6738615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of undiagnosed and untreated HCV infection exist in prison populations globally. Prisons are a key location to identify, treat and prevent HCV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). Understanding prisoners’ lived experiences of the HCV continuum of care informs how HCV care can be effectively delivered to this marginalised and high-risk population. This study aimed to explore Irish prisoners’ experience of prison and community-based HCV care. We conducted one-to-one interviews with 25 male prisoners with chronic HCV infection. Data collection and analysis was informed by grounded theory. The mean age of participants and first incarceration was 39.5 and 18.3 years respectively. The mean number of incarcerations was eight. The following themes were identified: medical and social factors influencing engagement (fear of treatment and lack of knowledge, HCV relevance and competing priorities), adverse impact of HCV on health and wellness, positive experience of prison life and health care and the transformative clinical and non-clinical changes associated with HCV treatment and cure. Findings suggest that prison release was associated with multiple stressors including homelessness and drug dependence which quickly eroded the health benefits gained during incarceration. The study generated a substantive theory of the need to increase the importance of HCV care among the routine competing priorities associated with the lives of PWID. HCV infected prisoners often lead complex lives and understanding their journeys through the HCV continuum can inform the development of meaningful HCV care pathways. Many challenges exist to optimising HCV treatment uptake in this group and incarceration is an opportunity to successfully engage HCV infected prisoners who underutilise and are underserved by community-based medical services. Support and linkage to care on release is essential to optimising HCV management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Crowley
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Walter Cullen
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John S. Lambert
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Hawk M, Maulsby C, Enobun B, Kinsky S. HIV Treatment Cascade by Housing Status at Enrollment: Results from a Retention in Care Cohort. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:765-775. [PMID: 30334234 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Though housing instability is linked to poor HIV health outcomes, studies that assess the HIV treatment cascade by housing status are limited. Using data from a multi-site Retention in Care initiative we constructed HIV treatment cascades for participants (n = 463) of five grantee sites. We found no significant differences in viral suppression at follow-up among participants who were unstably housed at enrollment (49%) as compared to those who were stably housed at enrollment (54%). Among participants with available data at 6- or 12-month follow-up, 94% were engaged in care, 90% were retained in, 94% were on ART, and 71% had suppressed viral load. Some site-level differences were noted; at two of the sites participants who were stably housed were more likely to be retained in care and on ART. Overall, findings demonstrated that participants moved successfully through the HIV treatment cascade regardless of housing status at enrollment, suggesting that evidence-based support and services to help people living with HIV/AIDS can help mitigate barriers to engagement in care associated with lack of stable housing.
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Hawk M, Coulter RW, Egan JE, Friedman MR, Meanley S, Fisk S, Watson C, Kinsky S. Exploring the Healthcare Environment and Associations with Clinical Outcomes of People Living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2017; 31:495-503. [PMID: 29148966 PMCID: PMC5724582 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2017.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite three decades of dramatic treatment breakthroughs in antiretroviral regimens, clinical outcomes for people living with HIV vary greatly. The HIV treatment cascade models the stages of care that people living with HIV go through toward the goal of viral suppression and demonstrates that <30% of those living with HIV/AIDS in the United States have met this goal. Although some research has focused on the ways that patient characteristics and patient-provider relationships contribute to clinical adherence and treatment success, few studies to date have examined the ways that contextual factors of care and the healthcare environment contribute to patient outcomes. Here, we present qualitative findings from a mixed-methods study to describe contextual and healthcare environment factors in a Ryan White Part C clinic that are associated with patients' abilities to achieve viral suppression. We propose a modification of Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization, and its more recent adaptation developed by Ulett et al., to describe the ways that clinic, system, and provider factors merge to create a system of care in which more than 86% of the patient population is virally suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hawk
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - James E. Egan
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mackey Reuel Friedman
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Meanley
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stuart Fisk
- Center for Inclusion Health, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney Watson
- Center for Inclusion Health, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne Kinsky
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Marotta P. Assessing Spatial Relationships between Race, Inequality, Crime, and Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in the United States. J Urban Health 2017; 94:683-698. [PMID: 28831708 PMCID: PMC5610128 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-017-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Incidence rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea reached unprecedented levels in 2015 and are concentrated in southern counties of the USA. Using incidence data from the Center for Disease Control, Moran's I analyses assessed the data for statistically significant clusters of chlamydia and gonorrhea at the county level in 46 states of the USA. Lagrange multiplier diagnostics justified selection of the spatial Durbin regression model for chlamydia and the spatial error model for gonorrhea. Rates of chlamydia (Moran's I = .37, p < .001) and gonorrhea (Moran's I = .38, p < .001) were highly clustered particularly in the southern region of the USA. Logged percent in poverty (B = .49, p < .001 and B = .48, p < .001) and racial composition of African-Americans (B = .16, p < .001 and B = .40, p < .001); Native Americans (B = .12, p < .001 and B = .20, p < .001); and Asians (B = .14, p < .001 and B = .09, p < .001) were significantly associated with greater rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea, respectively, after accounting for spatial dependence in the data. Logged rates of rates violent crimes were associated with chlamydia (B = .053, p < .001) and gonorrhea (B = .10, p < .001). Logged rates of drug crimes (.052, p < .001) were only associated with chlamydia. Metropolitan census designation was associated with logged rates of chlamydia (B = .12, p < .001) and gonorrhea (B = .24, p < .001). Spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea provide important insights for strategic public health interventions in the USA and inform the allocation of limited resources for the prevention of chlamydia and gonorrhea.
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