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Wang K, Song D, Zhang X, Datsomor O, Jiang M, Zhao G. Effects of High-Grain Diet on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Rumen Microbial Flora of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2522. [PMID: 39272306 PMCID: PMC11394336 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the fluctuations in production performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial community in lactating dairy cows fed a high-grain diet (HG). In this study, 16 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with similar milk yields of 16.80 ± 4.30 kg/d, days in milk 171.44 ± 23.25 days, and parity 2.2 ± 1.5 times were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. One group was fed a low-grain diet (LG; 40% concentrate, DM basis; n = 8), and the other group was fed a high-grain diet (HG; 60% concentrate, DM basis; n = 8). The experiment lasted 6 weeks, including 1 week for adaptation. The experimental results showed that the milk fat content in the milk of lactating cows in the HG group was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content showed an increasing trend (0.05 < p < 0.10) compared with the LG group. Compared with the LG group, rumen fluid pH was significantly decreased after feeding a high-grain diet, and contents of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The acetate/propionate significantly decreased (p < 0.05). HG group significantly increased the abundance of Prevotella and Bacteroides in rumen fluid while significantly reducing the abundance of Methanobrevibacter and Lachnospiraceae ND3007_group (p < 0.05). Microorganisms with LDA scores > 2 were defined as unique, with the bacterial genus Anaerorhabdus_furcosa_group identified as a biomarker for the LG group, and the unique bacterial genus in the HG group were Prevotella, Stenotrophomonas, and Xanthomonadaceae. The prediction results of microbial function showed that a total of 18 KEGG differential pathways were generated between the two treatment groups, mainly manifested in metabolic pathways, signal transduction, and the immune system. In conclusion, the HG group promoted rumen fermentation by altering the microbial composition of lactating cows. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of high-grain diets to achieve high yields in intensive dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Damin Song
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zawada M, Nijak M, Mac J, Szczepaniak J, Legutko S, Gościańska-Łowińska J, Szymczyk S, Kaźmierczak M, Zwierzyński M, Wojciechowski J, Szulc T, Rogacki R. Control and Measurement Systems Supporting the Production of Haylage in Baler-Wrapper Machines. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2992. [PMID: 36991704 PMCID: PMC10052844 DOI: 10.3390/s23062992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Baler-wrappers are machines designed to produce high-quality forage, in accordance with the requirements of sustainable agriculture. Their complicated structure, and significant loads occurring during operation, prompted the creation of systems for controlling the machines' processes and measuring the most important work parameters, in this work. The compaction control system is based on a signal from the force sensors. It allows for detection differences in the compression of the bale and additionally protects against overload. The method of measuring the swath size, with the use of a 3D camera, was presented. Scanning the surface and travelled distance allows for estimating the volume of the collected material-making it possible to create yield maps (precision farming). It is also used to vary the dosage of ensilage agents, that control the fodder formation process, in relation to the moisture and temperature of the material. The paper also deals with the issue of measuring the weight of the bales-securing the machine against overload and collecting data for planning the bales' transport. The machine, equipped with the above-mentioned systems, allows for safer and more efficient work, and provides information about the state of the crop in relation to a geographical position, which allows for further inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Zawada
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Nijak
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Control, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Mac
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jan Szczepaniak
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Legutko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Julia Gościańska-Łowińska
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Sebastian Szymczyk
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michał Kaźmierczak
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Mikołaj Zwierzyński
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Jacek Wojciechowski
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Tomasz Szulc
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Roman Rogacki
- Center of Agricultural and Food Technology, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Poznan Institute of Technology, 61-755 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (J.M.); (J.G.-Ł.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (R.R.)
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Ben Meir YA, Shaani Y, Bikel D, Portnik Y, Jacoby S, Moallem U, Miron J, Frank E. Reducing dietary sodium of dairy cows fed a low-roughages diet affect intake and feed efficiency, but not yield. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 12:1-6. [PMID: 36381067 PMCID: PMC9636555 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from dairy farms has become a major environmental and economical concern. Sodium residue in treated and untreated wastewater from dairy farms used for irrigation can lead to soil and groundwater salinization, with the risk of soil degradation. We examined the effect of reducing sodium fed to mid to late lactating cows from 0.61% (high sodium [HS]) to 0.45% (low sodium [LS]) of dry matter on dry matter intake (DMI), milk and milk-component yields, eating behavior, apparent total track digestibility, feed efficiency, and sodium excretion into the environment. We randomly assigned 28 multiparous high-yielding ( > 35 kg milk/d) cows to 1 of 2 treatment groups (LS or HS) in a crossover design, with 7 d of adaptation and 28 d of data collection. Reducing sodium in the diet reduced sodium intake from 171 to 123 g/d while lowering sodium excreted in the manure by 22%. Energy corrected milk (ECM) yield (37.4 kg/d) and sodium excretion in the milk (33.7 g/d) were similar for both groups. The DMI of LS cows was lower than that of HS cows (27.3 vs. 28 kg/d) and consequently, feed efficiency of the LS cows was higher (1.40 vs. 1.35 ECM/DMI). Eating rate, meal and visit frequency, and eating time were similar for both treatments; meal and visit duration were longer for the HS cows, and meal and visit sizes tended to be larger. Digestibility of DM and amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber remained similar. Based on the results of this study, and discussed considerations, we recommend lowering the dietary sodium content for mid to late lactating cows in commercial herds to 0.52% of DM, in order to reduce sodium excretion to the environment via urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehoshav A. Ben Meir
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Yoav Shaani
- Department of Animal Production, Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Daniel Bikel
- Department of Animal Production, Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Yuri Portnik
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Shamai Jacoby
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Joshua Miron
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Eyal Frank
- Department of Animal Production, Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
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Ren Q, Li H, Xu F, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Fan T, Wei Z, Yuan F, Han F, Cong R. Effect of high-concentrate diets on mRNA expression of genes related to muscle fiber type and metabolism of psoas major muscle in goats. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13725. [PMID: 35508764 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the process of modern breeding, high-concentrate diets are widely used to meet the high energy nutritional requirements of animals but change the form of access to energy and nutrients and the way the organism metabolizes them. Goat psoas major (PM) muscle is a hybrid skeletal muscle whose characteristics are important for the motility and meat quality of goats. However, there are few studies on the effects of high-concentrate diets on the muscle type and metabolic characteristics of PM in goats. In this study, two treatment groups were set up: high concentrate group (HC) and control group (C). The expression of genes related to muscle type and metabolism of the PM was examined by quantitative PCR. The results showed that high concentrate promoted the conversion of PM fibers from intermediate to slow type at the mRNA level, improved the absorption, transport, and oxidation of fat by PM, and upregulated the expression of calpain system. These changes may be regulated by the involvement of differential expression of MSTN, Myf-5, and IGF-2. These results suggest that high concentrate may exert a positive effect on skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and meat quality in goats by affecting the expression of muscle type and metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Ren
- Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Yihan Zhu
- Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Han
- Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Xianyang, China
| | - Rihua Cong
- Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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