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Díaz-Vallejo JA, Liscano Y, Hernández MDM, Cuji-Galarza WD, Contreras-Pizarro CH, Melo IA. Scientific Output by Latin American Women in Pediatric Surgical Sciences Over the Past 11 Years: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1680-1686. [PMID: 38692943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This academic article discusses the historical underrepresentation of female in science, with a focus on Latin America. It highlights the importance of both technical and non-technical skills in the medical-surgical field, particularly the role of research skills. The study aims to quantify and characterize the scientific output of Latin American female researchers over the past decade, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities in low and middle-income countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional bibliometric study was conducted in 2023, focusing on pediatric surgical science journals in Scopus and PubMed. It assessed Latin American female participation, journal details, and interaction networks, using SPSS and Gephi software. The period analyzed was from January 2012 to December 2022. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2022, 727 articles with Latin authorship in pediatric surgery were analyzed across 304 journals. Of these, 63.69% had female co-authors. The majority were original articles (53.13%), with contributions from Brazil, Mexico, and Chile. Notable journals included the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and Child's Nervous System. Keywords like Laparoscopy and Cardiac surgery were common. A growth trend in female Latin American publications was observed, despite temporary declines. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a growing trend in Latin American females' scientific contributions to pediatric surgery from 2012 to 2022, although a gender gap persists. The research mainly consists of primary data studies, with a focus on Brazil and Mexico from public institutions. The Journal of Pediatric Surgery featured prominently, and common topics included Laparoscopy, Cardiac surgery, Liver transplant, Congenital heart defects, and COVID-19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhony Alejandro Díaz-Vallejo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Research Group in Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Yamil Liscano
- Research Group in Comprehensive Health (GISI), Health Department, Santiago de Cali University, Cali, Colombia.
| | - María Del Mar Hernández
- Research Group in Comprehensive Health (GISI), Health Department, Santiago de Cali University, Cali, Colombia
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Lynn JV, Best CSW, Berlin NL, Kung TA. A Microsurgical Skills Curriculum to Develop Unconscious Competence. J Reconstr Microsurg 2024. [PMID: 39038460 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The attainment of microsurgical competency is an important milestone for plastic surgery trainees. Technical skill and a practiced disposition are required to successfully perform microsurgical procedures. Microsurgical skills curricula may foster both proficiency with technical movements and facilitate performance with minimal cognitive burden while using the operating microscope. The microsurgical skills curriculum presented in this article focuses on three fundamental principles: intrinsic muscle strength, accuracy and precision of movement, and supervised practice. Progressive operative entrustment of trainees is earned through successful completion of deliberate microsurgical exercises rather than timed anastomosis trials. The overarching goal of this curriculum is to develop unconscious competence in microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Lynn
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Theodore A Kung
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Fisher AT, Fereydooni A, Mullis DM, Smith BK, Sgroi MD. Individual and Program-Related Predictors of Academic Vascular Surgery Practice. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 97:121-128. [PMID: 37454896 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have explored factors affecting academic employment in surgical subspecialties; however, vascular surgery has not yet been investigated. We examined which elements of surgical training predict future academic productivity and studied characteristics of NIH-funded vascular surgery attendings. METHODS With approval from the Association of Program Directors in Vascular Surgery (APDVS), the database of recent vascular surgery fellowship (VSF) and integrated vascular surgery residency (IVSR) graduates was obtained, and public resources (Doximity, Scopus, PubMed, NIH, etc.) were queried for research output during and after training, completion of dedicated research years, individual and program NIH funding, current practice setting, and academic rank. Adjusted multivariate regression analyses were conducted for postgraduate academic productivity. RESULTS From 2013 to 2017, there were 734 graduates. Six hundred three completed VSF and 131 IVSR; 220 (29%) were female. Academic employment was predicted by MD degree, advanced degree, training at a top NIH-funded program, number publications by end of training, and H-index. Dedicated research time before or during vascular training, advanced degree, or graduating from a top NIH-funded program were predictors of publishing >1 paper/year. Number of publications by end of training and years in practice were predictive of H-index ≥5. VSF versus IVSR pathway did not have an impact on future academic employment, annual publication rate as an attending, or H-index. Characterization of NIH-funded attendings showed that they often completed dedicated research time (72%) and trained at a top NIH-funded program (79%). Mean publications by graduation among this group was 15.82 ± 11.3, and they averaged 4.31 ± 4.2 publications/year as attendings. CONCLUSIONS Research output during training, advanced degrees, and training at a top NIH-funded program predict an academic vascular surgery career. VSF and IVSR constitute equally valid paths to productive academic careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Fisher
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | - Arash Fereydooni
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Danielle M Mullis
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brigitte K Smith
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Michael D Sgroi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Wiedemann P. How to become a good surgeon. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2023; 3:63-66. [PMID: 37846379 PMCID: PMC10577823 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wiedemann
- Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Liebigstrasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Choi J, Spain DA. Maturing as an Impactful Academic Surgeon during Residency Research Time. Ann Surg 2023; 277:e733-e736. [PMID: 36538632 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Choi
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Fingerhut A, Wexner S, Behrns K, Arrezo A, Buhler L, Francis N, Keller DS, Knoefel W, Salminen P, Swanstrom L, Winter D. Why say "statistically significant" rather than just "significant"? a plea to rid the medical literature of linguistic ambiguity. Surgery 2022; 172:1039-1040. [PMID: 36150773 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abe Fingerhut
- GuangCi Laureate Professor Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, P. R. China and Section for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Steve Wexner
- Director Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL USA
| | - Kevin Behrns
- Professor of Surgery, Chief Medical Officer, University of Florida Central Florida USA
| | - Alberto Arrezo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Leo Buhler
- Professor of Surgery University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nader Francis
- Honorary Professor at the Division of Surgery and Interventional Science - UCL, London, Great Britain
| | - Deborah S Keller
- Marks Colorectal Surgical Associates, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Wolfram Knoefel
- Professor of Surgery University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Chief of Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lee Swanstrom
- Professor of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland Oregon, USA; Chief Innovations Officer and Scientific Director IHU-Strasbourg; France
| | - Des Winter
- Professor of Surgery St Vincent's Private Hospital Dublin, Ireland
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Lozada-Martinez ID, Navarro-Pulido N, Picón-Jaimes YA, Dominguez-Alvarado G, Cabrera-Vargas LF, Torregrosa-Almonacid L, Guevara-Cruz O, Narvaez-Rojas AR, Bolaño-Romero MP, Acevedo-Aguilar LM, Mass-Hernández LM, Llamas-Nieves AE, Acevedo-López D, Diaz Vallejo JA, Rodriguez-Gutierrez MM, Escobar-Marulanda V, Ochoa Carrillo KD, Doncel Martin AF, Hernández-Acosta YV. Surgical research in Colombia part 2: Scientific production of Colombian academic surgeons. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104678. [PMID: 36268317 PMCID: PMC9577633 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The production of quality surgical evidence and the development of academic surgery have emerged as priorities for the solution of current barriers to achieving the objectives of global surgery. The academic training and scientific production of academic surgeons is essential for the production of new knowledge. In Latin America, specifically in Colombia, there are no studies that have analyzed this production. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional bibliometric study was carried out, in which the Colombian Ministry of Science database was consulted with the validated results up to July 2021. In the search section for research profiles, the key word “Surgery” was used, and all associated CvLAC (profiles where the information of Colombian researchers can be found) and their registered products were reviewed. Results A total of 1701 researchers in surgery were registered in the database of the Colombian Ministry of Science, of which only 380 corresponded to academic surgeons with correct registration. Only 6 (1.6%) were found to have a Ph.D., 45 (11.8%) a fellow, and 20 (5.3%) a master's degree. 79.5% (n = 302) of Colombian academic surgeons are men. Only 10.2% (n = 39) are formally categorized as researchers. 45.3% (n = 172) have not published scientific articles. The total number of published articles was 2386, and most of them were published in Q4 journals (n = 1121; 47%) or not indexed by SJR/Publindex (n = 517; 21.6%). Only 3 surgeons have more than 100 articles. 9.5% have published at least 1 book, and 40% have participated in at least 1 project. Conclusions According to data registered with the Colombian Ministry of Science, a large part of the scientific production of Colombian academic surgeons is concentrated in scientific articles, most of which are found in Q4 or non-categorized journals. Approximately half of the academic surgeons have not published at least one scientific article. However, one fifth of those who have, have published at least 8 articles. Less than 20% of surgeons have additional postgraduate studies, and only 1 in 4 academic surgeons is a woman. 45% of Colombian academic surgeons have never published a scientific article. A large part of the Colombian surgical production is published in Q4 journals. 1 out of 10 surgeons is categorized as a researcher by the Colombian Ministry of Science.
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Zheng M, Boni L, Uranues S, Chen WTL, Fingerhut A. Academic surgery amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of the present and future challenges. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106726. [PMID: 35738539 PMCID: PMC9212951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review describes the trials and tribulations of academic surgeons in four major cities of their respective countries and the solutions they retained to keep academia alive in their practice. The four pillars of an "academic surgeon" _teaching, producing scientific works presented in meetings, publications and research_ are dealt with bearing in mind the modifications brought about by the pandemic and the solutions to keep academia active. Throughout the pandemic, the ultimate goal has been and will be to improve care and train the next generation of surgeons and encourage and monitor researchers, guide the mentees through the tasks of leadership, and foster good sound presentations at scientific meetings and encourage innovative and fruitful publications. The pros and cons of the alternatives imposed by the pandemic for the above-mentioned academic components, based on the literature, are reviewed and analyzed as they are taking place today in Shanghai, Milan, Graz, TaiChung and Hsinchu. Our perspective for the future is that teaching will take a new aspect and make wide use of electronic platforms, but also, the face-to-face modality will surface again. According to local needs and funding, many will most likely choose the hybrid solution (electronic and presential). Production of scientific works in meetings has gained momentum, again with the hybrid solution being preferred. Scientific publications have already increased on topics that are no longer related to COVID-19, and both clinical and experimental research are flourishing. This review can provide insight to guide young and accomplished academic surgeons through these difficult times and beyond, promoting a renaissance of clinical research and relevant publications, teaching of surgery and scientific meetings with a hybrid approach, and, finally, contribute to the training and formation of a new generation of surgeons for the future post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinHua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Luigi Boni
- General and Emergency Surgery, IRCCS - Ca' Granda - Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Selman Uranues
- Section for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Abraham Fingerhut
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center 197, 2nd Ruijin Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Section for Surgical Research Department of Surgery Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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SAGES white paper on the current state of community practice surgeons: re-discovering the value of our community practice surgeons. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:3677-3685. [PMID: 35378625 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Community Practice (CP) surgeon is the first point of access to surgical care globally and performs the majority of procedures in the USA. CP surgeons include those of various practice models, locations and communities, education and training, and much more. It is a diverse group that drives quality, access to care, research, and innovation. The SAGES CP Committee was formed to better define the role and highlight the contribution of the CP surgeon, as well as advocate for the position of CP surgeons in our society. METHODS In 2018, a survey was distributed to the SAGES membership asking members to self-identify as either a Community Surgeon or Academic Surgeon. RESULTS The majority (71%) of SAGES members surveyed self-identified as "Community Surgeons." This was in stark contrast to the distribution of Community versus Academic Surgeons in SAGES leadership (25% versus 75%, respectively). CONCLUSION By better defining the characteristics and role of the CP, SAGES will be better informed on how to effectively engage with this large group within the society and increase its representation within the leadership. The CP Committee met on a biannual basis over a period of two years focusing on assessing their role in the SAGES organization. The committee members created the following initial goals: (1) define in a broad sense the characteristics of a CP Surgeon, (2) discuss and characterize the value of the CP surgeons, (3) highlight past and future areas of contributions of the group, and (4) delineate ways to engage and represent this subgroup. This manuscript is a culmination of the work of this committee while also serving as a way to support the initiatives and direction of SAGES leadership.
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Surajit B. Academic Surgeon — Every Surgeon Should Aspire To Be! Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Selvakumar S, Ang D, Elkbuli A. Twelve-step Approach for Academic Development Planning in Academic Surgery: Climbing the Academic Uphill With Strong and Steady Steps. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e119. [PMID: 37600092 PMCID: PMC10431400 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MINI-ABSTRACT Surgical trainees and young academic surgeons should understand the specifics of the career they are pursing, and surgeon mentors should enhance their leadership roles and support the recruitment and retainment of academic surgeons through effective academic career support and strategic planning. Utilizing academic development planning can serve as an essential tool as both mentors & mentees navigate different career choices towards achieving a successful and sustainable academic career advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Selvakumar
- From the NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Darwin Ang
- University of Central Florida, Ocala, FL
- Department of Surgery, Ocala Regional Medical Center, Ocala, FL
- University of South Floria, Tampa, FL
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL
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Global outcomes, surgical teams and COVID-19 pandemic: Will the same objectives of global surgery persist? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 71:103002. [PMID: 34745606 PMCID: PMC8556179 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Carney PR, Ma M, Theiss LM, Chidi AP. Introducing the American Journal of Surgery Virtual Research Mentor: A primer for aspiring surgeon-scientists. Am J Surg 2021; 223:1015-1016. [PMID: 34785031 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Carney
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Meixi Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1808 7th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Lauren M Theiss
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1808 7th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Alexis P Chidi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Medvecz AJ, Vogus TJ, Terhune KP. The Cost of Not Training a Surgical Resident. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1443-1449. [PMID: 33744117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify surgical trainees' direct financial impact on an academic medical center (AMC) by modeling the cost of replacing them. DESIGN The authors developed a model that estimates the financial costs to an AMC if surgical residents were replaced with surgical first assistants (SFAs) and physician assistants (PAs). SETTING One AMC providing tertiary level clinical care. PARTICIPANTS The model accounts for the training, work hours, and salary differential of residents, as well as other factors that are specific to education and support of residents, SFAs, and PAs. RESULTS After accounting for the expenses of surgical residents and the replacement providers in our model, the authors determined that the net cost of replacing 30 surgical residents with PAs and SFAs at one institution is $1,728,628 or $57,621 annually per resident. CONCLUSIONS Without considering other larger and arguably more important issues of educational value or population needs, we provide a reproducible model of financial considerations regarding residents in an AMC. The costs (and foregone benefits) of not training residents may provide additional support for the funding of graduate medical education and finding the optimal balance of graduate medical education and other providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyla P Terhune
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Coleman DM, Dossett LA, Dimick JB. Building high performing teams: Opportunities and challenges of inclusive recruitment practices. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:86S-92S. [PMID: 34303464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare is most effectively delivered by high-performance teams, which require, not simply talent, but also diversity in their members, supported by a culture of equity that is open, supportive, and inclusive. Cognitive diversity offers a performance advantage, improving collective understanding and optimizing high-complexity problem solving. Diverse teams have been shown to outperform homogenous team, and this diversity, supplemented with equity and inclusion, yields a superior creative culture. High-performance teams rest on a foundation of standardized and inclusive recruitment practices. Standard recruitment procedures have been insufficient in broadening representation owing to the long-standing inequities and exclusion in medicine. As such, we have highlighted the opportunities for inclusive recruitment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lesly A Dossett
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Justin B Dimick
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
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Current status and future perspectives of collaboration in surgical research: A scoping review of the evidence. Surgery 2021; 170:748-755. [PMID: 34112518 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is rapidly changing in terms of techniques, education, and methods of conducting research. To keep up with this pace, surgeons have recently focused on collaborative research projects. The aim of this review was to investigate practices for collaborations in surgical research. METHODS A scoping review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by Peters et al. Publications on patterns of collaboration in surgical research between January 2000 and December 2020, irrespective of the study design or language of publication, which were indexed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were included. A research librarian assisted in choosing the search terms and conducting the search. The very broad nature of the subject necessitated a pragmatic search strategy, with primary focus on reviews about collaboration. A new form of crowd science was used that explored collaborations using social media and online shared documents. RESULTS The search identified 38 studies that covered different aspects of collaboration in surgical research. Global, specialist, trainee-/student-led, and patient-led collaboratives are growing in number and size. Implementation of information technologies in surgical collaboration is still limited. The review identified attempts to include researchers from low- and middle-income countries in these collaborations, but these were at the early stages. CONCLUSION There are many patterns of collaboration in surgical research. Involvement of low- and middle-income countries will lead to capacity building in these countries, fast recruitment for surgical trials, and more generalizability of trial results. Due to the complex nature of surgical research, implementation of information technologies might improve the quality of research.
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Domínguez LC, Dolmans D, Restrepo J, de Grave W, Sanabria A, Stassen L. How Surgical Leaders Transform Their Residents to Craft Their Jobs: Surgeons' Perspective. J Surg Res 2021; 265:233-244. [PMID: 33957575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons should transform their residents to take the lead in their jobs and optimize their working conditions, so-called job crafting. We investigated the actions undertaken by surgeons with a transformational leadership style to encourage residents' job crafting, about which there is at present a paucity of information. METHODS We performed a qualitative study based on principles of constructivist grounded theory. In-depth interviews were held with a purposive sample of surgeons who were perceived as transformational leaders by their residents. During data analysis (open, axial, and selective coding), we compared inductive codes with deductive codes drawn from the job demands-resources and transformational leadership theories to reach a consensus on the interpretation of data and identification of the main themes. RESULTS Sixteen surgeons participated. Surgeons undertook five actions that enhanced job crafting in residents. They: one) modeled positive behaviors of a good surgeon; two) used a stepwise individual approach toward autonomy; three) connected with the resident as a person; four) supported residents in handling complications and errors; and five) they coached the resident to deal with competing interests. These actions had four consequences for residents. They led to: one) more responsibilities in patient care; two) more constructive relationships in the workplace; three) less pressure from workload and surgical care duties; and four) less personal difficulties and errors in patient care. CONCLUSIONS The actions undertaken by surgeons with a transformational leadership style have a positive association with the residents' ability to craft their jobs. This knowledge has implications for surgeons' leadership development with a view to workplace education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Dolmans
- Department of Educational Development and Research, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Restrepo
- Department of Medical Education, Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Willem de Grave
- Department of Educational Development and Research, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Laurents Stassen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
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Hansdorfer MA, Horen SR, Alba BE, Akin JN, Dorafshar AH, Becerra AZ. The 100 Most-disruptive Articles in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Sub-specialties (1954-2014). PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3446. [PMID: 33786257 PMCID: PMC7997101 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alternative bibliometrics have recently been the subject of significantly increased interest. The disruption index is a new bibliometric that was recently applied to surgery and urology and identifies papers that shift paradigms and eclipse previous research in a given field. METHODS The 100 most-disruptive publications in the 14 most prominent plastic and reconstructive surgery and subspecialty journals were identified. RESULTS We present the 100 most-disruptive studies as well as the 100 most-cited studies for comparison in n=14 of the most popular plastic and reconstructive surgery (and subspecialty) journals between 1954 and 2014. The 100 most-disruptive publications in these journals were more disruptive than 99.8% of all PubMed papers. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) had the most papers in the top 100 (n=64) followed by British Journal of Plastic Surgery (currently Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, n=15), and Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (n=7). PRS had 9 of the top 10 papers. However, Clinics in Plastic Surgery had the highest average disruption score for all its published papers (0.0029). The correlation coefficient linking disruption scores and citation counts was 0.01 and 0.11, respectively. The most common decade represented in the top 100 was the 1980's (n=31) and the least common was the 2000's (n=9). CONCLUSIONS This is the first application of the disruption index to plastic and reconstructive surgery. The disruption score provides a unique ability to identify research that has shifted paradigms and driven the innovation that defines our specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek A. Hansdorfer
- From the Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sydney R. Horen
- From the Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Brandon E. Alba
- From the Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jennifer N. Akin
- From the Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Amir H. Dorafshar
- From the Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Adan Z. Becerra
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
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Myers SP, Dasari M, Brown JB, Lumpkin ST, Neal MD, Abebe KZ, Chaumont N, Downs-Canner SM, Flanagan MR, Lee KK, Rosengart MR. Effects of Gender Bias and Stereotypes in Surgical Training: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2021; 155:552-560. [PMID: 32432669 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Factors contributing to underrepresentation of women in surgery are incompletely understood. Pro-male bias and stereotype threat appear to contribute to gender imbalance in surgery. Objectives To evaluate the association between pro-male gender bias and career engagement and the effect of stereotype threat on skill performance among trainees in academic surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants A 2-phase study with a double-blind, randomized clinical trial component was conducted in 3 academic general surgery training programs. Residents were recruited between August 1 and August 15, 2018, and the study was completed at the end of that academic year. In phase 1, surveys administered 5 to 6 months apart investigated the association of gender bias with career engagement. In phase 2, residents were randomized 1:1 using permuted-block design stratified by site, training level, and gender to receive either a trigger of or protection against stereotype threat. Immediately after the interventions, residents completed the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) assessment followed by a final survey. A total of 131 general surgery residents were recruited; of these 96 individuals with academic career interests met eligibility criteria; 86 residents completed phase 1. Eighty-five residents were randomized in phase 2, and 4 residents in each arm were lost to follow-up. Intervention Residents read abstracts that either reported that women had worse laparoscopic skill performance than men (trigger of stereotype threat [A]) or had no difference in performance (protection against stereotype threat [B]). Main Outcomes and Measures Association between perception of pro-male gender bias and career engagement survey scores (phase 1) and stereotype threat intervention and FLS scores (phase 2) were the outcomes. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Results Seventy-seven residents (38 women [49.4%]) completed both phases of the study. The association between pro-male gender bias and career engagement differed by gender (interaction coefficient, -1.19; 95% CI, -1.90 to -0.49; P = .02); higher perception of bias was associated with higher engagement among men (coefficient, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.19-2.24; P = .04), but no significant association was observed among women (coefficient, -0.25; 95% CI, -1.59 to 1.08; P = .50). There was no evidence of a difference in FLS score between interventions (mean [SD], A: 395 [150] vs B: 367 [157]; P = .51). The response to stereotype threat activation was similar in men and women (interaction coefficient, 15.1; 95% CI, -124.5 to 154.7; P = .39). The association between stereotype threat activation and FLS score differed by gender across levels of susceptibility to stereotype threat (interaction coefficient, -35.3; 95% CI, -47.0 to -23.6; P = .006). Higher susceptibility to stereotype threat was associated with lower FLS scores among women who received a stereotype threat trigger (coefficient, -43.4; 95% CI, -48.0 to -38.9; P = .001). Conclusions and Relevance Perception of pro-male bias and gender stereotypes may influence career engagement and skill performance, respectively, among surgical trainees. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03623009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Myers
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohini Dasari
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joshua B Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie T Lumpkin
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaleab Z Abebe
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Chaumont
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
| | | | - Meghan R Flanagan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth K Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chung PHY, Tam PKH. Academic leadership in and beyond pediatric surgery - A view from Hong Kong. Semin Pediatr Surg 2021; 30:151024. [PMID: 33648713 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.151024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leadership is required in all professions and pediatric surgery is no exception. It includes but is more than 'management'. Specific qualities in personal traits, performance and collaboration are also required. Owing to our professional training and job nature, pediatric surgeons are inherently potential leaders. Academic leadership opportunities exist in our clinical practice, research activities, educational programme and administrative duties. While leadership positions are often taken up by the senior team members, these positions should not be monopolized by a single person. Junior surgeons are encouraged to take up some leadership roles in their early career. This does not only help to bring in new ideas and energy to an organization but also prepares them to become great leaders in future. In this article, we discuss leadership in and beyond our specialty based on the experience from two academic surgeons in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ho Yu Chung
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Lafaro KJ, Khithani AS, Wong P, LaRocca CJ, Warner SG, Fong Y, Melstrom LG. Academic Productivity in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgeons: Identifying Benchmarks Associated With Rank in North America. Am Surg 2020; 87:1474-1479. [PMID: 33356426 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820966282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Academic achievement is an integral part of the promotion process; however, there are no standardized metrics for faculty or leadership to reference in assessing this potential for promotion. The aim of this study was to identify metrics that correlate with academic rank in hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Faculty was identified from 17 fellowship council accredited HPB surgery fellowships in the United States and Canada. The number of publications, citations, h-index values, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for each faculty member was captured. RESULTS Of 111 surgeons identified, there were 31 (27%) assistant, 39 (35%) associate, and 41 (36%) full professors. On univariate analysis, years in practice, h-index, and a history of NIH funding were significantly associated with a surgeon's academic rank (P < .05). Years in practice and h-index remained significant on multivariate analysis (P < .001). DISCUSSION Academic productivity metrics including h-index and NIH funding are associated with promotion to the next academic rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Lafaro
- Department of Surgery, 1500Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Amit S Khithani
- Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Miami Dade Surgical Group, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paul Wong
- Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J LaRocca
- Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Surgery, 20220City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Carrillo EH. A Review of "Interventional Techniques are Useful Adjuncts in Nonoperative Management of Hepatic Injuries" (1999). Am Surg 2020; 87:199-203. [PMID: 33342286 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820979573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddy H Carrillo
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 3933Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, USA
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23
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Obiarinze R, Goyer S, Minton H, Wood T, Chen H, Corey B. From Presentation to Publication: Where did Abstracts at the 2017 Academic Surgical Congress End up? A Three-Year Analysis. J Surg Res 2020; 259:163-169. [PMID: 33279842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical school and residency programs encourage increased research, and thousands of abstracts are submitted to conferences annually. This study sought to determine the rate of publication of oral presentations from the 2017 Academic Surgical Congress (ASC) and assess factors that influence the likelihood of publication. METHODS Abstracts selected for oral, plenary, and QuickShot presentations at the 2017 ASC were evaluated for publication status. Publication status, including date of publication and journal title, the academic rank of first and senior authors, and the type of study were collected. Senior author funding status, as well as source and amount of funding, were cataloged. These variables were noted at 16 mo and then later at 34 mo after the conference. RESULTS Of the 360 oral and plenary presentations, 41.4% (n = 149) and 70.5% were published at 16 and then 34 mo, respectively. At 16 mo, Basic science, Clinical outcomes, and Education had publication rates of 31.7%, 51.1%, and 57.7%. At 34 mo, they were 76.1%, 69.1%, and 60.06%. QuickShot presentations had a publication rate of 17%, 69%, and 14% for Basic Science, Clinical Outcomes, and Education, respectively. At 16 mo, abstracts with senior authors with an academic rank of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor had publication rates of 43.3% (22), 49.4% (39), and 41.8% (37), respectively (P = 0.697). At 34 mo, publication rates for senior authors was 21.8% (53), 32.9% (80), and 45.2% (110) for Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor, respectively (P= < 0.01). Quick shot presentations had publication rates of 14%, 26%, and 49% for Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor, respectively. 191 (53.2%) senior authors had funding, of which 125 (66.8%) were from the National Institute of Health. 61% of abstracts with a funded senior author went on to be published, whereas 38.9% of abstracts with an unfunded senior author were published. The presence of funding continued to have a positive association with publication (P < 0.01 versus P < 0.01) at 16 and 34 mo postconference. In QuickShot presentations, 88% of abstracts with a funded senior author went on to be published. Of Quick shot presentations without funding, 100% were published. CONCLUSIONS There was an increase in publication rate from 16 to 34 mo after the 2017 ASC conference for oral presentations. At longer follow-up, the academic rank of the senior author and the funded abstracts were associated with abstracts achieving publication, whereas the academic rank of the first author, presentation type, and funding source was not. Funding was significantly associated with the Presentation Type at the conference and the Journal Impact Factor of the manuscript, whereas abstract type was not. QuickShot presentations did not fare as well regarding publication status; at approximately 3 y, the publication rate was 43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Obiarinze
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Surgery, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sydnee Goyer
- University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Heather Minton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Surgery, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tara Wood
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Surgery, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Herbert Chen
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Surgery, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Britney Corey
- University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Birmingham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Division of Surgery, Birmingham, Alabama.
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24
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DiMaio JM, Squiers JJ, Stevens JH, Rosengart TK. How to be an Innovator in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:299-302. [PMID: 33171249 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiothoracic surgeons are uniquely and expertly positioned to be innovators. Innovation is an iterative process by which unmet needs are identified, a solution is invented, and the results are implemented. A team approach is required, with participation from a variety of experts including the surgeon-innovator. Innovation can be practiced on a multitude of pathways including basic science, clinical science, and commercialization. Economics realities are often the ultimate determinant in the success or failure of any innovative effort. In this manuscript, we aim to define innovation, describe the innovative process, and demonstrate how these principles can, and should, be enacted by cardiothoracic surgeon-innovators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael DiMaio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital; Plano, Texas.
| | - John J Squiers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital; Plano, Texas
| | | | - Todd K Rosengart
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, Texas
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25
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Krise SM, Etheart I, Perzynski A, Como J, Carneval M, Conrad-Schnetz K. Leadership Amongst Regional and National Surgical Organizations: The Tides Are Changing. Cureus 2020; 12:e10827. [PMID: 33173634 PMCID: PMC7645299 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leadership amongst professional organizations is a key opportunity for scholarly activity which is essential for academic advancement. Our objective was to examine the differences between men and women in leadership within surgical organizations. METHODS Credentials were obtained through an internet search. Variables included organization type, leadership role, gender, advanced degree, medical school graduation year, and publications. A bivariate analysis was performed between genders. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Five hundred forty-three leaders were identified in 43 surgical organizations. There was a significant difference in the number of male and female leaders (72.7% vs 27.3%, p=0.016). Women were most likely to hold the role of "Other", which consisted of lower-level leadership roles including committee chair positions and resident and medical student delegates (35.5%). Fewer women had publications (85.8% vs 92.9%, p=0.01), more women had advanced degrees (24.5% vs 17.0%, p=0.049), and women were involved earlier in their careers (5.9 years, 95% CI 4.1-7.7 years, p<0.001) than their male colleagues. CONCLUSION Gender disparity in leadership of surgical organizations exists. Women are involved earlier in their careers and hold lower-level leadership positions reflecting potential for increased involvement in high-level leadership roles in the future. Data need to be trended to discern if women in surgical organizations rise within leadership roles as more women continue to enter surgical subspecialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Krise
- Surgery, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Ian Etheart
- Surgery, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA
| | | | - John Como
- Trauma, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Mary Carneval
- Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Euclid Hospital, Cleveland, USA
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26
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Hughes BD, Butler PD, Edwards MA, Pugh CM, Martin CA. The Society of Black Academic Surgeons CV benchmarking initiative: Early career trends of academic surgical leaders. Am J Surg 2020; 219:546-551. [PMID: 32147021 PMCID: PMC7666881 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons from under-represented backgrounds are less likely to receive academic tenure and obtain leadership positions. Our objective was to query the curriculum vitaes (CVs) of SBAS leadership to develop a benchmarking tool to promote and guide careers in academic surgery. METHODS CVs from academic leaders were reviewed for academic productivity at early career stages-the first 5-and 10-years. Variables queried: peer-reviewed publications, grant funding, surgical societal involvement, invited lectureships and visiting professorships. RESULTS Of 20 CVs, 41 leadership positions including 13 SBAS Presidents were identified. At 5- and 10-years, respectively, the academic productivity increased: 20.6 and 52.3 publications; 4.7 and 9.7 grants; 18 and 42.6 lectures/professorships. CONCLUSION The CV benchmarking tool may be a useful framework for aspiring academic surgeons to track their progress relative to successful SBAS members. Creative strategies like these, paired with faculty mentorship and sponsorship are necessary to improve the ethnic diversity in academic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paris D Butler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Carla M Pugh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Colin A Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Agzarian J, Blackmon SH, Cassivi SD, Shen KR, Shargall Y. Moving to the other side of the table-transitioning from residency to faculty and the value of mentorship. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S1018-S1021. [PMID: 31183185 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Agzarian
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Shanda H Blackmon
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Cassivi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Robert Shen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yaron Shargall
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
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Yheulon CG, Balla FM, Ernat JJ, Lin E, Davis SS. Academic inertia: Examining changes of scholarly output over time among academic minimally invasive surgeons. Am J Surg 2019; 218:813-817. [PMID: 30910131 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to assess how the Hirsch Index (h-index) and other academic metrics change over time for academic minimally invasive surgeons (MIS). METHODS Through the Fellowship Council's website, MIS program-directors and associate program-directors were identified in 2017 and again in 2018. Using the Scopus database, the number of publications, citations, self-citations, and h-indices were calculated. RESULTS A total of 222 surgeons were included. The median increase of publications, citations, and h-index were 4, 134, and 1, respectively. 75% of surgeons (166/222) saw their h-index increase. In 2017, 26% of surgeons (57/222) had an increase of their h-index due to self-citation. One-year later, 35% of those surgeons (20/57) no longer demonstrated that change. CONCLUSION Self-citation remains infrequent within MIS. The h-index of most surgeons will increase over one-year. Many surgeons demonstrating an increase in h-index due to self-citation will see that change eliminated over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadi M Balla
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Westside Medical Center, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Justin J Ernat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Blanchfield Army Community Hospital, Fort Campbell, KY, USA
| | - Edward Lin
- Division of General and GI Surgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Scott Davis
- Division of General and GI Surgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Section of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute; Houston
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30
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Fournier I, Fakhry N, Kennel T, Tessier N, Bahgat A, Lechien JR, Ayad T. Challenges faced by young otolaryngologists-head & neck surgeons around the world. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018; 135:S67-S73. [PMID: 30170973 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document work-related stressors and to identify coping strategies employed by young board-certified otolaryngologists-head & neck surgeons (OTL-HNS) around the world. The second objective is to evaluate demographic and professional characteristics associated with a higher level of work-related stress. METHODS A survey was sent to all OTL-HNS under 45 years old from the 2017 IFOS meeting. This survey was conducted by the YO-IFOS group (Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otolaryngological Societies). Data were collected for a period of 1 month. Demographic characteristics and information concerning challenges encountered by OTL-HNS during the early years of their career were collected. RESULTS Among the 2787 attendees, 928 responded to the survey (response rate=33.3%). The three most frequent challenges faced by OTL-HNS in the early years of their career were related to administrative workload (45%), high patient quota (42%) and desire to achieve adequate work-life balance (42%). Practices used by OTL-HNS to cope with stress were physical activity (37%), recreational activities (35%) and self-organization (32%). Higher levels of stress were frequently found in participants who possessed five to ten years of experience (P=0.007) and who were employed by an academic institution (P=0.020). On the other hand, lower levels of stress were often encountered in participants who had 5 years or less of experience (P=0.002). CONCLUSION This study provides insight on characteristics that are associated with various levels of stress. Moreover, it demonstrates the work-related stressors and the resilience techniques employed by OTL-HNS in early years of their career. Stress will always be present during the surgeon's career. Therefore, knowing how to recognize it and how to deal with it is key. More resources should be made available for OTL-HNS needing aid. Because surgeons must be in control of their stress if they want to provide high quality health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fournier
- School of medicine, université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - N Fakhry
- Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - T Kennel
- Hôpital universitaire Gui-de-Chauliac, université de Montpellier, CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - N Tessier
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - A Bahgat
- Lecturer of otorhinolaryngology and consultant of sleep surgery, Alexandria university, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - J R Lechien
- School of medicine, université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - T Ayad
- Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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LaRocca CJ, Wong P, Eng OS, Raoof M, Warner SG, Melstrom LG. Academic productivity in surgical oncology: Where is the bar set for those training the next generation? J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:397-402. [PMID: 30125359 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Promotion and tenure are important milestones for academic surgical oncologists. The aim of this study was to quantify academic metrics associated with rank in surgical oncologists training the next generation. METHODS Faculty were identified from accredited surgical oncology fellowships in the United States. Scopus was used to obtain the number of publications/citations and h-index values. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) RePORT website was used to identify funding history. RESULTS Of the 319 surgeons identified, complete rank information was obtained for 308. The majority of faculty were men (70%) and only 11% of full professors were women. The median h-index values were 7, 17, and 39 for assistant, associate, and full professors, respectively. While 50% of full professors had a history of NIH funding, only 26% had RO1s and 20% had current NIH funding. Using multivariate analysis, years in practice, h-index, and a history of NIH funding were associated with academic rank (P < .05). CONCLUSION Objective benchmarks, such as the median h-index and NIH funding, provide additional insights for both junior faculty and leadership into the productivity needed to attain promotion to the next academic rank for surgical oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J LaRocca
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Paul Wong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Oliver S Eng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mustafa Raoof
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Laleh G Melstrom
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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Abstract
As our regular contributor takes up a new academic role at Hong Kong University, he reflects on the evolution of the specialty in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomson
- Clinical Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong E:
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