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Marume U, Zvarivadza W, Hugo A. Artemisia afra essential oils inclusion in diets induces desirable effects on meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broilers chickens. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100390. [PMID: 39257643 PMCID: PMC11386498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of Artemisia afra (African wormwood) essential oil incorporation in diets on meat quality and fatty acid profilers of broilers was assessed. Four hundred Cobb500 day-old chicks were obtained and placed randomly into the following 4 diets replicated 10 times: NC-Negative control (broiler diet without antibiotics), PC-positive control (broiler diet with zinc bacitracin), AA1-broiler diet + 0.1 % A. afra essential oil and AA2 - broiler diet + 0.3% A. afra essential oil. A pen having 10 chicks was regarded as the experimental unit. From the results, all carcass traits were influenced (P < 0.01) by diet apart from the dressing out percentage. The highest slaughter weights (1846g) and hot carcass weight (1427.36g) were obtained in birds fed the AA1 diet. Highest ultimate pH value (6.24) was obtained from the birds fed the AA1 while the highest values for meat lightness (L*) were obtained in birds offered the AA1 and NC diets (55.73 and 55.82). Cooking loss was highest in birds fed the NC (31.01%) diet. Birds fed the AA2 diet (23.7mg/g)) had the highest intramuscular fat followed by the AA1 fed birds. Inclusion of A. afra essential oils in diets also increased the proportion of PUFAs, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/SFA ratios. In conclusion, the incorporation of A. afra essential oil in diets improved meat quality and fatty acid composition of broiler meat for the benefit of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marume
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - W Zvarivadza
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Food Science Division: Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Rossi R, Mainardi E, Vizzarri F, Corino C. Verbascoside-Rich Plant Extracts in Animal Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38247465 PMCID: PMC10812750 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the search for dietary intervention with natural products able to sustain animal health and decrease environmental impact, has raised the number of studies pertaining to the use of plants' secondary metabolites. In fact, in livestock, there is a clear relationship between the animals' antioxidant status and the onset of some diseases that negatively affect animal welfare, health, and productive performance. An interesting compound that belongs to the secondary metabolites family of plants, named phenylpropanoids, is verbascoside. The genus Verbascum, which includes more than 233 plant species, is the genus in which this compound was first identified, but it has also been found in other plant extracts. Verbascoside exhibits several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective properties, that have been evaluated mainly in in vitro studies for human health. The present work reviews the literature on the dietary integration of plant extracts containing verbascoside in livestock. The effects of dietary plant extracts containing verbascoside on the productive performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters, and meat quality in several animal species were evaluated. The present data point out that dietary plant extracts containing verbascoside appear to be a favorable dietary intervention to enhance health, antioxidant status, and product quality in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Edda Mainardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Vizzarri
- National Agricultural and Food Centre Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia;
| | - Carlo Corino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
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Ogbuewu IP, Mbajiorgu CA. Dietary Dialium guineense stem-bark supplementation improves growth performance and haemato-biochemical characteristics of broiler chickens. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17341. [PMID: 37484235 PMCID: PMC10361381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry farmers, particularly in developing countries, are concerned about the rising cost of conventional feed additives such as antibiotics. This has sparked a lot of interest in the search for phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) that can be used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in chicken diets. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of Dialium guineensestem-bark (DGSB) one of such PFAs, and its effect of its supplementation on the performance of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Fresh D. guineense stem barks were manually harvested, dried on shade and thereafter milled into DGSB powder. The DGSB was chemically analysed and standard broiler chicken diets were supplemented with DGSB at 0 (T1), 0.5 (T2), 1.0 (T3) and 1.5 (T4) g kg-1 feed. 200 day-old chicks were raised on starter mash from days 1-21 and finisher mash from days 22-47. Results suggested that DGSB is relatively high in fibre, ash and important phytochemicals. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) responded to incremental levels of DGSB linearly. Maximum ADFI was achieved at 1.5 g DGSB/kg feed. Birds in group T2 recorded the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.90, while those in group T4 had the highest FCR of 2.68. Broiler chickens on 0.5 g/kg feed attained higher (P < 0.05) final live weight (FLW) and average daily gain (ADG). Results indicated that dietary DGSB supplementation influenced aspects of the blood traits of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Results also show that DGSB had a quadratic effect on FLW, ADG, aspects of red blood cell indices, platelets, white blood cells, lymphocytes, glucose, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in broiler chickens. In conclusion, DGSB is high in fibre, ash and some beneficial phytochemicals and may be incorporated to broiler chicken nutrition at a supplementation level not beyond 0.5 g/kg feed for best growth performance and blood characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyichukwu Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Christian Anayo Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Amer SA, Gouda A, Saleh GK, Nassar AH, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Altohamy DE, Kilany MS, Davies SJ, Omar AE. Dietary Frankincense ( Boswellia serrata) Oil Modulates the Growth, Intestinal Morphology, the Fatty Acid Composition of Breast Muscle, Immune Status, and Immunoexpression of CD3 and CD20 in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060971. [PMID: 36978513 PMCID: PMC10044135 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation explored the impact of dietary frankincense resin oil (FO) on growth performance parameters, intestinal histomorphology, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, and the immune status of broilers. We allotted 400, three-day-old, male chicks (Ross 308 broiler) into four treatment groups (ten replicates/group; ten chicks/replicate). They were fed a basal diet with different concentrations of FO (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg-1). FO supplementation increased the overall body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) by different amounts, linearly improving the feed conversion ratio with the in-supplementation level. Total feed intake (TFI) was not affected. Growth hormones and total serum protein levels also linearly increased with the FO level, while albumin was elevated in the FO600 group. Moreover, total globulins increased linearly in FO400 and FO600 treatment groups. Thyroxin hormone (T3 and T4) levels increased in all FO treatment groups without affecting glucose and leptin serum values. Different concentrations of FO supplementation in the diet increased the activities of Complement 3, lysozyme, and interleukin 10 levels in the serum. Dietary FO in broilers increased the total percentage of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. It also increased the ratio of n-3 to n-6 linearly and quadratically. Additionally, FO supplementation led to the upregulation of immune clusters of differentiation 3 and 20 (CD3 and CD20) in the spleen, along with improving most of the morphometric measures of the small intestine. In conclusion, FO up to 600 mg kg-1 as a feed additive in broiler chicken production is valuable for promoting their growth, intestinal histomorphology, and immune status along with enriching breast muscle with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, Center of National Research, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Gehan K Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Arwa H Nassar
- Food Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Wahab A Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia E Altohamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Maha S Kilany
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Simon J Davies
- School of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway Republic of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Anaam E Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Ayalew H, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu S, Qiu K, Qi G, Tekeste A, Wassie T, Chanie D. Potential Feed Additives as Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Production. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:916473. [PMID: 35782570 PMCID: PMC9247512 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to describe the current use scenario, alternative feed additives, modes of action and ameliorative effects in broiler production. Alternative feed additives have promising importance in broiler production due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics. The most used antibiotic alternatives in broiler production are phytogenics, organic acids, prebiotics, probiotics, enzymes, and their derivatives. Antibiotic alternatives have been reported to increase feed intake, stimulate digestion, improve feed efficiency, increase growth performance, and reduce the incidence of diseases by modulating the intestinal microbiota and immune system, inhibiting pathogens, and improving intestinal integrity. Simply, the gut microbiota is the target to raise the health benefits and growth-promoting effects of feed additives on broilers. Therefore, naturally available feed additives are promising antibiotic alternatives for broilers. Then, summarizing the category, mode of action, and ameliorative effects of potential antibiotic alternatives on broiler production may provide more informed decisions for broiler nutritionists, researchers, feed manufacturers, and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Ayalew
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haijun Zhang
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayalsew Tekeste
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Demissie Chanie
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zvarivadza W, Marume U. Growth performance and heamatobiochemical parameters of broilers fed diets containing Artemisia afra essential oil. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effects of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. essential oil inclusion in diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments: NC – negative control (commercial broiler diet without antibiotics), PC – positive control (commercial broiler diet), AA1 – commercial diet + 0.1% A. afra essential oil, and AA2 – commercial diet + 0.3 % A. afra essential oil. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. From the results, birds fed the PC diet had the highest average daily feed intake (105.60 g ± 3.18) and average daily gain (ADG) in the grower phase. The highest ADG in the finisher phase was obtained in the AAI treatment (170.23 g·d−1 ± 2.00), whereas the feed conversion ratio was lower in the essential-oil-containing diets. Diet significantly improved protein utilization efficiency in both grower and finisher phases. Birds fed AA1 had the highest values for neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, whereas those fed the NC diet had the highest alkaline phosphatase levels (102.00 IU·L−1 ± 7.61). The findings of the study suggest the use of A. afra essential oil in broiler diets can positively improve growth and flock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Zvarivadza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Upenyu Marume
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Jachimowicz K, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Tomaszewska E. The Impact of Herbal Additives for Poultry Feed on the Fatty Acid Profile of Meat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091054. [PMID: 35565481 PMCID: PMC9101922 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers often found that herbal additives to chicken feed can favorably alter the fatty acid profile of the meat. The most desirable effects of diet modification comprise an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a reduced content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the breast and thigh muscles. A modified fatty acid profile contributes to improvement in the quality of poultry meat, which is reflected in its increased consumption. However, it may be problematic that PUFAs are oxidized easier than other lipids, which can have a negative impact on the sensory traits of meat. By contrast, herbs and herbal products contain antioxidants that can prevent the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol present in animal-origin products and increase the antioxidant potential of the consumer’s body. This paper aims to review the influence of herbal additives for broiler chicken diets on the fatty acid profile of poultry meat. Special attention was paid to changes in the content of SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, but also alterations in the omega-6:omega-3 ratio. The presented reference literature supports the statement that herbs and bioactive components of herbs added to chicken diets can improve the quality of broiler chicken meat by altering the content of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jachimowicz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Herbal Plants Application in Organic Poultry Nutrition and Production. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308155156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants and natural feed additives are the most important alternatives in animal production, especially broiler production, due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics, their cost-effectiveness and harmful residual effects.
Objective:
In this mini-review article, some important medicinal herbs and plants with positive effects on organic broiler production have been highlighted.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, Springer, Medline and PubMed.
Results:
Medicinal plants such as ginger, ginkgo, thyme, ponderosa pine, soybean, forsythia, peppermint, Chinese star anise, astragalus, mistletoe, schisandra, cumin, capsicum, garlic, hooker chives, artichoke, Borreria latifolia, zataria, pomegranate, turmeric, lingzhi, Lippia javanica, neem, oriental chaff flower, mulberry leaf, goji berry, Aloe vera, pumpkin, grape, common nettle, marigold, coriandrum, Citrus sinensis, Alisma canaliculatum, Persian hogweed, Eucommiaulmoides, bamboo leaf extract, rosemary, Morina citrifolia, chestnut, green tea, wild mint, clove, sumac, satureja, ashwagandha, Lonicera japonica, Acacia, liquorice, Artemisia annua, milk thistle, cinnamon, black cumin and etc. have positive effects on organic broiler production.
Conclusion:
Herbal medicines lead to increased body weight due to a higher feed intake and a higher feed conversion ratio, and improve antioxidant activity of broiler chickens based on their phenolic compound contents. The combination of medicinal herbal additives also has a positive impact on broiler production. In organic broiler production with the usage of herbal plants, reducing hormones, growth promoters and antibiotics should be organized as well as considering appropriate organic feed management and higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
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Sustainable Antibiotic-Free Broiler Meat Production: Current Trends, Challenges, and Possibilities in a Developing Country Perspective. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110411. [PMID: 33238534 PMCID: PMC7700346 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chickens are raised with the assistance of the regular use of antibiotics, not only for the prevention and treatment of diseases but, also, for body growth. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals are contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, antibiotic-free broiler meat production is becoming increasingly popular worldwide to meet consumer demand. However, numerous challenges need to be overcome in producing antibiotic-free broiler meat by adopting suitable strategies regarding food safety and chicken welfare issues. This review focuses on the current scenario of antibiotic use, prospects, and challenges in sustainable antibiotic-free broiler meat production. We also discuss the needs and challenges of antibiotic alternatives and provide a future perspective on antibiotic-free broiler meat production. Abstract Antibiotic-free broiler meat production is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to consumer perception that it is superior to conventional broiler meat. Globally, broiler farming impacts the income generation of low-income households, helping to alleviate poverty and secure food in the countryside and in semi-municipal societies. For decades, antibiotics have been utilized in the poultry industry to prevent and treat diseases and promote growth. This practice contributes to the development of drug-resistant bacteria in livestock, including poultry, and humans through the food chain, posing a global public health threat. Additionally, consumer demand for antibiotic-free broiler meat is increasing. However, there are many challenges that need to be overcome by adopting suitable strategies to produce antibiotic-free broiler meat with regards to food safety and chicken welfare issues. Herein, we focus on the importance and current scenario of antibiotic use, prospects, and challenges in the production of sustainable antibiotic-free broiler meat, emphasizing broiler farming in the context of Bangladesh. Moreover, we also discuss the need for and challenges of antibiotic alternatives and provide a future outlook for antibiotic-free broiler meat production.
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Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071209. [PMID: 32708616 PMCID: PMC7401556 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The frequent use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry feed leads to antimicrobial resistance, resulting in a ban on their subtherapeutic use in food-producing animals. In this context, there is a dire need to find safe and potential alternatives. Recently, phytobiotics, especially herbs, have gained attention and have been studied extensively for their possible use as alternative poultry feed additives. Persicaria odorata is a herb (phytobiotic) that is reported to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective properties. This study is the first of its kind to assess the effects of different doses of supplementation of Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on haematological blood indicators, serum biochemistry, organ parameters, and histomorphology of the liver in broiler chickens. The results revealed that the dietary supplementation of POLM enhanced the growth performance, positively improved the haematological indices and serum biochemistry profile with no deleterious effects on internal organs, and ameliorated the histomorphology of the liver, even at dietary supplementation of 8 g/kg. Thus, POLM would be safe at an inclusion rate of 8 g/kg as an alternative phytogenic feed additive in broiler chickens. Abstract This research was conducted to estimate the effects of Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on haematological indices, serum biochemical attributes, and internal organs parameters, including histomorphological features of the liver, in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were basal diet (BD), which served as the control (C), along with BD + 2 g/kg POLM (Po2), BD + 4 g/kg POLM (Po4), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), which were the supplemented groups. The body weight gain (BWG) showed a linear increase and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a linear decrease with increasing POLM dosage at day 42 (p ˂ 0.05) and for the overall growth performance period (p ˂ 0.01). On day 21 and day 42, the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed linear increases (p ˂0.05) as the dosage of POLM increased in the diet. On day 21, dietary supplementation of POLM linearly decreased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and serum levels of urea and creatinine. On the other hand, serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin showed a linear increase (p ˂ 0.05) as the POLM dosage increased. On day 42, the serum activity of AST and ALT and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine showed linear decreases (p ˂ 0.05) with increased levels of POLM in the diet. However, POLM supplementation linearly increased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum levels of TP and globulin. Dietary inclusion of POLM did not influence the organ parameters and showed no adverse effects on the liver histomorphology. In conclusion, supplementation of POLM increased the growth performance, improving haematological indices and serum biochemistry profiles of broiler chickens without any deleterious effects on the liver histomorphology. The results of the present study provide evidence that POLM can be safely used at a dose rate of 8 g/kg of feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs).
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Basit MA, Arifah AK, Loh TC, Saleha AA, Salleh A, Kaka U, Idris SB. Effects of graded dose dietary supplementation of Piper betle leaf meal and Persicaria odorata leaf meal on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, and gut morphology in broilers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1503-1513. [PMID: 32489287 PMCID: PMC7254159 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to antimicrobial resistance and the public health hazard of antibiotic growth promoters, there is a grave need to find potential alternatives for sustainable poultry production. Piper betle (PB) and Persicaria odorata (PO) are herbs, which have been reported for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to estimate the influence of different dose supplementation of Piper betle leaf meal (PBLM) and Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on growth performance, ileal digestibility and gut morphology of broilers chickens. A total of 210 one day-old broiler chicks were randomly grouped into 7 treatments, and each treatment group has 3 replicates (n = 10) with a total number of 30 chicks. The treatments included T1 control (basal diet (BD) with no supplementation), T2 (BD + 2 g/kg PBLM); T3 (BD + 4 g/kg PBLM), T4 (BD + 8 g/kg PBLM), T5 (BD + 2 g/kg POLM), T6 (BD + 4 g/kg POLM), T7 (BD + 8 g/kg POLM). Growth performance, gut morphology and ileal digestibility were measured. Except for T4 (8 g/kg PBLM), graded dose inclusion of PBLM and POLM increased (P < 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG), positively modulated the gut architecture and enhanced nutrient digestibility in both stater and finisher growth phases of broiler chickens. Birds fed on PBLM 4 g/kg (T3), and POLM 8 g/kg (T7) had significantly higher (P < 0.05) BWG with superior (P < 0.05) feed efficiency in the overall growth period. Chickens fed on diets T3 and T7 had longer (P < 0.05) villi for duodenum as well as for jejunum. Furthermore, the birds fed on supplementations T3 and T7 showed improved (P < 0.05) digestibility of ether extract (EE), and dry matter (DM) compared to the control group. However, least (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP) digestibility was recorded for T4. In conclusion, dietary supplementations of PBLM 4 g/kg and POLM 8 g/kg were positively modulated the intestinal microarchitecture with enhanced nutrient digestibility, resulted in maximum body weight gain, thus improved the growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Basit
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Kadir Arifah
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Saleha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Annas Salleh
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sherifat Banke Idris
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria
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12
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Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Al-Yasiry A, Zając M. Immunomodulant feed supplement Boswellia serrata to support broiler chickens' health and dietary and technological meat quality. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1052-1061. [PMID: 32029141 PMCID: PMC7587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of broiler chicken diets with resin rich in bioactive components, such as different boswellic acids, can improve the productivity, fatty acid composition, and technological parameters of produced meat. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different levels of Boswellia serrata resin (BSR) supplementation in broiler chicken diet on fatty acid profiles in tissues and meat quality (physicochemical properties). The experimental Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 5 cages per treatment. The dietary treatments applied for 6 wk consisted of the control (C) and supplementation with 1.5 (BSR1.5), 2 (BSR2), or 2.5% (BSR2.5) of BSR resin. All the diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The BSR supplementation had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the share of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the sum of total fatty acids in breast and drumstick muscles and abdominal fat. In addition, the following dietary parameters of the meat were improved: n-3/n-6, saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio. The addition of BSR to the broiler chicken diets increased linearly (C vs. BSR, P < 0.05) the physicochemical properties of the breast and drumstick muscles: water-holding capacity and cooking losses. The color parameter a* decreased linearly (P = 0.033) in the breast muscles of the BSR-treated broiler chickens (8.6 and 7.8% C vs. BSR2 and BSR 2.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Kiczorowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Samolińska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ali Al-Yasiry
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; Basic Sciences Department, Ibn Sina University, Qadisaya Expy, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Malwina Zając
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Gudiso X, Hlatini V, Ncobela C, Chimonyo M, Mafongoya P. Serum metabolites and weights of internal organs of broilers fed on varying levels ofAcacia angustissimaleaf meal. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.C. Gudiso
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - V.A. Hlatini
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - C.N. Ncobela
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - M. Chimonyo
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - P.L. Mafongoya
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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Shirani V, Jazi V, Toghyani M, Ashayerizadeh A, Sharifi F, Barekatain R. Pulicaria gnaphalodes powder in broiler diets: consequences for performance, gut health, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2577-2587. [PMID: 30690512 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The search constantly continues to identify potential alternatives to the use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) in broiler production. This trial was conducted with broiler chicks to investigate the effect of different levels of Pulicaria gnaphalodes powder (PGP) in comparison with AGP, and probiotic (PRO) on growth performance, gut microflora, intestinal morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile of meat. Ross 308 male broiler chicks (n = 576) were randomly assigned into 6 dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 12 birds per pen. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet as control (CON, with no additive), CON + 0.1% PGP, CON + 0.2% PGP, CON + 0.3% PGP, CON + 0.1% probiotic mixture (PRO), and CON + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate (AGP). Higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio were obtained in birds fed AGP and 0.3% PGP compared with those fed CON and 0.1% PGP during grower, finisher, and the entire study (P < 0.05). On day 42, birds on PRO, 0.2 and 0.3% PGP treatments had lower counts of Escherichia coli and higher lactobacillus spp. in ileum and cecal contents compared to the CON and 0.1% PGP (P < 0.05). Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of the duodenum were increased (P < 0.05) in response to dietary AGP, PRO, and 0.3% PGP. The diets containing PRO and different levels of PGP increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and decreased malondialdehyde level in serum, liver, and thigh muscle (P < 0.05). Total polyunsaturated fatty acid and n-3 fatty acid of birds fed PRO and PGP diets were higher than birds in CON and AGP groups (P < 0.05). In summary, supplementation of PGP could be a potential alternative to AGP in broiler diets due to its combined positive impacts on performance, serum cholesterol, intestinal health, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid profile in meat. Such effects, however, need to be further verified under compromised health or a disease challenge condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shirani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 8155139999, Iran
| | - V Jazi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P. B. 49189-4364, Gorgan, Iran
| | - M Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 8155139999, Iran
| | - A Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P. B. 49189-4364, Gorgan, Iran
| | - F Sharifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - R Barekatain
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
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15
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Cázares-Gallegos R, Silva-Vázquez R, Hernández-Martínez CA, Gutiérrez-Soto JG, Kawas-Garza JR, Hume ME, Méndez-Zamora GM. Performance, Carcass Variables, and Meat Quality of Broilers Supplemented with Dietary Mexican Oregano Oil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - ME Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Feed Safety Research, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Yin C, Wang D, Huang J, Ho CT, Zhou Y, Wan X. Supplemental summer-autumn tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) improve the immune status of broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1493386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengnan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Mehdi Y, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Gaucher ML, Chorfi Y, Suresh G, Rouissi T, Brar SK, Côté C, Ramirez AA, Godbout S. Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:170-178. [PMID: 30140756 PMCID: PMC6103476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections. However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health. Some strategies can be borrowed to reduce the use of antibiotics in chicken farms. Much research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth promoters. The aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while preserving environment and consumer health. Among these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides, nanoparticles and essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Mehdi
- Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, local 4145 (Qc), Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, 2700 rue Einstein-Québec, Québec G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, local 4145 (Qc), Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne (Qc), Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne (Qc), Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne (Qc), Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Côté
- Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, 2700 rue Einstein-Québec, Québec G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Antonio Avalos Ramirez
- Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologies Environnementales, 2263 Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, Québec G9N 6V8, Canada
| | - Stéphane Godbout
- Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, 2700 rue Einstein-Québec, Québec G1P 3W8, Canada
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18
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Matshogo TB, Mlambo V, Marume U, Sebola N. Growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits in Potchefstroom Koekoek chickens fed Lippia javanica leaf meal. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1787-1795. [PMID: 29789988 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lippia javanica leaves may have nutraceutical bioactivity and thus could be a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets. To test this hypothesis, a feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of Lippia javanica leaf meal (LJ) on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality of indigenous Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) chickens. The leaf meal was used to dilute a commercial chicken grower diet at a rate of 25 or 50 g/kg diet. Two additional experimental diets, a positive control (commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics, CON+) and a negative control (commercial chicken grower diet without antibiotics, CON-), were also formulated. Feed intake and growth performance were measured over a period of 13 weeks before slaughtering for carcass and meat quality measurements. Blood was collected in week 11 to determine haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Diet had no effect on overall FCE but significantly (P < 0.05) affected bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), sodium, potassium, cholesterol and magnesium levels in blood. When included at 50 g/kg, LJ increased carcass weight (P < 0.05). Meat from CON- (6.07) and LJ50 (6.08) chickens had a higher pH than from CON+ (5.9) and LJ25 (5.8) chickens. Breast muscle in CON- chickens had higher (P < 0.05) lightness (L*) value (53.2) compared to chickens fed on other diets. It was observed that meat from LJ25 chickens had the highest for redness value (2.3). It was concluded that L. javanica leaf meal can be included up to 50 g/kg in Potchefstroom koekoek chicken diets without causing negative effects on the birds' feed intake, utilisation and weight gain. Diet-induced changes observed in blood parameters and meat quality fell within the expected normal ranges for indigenous chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Matshogo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - V Mlambo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| | - U Marume
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - N Sebola
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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19
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Zhang D, Shang T, Huang Y, Wang S, Liu H, Wang J, Wang Y, Ji H, Zhang R. Gene expression profile changes in the jejunum of weaned piglets after oral administration of Lactobacillus or an antibiotic. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15816. [PMID: 29150660 PMCID: PMC5693952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays an essential role in the health and well-being of animals. Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus has a protective effect on intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelium integrity and appropriate maturation of gut-associated tissues. Here, gene expression in jejunum tissue of weaned piglets was investigated by RNA-seq analysis after administration of sterile saline, Lactobacillus reuteri, or an antibiotic (chlortetracycline). In total, 401 and 293 genes were significantly regulated by chlortetracycline and L. reuteri, respectively, compared with control treatment. Notably, the HP, NOX1 and GPX2 genes were significantly up-regulated in the L. reuteri group compared with control, which is related to the antioxidant ability of this strain. In addition, the expression of genes related to arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism enriched after treatment with L. reuteri. The fatty acid composition in the jejunum and colon was examined by GC-MS analysis and suggested that the MUFA C18:1n9c, and PUFAs C18:2n6c and C20:4n6 were increased in the L. reuteri group, verifying the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of the RNA-seq results. The results contribute to our understanding of the probiotic activity of this strain and its application in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Lab. of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tingting Shang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Lab. of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Lab. of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng.: Traditional and Commercial Uses and Phytochemical and Pharmacological Significance in the African and Indian Subcontinent. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6746071. [PMID: 28115974 PMCID: PMC5237467 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6746071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lippia javanica occurs naturally in central, eastern, and southern Africa and has also been recorded in the tropical Indian subcontinent. The potential of L. javanica as herbal or recreational tea and herbal medicine and its associated phytochemistry and biological properties are reviewed. The extensive literature survey revealed that L. javanica is used as herbal tea and has ethnomedicinal applications such as in colds, cough, fever, malaria, wounds, diarrhoea, chest pains, bronchitis, and asthma. Multiple classes of phytochemicals including volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, iridoids, and triterpenes as well as several minerals have been identified from L. javanica. Scientific studies on L. javanica indicate that it has a wide range of pharmacological activities which include anticancer, antiamoebic, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, and pesticidal effects. Although many of the traditional uses of L. javanica have been validated by phytochemical and pharmacological studies, there are still some gaps where current knowledge could be improved. Lippia javanica is popular as both herbal and recreational tea, but there is need for more precise studies to evaluate the safety and clinical value of its main active crude and pure compounds and to clarify their mechanisms of action.
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