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Rojano-Doñate L, Teilmann J, Wisniewska DM, Jensen FH, Siebert U, McDonald BI, Elmegaard SL, Sveegaard S, Dietz R, Johnson M, Madsen PT. Low hunting costs in an expensive marine mammal predator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7132. [PMID: 38748803 PMCID: PMC11318689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Many large terrestrial mammalian predators use energy-intensive, high-risk, high-gain strategies to pursue large, high-quality prey. However, similar-sized marine mammal predators with even higher field metabolic rates (FMRs) consistently target prey three to six orders of magnitude smaller than themselves. Here, we address the question of how these active and expensive marine mammal predators can gain sufficient energy from consistently targeting small prey during breath-hold dives. Using harbor porpoises as model organisms, we show that hunting small aquatic prey is energetically cheap (<20% increase in FMR) for these marine predators, but it requires them to spend a large proportion (>60%) of time foraging. We conclude that this grazing foraging strategy on small prey is viable for marine mammal predators despite their high FMR because they can hunt near continuously at low marginal expense. Consequently, cessation of foraging due to human disturbance comes at a high cost, as porpoises must maintain their high thermoregulation costs with a reduced energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Rojano-Doñate
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jonas Teilmann
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Frants H. Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Siri L. Elmegaard
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Signe Sveegaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Chambault P, Teilmann J, Tervo O, Sinding MHS, Heide-Jørgensen MP. The nightscape of the Arctic winter shapes the diving behavior of a marine predator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3908. [PMID: 38365829 PMCID: PMC10873309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions in marine ecosystems are dynamically influenced by light, as demonstrated by diel vertical migrations of low-trophic level organisms. At high latitudes, the long winter nights can provide foraging opportunities for marine predators targeting vertically migrating prey closer to the surface at night. However, there is limited documentation of such diel patterns in marine predators under extreme light regimes. To address this, we recorded the diving behavior of 17 harbour porpoises just south of the Arctic circle in West Greenland, from summer to winter. Unlike classical diel vertical migration, the porpoises dove 24-37% deeper at night and the frequency of deep dives (> 100 m) increased tenfold as they entered the darkest months. The daily mean depth was negatively correlated with daylength, suggesting an increased diving activity when approaching the polar night. Our findings suggest a light-mediated strategy in which harbour porpoises would either target (i) benthic prey, (ii) pelagic prey migrating seasonally towards the seafloor, or (iii) vertically migrating prey that may be otherwise inaccessible in deeper waters at night, therefore maximizing feeding activity during extended periods of darkness. Extreme light regimes observed at high latitudes are therefore critical in structuring pelagic communities and food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippine Chambault
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Strandgade 91, 2, 1401, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Jonas Teilmann
- Marine Mammal Research, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Outi Tervo
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Strandgade 91, 2, 1401, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holger S Sinding
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Lennox RJ, Eldøy SH, Dahlmo LS, Matley JK, Vollset KW. Acoustic accelerometer transmitters and their growing relevance to aquatic science. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 37501158 PMCID: PMC10375738 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
There has recently been great interest in the use of accelerometers onboard electronic transmitters to characterise various aspects of the ecology of wild animals. We review use cases and outline how these tools can provide opportunities for studying activity and survival, exercise physiology of wild animals, the response to stressors, energy landscapes and conservation planning tools, and the means with which to identify behaviours remotely from transmitted data. Accelerometer transmitters typically send data summaries to receivers at fixed intervals after filtering out static acceleration and calculating root-mean square error or overall dynamic body action of 2- or 3-axis acceleration values (often at 5-12.5 Hz) from dynamic acceleration onboard the tag. Despite the popularity of these transmitters among aquatic ecologists, we note that there is wide variation in the sampling frequencies and windows used among studies that will potentially affect the ability to make comparisons in the future. Accelerometer transmitters will likely become increasingly popular tools for studying finer scale details about cryptic species that are difficult to recapture and hence not suitable for studies using data loggers. We anticipate that there will continue to be opportunities to adopt methods used for analysing data from loggers to datasets generated from acceleration transmitters, to generate new knowledge about the ecology of aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lennox
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Norway.
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Nygaardsgaten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
- Ocean Tracking Network, Dalhousie University, 1335 Oxford St, B3H 3Z1, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Sindre H Eldøy
- NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet, Erling Skakkes gate 47B, 7012, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lotte S Dahlmo
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Nygaardsgaten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jordan K Matley
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Knut Wiik Vollset
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Nygaardsgaten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Taking Sides: Asymmetries in the Evolution of Human Brain Development in Better Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmation from structural, functional, and behavioral studies agree and suggest a configuration of atypical lateralization in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). It is suggested that patterns of cortical and behavioral atypicality are evident in individuals with ASDs with atypical lateralization being common in individuals with ASDs. The paper endeavors to better understand the relationship between alterations in typical cortical asymmetries and functional lateralization in ASD in evolutionary terms. We have proposed that both early genetic and/or environmental influences can alter the developmental process of cortical lateralization. There invariably is a “chicken or egg” issue that arises whether atypical cortical anatomy associated with abnormal function, or alternatively whether functional atypicality generates abnormal structure.
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5
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Loftus JC, Harel R, Núñez CL, Crofoot MC. Ecological and social pressures interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation in the wild. eLife 2022; 11:73695. [PMID: 35229719 PMCID: PMC8887896 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to the health and fitness of all animals. The physiological importance of sleep is underscored by the central role of homeostasis in determining sleep investment – following periods of sleep deprivation, individuals experience longer and more intense sleep bouts. Yet, most sleep research has been conducted in highly controlled settings, removed from evolutionarily relevant contexts that may hinder the maintenance of sleep homeostasis. Using triaxial accelerometry and GPS to track the sleep patterns of a group of wild baboons (Papio anubis), we found that ecological and social pressures indeed interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation. Baboons sacrificed time spent sleeping when in less familiar locations and when sleeping in proximity to more group-mates, regardless of how long they had slept the prior night or how much they had physically exerted themselves the preceding day. Further, they did not appear to compensate for lost sleep via more intense sleep bouts. We found that the collective dynamics characteristic of social animal groups persist into the sleep period, as baboons exhibited synchronized patterns of waking throughout the night, particularly with nearby group-mates. Thus, for animals whose fitness depends critically on avoiding predation and developing social relationships, maintaining sleep homeostasis may be only secondary to remaining vigilant when sleeping in risky habitats and interacting with group-mates during the night. Our results highlight the importance of studying sleep in ecologically relevant contexts, where the adaptive function of sleep patterns directly reflects the complex trade-offs that have guided its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carter Loftus
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Roi Harel
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Chase L Núñez
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Margaret C Crofoot
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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6
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Amundin M, Carlström J, Thomas L, Carlén I, Teilmann J, Tougaard J, Loisa O, Kyhn LA, Sveegaard S, Burt ML, Pawliczka I, Koza R, Arciszewski B, Galatius A, Laaksonlaita J, MacAuley J, Wright AJ, Gallus A, Dähne M, Acevedo‐Gutiérrez A, Benke H, Koblitz J, Tregenza N, Wennerberg D, Brundiers K, Kosecka M, Tiberi Ljungqvist C, Jussi I, Jabbusch M, Lyytinen S, Šaškov A, Blankett P. Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8554. [PMID: 35222950 PMCID: PMC8858216 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the abundance of a population is a crucial component to assess its conservation status and develop effective conservation plans. For most cetaceans, abundance estimation is difficult given their cryptic and mobile nature, especially when the population is small and has a transnational distribution. In the Baltic Sea, the number of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) has collapsed since the mid-20th century and the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN and HELCOM; however, its abundance remains unknown. Here, one of the largest ever passive acoustic monitoring studies was carried out by eight Baltic Sea nations to estimate the abundance of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise for the first time. By logging porpoise echolocation signals at 298 stations during May 2011-April 2013, calibrating the loggers' spatial detection performance at sea, and measuring the click rate of tagged individuals, we estimated an abundance of 71-1105 individuals (95% CI, point estimate 491) during May-October within the population's proposed management border. The small abundance estimate strongly supports that the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is facing an extremely high risk of extinction, and highlights the need for immediate and efficient conservation actions through international cooperation. It also provides a starting point in monitoring the trend of the population abundance to evaluate the effectiveness of management measures and determine its interactions with the larger neighboring Belt Sea population. Further, we offer evidence that design-based passive acoustic monitoring can generate reliable estimates of the abundance of rare and cryptic animal populations across large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Carlström
- AquaBiota Water ResearchStockholmSweden
- Present address:
Department of Environmental Research and MonitoringSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Ida Carlén
- AquaBiota Water ResearchStockholmSweden
- Present address:
Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Jonas Teilmann
- Marine Mammal ResearchDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Jakob Tougaard
- Marine Mammal ResearchDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Olli Loisa
- Turku University of Applied SciencesTurkuFinland
| | - Line A. Kyhn
- Marine Mammal ResearchDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Signe Sveegaard
- Marine Mammal ResearchDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - M. Louise Burt
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Iwona Pawliczka
- Prof. Krzysztof Skóra Hel Marine StationDepartment of Oceanography and GeographyUniversity of GdańskHelPoland
| | - Radomil Koza
- Prof. Krzysztof Skóra Hel Marine StationDepartment of Oceanography and GeographyUniversity of GdańskHelPoland
| | - Bartlomiej Arciszewski
- Prof. Krzysztof Skóra Hel Marine StationDepartment of Oceanography and GeographyUniversity of GdańskHelPoland
| | - Anders Galatius
- Marine Mammal ResearchDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | - Jamie MacAuley
- School of BiologyBute BuildingUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
- Present address:
Department of Biology ‐ ZoophysiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Andrew J. Wright
- Marine Mammal ResearchDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
- Present address:
Fisheries and Oceans CanadaMaritimes, DartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jens Koblitz
- German Oceanographic MuseumStralsundGermany
- Present address:
Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorKonstanzGermany
- Present address:
Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective BehaviourUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | - Daniel Wennerberg
- Kolmarden Wildlife ParkKolmårdenSweden
- Present address:
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Core ServicesNorrköpingSweden
| | | | - Monika Kosecka
- Prof. Krzysztof Skóra Hel Marine StationDepartment of Oceanography and GeographyUniversity of GdańskHelPoland
- Present address:
Scottish Association for Marine ScienceUniversity of Highlands and IslandsObanUK
| | - Cinthia Tiberi Ljungqvist
- Kolmarden Wildlife ParkKolmårdenSweden
- Present address:
County Administrative Board of StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Ivar Jussi
- ProMare NPOVintriku Saula küla, Kose valdHarjumaaEstonia
| | | | | | - Aleksej Šaškov
- Marine Research instituteKlaipėda UniversityKlaipėdaLithuania
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7
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Blasi MF, Caserta V, Bruno C, Salzeri P, Di Paola AI, Lucchetti A. Behaviour and vocalizations of two sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) entangled in illegal driftnets in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250888. [PMID: 33914839 PMCID: PMC8084192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Illegal driftnetting causes each year several entanglements and deaths of sperm whales in different Mediterranean areas, primarily in the Tyrrhenian Sea. In summer 2020, during the June-July fishing season, two sperm whales were found entangled in illegal driftnets in the Aeolian Archipelago waters, Southern Italy. These two rare events were an exceptional chance to collect behavioural and acoustics data about entangled sperm whales. We analysed 1132 one-minute sets of breathing/behavioural data and 1575 minutes of acoustic recording, when the whales were found entangled, during the rescue operation, immediately after release, and in the days thereafter. The first whale was generally quiet showing a general status of debilitation/weakness, numerous skin lesions, and low breathing rate (0.31 (0.60)); it collaborated during rescue operations. On the contrary, the second whale showed a high level of agitation with a high breathing rate (1.48 (1.31)) during both the entanglement period and the net cutting operations, vigorously moving its fluke and pectoral fins, opening its mouth, sideway rolling or side fluking and frequently defecating. Acoustically, the first whale produced mainly single clicks in all phases except for two series of creaks during rescuing operations while the second whale produced a wide range of vocalizations (single clicks, likely either slow clicks or regular clicks, creaks, and codas). Our observations indicate that acoustics, respiratory and behavioural parameters may be useful to monitor the physical/physiological status of sperm whales during disentanglement operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Francesca Blasi
- Filicudi WildLife Conservation, Località Stimpagnato, Filicudi, Lipari (ME), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Valentina Caserta
- Filicudi WildLife Conservation, Località Stimpagnato, Filicudi, Lipari (ME), Italy
| | - Chiara Bruno
- Filicudi WildLife Conservation, Località Stimpagnato, Filicudi, Lipari (ME), Italy
| | - Perla Salzeri
- Filicudi WildLife Conservation, Località Stimpagnato, Filicudi, Lipari (ME), Italy
| | - Agata Irene Di Paola
- Filicudi WildLife Conservation, Località Stimpagnato, Filicudi, Lipari (ME), Italy
| | - Alessandro Lucchetti
- Centro Nazionale Ricerca - Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine (CNR-IRBBM), Ancona, Italy
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8
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Maeda S, Sakurai K, Akamatsu T, Matsuda A, Yamamura O, Kobayashi M, Matsuishi TF. Foraging activity of harbour porpoises around a bottom-gillnet in a coastal fishing ground, under the risk of bycatch. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246838. [PMID: 33571306 PMCID: PMC7877735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bycatch of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) by gillnets is a recognised threat to populations. To develop effective mitigation measures, understanding the mechanics of bycatch is essential. Previous studies in experimental conditions suggested foraging activity is an important factor influencing porpoises' reaction to gillnets. We acoustically observed the behaviour of wild harbour porpoises around a bottom-gillnet set-up in a commercial fishing ground, especially foraging activity. Passive acoustic event recorders (A-tags) were fixed to the ends of the gillnet, and recorded for 1 392 hours. Although harbour porpoises frequently and repeatedly appeared around the net each day, incidental bycatch occurred only three times during the observations. The stomach contents of two individuals contained mainly Ammodytes sp., which were observable around the bottom-gillnet but not targeted by the fishery. A total of 276 foraging incidents were acoustically detected, and 78.2% of the foraging activity was in the bottom layer (deeper than 25 m). Porpoises appeared around the net with more frequency on the day of a bycatch incident than on the days without bycatch. These results suggest that the harbour porpoises appeared around the bottom-gillnet to forage on fish distributed in the fishing ground, but not captured by this bottom-gillnet. Thus, porpoises face the risk of becoming entangled when foraging near a gillnet, with the probability of bycatch simply increasing with the length of time spent near the net. Bycatch mitigation measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Maeda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakurai
- Rausu Fisheries Cooperative Association, Rausu-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomonari Akamatsu
- Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsuda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Orio Yamamura
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mari Kobayashi
- Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Lyamin
- University of California, Los Angeles/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Sepulveda, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- University of California, Los Angeles/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Sepulveda, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Cosentino M, Guarato F, Tougaard J, Nairn D, Jackson JC, Windmill JFC. Porpoise click classifier (PorCC): A high-accuracy classifier to study harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the wild. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:3427. [PMID: 31255141 DOI: 10.1121/1.5110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harbour porpoises are well-suited for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as they produce highly stereotyped narrow-band high-frequency (NBHF) echolocation clicks. PAM systems must be coupled with a classification algorithm to identify the signals of interest. Here, the authors present a harbour porpoise click classifier (PorCC) developed in matlab, which uses the coefficients of two logistic regression models in a decision-making pathway to assign candidate signals to one of three categories: high-quality clicks (HQ), low-quality clicks (LQ), or high-frequency noise. The receiver operating characteristics of PorCC was compared to that of PAMGuard's Porpoise Click Detector/Classifier Module. PorCC outperformed PAMGuard's classifier achieving higher hit rates (correctly classified clicks) and lower false alarm levels (noise classified as HQ or LQ clicks). Additionally, the detectability index (d') for HQ clicks for PAMGuard was 2.2 (overall d' = 2.0) versus 4.1 for PorCC (overall d' = 3.4). PorCC classification algorithm is a rapid and highly accurate method to classify NBHF clicks, which could be applied for real time monitoring, as well as to study harbour porpoises, and potentially other NBHF species, throughout their distribution range from data collected using towed hydrophones or static recorders. Moreover, PorCC is suitable for studies of acoustic communication of porpoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Cosentino
- Bioacoustics Group, Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Guarato
- Bioacoustics Group, Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Tougaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David Nairn
- Clyde Porpoise CIC, 1-1 Allanton Park Terrace, KA29 0AW Fairlie, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph C Jackson
- Bioacoustics Group, Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James F C Windmill
- Bioacoustics Group, Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Nuuttila HK, Brundiers K, Dähne M, Koblitz JC, Thomas L, Courtene‐Jones W, Evans PGH, Turner JR, Bennell JD, Hiddink JG. Estimating effective detection area of static passive acoustic data loggers from playback experiments with cetacean vocalisations. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. Nuuttila
- SEACAMS Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Swansea Swansea UK
- School of Ocean SciencesUniversity of BangorMenai Bridge Anglesey Wales
| | | | | | - Jens C. Koblitz
- German Oceanographic Museum Stralsund Germany
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute for Ornithology Konstanz Germany
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental ModellingUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland
| | | | | | - John R. Turner
- School of Ocean SciencesUniversity of BangorMenai Bridge Anglesey Wales
| | - Jim D. Bennell
- School of Ocean SciencesUniversity of BangorMenai Bridge Anglesey Wales
| | - Jan G. Hiddink
- School of Ocean SciencesUniversity of BangorMenai Bridge Anglesey Wales
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