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Kobayashi M, Yoshida T, Fukunaga Y, Hara D, Sugimoto S, Naganawa S, Sone M. Improvement of vertigo symptoms and acoustic power absorbance in cases with endolymphatic hydrops. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1210. [PMID: 38362179 PMCID: PMC10866578 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The pathophysiology and symptoms underlying Meniere's disease (MD) manifest as endolymphatic hydrops (EH), potentially impacting acoustic power absorbance in vestibular EH. The longitudinal effects of middle ear pressure therapy (MEPT) and conservative therapies for EH by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and on acoustic power absorbance on wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) were evaluated, and their changes were compared with clinical symptoms. Methods Eleven patients with definite MD or delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH), resistant to conservative therapies and who continued MEPT for 1 year, were included. Vertigo scores, hearing levels, acoustic power absorbance on WAI, and degrees of EH on 3-T MRI were evaluated and compared before and after the treatments. Results One year after the start of MEPT, all cases showed symptomatic improvement in vertigo score; however, the degrees of EH showed no improvements except in one case. In the affected ears with EH, their absorbances on WAI improved, particularly at 1580-1905 or 2400-2953 Hz (p < .05). Conclusion Alleviation of vestibular symptoms with the therapy of MD was not necessarily associated with improved EH. Vestibular symptoms could be related to the change in the impedance of inner ear pressure, which was proven by the normalization of acoustic power absorbance. Assessments of acoustic power absorbance may provide useful information for physiological conditions and causative factors of vertigo in ears with EH. Level of evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Kobayashi
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Tadao Yoshida
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yukari Fukunaga
- Department of RehabilitationNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Daisuke Hara
- Department of RehabilitationNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Satofumi Sugimoto
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- Department of RadiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Michihiko Sone
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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2
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Mavrommatis MA, Kaul VF, Chow K, Fan CJ, Bellaire CP, Cosetti MK, Wanna GB, Perez E. Temporal changes in endolymphatic hydrops on MRI with or without intervention: A systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103764. [PMID: 36587603 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of Meniere's Disease (MD) involves endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) of the inner ear. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been shown to detect ELH, but changes in ELH have been poorly described using this modality. Our objective was to review MRI-measured changes in ELH over time and after medical and/or surgical intervention in patients with MD. We secondarily aim to associate changes in ELH with changes in MD symptomatology. DATABASES REVIEWED Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases. METHODS A systematic review of articles was performed to identify studies utilizing MRI to measure ELH changes over time, and after medical or surgical treatment. Articles on non-human subjects and without direct measurement of ELH were excluded. RESULTS Of 532 studies identified, 12 were included, involving 170 patients (mean age 56.3 years). Ten studies were prospective; two were retrospective. Five studies strictly utilized medical means of intervention, four utilized surgical treatments, one utilized both, and two observed temporal changes without treatment. Across all interventions, 72.1 % of patients exhibited the same or worsening ELH on imaging. In studies reporting vertigo outcomes, 95.9 % of patients exhibited improvement after the treatment period. CONCLUSION Medical and surgical interventions often yield symptomatic relief of vertigo in MD patients despite stable or increasing ELH volume. MRI may have greater clinical utility in diagnosing ELH as opposed to assessing treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Mavrommatis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian F Kaul
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Chow
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Caleb J Fan
- Michigan Ear Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | | | - Maura K Cosetti
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George B Wanna
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enrique Perez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Liu Y, Pyykkö I, Naganawa S, Marques P, Gürkov R, Yang J, Duan M. Consensus on MR Imaging of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Patients With Suspected Hydropic Ear Disease (Meniere). Front Surg 2022; 9:874971. [PMID: 35574547 PMCID: PMC9096015 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.874971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) is considered the histological hallmark of Meniere's disease. Visualization of EH has been achieved by special sequences of inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a gadolinium-based contrast agent via intravenous or intratympanic administration. Although it has been applied for more than 10 years since 2007, a unified view on this technique has not yet been achieved. This paper presents an expert consensus on MRI of endolymphatic hydrops in the following aspects: indications and contra-indications for patient selection, methods of contrast-agent administration (intravenous or intratympanic), MRI sequence selection, the specific scanning parameter settings, and standard image evaluation methods and their advantages and disadvantages. For each part of this consensus, a comment is attached to elucidate the reasons for the recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ilmari Pyykkö
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, School of Medicine, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Pedro Marques
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Gürkov
- ENT Centre at Red Cross Square, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Yang
| | - Maoli Duan
- Ear Nose and Throat Patient Area, Trauma and Reparative Medicine Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Maoli Duan
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Peng A, Hu J, Wang Q, Pan X, Zhang Z, Jiang W, Chen Y, Huang C. A comparison of endolymphatic duct blockage, endolymphatic sac drainage and endolymphatic sac decompression surgery in reversing endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:70. [PMID: 34930474 PMCID: PMC8690889 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the differences between endolymphatic duct blockage, endolymphatic sac drainage and endolymphatic sac decompression surgery in the reversal of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in patients with intractable Meniere’s disease (MD). Methods A total of 27 MD patients receiving endolymphatic duct blockage surgery (n = 10), endolymphatic sac drainage surgery (n = 9) and endolymphatic sac decompression surgery (n = 8) underwent gadolinium-enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans prior to, 2 weeks after and at > 12 months following surgery. Results In the group with endolymphatic duct blockage, the second MRI revealed no changes in EH, whereas the third MRI revealed a reversal of vestibular EH in 3 patients and a downgrading of cochlear hydrops in 2 of these 3 patients, who presented with an improvement in their hearing and complete control of vertigo. In the group with endolymphatic sac drainage, the second MRI showed a reversal of EH in 4 patients, and no changes in EH in the remaining 5 patients, whereas the third MRI showed that those 4 patients who presented with a reversal of EH at the second MRI stage remained unchanged except a recurrence of vestibular hydrops in 1 patient. All 4 patients exhibited a complete control of vertigo, but hearing improved in 1, worsened in 1 and remained unchanged in 2. In the group with endolymphatic sac decompression, both the second and third MRI examination revealed no reversal of EH. Conclusions The present study has shown that both endolymphatic duct blockage surgery and endolymphatic sac drainage surgery have the potential to reduce EH in certain MD patients, but none of the patients receiving endolymphatic sac decompression surgery showed reversal of their EH. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junjiao Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xueying Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yichao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Jasińska-Nowacka A, Lachowska M, Wnuk E, Niemczyk K. Changes in endolymphatic hydrops after vestibular neurectomy observed in magnetic resonance imaging - A pilot study. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 49:584-592. [PMID: 34949488 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Ménière's disease before and after vestibular neurectomy to verify if the endolymphatic space dilatation, observed in magnetic resonance imaging, regressed within several months after surgery. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed after intravenous gadolinium injection in four patients with unilateral definite Ménière's disease before and eight months after vestibular neurectomy. Clinical symptoms, audiovestibular tests, and endolymphatic hydrops in magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated. RESULTS Endolymphatic hydrops was visualized in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in three out of four analyzed patients. In the remaining one, an asymmetrical contrast enhancement in the affected ear was found. After the vestibular neurectomy, all four patients presented a complete resolution of vertigo episodes and improved functional level. Significant postoperative hearing deterioration was found in two patients. In the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, no reduction of the endolymphatic hydrops was visualized. A reduction of asymmetrical contrast enhancement in one patient was found. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear is a helpful diagnostic tool for Menière's disease. Vestibular neurectomy is an effective treatment for intractable vertigo; however, there is no endolymphatic hydrops regression evidence within several months after the surgery. Therefore, further studies with a long follow-up period and repeated magnetic resonance imaging are needed to assess the vestibular neurectomy's impact on endolymphatic hydrops. Nevertheless, magnetic resonance imaging supports the clinical diagnosis of Ménière's disease and may help understand its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Lachowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Emilia Wnuk
- 2nd Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Fukushima M, Akahani S, Inohara H, Takeda N. Case Report: Positive Pressure Therapy Combined With Endolymphatic sac Surgery in a Patient With Ménière's Disease. Front Surg 2021; 8:606100. [PMID: 33842529 PMCID: PMC8027478 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.606100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive pressure therapy (PPT) is applied for medically-intractable vertigo in Ménière's disease (MD); however, it remains unknown whether PPT affects in vivo endolymphatic hydrops (EH). In this case report, we describe a 5-year course of MD in a patient in which EH was repeatedly observed. As the patient experienced recurrent vertigo attacks after endolymphatic sac surgery, he began to use the PPT device additionally and vertiginous episodes decreased in accordance with a decrease in the EH volume. The mechanism of PPT is suggested that the pressure increase in the middle ear inhibits EH development. PPT, if added after surgery, might be more effective to reduce EH volume compared with surgery alone. A larger study group size is required to test these preliminary data concerning EH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehisa Fukushima
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Shiro Akahani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
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7
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He J, Peng A, Hu J, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Chao H, Deng K, Jiang W. Dynamics in Endolymphatic Hydrops & Symptoms in Meniere's Disease After Endolymphatic Duct Blockage, Preliminary Results. Front Neurol 2021; 11:622760. [PMID: 33551977 PMCID: PMC7859097 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.622760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the dynamics of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and symptoms in a group of patients who underwent endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB) for treatment of intractable Meniere's Disease (MD), and to explore a metric for verifying the effectiveness of EDB procedure. Methods: A total of 22 patients with intractable MD patients who underwent EDB participated in the present study. EH was visualized using locally enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to and following surgery. The vestibular hydrops ratio (VHR) in the second MRI examination was compared with the pre-surgery recordings. Results: Following EDB, 6 patients exhibited complete or partial reversal of EH, complete control of vertigo spells and reported improvement in hearing; 13 patients showed no changes in EH or hearing, but 5 of these patients exhibited complete control of vertigo attacks, and the other 8 patients exhibited improved control of vertigo attacks. The final 3 patients showed an increase in EH, but symptomatic worsening in 2 patients, and symptomatic improvement in 1 patient. There was a significant difference in the average VHR prior to and following EDB. Postoperative VHR was positively correlated with the frequency of vertigo spells in the latest 6 months of follow-up and improvement of postoperative average hearing threshold. Conclusion: The decreased EH accompanying the reduction in vertigo attacks and hearing preservation may provide a metric for verifying the effectiveness of EDB treatment in patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anquan Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjiao Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huang Chao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Jasińska A, Lachowska M, Wnuk E, Niemczyk K. Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear in the diagnostics of Ménière's disease. Otolaryngol Pol 2020; 75:1-8. [PMID: 33949313 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ménière's disease is characterized by sudden episodes of vertigo accompanied by tinnitus and/or feeling of fullness in the ear as well as fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. However, the enlargement of the inner ear's endolymphatic spaces, referred to as endolymphatic hydrops, is considered the underlying condition. Thanks to recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) technology, it is now possible to obtain in vivo imaging of endolymphatic hydrops in patients presenting with Ménière's disease symptoms. Visualization of the inner ear fluid compartments is achieved after gadolinium contrast is administered into the tympanic cavity or via the intravenous route. Evaluation of endolymphatic hydrops is possible as the contrast agent selectively penetrates the perilymph, and endolymph is visualized as contrast defects. The currently used radiological hydrops grading systems include qualitative, semi-quantitative, and volumetric scales. The methods are subject to ongoing modifications to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Numerous studies describe correlations between clinical symptoms and audiological and otoneurological examination results with the endolymphatic hydrops grade. MRI is also applicable in patients' diagnostics with an incomplete or atypical course of the Ménière's disease. In the course of the treatment, follow-up MRI scans enable assessing individual treatment modalities' efficacy in terms of the severity of lesions and the further course of the disease within the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jasińska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Head: Prof. Kazimierz Niemczyk MD PhD
| | - Magdalena Lachowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Head: Prof. Kazimierz Niemczyk MD PhD
| | - Emilia Wnuk
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Head: Prof. Olgierd Rowiński MD PhD
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Head: Prof. Kazimierz Niemczyk MD PhD
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Peng A, Hu J, Wang Q, Jiang W, Liu W, Zhang Z, Huang C, Chen Y. Modulation of hearing function following the downgrading or upgrading of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease patients with endolymphatic duct blockage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240315. [PMID: 33125386 PMCID: PMC7598453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the dynamics of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and hearing function, and explore whether the hearing loss is caused by EH alone and whether the hearing function can be modulated by changes in the EH. The extent of EH visualized by gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging, hearing thresholds and the summating potential/action potential ratio (-SP/AP ratio) of electrocochleography (ECochG) were recorded prior to and following surgery in 22 patients with intractable Meniere's disease (MD) who underwent endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB). The difference value of the hearing threshold and -SP/AP ratio was significantly positively correlated with the difference value of the endolymph to vestibule-volume ratio (EVVR) and grading of cochlear hydrops between prior to and following surgery. Among patients with a decreased EVVR, the average hearing threshold and -SP/AP ratio was significantly decreased following surgery, as compared to that prior to surgery. Six out of seven patients with a hearing improvement (≥10-dB decline) and 4/5 patients with a negative conversion of EcochG showed downgrading of their hydrops in the cochlea and/or vestibule. By contrast, among patients with an increased EVVR, the average hearing threshold and -SP/AP ratio tended to increase following EDB, as compared with that prior to surgery. One out of two patients with a hearing deterioration (≥10-dB elevation) showed upgrading of her hydrops in both cochlea and vestibule. The present results showed the downgrading of cochlear and/or vestibular hydrops accompanied by the downregulation of the hearing threshold and -SP/AP ratio of EcochG, as well as the upgrading of cochlear and/or vestibular hydrops that tended to upregulate the hearing threshold and -SP/AP ratio of EcochG; this suggested that hearing loss is likely to be caused by hydrops and that the impaired hearing function be modulated by changes in the hydrops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junjiao Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yichao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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