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Hernández-García PA, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Godina-Rodríguez JE, Chay-Canul AJ, Silva GV. A meta-analysis of essential oils as a dietary additive for weaned piglets: Growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal morphology. Res Vet Sci 2024; 170:105181. [PMID: 38359649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with EOS on growth performance, blood serum antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets using a meta-analytical approach. The database included 31 studies from which the response variables of interest were obtained. All data were analyzed using a random effects model, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences between treatments supplemented with and without EOS. EOS supplementation increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and final body weight and decreased (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio and diarrhea incidence. Lower (P = 0.001) serum malondialdehyde content and higher (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity were observed in response to the dietary inclusion of EOS. EOS supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the serum concentration of immunoglobulins A, G, and M and decreased (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. Greater (P ≤ 0.001) villus height (VH) was observed in the jejunum and ileum in response to the dietary inclusion of EOS. However, EOS supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) crypt depth (CD) and decreased (P < 0.001) the VH/CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In conclusion, essential oils can be used as a dietary additive to improve growth performance and reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets and, at the same time, improve the antioxidant status in blood serum, immune response, and intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Eduardo Godina-Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Uruapan, Av. Latinoamérica 1001, Uruapan, Michoacán C.P. 60150, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Vázquez Silva
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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2
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Wang Z, Guo L, Ding X, Li F, Xu H, Li S, Wang X, Li K, Yue X. Supplementation of chestnut tannins in diets can improve meat quality and antioxidative capability in Hu lambs. Meat Sci 2023; 206:109342. [PMID: 37729859 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chestnut tannins (CNT), as a source of hydrolyzable tannins, positively affect the antioxidant status of livestock. In the current study, 90 male Hu lambs were used to investigate the effect of dietary CNT intake on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality and oxidative stability, rumen microbial, and the transcriptomes of muscle and liver. A completely randomized design with three CNT intake levels (0, 0.3%, and 0.6%) was used. Rumen microbial and nutrient digestibility were not significantly altered by CNT intake. Diets with 0.3% CNT intake significantly reduced the shear force, yellowness at 24 h, and C20:2 polyunsaturated fatty acids of lamb meat and malondialdehyde in serum and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Meanwhile, the 0.3% CNT diet significantly increased average daily gain during the 1- 21 days and 64- 90 days, dry matter intake during the 1- 21 days, the slaughter weight, and liver index of lambs. The 0.3% CNT diet significantly increased C26:0 saturated fatty acids, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in LT muscle. The meat shelf life of 0.3% CNT and 0.6% CNT groups was prolonged by 8.7 h and 5.4 h, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CNT supplementation can induce the expression of antioxidant enzyme gene (CAT, SOD1), and the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in antioxidant activity, transferase activity, and adenosine triphosphate binding. These results suggest that 0.3% CNT intake can relieve the oxidative stress of lambs, and improve the stability of meat color and meat tenderness, due to the enhanced antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Xing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Minqin Defu Agricultural Science and Technology Co., LTD, Minqin County, Gansu Province 733399, PR China.
| | - Shirong Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Extension Station of Minqin County, Minqin County, Gansu Province 733399, PR China.
| | - Xinji Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Extension Station of Minqin County, Minqin County, Gansu Province 733399, PR China.
| | - Kaidong Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Extension Station in Chongxing Town of Minqin County, Minqin County, Gansu Province 733399, PR China.
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
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Varga-Visi É, Nagy G, Csivincsik Á, Tóth T. Evaluation of a Phytogenic Feed Supplement Containing Carvacrol and Limonene on Sheep Performance and Parasitological Status on a Hungarian Milking Sheep Farm. Vet Sci 2023; 10:369. [PMID: 37368755 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently worldwide interest in phytogenic feed supplements (PFSs) because they can lead to improved animal production. The scope of the present study was to observe the impact of a feed supplement containing carvacrol (CAR) and limonene (LIM) on the performance and parasitological status of sheep. The feed supplement decreased the plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.014), nonesterified fatty acids (p = 0.021), and fructosamine (p = 0.002) in lactating ewes after 42 days of supplementation, while the average live weight (p = 0.002) and average daily weight gain (p = 0.001) of their twin suckling lambs increased significantly by the end of the study. In another experiment, fattening lambs fed the same supplement showed a decrease in fecal egg number of gastrointestinal nematodes (p = 0.02) but no differences in live weight, average daily gain, or mean number of Haemonchus contortus nematodes in the abomasum. The results highlighted that the inclusion of carvacrol and limonene in the feed of lactating ewes effectively increased the weight gain of the suckling lambs, presumably due to the ewes' improved energy, but further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of carvacrol and limonene against gastrointestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Varga-Visi
- Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Csivincsik
- Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- One Health Working Group, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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Luo D, Huang Z, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X. Naringin mitigates LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1617-1626. [PMID: 36688440 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of naringin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced jejunal barrier function in mice. Forty-five 3-week-old healthy male Balb/c mice with similar body weights were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, LPS + naringin group, with 15 mice in each treatment group. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with the same dose of saline or LPS (10 mg per kg BW) at 43 d. The blood samples, liver and jejunal tissues were collected after 3 h of injection. The results showed that LPS significantly increased the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, D-lactate (D-LA) concentration, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver and jejunum, while decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and catalase (CAT) in liver and jejunum. The LPS treatment caused an increase in the crypt depth and a decrease in the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) of the jejunum. In addition, the LPS treatment significantly increased the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), while decreased mRNA expressions of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin, mucin 2 (MUC2) and junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), Gpx, SOD1, GST, CAT and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the naringin treatment mitigated these effects induced by LPS. Taken together, our findings suggested that naringin attenuates LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage by inhibiting inflammatory factors and improving antioxidant function and intestinal tight junction, which might be mediated by activating the Nrf2 signaling and suppressing the TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaoyun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
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Ahmed MG, Al-Sagheer AA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Elwakeel EA. Potential of selected plant extracts to control severe subacute ruminal acidosis in vitro as compared with monensin. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:356. [PMID: 36151574 PMCID: PMC9508736 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in developing natural feed additives that can stabilize ruminal pH and thus prevent or eliminate the risk of severe subacute rumen acidosis. Herein, 3 experiments were conducted using a semi-automated in vitro gas production technique. In the experiment (Exp.) 1, the efficacy of 9 plant extracts (1.5 mg/ml), compared to monensin (MON; 12 μg/ml), to counteract ruminal acidosis stimulated by adding glucose (0.1 g/ml) as a fermentable carbohydrate without buffer was assessed for 6 h. In Exp. 2, cinnamon extract (CIN) and MON were evaluated to combat glucose-induced acidosis with buffer use for 24 h. In Exp. 3, the effect of CIN and MON on preventing acidosis when corn or barley grains were used as substrate was examined. Results In Exp. 1, cinnamon, grape seeds, orange, pomegranate peels, propolis, and guava extracts significantly increased (P < 0.05) pH compared to control (CON). Both CIN and MON significantly increased the pH (P < 0.001) but reduced cumulated gas production (P < 0.01) compared to the other treatments. In Exp. 2, the addition of CIN extract increased (P < 0.01) pH value compared to CON at the first 6 h of incubation. However, no significant differences in pH values between CIN and CON at 24 h of incubation were observed. The addition of CIN extract and MON decreased (P < 0.001) lactic acid concentration and TVFA compared to CON at 24 h. The CIN significantly (P < 0.01) increased acetate: propionate ratio while MON reduced it. In Exp. 3, both CIN and MON significantly increased (P < 0.05) ruminal pH at 6 and 24 h and reduced lactic acid concentration at 24 h compared to CON with corn as substrate. However, CIN had no effect on pH with barley substrate at all incubation times. Conclusions It can be concluded that CIN can be used effectively as an alternative antibiotic to MON to control ruminal acidosis when corn is used as a basal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, P.O. Box. 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
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Mackei M, Talabér R, Müller L, Sterczer Á, Fébel H, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Altered Intestinal Production of Volatile Fatty Acids in Dogs Triggered by Lactulose and Psyllium Treatment. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050206. [PMID: 35622734 PMCID: PMC9145803 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome of dogs can be influenced by a number of factors such as non-starch polysaccharides as well as some non-digestible oligo- and disaccharides. These molecules are only decomposed by intestinal anaerobic microbial fermentation, resulting in the formation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which play a central role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora and affecting the health status of the host organism. In the present study, the effects of lactulose and psyllium husk (Plantago ovata) were investigated regarding their influence on concentrations of various VFAs produced by the canine intestinal microbiome. Thirty dogs were kept on a standard diet for 15 days, during which time half of the animals received oral lactulose once a day, while the other group was given a psyllium-supplemented diet (in 0.67 and in 0.2 g/kg body weight concentrations, respectively). On days 0, 5, 10 and 15 of the experiment, feces were sampled from the rectum, and the concentration of each VFA was determined by GC-MS (gas chromatography−mass spectrometry). Lactulose administration caused a significant increase in the total VFA concentration of the feces on days 10 and 15 of the experiment (p = 0.035 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, in the case of psyllium supplementation, the concentration of VFAs showed a significant elevation only on day 15 (p = 0.003). Concentrations of acetate and propionate increased significantly on days 5, 10 and 15 after lactulose treatment (p = 0.044, p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively). Following psyllium administration, intestinal acetate, propionate and n-butyrate production were stimulated on day 15, as indicated by the fecal VFA levels (p = 0.002, p = 0.035 and p = 0.02, respectively). It can be concluded that both lactulose and psyllium are suitable for enhancing the synthesis of VFAs in the intestines of dogs. Increased acetate and propionate concentrations were observed following the administration of both supplements; however, elevated n-butyrate production was found only after psyllium treatment, suggesting that the applied prebiotics may exert slightly different effects in the hindgut of dogs. These findings can be also of great importance regarding the treatment and management of patients suffering from intestinal disorders as well as hepatic encephalopathy due to portosystemic shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (Z.N.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebeka Talabér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (Z.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Linda Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Sterczer
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés Street 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (Z.N.); (G.M.)
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (R.T.); (Z.N.); (G.M.)
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Zhang X, Liu X, Chang S, Zhang C, Du W, Hou F. Effect of Cistanche deserticola on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Grazing Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840725. [PMID: 35432287 PMCID: PMC9009397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, veterinary drugs and chemical additives have been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding to improve production performance. However, problems such as drug residues in food are causing serious concerns. The use of functional plants and their extracts to improve production performance is becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cistanche deserticola in sheep feed on rumen flora and to analyze the causes to provide a theoretical basis for the future use of Cistanche deserticola as a functional substance to improve sheep production performance. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted using 24 six-month-old sheep males divided into four groups (six animals in each group) which were fed a basic diet composed of alfalfa and tall fescue grass. The C. deserticola feed was provided to sheep at different levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%) as experimental treatments. On the last day (Day 75), ruminal fluid was collected through a rumen tube for evaluating changes in rumen flora. The test results showed that Prevotella_1, Lactobacillus, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant species at the genus level in all samples. Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Butyrivibrio_2, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group differed significantly in relative abundance among the treatment groups. The polysaccharides in C. deserticola was the major factor influencing the alteration in rumen flora abundance, and had the functions of improving rumen fermentation environment and regulating rumen flora structure, etc. Hence, C. deserticola can be used to regulate rumen fermentation in grazing sheep to improve production efficiency.
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Lee-Rangel HA, Mendoza-Martinez GD, Martínez-García JA, Espinosa-Ayala E, Hernández-García PA, Cifuentes-López RO, Vazquez-Valladolid A, García-López JC, Lara-Bueno A, Roque-Jiménez JA. An Indian polyherbal phytogenic source improved blood serum biochemistry and immune response of dairy calves. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2024150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Aaron Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - German David Mendoza-Martinez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Martínez-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Espinosa-Ayala
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Amecameca, México
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos García-López
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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9
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Sánchez N, Lee-Rangel HA, Martínez-Cortés I, Mendoza GD, Hernández PA, Espinoza E, Vazque Valladolid A, Flores Ramírez R, Roque-Jimenez A, Campillo-Navarro M, Relling AE. A polyherbal phytogenic additive improved growth performance, health, and immune response in dairy calves. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1967296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nallely Sánchez
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Hector A. Lee-Rangel
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - German D. Mendoza
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Espinoza
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Anayeli Vazque Valladolid
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Rogelio Flores Ramírez
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Alejandro Roque-Jimenez
- Centro de Biociencias, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, CIACYT Laboratorio Nacional. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Alejandro E. Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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10
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Effects of grazing and confinement on the morphology and microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of Small-tailed Han sheep. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Razo Ortiz PB, Mendoza Martinéz GD, Silva GV, Osorio Teran AI, González Sánchez JF, Hernández García PA, de la Torre Hérnandez ME, Espinosa Ayala E. Polyherbal feed additive for lambs: effects on performance, blood biochemistry and biometry. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1814786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Benjamín Razo Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, México City, México
| | | | - Gabriela Vázquez Silva
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Univerisidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México
| | - Amada Isabel Osorio Teran
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Univerisidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México
| | | | | | | | - Enrique Espinosa Ayala
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Univerisidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México
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12
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Reddy PRK, Elghandour M, Salem A, Yasaswini D, Reddy PPR, Reddy AN, Hyder I. Plant secondary metabolites as feed additives in calves for antimicrobial stewardship. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Liu T, Chen H, Bai Y, Wu J, Cheng S, He B, Casper DP. Calf starter containing a blend of essential oils and prebiotics affects the growth performance of Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2315-2323. [PMID: 31980222 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from specific plants can exhibit antimicrobial properties that make them potential antibiotic alternatives. The objective was to evaluate an essential oil and prebiotic combination (EOC) on the growth, development, and health status of growing neonatal calves. Forty Holstein newborn calves were blocked by birth date and alternately assigned to 1 of 2 treatments. Treatments were a pelleted calf starter (CS) without (control) or with EOC at 44.1 ppm. Calves were fed the experimental CS for ad libitum consumption from 3 d of age through the end of the 70-d experiment. Calves were fed 2 L of whole milk twice daily to 10 d of age, then 3 L twice daily through d 35, and then fed 3 L once daily with abrupt weaning occurring after 42 d of age. The average daily gain (0.78 and 0.87 kg/d for control and EOC, respectively) was greater for calves fed EOC compared with calves fed the control. Calves fed EOC demonstrated greater dry matter intake (1.63 and 1.74 kg/d) compared with calves fed the control. Feed conversion ratio (0.62 and 0.65 kg of gain/kg of dry matter intake) was greater for calves fed EOC compared with calves fed the control. At 70 d of age, calves fed EOC demonstrated increased body frame measurements (hip height, body length, heart girth, abdominal girth, and pastern) compared with calves fed the control. The incidence of scours score 4 (mild diarrhea) was 3.5 incidences lower for calves fed EOC compared with calves fed the control, whereas the incidence of scours score 5 (severe diarrhea) for calves fed EOC was 0.5 incidences lower than calves fed the control. Blood concentrations of IgG and IgM on d 14, IgA on d 28, and total serum protein on d 42 were all greater for calves fed EOC compared with calves fed the control. The blood volatile fatty acid concentrations were greater for calves fed EOC compared with calves fed the control, which indicated enhanced ruminal development. Total-tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, starch, and many minerals were increased for calves fed EOC compared with calves fed the control. The inclusion of an EOC blend into a CS demonstrates promising benefits for enhancing calf growth, ruminal development, gut health, nutrient digestibility, and immunity. The use of an EOC blend can be a plausible alternative to feeding subtherapeutic antibiotics for improving calf performance, health, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Shuru Cheng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Bing He
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China
| | - David P Casper
- Casper's Calf Ranch, 4890 West Lily Creek Road, Freeport, IL 61032
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14
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Lei XJ, Lee SI, Kim IH. Effects of different levels of dietary protein with or without plant extract YGF251 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:547-553. [PMID: 30793461 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant extract YGF251 supplementation in different protein level diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 144 pigs (24.72 ± 1.54 kg) were randomly assigned to the treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of dietary protein levels (15.50%, 14.00% or 12.50%) and plant extract YGF251 levels (0 or 0.05%) with 6 replications per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs fed low protein diets had reduced average daily gain (p < 0.05) and increased feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) compared with pigs fed high protein diets. The apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen was decreased (p < 0.05) when reducing dietary protein level. Fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions were reduced (p < 0.05) when reducing dietary protein level. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that reducing dietary protein level impaired growth performance and nitrogen digestibility but reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions in growing pigs. Dietary supplementation with 0.05% herbal extract YGF251 was not effective in improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, or in decreasing gas emission in different protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
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15
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Demirtas A, Ozturk H, Sudagidan M, Keyvan E, Yavuz O, Gulay OY, Musa SAA. Effects of commercial aldehydes from green leaf volatiles (green odour) on rumen microbial population and fermentation profile in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Anaerobe 2019; 55:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Jin Y, Jiang C, Zhang X, Shi L, Wang M. Effect of dietary Urtica cannabina on the growth performance, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and gastrointestinal morphology of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Humer E, Kröger I, Neubauer V, Schedle K, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q. Supplementing phytogenic compounds or autolyzed yeast modulates ruminal biogenic amines and plasma metabolome in dry cows experiencing subacute ruminal acidosis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9559-9574. [PMID: 30031584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) causes ruminal dysbiosis, thereby increasing the risk of systemic metabolic disorders in cattle. We recently showed that supplementation with phytogenic compounds (PHY) or autolyzed yeast (AY) counteracted negative effects of SARA by improving ruminal pH and microbiome. This study investigated the effects of an intermittent SARA challenge on the ruminal concentration of biogenic amines (BA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as on the blood metabolome. We also evaluated effects of PHY and AY on the latter variables. Eight rumen-cannulated nonlactating Holstein cows were arranged in an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design with 4 experimental runs and 3 treatment groups. During each run, cows were switched from an all-forage diet (baseline) to an intermittent concentrate-challenge diet with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65 (dry matter basis) to induce SARA for 1 (SARA1) or 2 (SARA2) wk, separated by 1 wk of forage-only feeding. The 3 treatment groups were no additive as control, PHY, or AY. During baseline, SARA1 and SARA2 rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of BA and LPS. Blood samples were taken during baseline and SARA1 for a targeted metabolomics approach. High-concentrate feeding caused a 9-fold increase in ruminal LPS during SARA1 and an 11-fold increase in SARA2 compared with the baseline. Elevated concentrations of ruminal BA were found during both SARA periods, with histamine showing the strongest increase during SARA1. Moreover, a decrease in phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelines, and several AA in the blood during SARA1 were detected. Supplementation of PHY decreased concentrations of LPS (-43%), histamine (-66%), pyrrolidine (-38%), and spermine (-54%) in SARA1 and cadaverine in SARA2 (-50%). Moreover, cows that received PHY had higher concentrations of cholesterol (+26%), several AA, and phosphatidylcholines in SARA1 compared with control cows. For AY, decreases in ruminal ethanolamine (-21%), methylamine (-52%), histamine (-54%), spermidine (-44%), and spermine (-80%) in SARA1 were observed, whereas in the blood an increase in tryptophan was noticed. In conclusion, the SARA was associated with markedly increased concentrations of LPS and BA in the rumen fluid and undesirable shifts in the plasma metabolome. Supplementation of PHY and AY counteracted some of these changes and therefore may help in attenuating negative effects of high-concentrate feeding in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - I Kröger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - V Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Schedle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11/1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - N Reisinger
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and selected fecal microbiota are improved by β-glucan supplementation in weaner pigs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal characteristics in weaner pigs. A total of 140 weaner pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 6.37±1.14 kg were allotted to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC, basal diet); 2) positive control (PC, basal diet supplemented with 39 ppm Tiamulin); 3) basal diet supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan (G1); 4) basal diet supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan (G2). During days 22 to 42 and 1 to 42, pigs offered PC and G2 diets grew faster than those offered NC diet (P<0.05). Additionally, during the same periods, pigs fed G2 and PC diets exhibited improved gain:feed ratio compared to pigs receiving NC and G1 diets (P<0.05). Pigs fed G2 diet exhibited higher coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter than those fed NC diet (P<0.05). There were no differences on blood profiles, fecal scores, fecal moisture, and fecal pH (P>0.05). Fecal lactic acid bacteria counts in G2 treatment were higher compared with PC and NC treatments (P<0.05). Coliform bacteria concentrations were decreased in pigs fed PC and G2 diets compared with those fed NC diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that dietary supplementation of 0.2% β-glucan can improve growth performance and dry matter digestibility, increase fecal lactic acid bacteria concentration but decrease fecal coliform bacteria concentration in weaner pigs.
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