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Zábolyová N, Lauková A, Pogány Simonová M. Susceptibility to postbiotics - enterocins of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1449-1457. [PMID: 38324077 PMCID: PMC11147817 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a major problem with the rising occurrence of highly virulent and multiply-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), because of their difficult treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of new enterocins (Ent) against potential pathogenic MRSA strains isolated from rabbits. Staphylococci were identified with PCR and screened for methicillin/oxacillin/cefoxitin resistance (MR) using the disk diffusion method and the PBP2' Latex Agglutination Test Kit. Enzyme production, hemolysis, DNase activity, slime production, and biofilm formation were tested in MRSA strains. The susceptibility of MRSA to eight partially-purified enterocins (Ent) produced by E. faecium and E. durans strains was checked using agar spot tests. The antibiofilm activity of Ents was tested using a quantitative plate assay. Out of 14 MRSA, PBP testing confirmed MR in 8 strains. The majority of MRSA showed DNase activity and β-hemolysis. Slime production and moderate biofilm formation were observed in all strains. MRSA were susceptible to tested Ents (100-12,800 AU/mL; except Ent4231). The antibiofilm effect of Ents (except Ent4231) was noted in the high range (64.9-97.0%). These results indicate that enterocins offer a promising option for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by biofilm-forming MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Zábolyová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 04181, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - Monika Pogány Simonová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, Košice, 04001, Slovakia.
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2
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Kyoung H, Kim E, Cho JH, Lee H, Kim Y, Park KI, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary yeast cell wall enhanced intestinal health of broiler chickens by modulating intestinal integrity, immune responses, and microbiota. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102660. [PMID: 37043955 PMCID: PMC10140172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune responses of broiler chickens. In a randomized completely block design (block: initial body weight), a total of 800 broilers (Ross 308; 45.18 ± 3.13 g of initial body weight) were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (40 birds/pen; 10 replicates/treatment) and fed for 5 wk: 1) a basal broiler diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON) and 2) CON + 0.05% dietary YCW. Growth performance was measured at intervals in 3 phase feed program. On the final day of the study, one bird per pen was randomly selected and euthanized for sample collection. Broilers fed YCW had decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio during the grower phase compared with those fed CON. The YCW increased (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with the CON. In addition, the YCW tended to higher (P < 0.10) number of goblet cells in the duodenum than in the CON. Broilers fed YCW had increased (P < 0.05) serum TGF- β1, ileal gene expression of the claudin family, and relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Enterococcus compared with the CON, but decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.05), IL-1β (P < 0.05), and IL-6 (P < 0.10), ileal gene expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05), and relative abundance of Clostridium (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that the addition of dietary YCW in broiler diets enhanced the intestinal health of broiler chickens and may be associated with modulated intestinal morphology and integrity by upregulating tight junction-related protein gene expression and modifying the ileal microbiota. In addition, dietary YCW modulated immune responses and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbae Lee
- Pathway Intermediates, Seoul 06253, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Il Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ščerbová J, Lauková A, Losasso C, Barco L. Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Natural Substances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Italian Poultry. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:266-271. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Italy
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4
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Sosa FM, Parada RB, Marguet ER, Vallejo M. Utilization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts for Bacteriocin Production Using Enterococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Patagonian Marine Invertebrates. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:16. [PMID: 34905107 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This work's objective was to determine the antagonist activity of 11 Enterococcus spp. using industrial food wastes as a culture medium. The strains were isolated from invertebrates collected on the Argentinian Patagonia coast and selected by their high antibacterial activity. Phenotypic and genotypic techniques allowed identifying five E. hirae strains, five E. faecium strains, and one E. mundtii strain. The cell-free supernatants displayed inhibitory activity against most of the Gram-positive bacteria tested and Vibrio anguilarum. PCR amplification techniques detected the encoding genes of enterocin P in ten strains, mundtiicin KS in seven strains, enterocin B in six strains, hiracin JM79 in five strains, and enterocin A in three strains. The strains did not show gelatinase or hemolytic activities and were sensitive to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tylosine, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and vancomycin. Cheese whey and hot trub derived from beer brewing were used alone or in combination to assay enterocin production. In all cases, the highest inhibitory activities were achieved when mixtures of both byproducts were used as growth medium. The results suggest that the selected strains can produce high levels of enterocins in a low-cost media composed of a mix of cheese whey and hot trub without additional supplementation with carbon or nitrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco M Sosa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina B Parada
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Marguet
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Marisol Vallejo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina.
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5
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Simonová MP, Maďar M, Lauková A. Effect of enterocins against methicillin-resistant animal-derived staphylococci. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:467-473. [PMID: 34599692 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurence and spread of animal-derived methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) worldwide is a current problem, especially due to their increasing incidence in food animals and their products, with possible contamination of food consumers and handlers. Staphylococci isolated from animals (n = 123) were identified with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and screened for methicillin/oxacillin/cefoxitin resistance (MR) using the disk diffusion method. Twenty-three phenotypically MRS strains were analysed using PBP2' Latex Agglutination Test Kit to confirm the phenotypic MR and PCR was performed for mecA gene detection; mecA gene positive strains were furtherly confirmed by means of sequencing. The susceptibility of MRS to 11 partially-purified enterocins (Ent) produced by E. faecium, E. durans and E. mundtii strains of animal, feed/food and environmental origin was checked using agar spot tests. Out of 23 MRS, PBP testing confirmed MR in 17 strains. Three Staphylococcus epidermidis and one S. vitulinus were mecA positive. The majority of MRS, including two mecA gene-positive strains S. epidermidis R44/1 and P3/Tr2a, were susceptible to the tested enterocins, mainly to Ent7420, EntA(P)/EK13, Ent412, Ent55 and Ent9296 (in the range 100 - 12,800 AU/mL). The most susceptible strains appeared to be the mecA gene-positive S. epidermidis SE R44/1 and SE P3/Tr2a strains, inhibited by eight enterocins out of 11 tested (100-200 AU/mL). Only four strains (including mecA gene positive S. epidermidis SE P3/Tr1 and S. vitulinus SV K12PL/1) were resistant to the tested antimicrobial substances. These results indicate that the enterocins used offer a promising option for prevention and treatment of bacterial infection caused by MRS in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pogány Simonová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Košice, Slovakia
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6
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Daba GM, El-Dien AN, Saleh SA, Elkhateeb WA, Awad G, Nomiyama T, Yamashiro K, Zendo T. Evaluation of Enterococcus strains newly isolated from Egyptian sources for bacteriocin production and probiotic potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Chen YC, Liaw RB, Liao YS, Wanangkarn A, Chen WS, Tan FJ. Molecular identification and relative abundance of microorganisms in douchi koji and salted egg white sufu during processing. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13567. [PMID: 34101313 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel animal protein-based douchi koji-inoculated steamed salted egg white sufu (SEWS) has been developed. This study determined the relative abundance of microorganisms in the douchi koji and semi-finished (5-day fermentation) and finished (5-day fermentation and 14-day ripening) SEWS by using 16S and 18S ribosomal DNA and gene-cloning methods. The results revealed that Bacillus spp. and Aspergillus oryzae were dominant in the douchi koji. In the semi-finished SEWS, the percentages of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis were considerably lower, whereas those of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus were substantially higher. In the finished SEWS, Bacillus spp. became dominant again and A. oryzae was the only fungus detected. In conclusion, by using molecular techniques, microbial population dynamics in SEWS can be evaluated. During processing, the relative abundance of microorganisms in SEWS changed and Bacillus spp. and A. oryzae remained dominant. This study provides crucial information for designing starter cultures for producing SEWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Chen
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Bao Liaw
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Liao
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Amornrat Wanangkarn
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanuloke, Thailand
| | - Wen-Shyan Chen
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Jui Tan
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Fathizadeh H, Saffari M, Esmaeili D, Moniri R, Kafil HS. Bacteriocins: New Potential Therapeutic Candidates in Cancer Therapy. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:211-220. [PMID: 33109060 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020999200817113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important disorders which is associated with high mortality and high costs of treatment for patients. Despite several efforts, finding, designing and developing, new therapeutic platforms in the treatment of cancer patients are still required. Utilization of microorganisms, particularly bacteria has emerged as new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of various cancers. Increasing data indicated that bacteria could be used in the production of a wide range of anti-cancer agents, including bacteriocins, antibiotics, peptides, enzymes, and toxins. Among these anti-cancer agents, bacteriocins have attractive properties, which make them powerful anti-cancer drugs. Multiple lines evidence indicated that several bacteriocins (i.e., colcins, nisins, pediocins, pyocins, and bovocins) via activation/inhibition different cellular and molecular signaling pathways are able to suppress tumor growth in various stages. Hence, identification and using various bacteriocins could lead to improve and introduce them to clinical practices. Here, we summarized various bacteriocins which could be employed as anti-cancer agents in the treatment of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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9
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Behzadnia A, Moosavi-Nasab M, Ojha S, Tiwari BK. Exploitation of Ultrasound Technique for Enhancement of Microbial Metabolites Production. Molecules 2020; 25:E5473. [PMID: 33238482 PMCID: PMC7700470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have significant impacts on our lives from providing valuable compounds for nutrition to agriculture and healthcare. Ever-growing demand for these natural compounds has led to the need for smart and efficient production techniques. Ultrasound is a multi-applicable technology widely exploited in a range of industries such as chemical, medical, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and food processes. Depending on the type of ultrasound employed, it can be used to either monitor or drive fermentation processes. Ultrasonication can improve bioproduct productivity via intensifying the performance of living organisms. Controlled ultrasonication can influence the metabolites' biosynthesis efficiency and growth rates by improvement of cell permeability as well as mass transfer and nutrient uptake rates through cell membranes. This review contains a summarized description about suitable microbial metabolites and the applications of ultrasound technique for enhancement of the production of these metabolites as well as the associated downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Behzadnia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 7144165186 Shiraz, Iran
- Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 7144165186 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 7144165186 Shiraz, Iran
- Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 7144165186 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shikha Ojha
- Department of Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 53.38066 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Brijesh K. Tiwari
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 53.38066 Dublin, Ireland;
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10
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Orisakwe OE, Amadi CN, Frazzoli C, Dokubo A. Nigerian foods of probiotics relevance and chronic metal exposure: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19285-19297. [PMID: 32270460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are functional foods with a wide armamentarium of health benefits in man including metal chelation. Given the unacceptable blood lead levels and the near ignorance or negligence of heavy metals in both diagnoses and management of diseases in Nigeria, it is feared that these metals are involved in the aetiogenesis of several ailments from preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc. This is an insight on Nigerian fermented foods and their possible role as metal chelators in the management of the chronic heavy metal exposure in Nigeria. One hundred and five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Google scholar, PubMed and SCOPUS were searched for articles reporting fermented foods and probiotics in Nigeria. Only studies published in English Language were included, but there was no limitation in year of study. One hundred and five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Studies from some African countries suggest that fermented foods of probiotics relevance have effectively shown metal chelation properties. Consumption of Nigerian fermented foods may hold a promise in checking the high body burden of heavy metals in Nigeria. Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Awolayeofori Dokubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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11
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Kubašová I, Diep DB, Ovchinnikov KV, Lauková A, Strompfová V. Bacteriocin production and distribution of bacteriocin-encoding genes in enterococci from dogs. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 55:105859. [PMID: 31794868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many enterococcal strains produce bacteriocins, which could be useful as natural food preservatives through inhibition of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. There is little knowledge of the distribution and spectrum of bacteriocin activity and the distribution of bacteriocin-encoding genes in enterococci isolated from dogs. Therefore, we subjected 160 enterococcal isolates (E. faecium n=92, E. faecalis n=35, E. hirae n=28, E. casseliflavus n=3, E. mundtii n=2) from 105 samples of dog faeces to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of genes for enterocin A, P, B, L50A, L50B, AS-48, and bac31 and to screening for bacteriocin activity. The results showed the presence of at least one of the tested genes in 54/160 isolates, with E. faecium the most common gene-possessing species. The most frequently occurring gene for production of enterocin A was observed in combination with enterocin P and B. Bacteriocin activity was observed in 76/160 isolates against at least one of 5 indicator bacteria from the genus Listeria, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Four selected strains (IK25, Bri, I/Dz, P10) were active mostly against different species of Enterococcus (in the range 400-25 600 AU/mL) and Listeria sp. (800-12 800 AU/mL) but no Gram-negative bacteria were inhibited. Protein character, thermostability (up to 121°C) and stability at different pH values (3.0-10.0) were confirmed for crude bacteriocins of these four strains. The antimicrobial substance of E. faecium IK25 strain was identified as enterocin B using molecular weight detection and the presence of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kubašová
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kirill V Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viola Strompfová
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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12
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Ščerbová J, Kandričáková A, Hamarová Ľ, Lauková A. Relation to enterocins and herbal extracts of fecal hemolytic Escherichia coli from domestic ducks detected with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5925-5931. [PMID: 31298292 PMCID: PMC6771762 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance studies have generally reported an increase in Escherichia coli strains resistant to major classes of antibiotics used for animals' treatment. The aim of this study was to test the susceptibility of 25 strains (isolated from 30 domestic Mallard ducks-Anas platyrhynchos, both sex, aged 8 to 14 wk, taxonomically alloted to the species E. coli using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry system) to antimicrobials (antibiotics, enterocins, and herbal extracts). Testing was performed using the agar disc method and the agar diffusion method. A total of 19 E. coli strains were multiresistant to antibiotics; but 10 of those strains were susceptible to enterocins with an inhibition activity of 100 AU/mL. All strains were susceptible to herbal extracts. These results indicate further benefit application of enterocins and herbal extracts to prevent/reduce problems caused with E. coli. Moreover, additional studies are in process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4–6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - A Kandričáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4–6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľ Hamarová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4–6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - A Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4–6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Yerlikaya O, Akbulut N. In vitro
characterisation of probiotic properties of
Enterococcus faecium
and
Enterococcus durans
strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Yerlikaya
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University 35100Bornova-İzmir Turkey
| | - Necati Akbulut
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ege University 35100Bornova-İzmir Turkey
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14
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Bagci U, Ozmen Togay S, Temiz A, Ay M. Probiotic characteristics of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:735-750. [PMID: 30739237 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As potential probiotic traits of human milk-isolated bacteria have increasingly been recognized, this study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum. Among 118 human milk- and colostrum-isolated lactic cocci, only 29 were identified as Enterococcus. Of these, only four Enterococcus faecium isolates exhibited bacteriocigenic activity against several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. These isolates exhibited high acid (up to pH 3.0) and bile tolerance (0.5% oxgall) in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, demonstrating their ability to survive through the upper gastrointestinal tract. All of the E. faecium strains were shown to be sensitive to most of the antibiotics including vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to kanamycin and chloramphenicol. None of the strains showed any virulence (gelE, agg2, clyA, clyB, clyM) and antibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, ermB, tetM, and aac(6')-le-aph(2″)-la). In addition, all the strains were able to assimilate cholesterol, ranging between 25.2-64.1% and they exhibited variable adherence (19-36%) to Caco-2 cells. Based on the overall results of this in vitro study, four of the E. faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum can be considered as promising probiotic candidates; however, further in vivo evaluations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Bagci
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Trakya University, 22180, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Sine Ozmen Togay
- Department of Food Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Temiz
- Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ay
- Department of Food Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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The Difference in the Mucus Organization Between the Small and Large Intestine and Its Protection of Selected Natural Substances. A Review. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The mucus layer of the intestinal tract plays an important role of forming the front line of innate host defense. Recent studies have suggested that the involvement of feeding natural additives on protection/prevention/promotion of mucus production in the intestinal environment is beneficial. The goblet cells continually produce mucins for the retention of the mucus barrier under physiological conditions, but different factors (e. g. microorganisms, microbial toxins, viruses, cytokines, and enzymes) can have profound effects on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium covered by a protective mucus. The intestinal mucus forms enterocytes covered by transmembrane mucins and goblet cells produce by the secreted gel-forming mucins (MUC2). The mucus is organized in a single unattached mucus layer in the small intestine and in two mucus layers (inner, outer) in the colon. The main part of the review evaluates the effects of natural additives/substances supplementation to stimulate increased expression of MUC2 mucin in the intestine of animals.
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Santiago-López L, Hernández-Mendoza A, Mata-Haro V, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF. Immune response induced by fermented milk with potential probiotic strains isolated from artisanal Cocido cheese. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1485632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Santiago-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Aarón F. González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Selection and Characterization of Two Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains to be used as Starter and Protective Cultures for Food Fermentations. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Stability of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) Produced by Pediococcus acidilactici kp10 at Different Extreme Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5973484. [PMID: 30363649 PMCID: PMC6180926 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5973484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, bacteriocin industry has substantially grown replacing the role of chemical preservatives in enhancing shelf-life and safety of food. The progress in bacteriocin study has been supported by the emerging of consumer demand on the applications of natural food preservatives. Since food is a complex ecosystem, the characteristics of bacteriocin determine the effectiveness of their incorporation into the food products. Among four commercial media (M17 broth, MRS broth, tryptic soy broth, and nutrient broth) tested, the highest growth of Pediococcus acidilactici kp10 and bacteriocin-like-inhibitory substance (BLIS) production were obtained in the cultivation with M17. BLIS production was found to be a growth associated process where the production was increased concomitantly with the growth of producing strain, P. acidilactici kp10. The antimicrobial property of BLIS against three indicator microorganisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) remained stable upon heating at 100°C but not detectable at 121°C. The BLIS activity was also observed to be stable and active at a wide pH range (pH 2 to pH 7). The BLIS activity remained constant at -20°C and -80°C for 1 month of storage. However, the activity dropped after 3 and 6 months of storage at 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C with more than 80% reduction. The ability of bacteriocin from P. acidilactici kp10 to inhibit food-borne pathogens while remaining stable and active at extreme pH and temperature is of potential interest for future applications in food preservatives.
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Alfaia CM, Gouveia IM, Fernandes MH, Fernandes MJ, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Barreto AS, Fraqueza MJ. Assessment of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Portuguese Dry Fermented Sausages as Potential Starters Based on Their Biogenic Amine Profile. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2544-2549. [PMID: 30252142 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the decarboxylase activity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in meat products fermentation, in order to characterize and select the strains most suitable to be used as safe starter cultures. Isolates were obtained from traditional Portuguese dry fermented meat sausages, identified by PCR and characterized according to their technological properties. Lactobacilli and enterococci were assessed for their bacteriocinogenic potential. Biogenic amines (BA) were screened by culture method and analyzed by RP-HPLC/UV. The screening method, compared with chromatographic analysis, was not reliable for CNS and LAB strains selection. Tyramine decarboxylase activity was present in CNS strains, with a slight production of amines. No other hazardous BA were produced. Among lactobacilli, moderate production of tyramine was related only to Lactobacillus curvatus, with some strains producing putrescine or 2-phenylethylamine. Enterococci were high and moderate producers of tyramine and 2-phenylethylamine, respectively. Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus equorum, and Staphylococcus carnosus, independent of their genetic and technological profiles and BA production, were adequate for use in meat products, according to the data. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei strains could also be selected for starters. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The selection of coagulase-negative staphylococci and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were based on their production of biogenic amines in order to avoid this potential hazard production in meat products. The most suitable isolates could be used as safe starter cultures in meat products industry. The staphylococci and LAB selected will achieve particular organoleptic characteristics in meat products and bioprotection from pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Alfaia
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irani M Gouveia
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria H Fernandes
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Fernandes
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António S Barreto
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Fraqueza
- Authors are with the CIISA, The Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Lisbon, Avenida da Univ. Técnica, Pólo Univ. do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sensitivity to Enterocins of Biogenic Amine-Producing Faecal Enterococci from Ostriches and Pheasants. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:483-491. [PMID: 28342109 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are widespread bacteria forming the third largest genus among lactic acid bacteria. Some possess probiotic properties or they can produce beneficial proteinaceous antimicrobial substances called enterocins. On the other hand, some enterococci produce biogenic amines (BAs), so this study is focused on the sensitivity to enterocins of biogenic amine-producing faecal enterococci from ostriches and pheasants. Altogether, 60 enterococci isolated from faeces of ostriches and pheasants were tested for production of BAs. This target of the identified enterococci involved 46 strains selected from 140 ostriches and 17 from 60 pheasants involving the species Enterococcus hirae, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. mundtii. Although BAs histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and tryptamine were not detected in the enterococci tested, in general high BA production by the tested enterococci was noted. The species E. hirae formed the majority of the enterococcal strains from ostrichs faeces (34 strains). High production of tyramine (TYM) was measured with an average amount of 958.16 ± 28.18 mg/ml. Among the enterococci from pheasants, the highest was production of TYM compared to phenylethylamine, spermidine, and spermine. Enterococci featured high BA production; however, they were sensitive to seven enterocins with inhibition activity ranging from 100 up to 25,600 AU/ml.
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21
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Relation to enterocins of variable Aeromonas species isolated from trouts of Slovakian aquatic sources and detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:749-755. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Tinrat S, Khuntayaporn P, Thirapanmethee K, Chomnawang MT. In vitro assessment of Enterococcus faecalis MTC 1032 as the potential probiotic in food supplements. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2384-2394. [PMID: 30042553 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics become important bacteria in our daily life due to their benefit on human health. In this study, a subset of bacterial strains from children was isolated and evaluated for beneficial probiotic traits such as antimicrobial activity, bile and acid tolerance, and pathogenic cell adherence inhibition. The strain with the best antimicrobial activity was selected for further characterization on the basis of morphological, biochemical characteristics and gene sequence. This strain was Gram-positive, oxidase and catalase-negative, and it produced acids by fermenting sugar and starch as carbon sources. Additionally, it could only hydrolyze bile-esculin, but not red blood cells. The 16S rDNA gene sequence revealed that this strain was Enterococcus faecalis. Interestingly, this strain effectively inhibited a variety of pathogens by acid and bacteriocin production and was bile-tolerant, able to survive under acidic condition. In the safety assessments, E. faecalis MTC 1032 could adhere to host epithelial cells and evidently inhibited pathogenic cell adhesion as demonstrated by cell reduction over time of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. typhimurium ATCC 13311 on Caco-2 cell line. In summary, it was clearly represented that E. faecalis MTC 1032 provided suitable properties and could be a candidate as a probiotic strain in food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikhwan Tinrat
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800 Thailand
| | - Piyatip Khuntayaporn
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayudthaya Road, Rachathevi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Krit Thirapanmethee
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayudthaya Road, Rachathevi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Mullika Traidej Chomnawang
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayudthaya Road, Rachathevi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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23
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Lauková A, Kandričáková A, Ščerbová J, Szabóová R, Plachá I, Čobanová K, Simonová MP, Strompfová V. In vivo Model Experiment Using Laying Hens Treated with Enterococcus faecium EM41 from Ostrich Faeces and its Enterocin EM41. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium EM41 is an isolate from ostrich faeces. It produces a thermo-stable proteinaceous substance, bacteriocin (enterocin) EM41 with the highest inhibition activity in late logarithmic phase of growth (25 600 AU/ml). This strain and its enterocin have not been previously tested in animals. Lohmann Brown laying hens (aged 45 weeks) were involved in this model/pilot experiment, divided into 3 groups 6 birds in each. E. faecium EM41 applied was a variant treated with rifampicin (109 cfu/ml, dose 400 μl/animal/day) to differentiate it from the other enterococci. Partially-purified enterocin EM41 (Ent EM41, dose 40 μl/animal/day) and its producer were applied to water for 21 days. The experiment lasted 35 days. Sampling was performed at days 0-1, 21 (3 weeks of additive application), 35 (2 weeks after cessation of additive application) from every bird. E. faecium EM41 sufficiently colonized the intestinal tract of laying hens from the initial concentration 109 cfu/g, its count reached 4.30 log cfu/g at day 21. PCR genotypization confirmed the identity of the EM41 strain with the species Enterococcus faecium. E. faecium EM41 and its enterocin EM41 showed antimicrobial effects demonstrated by reduction of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Campylobacter spp. The hens were Salmonella spp. free. After administration of both additives, phagocytic activity was stimulated with a significant increase. The additives did not negatively influence biochemical and haematological parameters or weight gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Anna Kandričáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Renáta Szabóová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Komenského 73, 041 83 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Iveta Plachá
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Monika Pogány Simonová
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - Viola Strompfová
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
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Hwanhlem N, Ivanova T, Biscola V, Choiset Y, Haertlé T. Bacteriocin producing Enterococcus faecalis isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tract originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand: Isolation, screening, safety evaluation and probiotic properties. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bäuerl C, Umu ÖCO, Hernandez PE, Diep DB, Pérez-Martínez G. A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28784971 DOI: 10.3791/56053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Very intriguing questions arise with our advancing knowledge on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with health, particularly relating to the factors that contribute to maintaining the population balance. However, there are limited available methodologies to evaluate these factors. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by many bacteria that may confer a competitive advantage for food acquisition and/or niche establishment. Many probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have great potential to promote human and animal health by preventing the growth of pathogens. They can also be used for immuno-modulation, as they produce bacteriocins. However, the antagonistic activity of bacteriocins is normally determined by laboratory bioassays under well-defined but over-simplified conditions compared to the complex gut environment in humans and animals, where bacteria face multifactorial influences from the host and hundreds of microbial species sharing the same niche. This work describes a complete and efficient procedure to assess the effect of a variety of bacteriocins with different target specificities in a murine system. Changes in the microbiota composition during the bacteriocin treatment are monitored using compositional 16S rDNA sequencing. Our approach uses both the bacteriocin producers and their isogenic non-bacteriocin-producing mutants, the latter giving the ability to distinguish bacteriocin-related from non-bacteriocin-related modifications of the microbiota. The fecal DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing methods are consistent and, together with the bioinformatics, constitute a powerful procedure to find faint changes in the bacterial profiles and to establish correlations, in terms of cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, between bacterial populations and health markers. Our protocol is generic and can thus be used to study other compounds or nutrients with the potential to alter the host microbiota composition, either when studying toxicity or beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrstine Bäuerl
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - Özgun C O Umu
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
| | - Pablo E Hernandez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
| | - Gaspar Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC);
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26
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Ščerbová J, Lauková A. Escherichia coli strains from ostriches and their sensitivity to antimicrobial substances. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 19:415-23. [PMID: 27487518 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ostriches are bred especially for their high-quality meat. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the ostrich's microflora. Escherichia coli is a commensal microorganism of the poultry intestine, ostriches included. However, some strains may become pathogenic. This study was therefore undertaken to detect coliform bacteria in ostrich faeces and to test their antibiotic profile and sensitivity to enterocins. Faeces (n=54, 18 mixture samples from 3 different age groups of 140 ostriches) were sampled to isolate coliform bacteria. The counts of coliform bacteria varied from 5.69 ± 2.4 log10 CFU/g to 5.73 ± 2.4 CFU/g. Pure colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry and confirmed by phenotypization. Seventy-one strains were allotted to the species E. coli. Sixty-four of those 71 strains caused hemolysis. They were mostly polyresistant to antibiotics. Thirty-two poly-resistant strains of E. coli were sensitive to enterocins. These strains were most sensitive to Ent 9296 (26 strains). Moreover, Ent EM41 produced by E. faecium EM41 (isolated from ostrich faeces) inhibited the growth of 20 strains, reaching activity of 100 AU/ml. Our results indicate the possibility of enterocins being used for prevention/reduction of coliforms. Of course, in vivo studies are also being processed.
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Parveen Rani R, Anandharaj M, Hema S, Deepika R, David Ravindran A. Purification of Antilisterial Peptide (Subtilosin A) from Novel Bacillus tequilensis FR9 and Demonstrate Their Pathogen Invasion Protection Ability Using Human Carcinoma Cell Line. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1910. [PMID: 27990138 PMCID: PMC5133052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on isolation, screening, and characterization of novel probiotics from gastrointestinal tract of free-range chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Fifty seven colonies were isolated and three isolates (FR4, FR9, and FR12) were selected and identified as Lactobacillus gasseri FR4, Bacillus tequilensis FR9, and L. animalis FR12 by 16S rRNA sequencing. Three strains were able to survive in stimulated acidic and bile conditions and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Especially, FR9 exhibited maximum inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes and none of them exhibited hemolytic activity. Native-PAGE revealed the presence of low molecular weight (3.4-5.0 KDa) antimicrobial peptide. The peptide was further purified by Sephadex G-50 column and RP-HPLC using C18 column. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of antimicrobial peptide showed 100% consensus to antilisterial peptide Subtilosin A and SboA gene was amplified from FR9 genome. FR9 showed maximum aggregation activity, exopolysaccharide production (85.46 mg/L) and cholesterol assimilation (63.12 ± 0.05 μg/mL). Strong adhesion property (12.6%) and pathogen invasion protection ability was revealed by B. tequilensis FR9 towards HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell line. This is the first study to demonstrate antilisterial Subtilosin A production of B. tequilensis. Our results indicate that B. tequilensis FR9 strain furnish the essential characteristics of a potential probiotics and might be incorporated into human and animal food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Parveen Rani
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed UniversityGandhigram, India
| | | | - Subramani Hema
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed UniversityGandhigram, India
| | - Ramasamy Deepika
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed UniversityGandhigram, India
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28
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Ščerbová J, Lauková A. Sensitivity to Enterocins of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from Different Poultry Species. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:668-673. [PMID: 27602434 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. have been isolated from various animals, including poultry. They are rapidly transmitted throughout broiler sheds by the fecal-oral route. A promising strategy to reduce Campylobacter spp. in poultry may be done due to the beneficial properties of probiotic bacteria and their bacteriocins. In this study, inhibition spectrum/activity of different enterocins was evaluated against Campylobacter spp. (isolated from different poultry) to indicate further practical use of enterocins. Enterocins are antimicrobial proteinaceous substances produced mostly by enterococci. Feces from broiler chickens (10), laying hens (47), ostriches (140), and ducks (40) were screened. Altogether, 23 strains were allotted to the species Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and confirmed by genotyping (PCR method). In the feces of ostriches, Campylobacter spp. were not confirmed. Campylobacter spp. isolated from different poultry showed resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Interestingly, strains demonstrating antibiotic resistance revealed sensitivity to at least one of the nine enterocins used (except C. coli Kc1, SZ3, and C. jejuni 1/D). Almost 52% strains were inhibited by Ent A (P). Enterocins can therefore be used to prevent or reduce Campylobacter spp.; it is a basis for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology , Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Lauková A, Szabóová R, Pleva P, Buňková L, Chrastinová Ľ. Decarboxylase-positive Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from rabbit meat and their sensitivity to enterocins. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:31-37. [PMID: 28070313 PMCID: PMC5217907 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the study was to determine sensitivity of Enterococcus faecium strains from rabbit meat to enterocins. Results Twenty‐five decarboxylase‐positive strains (from rabbit meat) allotted to the species E. faecium by genotypization and by MALDI TOF MS spectrometry identification (evaluation score value range 2.104–2.359; in the range for highly probable species identification‐score value 2.300–3.000 and secure probable species identification/probable species identification‐2.000–2.299) were studied. Seventeen strains were gelatinase positive. Although they did not produce histamine (HIS), spermidine, and spermine, they produce at least one among seven tested biogenic amines (BAs) in small amounts (2–10 mg/L) or up to very high amounts (>1000 mg/L). Putrescine was produced by two strains. These decarboxylase‐positive strains were sensitive to enterocins (Ents). All strains were sensitive to Ent 2019 and Ent 55 (inhibitory activity from 200 to 819 200 AU/mL). Twenty‐two strains were inhibited by Ent A(P) and Ent 4231; 20 strains were sensitive to Ent M. Conclusion Our results have spread the basic knowledge related to inhibitory spectrum of enterocins showing sensitivity of decarboxylase‐positive strains to enterocins. Protective possibilities of enterocins in meat processing were also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences Šoltésovej 4-6 Košice 040 01 Slovakia
| | - Renata Szabóová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Komenského 73 Košice 041 83 Slovakia
| | - Pavel Pleva
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering Faculty of Technology Tomáš Bat'a University in Zlín T.G. Masaryka 5555 Zlín 760 01 Czech Republic
| | - Leona Buňková
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering Faculty of Technology Tomáš Bat'a University in Zlín T.G. Masaryka 5555 Zlín 760 01 Czech Republic
| | - Ľubica Chrastinová
- Department of Nutrition National Agricultural and Food Centre Hlohovecká 2 Nitra-Lužianky 7949 41 Slovakia
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Sameh AG, Rehab MAEB, Abo BFA, Gamal FMG. In vitro evaluation of probiotic potential of five lactic acid bacteria and their antimicrobial activity against some enteric and food-borne pathogens. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2016; 10:400-409. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Kandričáková A, Lauková A, Ščerbová J. Staphylococci Related to Farm Ostriches and Their Sensitivity to Enterocins. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:142-7. [PMID: 26854524 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Slovakia, ostriches are reared mainly for their meat. There is still limited information related to microflora of ostriches, including staphylococci. Knowing the composition of microflora is very important for the recognition of potential pathogenic agents. Recently, a frequent problem in animals is the occurrence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to detect staphylococcal species in feces of farm ostriches and to test their sensitivity to antibiotics and enterocins. Altogether 140 ostriches from three age groups were sampled (n = 18, faecal mixture samples from each group) on a farm in Slovakia or on Slovak farm. From 54 fecal samples, the staphylococcal count reached an average 4. 3 ± 0. 63 (log10) CFU/g. Twenty-four lactic acid producing strains were taxonomically classified to eight species of the genus Staphylococcus: Staphylococcus equorum, S. xylosus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnii, S. succinus, S. warneri, and S. hominis. Strains were evaluated by secure probable species identification/probable species identification (score value up to 2.299) confirmed also by phenotypization. Most strains were sensitive to antibiotics. Four strains (S. haemolyticus SHae 111, S. haemolyticus SHAe 371, S. xylosus SX 2133, and S. warneri SW 292) were resistant to methicillin but sensitive to six or five of the seven enterocins tested (inhibitory activity 200-12,800 AU/mL). S. warneri SW 292 was sensitive to all enterocins (activity up to 12,800 AU/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kandričáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences , Šoltésovej, Košice, Slovakia
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Kandričáková A, Lauková A, Strompfová V. Characteristic and susceptibility to enterocins of enterococci in pheasants possessing virulence factor genes. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 18:507-14. [PMID: 26618582 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing number of pheasants as gamebirds being reared each year, these species are becoming a more prominent part of the workload of many veterinary practices. Only limited information can be found concerning the microflora of common pheasants. A significant part of the obligate microflora consists of lactic acid bacteria, including enterococci. In this study, faeces were sampled from 60 pheasants aged 16-17 weeks. Enterococcal counts reached 5.48±1.9 (log10) CFU/g. Strains (17) were taxonomically classified to the genus Enterococcus using the Maldi-Tof identification system; they were allotted to the species E. hirae (58.8%), E. faecium (23.5%) and E. faecalis (17.7%) by highly probable species identification or by secure genus identification/probable species identication. Species allocation was also confirmed using conventional biochemical tests. Most strains formed β-hemolysis. Gelatinase active phenotype was found in three E. faecalis strains. Enterococci were β-glucuronidase negative, mostly trypsin negative with slight or moderate production of α-chymotrypsin. EH52b and EF42 strains possessed the highest potential for pathogenicity. Average value of lactic acid was 1.78±0.33 mmo/L. Most strains were tetracycline resistant (82.4%). Polyresistant E. faecalis strains with positive gelatinase phenotype and possessing virulence factor genes confirmed using PCR (gelE, efaAfs, ccf cob, cpd) were sensitive to enterocins (activity 1600-25,600 AU/mL).
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Lauková A, Chrastinová L, Pogány Simonová M, Strompfová V, Plachá I, Čobanová K, Formelová Z, Chrenková M, Ondruška L. Enterococcus faecium AL 41: Its Enterocin M and Their Beneficial Use in Rabbits Husbandry. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 4:243-9. [PMID: 26782184 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous microbiota constituting a large proportion of autochthonous microflora in animals. Some produce bacteriocins mostly enterocins; some of bacteriocin-producing strains also possess probiotic properties. Enterococcus faecium AL 41, Ent M-producing strain was tested for beneficial effect in rabbits. Five-week-old animals (72, Hycole) were divided into experimental groups (E1, E2) and control (C); 24 animals in each. Rabbits in E1 were administered AL 41 (500 μl per animal/day, 10(9) cfu/ml) in water for 21 days; rabbits in E2 were administered Ent M (50 μl/animal/day, activity 12,800 AU/ml) in water for 21 days. Rabbits in C fed a commercial diet. The experiment lasted 42 days. Sampling of faeces and blood was provided on day 0-1 and 21, 42; 3 animals per group were slaughtered. Caecum and appendix were separated. AL 41 colonized rabbits intestines <1.0 (log10) cfu/g, but stimulation of immunity was noted (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). Antimicrobial activity of both was noticed in faeces and/or caecum against pseudomonads. Significant decrease of coliform bacteria in faeces of E1 was noted on day 42 comparing with E2 (P < 0.05). On day 21, S. aureus cells were not detected in E1, E2. On day 42, S. aureus was not found in E2; in E1 their counts were <1.0 cfu/g, while in C it was in the count more than 1.0 cfu/g. In appendix, on day 21, significant decrease of not specified bacteria was found in E1, E2 comparing with C (P < 0.01). Administration of additives has not evoked oxidative stress. Biochemical parameters were not influenced. Higher average daily weight gains were detected by both, AL 41 and Ent M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - L'ubica Chrastinová
- Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra-Lužianky, Hlohovecká 2, 949 00, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Monika Pogány Simonová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Viola Strompfová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Plachá
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Formelová
- Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra-Lužianky, Hlohovecká 2, 949 00, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Chrenková
- Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra-Lužianky, Hlohovecká 2, 949 00, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - L'ubomír Ondruška
- Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra-Lužianky, Hlohovecká 2, 949 00, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Lauková A, Kandričáková A, Ščerbová J, Strompfová V. Enterococci isolated from farm ostriches and their relation to enterocins. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:275-81. [PMID: 26603748 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the detection of enterococci in ostrich faeces. Forty-six bacterial colonies from 140 ostriches were identified at the species level using the MALDI-TOF MS identification system. According to the score value evaluation, they were allotted to the species Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus mundtii confirmed also by phenotypic testing. Dominated species E. hirae (34 strains) were submitted to more detailed testing. Those strains E. hirae produced either no or only slight amount of the enzymes related to disorders (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, α-chymotrypsin, trypsin). Most of the strains were not hemolytic. They did not harbour the hiracin-producing gene. Five E. hirae strains harboured virulence factor gene gelE; however, they were phenotypically gelatinase negative. They also harboured other virulence factor genes such as esp, efaAfm and ccf. E. hirae strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics and those resistant at least to one antibiotic were sensitive to enterocins (200-25,600 AU/mL). This study represents original and novel results concerning the enterococcal microflora in ostriches; enterococci in ostriches have not been described in detail up to now; sensitivity to enterocins of E. hirae strains harbouring virulence factor genes to enterocins is also new.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Kandričáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viola Strompfová
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
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Karaffová V, Bobíková K, Husáková E, Levkut M, Herich R, Revajová V, Levkutová M, Levkut M. Interaction of TGF-β4 and IL-17 with IgA secretion in the intestine of chickens fed with E. faecium AL41 and challenged with S. Enteritidis. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Genetic Diversity and Some Aspects of Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Goat Milk. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:2806-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kim JY, Young JA, Gunther NW, Lee JL. Inhibition of S
almonella
by Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria Derived from U.S. Kimchi and Broiler Chicken. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Human Ecology; Food Science Program; College of Agricultural and Related Sciences; Delaware State University; Dover DE 19901
| | - Janay A. Young
- Department of Human Ecology; Food Science Program; College of Agricultural and Related Sciences; Delaware State University; Dover DE 19901
| | - Nereus W. Gunther
- Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit; United States Department of Agriculture; Wyndmoor PA
| | - Jung-Lim Lee
- Department of Human Ecology; Food Science Program; College of Agricultural and Related Sciences; Delaware State University; Dover DE 19901
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Bali V, Panesar PS, Bera MB, Kennedy JF. Bacteriocins: Recent Trends and Potential Applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:817-34. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.729231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Probiotic potential, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Enterococcus durans strain LAB18s. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Banwo K, Sanni A, Tan H. Functional Properties ofPediococcusSpecies Isolated from Traditional Fermented Cereal Gruel and Milk in Nigeria. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2012.755626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Hossain M, Ko S, Kim G, Firman J, Yang C. Evaluation of probiotic strains for development of fermented Alisma canaliculatum and their effects on broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:3121-31. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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42
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Banwo K, Sanni A, Tan H. Technological properties and probiotic potential of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from cow milk. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:229-41. [PMID: 23035976 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify enterococci from the fermentation of milk for the production of nono, an African fermented dairy product, to determine the technological properties for suitability as starter cultures and safety as probiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus faecium CM4 and Enterococcus faecium 2CM1 were isolated from raw cow's milk. The strains were phenotypically and genotypically identified. Technological properties, safety investigations, in vitro adherence properties and antimicrobial characteristics were carried out. Strong acidification and tolerance to bile salts were recorded. The strains were bile salts hydrolytic positive and no haemolysis. There was no resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The strains exhibited adherence to human collagen type IV, human fibrinogen and fibronectin. The bacteriocins were active against Bacillus cereus DSM 2301, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriocins were stable at pH 4-9 and on treatment with lipase, catalase, α-amylase and pepsin, while their activity was lost on treatment with other proteases. The bacteriocins produced were heat stable at 100°C for 10 min. The bacteriocin produced by the strains was identified as enterocin A. CONCLUSIONS The E. faecium strains in this study exhibited probiotic activity, and the safety investigations indicate their suitability as good candidates for a starter culture fermentation process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The use of bacteriocin-producing E. faecium strains as starter cultures in fermented foods is beneficial but, however, their safety investigations as probiotics must be greatly emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Banwo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, P.M.B 1 Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Satish Kumar R, Kanmani P, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Purification and characterization of enterocin MC13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiontEnterococcus faeciumMC13 isolated from the gut ofMugil cephalus. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A bacteriocin producer strain MC13 was isolated from the gut of Mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as Enterococcus faecium . The bacteriocin of E. faecium MC13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by Tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 2.148 kDa. The clear zone in native PAGE corresponding to enterocin MC13 band further substantiated its molecular mass. A dialyzed sample (semicrude preparation) of enterocin MC13 was broad spectrum in its action and inhibited important seafood-borne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , and Vibrio vulnificus . This antibacterial substance was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes: trypsin, protease, and chymotrypsin but insensitive to catalase and lipase, confirming that inhibition was due to the proteinaceous molecule, i.e., bacteriocin, and not due to hydrogen peroxide. Enterocin MC13 tolerated heat treatment (up to 90 °C for 20 min). Enterococcus faecium MC13 was effective in bile salt tolerance, acid tolerance, and adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. These properties reveal the potential of E. faecium MC13 to be a probiotic bacterium. Enterococcus faecium MC13 could be used as potential fish probiotic against pathogens such as V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi , and Aeromonas hydrophila in fisheries. Also, this could be a valuable seafood biopreservative against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Satish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - P. Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - N. Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - K.A. Paari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - V. Pattukumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - V. Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Almeida T, Brandão A, Muñoz-Atienza E, Gonçalves A, Torres C, Igrejas G, Hernández PE, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Poeta P. Identification of bacteriocin genes in enterococci isolated from game animals and saltwater fish. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1252-60. [PMID: 21819651 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins produced by enterococci, referred to as enterocins, possess great interest for their potential use as biopreservatives in food and feed, as well as alternative antimicrobials in humans and animals. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial activity and the presence of bacteriocin structural genes in fecal enterococcal isolates from animal origins. Evaluation of the direct antimicrobial activity of 253 isolates from wild boars (Sus scrofa, n = 69), mullets (Liza ramada, n = 117), and partridges (Perdix perdix, n = 67) against eight indicator bacterial strains (including Listeria monocytogenes, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Enterococcus spp.) showed that 177 (70%) exerted antimicrobial activity against at least one indicator microorganism. From these isolates, 123 were further selected on the basis of their inhibition group, and 81 were found to be producers of bacteriocins active against Listeria monocytogenes. Analysis of the presence of enterocin structural genes in a subset of 36 isolates showed that 70% harbored one or more of the evaluated genes, those of enterocin P and hiracin JM79 being the most prevalent. These results show that wild animals constitute an appropriate source for the isolation of bacteriocinogenic enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Almeida
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Levkut M, Revajová V, Lauková A, Ševčíková Z, Spišáková V, Faixová Z, Levkutová M, Strompfová V, Pistl J, Levkut M. Leukocytic responses and intestinal mucin dynamics of broilers protected with Enterococcus faecium EF55 and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:195-201. [PMID: 21767856 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of Enterococcus faecium EF55 in chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (SE PT4) was assessed. The antibacterial effect on the bacterial microflora in the small intestine in relation to white blood cell count, phenotyping of peripheral blood and intestinal lymphocytes, functional activity of lymphocytes and phagocytes and mucin quantitation were investigated. Day-old chicks (85) were randomly divided into four groups. The probiotic group (EF) and Salmonella+probiotic group (EFSE) received E. faecium EF55 (10(9) CFU - 3 g/group/day) for 21 days. The Salmonella group (SE) and EFSE group were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis (10(8) CFU in 0.2 ml PBS) in a single dose per os on day four of the experiment. The control group chicks (C) were fed a commercial diet without added bacteria. Supplementation of EF55 in the diet of the chickens in the EFSE group, challenged with S. Enteritidis, caused the density of the intestinal mucin layer to increase significantly in non-specific regions (duodenum and jejunum), but decrease significantly in target regions (caeca) for S. Enteritidis. Probiotic treatment also appeared to result in a significantly higher number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and a tendency to increase CD3, CD4, CD8, and IgM positive cells 3 days post-infection with S. Enteritidis. The results demonstrated an antibacterial effect and suggested that EF55 had a moderating effect on intestinal mucin production and leukocytic response in the early phase of S. Enteritidis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Ozdemir GB, Oryaşın E, Bıyık HH, Ozteber M, Bozdoğan B. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bacteriocins in enterococcal isolates of different sources. Indian J Microbiol 2011; 51:182-7. [PMID: 22654162 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A collection of 57 enterococcal isolates from different origin (including river, treatment plant, spring and garbage water, soil, animal, and vegetables from Aydın) was screened for the production of bacteriocins. Enterococci were identified at species levels as Enterococcus faecium (34), E. hirae (6), E. casseliflavus (4), E. durans (4), E. faecalis (4), E. mundtii (3) and E. avium (2). Of the 57 isolates 40 of them inhibited the growth of at least one indicator bacterium. Based on our PCR results 54 strains possesed enterocin genes. The genes of entA and entB were the most frequently detected structural genes among the PCR positive strains (54 and 53 strains, respectively) and the entB gene was always associated with entA gene. The highest combination of enterocin genes (24 of 54 strains) detected was entA, entB, entP and entL50A/B. The enterocins AS-48 and CylL(LS) genes were not found. Three enterococcal isolates, 2 E. faecium and 1 E. hirae were not harbour any of tested enterocin genes. No correlation between the presence of enterocin structural genes and the origin of the strain was detected, also no relationship seemed to exist between the tested enterocin genes and the activity spectra of isolates. Genes encoding bacteriocins are widely disseminated among enterocci from different origin and more studies should be done for evaluate industrial potential of bacteriocins. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12088-011-0143-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Liu G, Griffiths MW, Wu P, Wang H, Zhang X, Li P. Enterococcus faecium LM-2, a multi-bacteriocinogenic strain naturally occurring in “Byaslag”, a traditional cheese of Inner Mongolia in China. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Growing insights into the safety of bacteriocins: the case of enterocin S37. Res Microbiol 2010; 162:159-63. [PMID: 21035542 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Very few studies have been reported on the cytotoxicity and impact of bacteriocins, and especially enterocins, upon eukaryotic cells. In order to gain more information on the safety of bacteriocins, we focused this study on enterocin S37, a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis S37. We observed dose-dependent cytotoxicity toward undifferentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells. Moreover, no significant effect on differentiated monolayer Caco-2/TC7 and no apoptotic features were observed when cells were treated with 10 μg/ml of enterocin S37. The results obtained indicate possible safe use of enterocin S37 in the gastrointestinal tract of animals to prevent pathogen invasion and/or infection.
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Todorov SD, Wachsman M, Tomé E, Dousset X, Destro MT, Dicks LMT, de Melo Franco BDG, Vaz-Velho M, Drider D. Characterisation of an antiviral pediocin-like bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:869-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leusink G, Rempel H, Skura B, Berkyto M, White W, Yang Y, Rhee J, Xuan S, Chiu S, Silversides F, Fitzpatrick S, Diarra M. Growth performance, meat quality, and gut microflora of broiler chickens fed with cranberry extract. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1514-23. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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