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Zeng J, Ma F, Zhai L, Du C, Zhao J, Li Z, Wang J. Recent advance in sesame allergens: Influence of food processing and their detection methods. Food Chem 2024; 448:139058. [PMID: 38531299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a valuable oilseed crop with numerous nutritional benefits containing a diverse range of bioactive compounds. However, sesame is also considered an allergenic food that triggers various mild to severe adverse reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis). Strict dietary avoidance of sesame components is the best option to protect the sensitized consumers. Sesame or sesame-derived foods are always consumed after certain food processing operations, which would cause a considerable impact on the structure of sesame proteins, changing their sensitization capacity and detectability. In the review, the molecular structure properties, and immunological characteristics of the sesame allergens were described. Meanwhile, the influence of food processing techniques on sesame proteins and the relevant detection techniques used for the sesame allergens quantification are also emphasized critically. Hopefully, this review could provide valuable insight into the development and management for the new "Big Eight" sesame allergen in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zeng
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China; Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Ligong Zhai
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Chuanlai Du
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Foods, Associated Discipline Key Laboratory of Whole Grain Nutrition and High-Value Utilization, Anhui Science and Technology University, No.9, Donghua Road, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China.
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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Linghu X, Qiu J, Wang S, Lu Y. Fluorescence immunoassay based on magnetic separation and ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a signal marker for intelligent detection of sesame allergen in foods. Talanta 2023; 256:124323. [PMID: 36758505 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To detect sesame allergens, a novel fluorescent immunoassay incorporating a magnetic separation step has been developed via two measurement devices: a fluorescence spectrophotometer and a smartphone equipped with a color reader. Sesame allergen monoclonal antibody (Ab) was covalently bonded with quantum dots (QDs) to act as a signal probe. The capture probes were synthesized as sesame allergen (SA) modified carboxyl-functional magnetic polystyrene microspheres (MPMs). Analytical variables such as the amount of modified SA, the reaction volume of the QDs-Ab, the ionic strength, the pH, and the incubation time of the reaction were optimized. The analytical range and the limit of detection (LOD) of the spectrophotometer-based assay were 80-640 μg/L and 12.75 μg/L, respectively. The analytical range and the LOD with smartphone read-out were 80-640 μg/L and 10.15 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the developed assay using the fluorescence spectrophotometer and the smartphone read-out was successfully applied to field testing of SA in solution extracts of biscuits, bread, almond beverage, and energy bars with acceptable results. The recovery rates were in the range 89-108%. It was concluded that the new assay may be used for rapid sesame allergen testing in the laboratory and in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Linghu
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jinping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - ShaSha Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Jiang S, Wang T, Chen K, Wang H, Meng X. Assessment of the effect of glycation on the allergenicity of sesame proteins. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112771. [PMID: 37120220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Sesame allergy is a growing concern worldwide. In this study, sesame proteins was glycated with glucose, galactose, lactose and sucrose respectively, and the allergenicity of different glycated sesame proteins were assessed by a comprehensive strategy, including simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, a BALB/c mice model, a rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cell degranulation model and a serological experiment. Firstly, simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro showed that glycated sesame proteins were more easily to digest than raw sesame. Subsequently, the allergenicity of sesame proteins was assessed in vivo by detecting the allergic indexes of mice, and results showed that the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine were reduced in glycated sesame proteins treated mice. Meanwhile, the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) were downregulated significantly, demonstrating that sesame allergy was relieved in glycated sesame treated mice. Thirdly, the RBL-2H3 cell degranulation model results showed that the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine were decreased to different degrees in glycated sesame proteins treated groups. Notably, the monosaccharide glycated sesame proteins exhibited lower allergenicity both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the study also analyzed the structure alteration of sesame proteins, and the results showed that the secondary structure of glycated sesame proteins were changed (the content of α-helix and β-sheet were reduced), and the tertiary structure of sesame proteins after glycation modification was also changed (microenvironment around aromatic amino acids was altered). Besides, the surface hydrophobicity of glycated sesame proteins was also reduced except sucrose glycated sesame proteins. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that glycation reduced the allergenicity of sesame proteins effectively, especially glycation with monosaccharides, and the allergenicity reduction might be related to structural changes. The results will provide a new reference for developing hypoallergenic sesame products.
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Pi X, Peng Z, Liu J, Jiang Y, Wang J, Fu G, Yang Y, Sun Y. Sesame allergy: mechanisms, prevalence, allergens, residue detection, effects of processing and cross-reactivity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2847-2862. [PMID: 36165272 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sesame allergy is a serious public health problem and is mainly induced by IgE-mediated reactions, whose prevalence is distributed all over the world. Sesame has been included on the priority allergic food list in many countries. This review summarizes the mechanism and prevalence of sesame allergy. The characteristics, structures and epitopes of sesame allergens (Ses i 1 to Ses i 7) are included. Moreover, the detection methods for sesame allergens are evaluated, including nucleic-acid, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, and biosensors. Various processing techniques for reducing sesame allergenicity are discussed. Additionally, the potential cross-reactivity of sesame with other plant foods is assessed. It is found that the allergenicity of sesame is related to the structures and epitopes of sesame allergens. Immunoassays and mass spectrometry are the major analytical tools for detecting and quantifying sesame allergens in food. Limited technologies have been successfully used to reduce the antigenicity of sesame, involving microwave heating, high hydrostatic pressure, salt and pH treatment. More technologies for reducing the allergenicity of sesame should be widely investigated in future studies. The reduction of allergenicity in processed sesames should be ultimately confirmed by clinical studies. What's more, sesame may exhibit cross-reactivity with peanut and tree nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Pi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiafei Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunqing Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guiming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yili Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Maillard Reaction Induced Changes in Allergenicity of Food. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040530. [PMID: 35206007 PMCID: PMC8870895 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is increasing in prevalence, posing aheavier social and financial burden. At present, there is still no widely accepted treatment for it. Methods to reduce or eliminate the allergenicity of trigger foods are urgently needed. Technological processing contributes to producing some hypoallergenic foods. Among the processing methods, the Maillard reaction (MR) is popular because neither special chemical materials nor sophisticated equipment is needed. MR may affect the allergenicity of proteins by disrupting the conformational epitope, disclosing the hidden epitope, masking the linear epitope, and/or forming a new epitope. Changes in the allergenicity of foods after processing are affected by various factors, such as the characteristics of the allergen, the processing parameters, and the processing matrix, and they are therefore variable and difficult to predict. This paper reviews the effects of MR on the allergenicity of each allergen group from common allergenic foods.
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Sesame as an allergen in Lebanese food products: Occurrence, consumption and quantitative risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112511. [PMID: 34391860 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the intensive use of sesame in the Middle Eastern diet, studies on this allergen in this region are lacking. A survey on the occurrence of sesame in Lebanese food products that did not contain this allergen as an ingredient, a food consumption survey conducted in Beirut schools, and the most recent sesame eliciting dose estimates were used to build a probabilistic risk assessment model providing estimates of sesame-induced allergic reactions per eating occasion and per week in Lebanese children and adolescents. Of 1270 food samples analysed, 34% contained sesame proteins (0.44-3392 mg kg-1). Sesame was detected in 47% of unlabeled bulk samples, 43% of samples with PAL, and 27% of samples without PAL. "Sfouf" had the highest concentration of sesame proteins (mean 549 mg kg-1), highest mean exposure per eating occasion (78 mg sesame proteins for children and 103 mg sesame proteins for adolescents), and posed the highest predicted risk per eating occasion (>20%) and per week (>13% individuals predicted in simulation experience at least 1 reaction). Bakery products (notably "sfouf") may pose a serious risk to sesame-allergic children and adolescents in Lebanon. Enhanced guidance on the use of PAL is needed to better protect allergic consumers.
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Touma J, La Vieille S, Guillier L, Barrere V, Manny E, Théolier J, Dominguez S, Godefroy SB. Occurrence and risk assessment of sesame as an allergen in selected Middle Eastern foods available in Montreal, Canada. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:550-562. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1881622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Touma
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Heavy Metals and Colorants, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sébastien La Vieille
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Barrere
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Manny
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Théolier
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia Dominguez
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Benrejeb Godefroy
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Department of Food Science and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Soon JM. Food allergen labelling: "May contain" evidence from Malaysia. Food Res Int 2018; 108:455-464. [PMID: 29735079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Food allergen labelling is mandatory and regulated whilst precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) remains voluntary in most countries. It is the aim of this study to identify the food allergens declared in food products sold in a developing country and to what extent food allergens and PAL are emphasised in the products. A total of 505 food and beverages (snacks, baked goods, confectionary, baby food, condiments & jams, beverages, powder & paste, instant food, chilled & frozen food and canned food) were evaluated in Malaysia. Soybean represents the largest group of food allergen declared in labels, followed by wheat and milk products. Thirteen variations of contains statement were found with "Contains [allergen(s)]" being the most common (55.02%). There were 22 different types of "may contain" statements with 'May contain traces of [allergen(s)]' being the most common advice labelling used (55.41%). Different font type or emphasis such as brackets (51.57%) and bold font (33.86%) were used to inform consumers about presence of allergens. The national regulations on food allergen labelling are then critically contrasted with other Asian countries and the EU Regulation No. 1169/2011, which represents one of the most stringent food regulations in the world. Improving current allergen labelling limitations and practices would be of great benefit to consumers to prevent risk of food hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mei Soon
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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Venter C, Groetch M, Netting M, Meyer R. A patient-specific approach to develop an exclusion diet to manage food allergy in infants and children. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:121-137. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado; Aurora CO USA
| | - M. Groetch
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Jaffe Food Allergy Institute; New York NY USA
| | - M. Netting
- Healthy Mothers Babies and Children's Theme; South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute; Adelaide SA Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics; School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Nutrition Department; Women's and Children's Health Network; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - R. Meyer
- Department Paediatrics; Imperial College; London UK
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