1
|
Klimek L, Werminghaus P, Casper I, Cuevas M. The pharmacotherapeutic management of allergic rhinitis in people with asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:101-111. [PMID: 38281139 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2307476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to 90% of asthmatic patients have comorbid allergic rhinitis (AR). Although appropriate therapy of AR can improve asthma symptoms and management, AR is often underdiagnosed and under-treated in asthmatics.A non-systematic literature research was conducted on AR as a comorbidity and risk factor of asthma. Latest international publications in medical databases, international guidelines, and the Internet were reviewed. AREAS COVERED Based on the conducted literature research there is proved evidence of the necessity of diagnosis and treatment of AR in patients with asthma because it affects health care utilization. Therefore, it is recommended in national and global guidelines. EXPERT OPINION AR increases the risk of asthma development and contributes to the severity of an existing asthma. Early treatment of AR with drugs as intranasal steroids, antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and especially allergen-specific immunotherapy can reduce the risk of asthma development and the concomitant medication use in addition to severity of symptoms in AR and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Casper
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Mandy Cuevas
- Clinic and Policlinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Chen R, Kong L, Sun Y, Deng J. Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1282130. [PMID: 38178883 PMCID: PMC10764552 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1282130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is high worldwide. The inhalation of allergens induces AR, which is an immunoglobulin E-mediated and type 2 inflammation-driven disease. Recently, the role of neuroimmune communication in AR pathogenesis has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU), released via "axon reflexes" or "central sensitization" exert regulatory effects on immune cells to elicit "neurogenic inflammation," which contributes to nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) in AR. Additionally, neuropeptides can be produced in immune cells. The frequent colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at certain anatomical regions promotes the establishment of neuroimmune cell units, such as nerve-mast cells, nerve-type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), nerve-eosinophils and nerve-basophils units. Receptors expressed both on immune cells and neurons, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediate AR pathogenesis. This review focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying neuroimmune communication in AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carvalho T, Mello Jr JFD, Caldini ETEG, Salgado DC, Carvalho NMGD, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Voegels RL. Perivascular Innervation in the Nasal Mucosa and Clinical Findings in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Idiopathic Rhinitis. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 27:e723-e732. [PMID: 37876708 PMCID: PMC10593529 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The nonspecific hyperreactivity of rhinitis has been attributed to neurotrophins activating sensory nerves and inflammatory cells. The relationship between these markers and the intensity of the symptoms is not well established and few studies have evaluated individuals with idiopathic rhinitis. Objective The present study aims to evaluate whether perivascular innervation and nerve growth factor (NGF) are related to the intensity of the clinical conditions in allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR). Methods A total of 15 patients with AR and 15 patients with IR with the indication for inferior turbinectomy (associated or not with septoplasty) were selected. The patients received a score according to their signs and symptoms. After the surgery, we quantified eosinophils, mast cells, NGF, and nerve fibers in the nasal turbinate. Results The score of the signs and symptoms was higher in the AR group. Nerve growth factor was found in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells in the submucosa in greater quantity in the AR group. The nerve fibers were distributed throughout the tissue, mainly in the subepithelial, glandular, and vascular regions, and there was no difference between the groups. Greater perivascular innervation was associated with a higher signs and symptoms score. Conclusions We concluded that these findings suggest that the NGF produced by submucosal inflammatory cells stimulates increased perivascular innervation in rhinitis, thus directly reflecting in more intense clinical conditions, especially in AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ferreira de Mello Jr
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Grupo de Alergia em Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elia Tamaso Espin Garcia Caldini
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pathology Department, Cellular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilsa Regina Damaceno-Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratórios de Investigação Médica (LIM 59), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Louis Voegels
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klimek L, Werminghaus P, Bergmann C, Hagemann J, Huppertz T, Bärhold F, Klimek F, Dziadziulia K, Casper I, Polk ML, Cuevas M, Gröger M, Becker S. [Neuroimmunology of allergic rhinitis : Part 1: Cellular and humoral basic principles]. HNO 2023; 71:337-346. [PMID: 37041304 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disease with a high prevalence worldwide. It is an IgE-mediated type 2 inflammatory disease following exposure to inhalant allergens. A multitude of different neuropeptides including substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU) can be released via peripheral axon or central reflexes, interact with immune cells, and thus contribute to neurogenic inflammation which causes the nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) characteristic of AR. Independent production of neuroendocrine hormones and neuropeptides by immune cells has also been demonstrated. Neuro-immune cell units arise when immune and neuronal cells colocalize, for which typical anatomic regions are, e.g., the mast cell-nerve functional unit. The focus of this review is the elucidation of neuroimmune communication mechanisms in AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
| | - P Werminghaus
- Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde und Allergologie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - C Bergmann
- Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, Klinik RKM 740, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J Hagemann
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - T Huppertz
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - F Bärhold
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - F Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - K Dziadziulia
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - I Casper
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - M-L Polk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Cuevas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Gröger
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik München, München, Deutschland
| | - S Becker
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Pattern Is Similar between Allergic Rhinitis and Atopic Dermatitis but Distinct from Atopic Asthma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7196981. [PMID: 32596360 PMCID: PMC7305544 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7196981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods In the study, we included 86 children diagnosed with atopic asthma (n = 25), allergic rhinitis (n = 20), and atopic dermatitis (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (n = 21) of Caucasian origin from the Polish population. The blood leukocyte expression of 31 genes involved in neuroinflammatory response (neurotrophins, their receptors, neuropeptides, and histamine signaling pathway) was analysed using TaqMan low-density arrays. The relative expression of selected proteins from plasma was done using TaqMan Protein Assays. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica. Results Blood expression of 31 genes related to neuroimmune interactions showed significant increase in both allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, in comparison to the control group. We found 12 genes significantly increased in allergic rhinitis and 9 genes in which the expression was elevated in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, 9 genes with changed expression in atopic dermatitis overlapped with those in allergic rhinitis. Atopic asthma showed 5 genes with altered expression. The peripheral expression of neuroinflammatory genes in the human study was verified in target tissues (nasal epithelium and skin) in a rat model of allergic inflammation. Conclusions A common pattern of neuroinflammatory gene expression between allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis may reflect similar changes in sensory nerve function during chronic allergic inflammation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ozcan C, Ismi O, Kara T, Polat G, Erdogan O, Balci Fidanci S, Vayisoglu Y, Gorur K. Is There any Possible Role of Neurotrophin 3 in the Pathogenesis of Antrochoanal Polyp? Medeni Med J 2020; 35:40-46. [PMID: 32733748 PMCID: PMC7384499 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2020.78889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a benign soft tissue lesion arising from the inner wall of the maxillary sinus that extends into the nasal cavity and choana. Although it was first explained by Killian in 1906, the underlying pathogenesis has not been yet fully understood. Neurotrophins have been demonstrated to have a possible role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, idiopathic rhinitis and nasal polyps. To date any study has not investigated the function of neuronal inflammation and neurotrophins in the development of ACP. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effect of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in ACP pathogenesis. Method: Twenty adult patients with ACP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in our department were included in the study group. The control group included 15 patients with concha bullosa of middle concha who underwent lateral excisional surgery. Nasal tissue NT-3 staining scores were evaluated using immunohistochemical methods. Blood NT-3 levels of both groups were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups regarding tissue NT-3 staining scores (p=0.843) and blood NT-3 levels (p=0.463). In addition, no statistically significant correlation has been observed between tissue NT-3 staining scores and blood NT-3 levels in both ACP (p=0.578) and control (p=0.359) group patients. Conclusion: NT-3-related neuronal inflammation does not seem to have any role in ACP pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Ozcan
- Mersin University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Onur Ismi
- Mersin University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kara
- Mersin University, Department of Pathology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gurbuz Polat
- Mersin University, Department of Biochemistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Osman Erdogan
- Mersin University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Yusuf Vayisoglu
- Mersin University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kemal Gorur
- Mersin University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Is there any effect of neurotrophin-3 on the pathogenesis of non-allergic nasal polyps? The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2018; 132:724-728. [PMID: 29974835 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nasal polyps development has been studied, the contribution of neurotrophin-3 has not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of neurotrophin-3 in nasal polyps pathogenesis. METHODS The study group comprised 70 non-allergic nasal polyps patients and the control group consisted of 53 patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa. Specimens were taken, during surgery, from the ethmoid sinus nasal polyps in the nasal polyps group and from the lateral part of the middle turbinate concha bullosa in the control group. Tissue and serum levels of neurotrophin-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS Nasal polyps patients had higher tissue neurotrophin-3 scores (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding serum neurotrophin-3 levels (p = 0.417). Tissue neurotrophin-3 staining scores in the nasal polyps group had no statistically significant correlation with Lund-Mackay scores (p = 0.792). CONCLUSION Neurotrophin-3 may have a local effect in nasal polyps pathogenesis, without joining systemic circulation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z. El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sahar M. Jaffal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miyagi M, Ishikawa T, Kamoda H, Suzuki M, Inoue G, Sakuma Y, Oikawa Y, Uchida K, Suzuki T, Takahashi K, Takaso M, Ohtori S. The efficacy of nerve growth factor antibody in a mouse model of neuropathic cancer pain. Exp Anim 2016; 65:337-343. [PMID: 27194075 PMCID: PMC5111836 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic cancer pain is caused by tumors compressing the spinal nerve roots and is
usually difficult to treat. The aim of current study was to determine the influence of NGF
antibody on pain-related markers and behavior in a mouse model of neuropathic cancer pain.
Twenty mice were used to model neuropathic cancer pain by applying murine sarcoma cells to
their left sciatic nerve. Ten mice were sham operated. Two weeks after surgery, the murine
sarcoma-affected mice were allocated randomly into treatment groups receiving either
sterile saline (saline group) or an anti-nerve growth factor antibody (anti-NGF group).
Three weeks after surgery (a week after treatment), the pain-related behavior of mice was
evaluated using a CatWalk system. Subsequently, bilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from
the L4–L6 levels and spinal cords at L4–L6 levels were resected. DRGs were immunostained
for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3),
and spinal cords were immunostained for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1
(iba-1). Mechanical allodynia was observed in mice from the saline group and was improved
in mice from the anti-NGF group. CGRP and ATF-3-immunoreactivity in DRGs and microglia
expression in the spinal dorsal horn were upregulated in the saline group compared with
the sham group, and they were suppressed in the anti-NGF group compared with the saline
group (P<0.05). These findings suggest that anti-NGF therapy might be
valuable for treating neuropathic cancer pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara city, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demirtürk M, Gelincik A, Ulusan M, Ertek B, Büyüköztürk S, Çolakoğlu B. The importance of mold sensitivity in nonallergic rhinitis patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:716-21. [PMID: 26880361 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent studies, local specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) production against allergens in nasal mucosa and a positive response to a nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) have been demonstrated in some patients initially diagnosed as nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) or idiopathic rhinitis (IR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in patients who experience rhinitis symptoms in indoor and outdoor moldy conditions and to investigate the role of the NAPT in diagnosis. METHODS A total of 40 NAR patients with a history of persistent rhinitis and who had negative skin-prick tests (SPTs) and serum sIgE levels to common aeroallergens, as well as 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. NAPTs were performed with Aspergillus fumigatus (group 1) or a mixture of Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum extracts (group 2). RESULTS In patient nasal lavage fluids, tryptase and mold sIgE levels were not significantly different from the control group. NAPT with Aspergillus fumigatus was positive in 8 of 12 NAR patients (66.6%) in group 1 and NAPT with the mixture of extracts was positive in 9 of 13 NAR patients (69.2%) in group 2. CONCLUSION This study suggests that LAR may exist in a significant number of the persistent rhinitis patients who were previously considered as NAR based on negative SPTs or serum sIgE tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating a nasal local allergic response to both indoor and outdoor molds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Demirtürk
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Gelincik
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ulusan
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belkıs Ertek
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Büyüköztürk
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Çolakoğlu
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
İsmi O, Özcan C, Karabacak T, Polat G, Vayisoğlu Y, Güçlütürk T, Görür K. Local Effect of Neurotrophin-3 in Neuronal Inflammation of Allergic Rhinitis: Preliminary Report. Balkan Med J 2015; 32:364-70. [PMID: 26740895 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.151028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a common inflammatory nasal mucosal disease characterized by sneezing, watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and itching. Although allergen-specific antibodies play a main role in the allergic airway inflammation, neuronal inflammation may also contribute to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Neuronal inflammation is primarily caused by the stimulation of sensory nerve endings with histamine. It has been shown that neurotrophins may also have a role in allergic reactions and neuronal inflammation. Nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are members of the neurotrophin family. Although nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are well studied in allergic rhinitis patients, the exact role of Neurotrophin-3 is not known. AIMS To investigate the possible roles of neurotrophin-3 in allergic rhinitis patients. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Neurotrophin-3 levels were studied in the inferior turbinate and serum samples of 20 allergic rhinitis and 13 control patients. Neurotrophin-3 staining of nasal tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and ELISA was used for the determination of serum Neurotrophin-3 levels. RESULTS Neurotrophin-3 staining scores were statistically higher in the study group than in the control patients (p=0.001). Regarding serum Neurotrophin-3 levels, no statistically significant difference could be determined between allergic rhinitis and control patients (p=0.156). When comparing the serum NT-3 levels with tissue staining scores, there were no statistically significant differences in the allergic rhinitis and control groups (p=0.254 for allergic rhinitis and p=0.624 for control groups). CONCLUSION We suggest that Neurotrophin-3 might affect the nasal mucosa locally without being released into the systemic circulation in allergic rhinitis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur İsmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Özcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuba Karabacak
- Department of Pathology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gürbüz Polat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Vayisoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Taylan Güçlütürk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziantep State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kemal Görür
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Undem BJ. Is nerve growth factor involved in the symptoms of rhinitis? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 109:154. [PMID: 22920067 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|