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Roy DN, Ferdiousi N, Mohabbot Hossen M, Islam E, Shah Azam M. Global disparities in COVID-19 vaccine booster dose (VBD) acceptance and hesitancy: An updated narrative review. Vaccine X 2024; 18:100480. [PMID: 38585380 PMCID: PMC10997838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The global deployment of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose (VBD) has been recognized as a promising therapeutic alliance to provide repeated immunity against the arrival of new variants. Despite scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of periodic doses, COVID-19 vaccine booster reluctance continues to thrive. This narrative review aimed to examine global COVID-19 vaccine booster dose (VBD) acceptance and summarize an up-to-date assessment of potential antecedents associated with VBD acceptance. A comprehensive search was performed in several reputable databases such as Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science from June 10th, 2023, to August 1st, 2023. All relevant descriptive and observational studies on COVID-19 VBD acceptance and hesitancy were included in this review. A total of fifty-eight (58) studies were included, with Asia representing the highest count with thirty-one (53%) studies, Europe with eleven (19 %), the United States with nine (16 %), and other regions (Africa and multi-ethnic) with seven (12 %). Worldwide, the pooled COVID-19 VBD acceptance rate was 77.09 % (95 % CI: 76.28-78.18), VBD willingness (n) = 164189, and the total sample (N) = 212,990. The highest and the lowest VBD acceptance rate was reported in Europe and American regions, respectively, 85.38 % (95 % CI: 85.02-85.73, (n) = 32,047, (N = 37,533) vs. 66.92 % (95 % CI: 66.56-67.4), (n) = 29335, (N) = 43,832. However, Asia and multi-ethnic areas reported moderately high VBD acceptance rate 79.13 % (95 % CI: 78.77-79.23, (n) = 93,994, (N) = 11,8779) and 72.16 % (95 % CI: 71.13-72.93, (n) = 9276, (N) = 12,853), respectively. The most common and key antecedents of COVID-19 VBD acceptance and hesitancy across the countries were "equal safety", "efficacy", "effectiveness", "post-vaccination side effects", "community protection" "family protection", "risk-benefit ratio", "booster necessity", "trust", and "variants control". Disparities in the uptake of COVID-19 VBD were observed globally, with the highest rates found in Europe, and the lowest rates in American regions. Multiple potential antecedents including safety, efficacy, and post-vaccination side effects were associated with VBD acceptance and hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debendra Nath Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- Institute of Education and Research, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Nowrin Ferdiousi
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhasani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ekramul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shah Azam
- Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Office of the Viec-Chancellor, Rabindra University, Bangladesh
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Immediate Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Australian Pharmacies: A Retrospective Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122041. [PMID: 36560451 PMCID: PMC9787804 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four COVID-19 vaccines are approved for use in Australia: Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (Comirnaty), AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 (Vaxzevria), Moderna mRNA-1273 (Spikevax), and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid). We sought to examine the type and management of immediate adverse events following immunisation (I-AEFI) after COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS Retrospective review of I-AEFI recorded between July 2021 and June 2022 in 314 community pharmacies in Australia. RESULTS I-AEFI were recorded in 0.05% (n = 526/977,559) of all COVID-19 vaccinations (highest: AstraZeneca (n = 173/161,857; 0.11%); lowest: Pfizer (n = 50/258,606; 0.02%)). The most common reactions were: (1) syncope, after the first dose of AstraZeneca (n = 105/67,907; 0.15%), Moderna (n = 156/108,339; 0.14%), and Pfizer (n = 22/16,287; 0.14%); and (2) Nausea/vomiting after the first dose of Pfizer (n = 9/16,287; 0.06%), Moderna (n = 55/108,339; 0.05%), and AstraZeneca (n = 31/67,907; 0.05%) vaccines. A total of 23 anaphylactic reactions were recorded (n = 23/977,559; 0.002%), and 59 additional I-AEFI were identified using MedDRA® terminology. Pharmacists primarily managed syncope by laying the patient down (n = 227/342; 66.4%); nausea/vomiting was managed primarily by laying the patient down (n = 62/126; 49.2%), giving water (n = 38/126; 30.2%), or monitoring in the pharmacy (n = 29/126; 23.0%); anaphylactic reaction was treated with adrenaline (n = 18/23; 78.3%) and n = 13/23 (56.5%) anaphylactic reactions were treated with the combination of: administered adrenaline, called ambulance, and laid patient down. CONCLUSION The most commonly recorded I-AEFI was syncope after COVID-19 vaccination in pharmacy; I-AEFI are similar to those previously reported. Pharmacists identified and managed serious and non-serious I-AEFI appropriately and comprehensively.
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Nawaz M, Ashraf MA, Ali MA, Shabbir MZ, Shabbir MAB, Altaf I, Raza S, Rafique S, Hassan S, Sardar N, Mehmood A, Aziz MW, Fazal S, Khan MT, Atique HMM, Asif A, Ullah Z, Iqbal M, Imtiaz T, Anwar M, Mukhtar N, Yaqub T. Renessans Helps in Early Clearance of SARS-CoV-2: In-Vivo Activity of the Iodine Complex in Rhesus macaque. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1424. [PMID: 36143459 PMCID: PMC9571793 DOI: 10.3390/life12091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine complexes have known antimicrobial properties along with reported in-vitro antiviral activity for several viruses. Renessans is one such product with iodine complexes and ascorbic acid. The present study was designed to determine its efficacy for SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus macaque. Rhesus macaque were assigned to: A) prophylactic group (n = 3), (B) treatment group (n = 3), (C) infection control group (n = 4), and (D) negative control group (n = 4). Groups A, B, and C were challenged with 2 × 106 TCID of SARS-CoV-2. The prophylactic group (A) was administered Renessans from 5 days before infection till 8 days postinfection (DPI). The treatment group (B) was administered Renessans from 3 till 8 DPI. Group C was administered water-insoluble fractions only. Nasal swabs from all monkeys of groups A, B, and C remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 till 2 and 7 DPI, while the swabs became negative for groups A and B at 14 DPI. Likewise, fecal matter of monkeys in group A returned negative results during the experiment, while that of group B had significantly decreased viral load (101.5 genome copies/mL) compared to group C (103 genome copies/mL). Hence, it is concluded that Renessans has in-vivo SARS-CoV-2 activity and may result in early clearance of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Ashraf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Altaf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Raza
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Rafique
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Hassan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nageen Sardar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mehmood
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar Aziz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sehar Fazal
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Asif
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ullah
- Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Iqbal
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Talha Imtiaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mukhtar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Chakrabartty I, Khan M, Mahanta S, Chopra H, Dhawan M, Choudhary OP, Bibi S, Mohanta YK, Emran TB. Comparative overview of emerging RNA viruses: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current treatment. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 79:103985. [PMID: 35721786 PMCID: PMC9188442 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From many decades, emerging infections have threatened humanity. The pandemics caused by different CoVs have already claimed and will continue to claim millions of lives. The SARS, Ebola, MERS epidemics and the most recent emergence of COVID-19 pandemic have threatened populations across borders. Since a highly pathogenic CoV has been evolved into the human population in the twenty-first century known as SARS, scientific advancements and innovative methods to tackle these viruses have increased in order to improve response preparedness towards the unpredictable threat posed by these rapidly emerging pathogens. Recently published review articles on SARS-CoV-2 have mainly focused on its pathogenesis, epidemiology and available treatments. However, in this review, we have done a systematic comparison of all three CoVs i.e., SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 along with Ebola and Zika in terms of their epidemiology, virology, clinical features and current treatment strategies. This review focuses on important emerging RNA viruses starting from Zika, Ebola and the CoVs which include SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. Each of these viruses has been elaborated on the basis of their epidemiology, virulence, transmission and treatment. However, special attention has been given to SARS-CoV-2 and the disease caused by it i.e., COVID-19 due to current havoc caused worldwide. At the end, insights into the current understanding of the lessons learned from previous epidemics to combat emerging CoVs have been described. The travel-related viral spread, the unprecedented nosocomial outbreaks and the high case-fatality rates associated with these highly transmissible and pathogenic viruses highlight the need for new prophylactic and therapeutic actions which include but are not limited to clinical indicators, contact tracing, and laboratory investigations as important factors that need to be taken into account in order to arrive at the final conclusion. Recently published review articles on SARS-CoV-2 have mainly focused on its pathogenesis, epidemiology and available treatments. The pandemics caused by different CoVs have already claimed and will continue to claim millions of lives. This review focuses on important emerging RNA viruses starting from Zika, Ebola and the CoVs which include SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. Globally, numerous studies and researchers have recently started fighting this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre Guwahati, 781008, Assam, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.,Trafford College, Altrincham, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Understanding the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2: Mutational impacts, concerns, and the possible solutions. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103737. [PMID: 35571678 PMCID: PMC9078452 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many nations' best efforts to contain the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (B.1.1.529) has been identified as a serious concern. After more than two years of COVID-19 pandemic and more than a year of worldwide vaccination efforts, the globe will not be free of COVID-19 variants such as Delta and Omicron variants. According to current statistics, the Omicron variant has more than 30 mutations when contrasted to other VOCs such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2). High numbers of changes, particularly in the spike protein (S-Protein), raise worries about the virus's capacity to resist pre-existing immunity acquired by vaccination or spontaneous infection and antibody-based therapy. The Omicron variant raised international concerns, resuming travel bans and coming up with many questions about its severity, transmissibility, testing, detection, and vaccines efficiency against it. Additionally, inadequate health care infrastructures and many immunocompromised individuals increase the infection susceptibility. The current status of low vaccination rates will play a significant role in omicron spreading and create a fertile ground for producing new variants. As a result, this article emphasizes the mutational changes and their consequences. In addition, the potential preventing measures have been examined in detail. In South Africa, WHO designated the first cases of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). This variation is notable for having an extremely high number of spike protein mutations. Omicron has about 50 mutations, particularly 32 spike protein mutations. Omicron considers the most common variant in South Africa as an alternative to Delta.
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Islam F, Dhawan M, Mitra S, Bin Emran T. Assessing the risks associated with the emergence of Florona and possible preventive measures. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4031-4033. [PMID: 35508914 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, especially the VOCs (variants of concern), has been considered a severe threat amid the mighty efforts of various nations to contain the negative repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.,Trafford College, Altrincham, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
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