1
|
Hall MB. Invited review: Corrected milk: Reconsideration of common equations and milk energy estimates. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2230-2246. [PMID: 36710181 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Corrected milk equations were developed in attempts to bring milk weights to a standardized basis for comparison by expressing the weight and composition of milk as corrected to the energy content of milk of a specific composition. Expressed as milk weights familiar on farm and in commerce, this approach integrates energy contributions of the dissimilar components to make the mass units more comparable. Such values are applied in evaluating feed efficiency, lactation performance, and global milk production, as functional units for lifecycle assessments, and in translation of research results. Corrected milk equations are derived from equations relating milk gross energy to milk composition. First, a milk energy equation is used to calculate the energy value of the milk composition to correct to (e.g., 0.695 Mcal/kg for milk with 3.5% fat, 3.05% true protein, and 4.85% lactose). That energy value is divided into the energy equation to give the corrected milk equation. Confusion has arisen, as different equations purport to correct to the same milk composition; their differences are based on uses of different energy equations or divisors. Accuracy of corrected milk equations depends on the accuracy of the energy equations used to create them. Energy equations have evolved over time as different milk component analyses have become more available. Inclusion of multiple milk components more accurately predicts milk energy content than does fat content alone. Omission of components from an equation requires the assumption that their content in milk is constant or highly correlated with an included component. Neither of these assumptions is true. Milk energy equations evaluated on a small data set of measured milk values have demonstrated that equations that incorporate protein, fat, and lactose contents multiplied by the gross energy of each component more closely predict milk energy than equations containing fewer components or regression-derived equations. This provides a tentative recommendation for using energy equations that include the 3 main milk components and their gross energy multipliers for predicting milk energy and deriving corrected milk equations. Accuracy of energy equations is affected by the accuracy of gross energy values of individual components and variability of milk composition. Lactose has consistent reported gross energy values. In contrast, gross energy of milk fat and protein vary as their compositional profiles change. Future refinements could assess accuracy of milk fat and protein gross energy and whether that appreciably improves milk energy predictions. Fat gross energy has potential to be calculated using the milk fatty acid profile, although the influence on gross energy may be small. For research, direct reporting of milk energy values, rather than corrected milk, provides the most explicit, least manipulated form of the data. However, provision of corrected milk values in addition to information on components can serve to translate the energy information to a form familiar to and widely used in the field. When reporting corrected milk data, the corrected milk equation, citation for the energy equation used, and composition and energy contents of the corrected milk must be described to make clear what the values represent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Hall
- U. S. Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, Madison, WI 53706.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suárez-Vega A, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Toral PG, Frutos P, Loor JJ, Arranz JJ, Hervás G. Elucidating genes and gene networks linked to individual susceptibility to milk fat depression in dairy goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1037764. [PMID: 36590804 PMCID: PMC9798324 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with marine lipids modulates ruminant milk composition toward a healthier fatty acid profile for consumers, but it also causes milk fat depression (MFD). Because the dairy goat industry is mainly oriented toward cheese manufacturing, MFD can elicit economic losses. There is large individual variation in animal susceptibility with goats more (RESPO+) or less (RESPO-) responsive to diet-induced MFD. Thus, we used RNA-Seq to examine gene expression profiles in mammary cells to elucidate mechanisms underlying MFD in goats and individual variation in the extent of diet-induced MFD. Differentially expression analyses (DEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of RNA-Seq data were used to study milk somatic cell transcriptome changes in goats consuming a diet supplemented with marine lipids. There were 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control (no-MFD, before diet-induced MFD) and MFD, and 18 between RESPO+ and RESPO-. Biological processes and pathways such as "RNA transcription" and "Chromatin modifying enzymes" were downregulated in MFD compared with controls. Regarding susceptibility to diet-induced MFD, we identified the "Triglyceride Biosynthesis" pathway upregulated in RESPO- goats. The WGCNA approach identified 9 significant functional modules related to milk fat production and one module to the fat yield decrease in diet-induced MFD. The onset of MFD in dairy goats is influenced by the downregulation of SREBF1, other transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes. A list of DEGs between RESPO+ and RESPO- goats (e.g., DBI and GPD1), and a co-related gene network linked to the decrease in milk fat (ABCD3, FABP3, and PLIN2) was uncovered. Results suggest that alterations in fatty acid transport may play an important role in determining individual variation. These candidate genes should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pablo G. Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Juan-José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain,*Correspondence: Juan-José Arranz
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conte G, Giordani T, Vangelisti A, Serra A, Pauselli M, Cavallini A, Mele M. Transcriptome Adaptation of the Ovine Mammary Gland to Dietary Supplementation of Extruded Linseed. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2707. [PMID: 34573673 PMCID: PMC8465498 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dietary strategies were adopted to reduce saturated fatty acids and increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) for human health. Few studies are available about the pathways/genes involved in these processes. Illumina RNA-sequencing was used to investigate changes in the ovine mammary gland transcriptome following supplemental feeding with 20% extruded linseed. Comisana ewes in mid-lactation were fed a control diet for 28 days (control period) followed by supplementation with 20% DM of linseed panel for 28 days (treatment period). Milk production was decreased by 30.46% with linseed supplementation. Moreover, a significant reduction in fat, protein and lactose secretion was also observed. Several unsaturated FAs were increased while short and medium chain saturated FAs were decreased by linseed treatment. Around four thousand (1795 up- and 2133 down-regulated) genes were significantly differentially regulated by linseed supplementation. The main pathways affected by linseed supplementation were those involved in the energy balance of the mammary gland. Principally, the mammary gland of fed linseed sheep showed a reduced abundance of transcripts related to the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study suggests that the observed decrease in milk saturated FA was correlated to down-regulation of genes in the lipid synthesis and lipid metabolism pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Serra
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.G.); (A.V.); (A.S.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hue-Beauvais C, Faulconnier Y, Charlier M, Leroux C. Nutritional Regulation of Mammary Gland Development and Milk Synthesis in Animal Models and Dairy Species. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040523. [PMID: 33916721 PMCID: PMC8067096 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, milk is essential for the growth, development, and health. Milk quantity and quality are dependent on mammary development, strongly influenced by nutrition. This review provides an overview of the data on nutritional regulations of mammary development and gene expression involved in milk component synthesis. Mammary development is described related to rodents, rabbits, and pigs, common models in mammary biology. Molecular mechanisms of the nutritional regulation of milk synthesis are reported in ruminants regarding the importance of ruminant milk in human health. The effects of dietary quantitative and qualitative alterations are described considering the dietary composition and in regard to the periods of nutritional susceptibly. During lactation, the effects of lipid supplementation and feed restriction or deprivation are discussed regarding gene expression involved in milk biosynthesis, in ruminants. Moreover, nutrigenomic studies underline the role of the mammary structure and the potential influence of microRNAs. Knowledge from three lactating and three dairy livestock species contribute to understanding the variety of phenotypes reported in this review and highlight (1) the importance of critical physiological stages, such as puberty gestation and early lactation and (2) the relative importance of the various nutrients besides the total energetic value and their interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Hue-Beauvais
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, University of Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yannick Faulconnier
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, University of Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (Y.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Madia Charlier
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, University of Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Christine Leroux
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, University of Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; (Y.F.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seasonal changes in fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid contents of ovine milk and kefalotyri cheese during ripening. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Bodkowski R, Czyż K, Wyrostek A, Cholewińska P, Sokoła-Wysoczańska E, Niedziółka R. The Effect of CLA-Rich Isomerized Poppy Seed Oil on the Fat Level and Fatty Acid Profile of Cow and Sheep Milk. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E912. [PMID: 32466271 PMCID: PMC7278435 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of isomerized poppy seed oil (IPO) enriched with conjugated dienes of linoleic acid (CLA) on cow and sheep milk parameters (fat content, fatty acid profile, Δ9-desaturase index, and atherogenic index). The process of poppy seed oil alkaline isomerization caused the formation of CLA isomers with cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12, and cis-11,trans-13 configurations in the amounts of 31.2%, 27.6%, and 4.1% of total fatty acids (FAs), respectively. Animal experiments were conducted on 16 Polish Holstein Friesian cows (control (CTRL) and experimental (EXP), n = 8/group) and 20 East Friesian Sheep (CTRL and EXP, n = 10/group). For four weeks, animals from EXP groups received the addition of IPO in the amount of 1% of dry matter. Milk was collected three times: on days 7, 14, and 30. Diet supplementation with IPO decrease milk fat content (p < 0.01). Milk fat from EXP groups had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including FAs with beneficial biological properties, that is, CLA and TVA (p < 0.01), and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, particularly short- (p < 0.01) and medium-chain FAs (p < 0.05). The addition of IPO led to a decrease in the atherogenic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bodkowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Czyż
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Wyrostek
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulina Cholewińska
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.C.); (A.W.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Roman Niedziółka
- Institute of Animal Production and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14B, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
High rumen degradable starch decreased goat milk fat via trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated downregulation of lipogenesis genes, particularly, INSIG1. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32280461 PMCID: PMC7132897 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Starch is an important substance that supplies energy to ruminants. To provide sufficient energy for high-yielding dairy ruminants, they are typically fed starch-enriched diets. However, starch-enriched diets have been proven to increase the risk of milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows. The starch present in ruminant diets could be divided into rumen-degradable starch (RDS) and rumen escaped starch (RES) according to their different degradation sites (rumen or intestine). Goats and cows have different sensitivities to MFD. Data regarding the potential roles of RDS in milk fat synthesis in the mammary tissue of dairy goats and in regulating the occurrence of MFD are limited. Results Eighteen Guanzhong dairy goats (day in milk = 185 ± 12 d) with similar parity, weight, and milk yield were selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 6), which were fed an LRDS diet (Low RDS = 20.52%), MRDS diet (Medium RDS = 22.15%), or HRDS diet (High RDS = 24.88%) for 5 weeks. Compared with that of the LRDS group, the milk fat contents in the MRDS and HRDS groups significantly decreased. The yields of short-, medium- and long-chain fatty acids decreased in the HRDS group. Furthermore, increased RDS significantly decreased ruminal B. fibrisolvens and Pseudobutyrivibrio abundances and increased the trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-10 C18:1 contents in the rumen fluid. A multiomics study revealed that the HRDS diet affected mammary lipid metabolism down-regulation of ACSS2, MVD, AGPS, SCD5, FADS2, CERCAM, SC5D, HSD17B7, HSD17B12, ATM, TP53RK, GDF1 and LOC102177400. Remarkably, the significant decrease of INSIG1, whose expression was depressed by trans-10, cis-12 CLA, could reduce the activity of SREBP and, consequently, downregulate the downstream gene expression of SREBF1. Conclusions HRDS-induced goat MFD resulted from the downregulation of genes involved in lipogenesis, particularly, INSIG1. Specifically, even though the total starch content and the concentrate-to-fiber ratio were the same as those of the high-RDS diet, the low and medium RDS diets did not cause MFD in lactating goats.
Collapse
|
8
|
Toral P, Gervais R, Hervás G, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Frutos P. Relationships between trans-10 shift indicators and milk fat traits in dairy ewes: Insights into milk fat depression. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
9
|
Suárez-Vega A, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Toral PG, Hervás G, Arranz JJ, Frutos P. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced milk fat depression: application of RNA-Seq technology to elucidate mammary gene regulation in dairy ewes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4473. [PMID: 30872673 PMCID: PMC6418271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat depression (MFD) is characterized by a reduction in the content of milk fat, presumably caused by the anti-lipogenic effects of rumen biohydrogenation intermediates, such as trans-10 cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In this study, RNA-Seq technology was used to help elucidate the mammary responses involved in CLA-induced MFD in lactating ewes. To this end, we compared the milk somatic cell transcriptome of ewes suffering from CLA-induced MFD with control ewes (i.e., those without MFD), as well as with ewes fed a diet supplemented with fish oil (FO-MFD) that we previously reported affects the mammary transcriptome. In the differential expression analysis between CLA-MFD and controls, we identified 1,524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whereas 653 were detected between CLA- and FO-MFD groups. Although this article focuses on lipid metabolism, CLA affected the expression of many genes related to other biological processes, especially immunity. Among the 55 genes shared by both MFD conditions, some genes linked to fatty acid synthesis, such as ACACA, AACS, ACSS2, or ACSS3, were downregulated. In addition, this study provides a list of candidate genes that are not usually considered in the nutrigenomics of MFD but that may act as key regulators of this syndrome in dairy ewes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
| | - Pablo G Toral
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain.,Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
| | - Juan José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain.
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Conte G, Dimauro C, Serra A, Macciotta N, Mele M. A canonical discriminant analysis to study the association between milk fatty acids of ruminal origin and milk fat depression in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6497-6510. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
Nguyen QV, Le VH, Nguyen DV, Malau‐Aduli BS, Nichols PD, Malau‐Aduli AEO. Supplementing Grazing Dairy Ewes with Plant‐Derived Oil and Rumen‐Protected EPA+DHA Pellets Enhances Health‐Beneficial n−3 Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sheep Milk. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quang V. Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- College of Economics and TechniquesThai Nguyen UniversityThai NguyenVietnam
| | - Van H. Le
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- National Institute of Animal ScienceThuy Phuong, Bac Tu LiemHanoiVietnam
| | - Don V. Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- National Institute of Animal ScienceThuy Phuong, Bac Tu LiemHanoiVietnam
| | - Bunmi S. Malau‐Aduli
- College of Medicine and DentistryDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereG.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart7001TasmaniaAustralia
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau‐Aduli
- Animal Genetics and NutritionVeterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesDivision of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811QueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bernard L, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, Delosière M, Ferlay A, Fougère H, Graulet B. Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Carole Delavaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Mylène Delosière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Hélène Fougère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores; F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Toral PG, Hervás G, Frutos P. Use of high doses of 18:0 to try to mitigate the syndrome of milk fat depression in dairy ewes fed marine lipids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
14
|
Frutos P, Toral P, Hervás G. Individual variation of the extent of milk fat depression in dairy ewes fed fish oil: Milk fatty acid profile and mRNA abundance of candidate genes involved in mammary lipogenesis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9611-9622. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
15
|
Pros and cons of the supplementation with oilseed enriched concentrates on milk fatty acid profile of dairy sheep grazing Mediterranean pastures. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
16
|
Toral PG, Hervás G, Belenguer A, Carreño D, Frutos P. mRNA abundance of genes involved in mammary lipogenesis during fish oil- or trans-10,cis-12 CLA-induced milk fat depression in dairy ewes. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3182-3192. [PMID: 28131578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat depression (MFD) caused by trans-10,cis-12 18:2 is known to be mediated in cows and ewes by downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes. However, transcriptional mechanisms underlying marine lipid-induced MFD have not been well defined yet and the few available studies in ovine are not consistent. This trial was conducted to directly compare changes in animal performance, milk fatty acid composition, and particularly mammary mRNA abundance of candidate lipogenic genes and transcription factors in response to the inclusion of fish oil or trans-10,cis-12 18:2 in the dairy sheep diet. To meet this objective, 12 lactating Assaf ewes (on average, 64 days in milk, producing 1.72 kg of milk/d with 5.17% of fat) were divided into 3 groups and offered a total mixed ration without supplementation (control) or supplemented with 2.4% dry matter of fish oil (FO treatment) or 1% dry matter of a commercial product rich in trans-10,cis-12 18:2 (CLA treatment) for 39 d. Measurements and samplings were conducted before starting the treatments and at the end of the trial. Milk samples were used for RNA extraction from somatic cells. Feed intake was not affected by lipid supplements, and as designed, reductions in milk fat concentration (-31%) were similar in the 2 treatments, although the unpredicted increase in milk production with FO counteracted the anticipated reduction in milk fat yield. Nevertheless, this did not preclude the detection of FO-induced decreases in the mRNA abundance of candidate lipogenic genes [e.g., acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipin 1 (LPIN1)], thus supporting the hypothesis that transcriptional regulation would be a relevant component of this type of MFD in sheep. Expected CLA-induced downregulation of some genes, such as FASN or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), could not be detected in our samples, which might be related, at least in part, to high inter-individual variation and relatively advanced lactation stage (on average 102-103 d in milk on d 38 and 39). Overall, direct comparison of the effects of dietary FO and CLA on transcript abundance of candidate lipogenic genes and transcription factors suggest that there might be relevant differences in the transcriptional control mechanisms underlying the MFD induced by each kind of supplement (i.e., fish oil or CLA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - A Belenguer
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - D Carreño
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carreño D, Hervás G, Toral P, Castro-Carrera T, Frutos P. Fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7971-7981. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Toral P, Hervás G, Suárez-Vega A, Arranz J, Frutos P. Isolation of RNA from milk somatic cells as an alternative to biopsies of mammary tissue for nutrigenomic studies in dairy ewes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8461-8471. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|