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Nagaraja N, Manjunatha HC, Sridhar KN, Sowmya N, Seenappa L, Munirathnam R, Soundar R. An innovative approach for estimating energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) with HVL and TVL. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2447-2454. [PMID: 38126870 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study proposes an empirical formula for absorption buildup factors as a function of target thickness. The present formula produces absorption buildup factors of compounds and mixtures with simple inputs of linear attenuation coefficient (μ), tenth value layer (TVL) and half value layer (HVL) of interacting target for the atomic number region 29 < Z < 92 for the energies 0.2 MeV < E < 1.5 MeV. This method is used to compute the energy absorption buildup factors using HVL and TVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Nagaraja
- Department of Physics, Government College for women, Kolar 563101, Karnataka, India
| | - Holaly C Manjunatha
- Department of physics, Government First Grade College, Devanahalli 562110, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Nagarajan Sowmya
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Chikkaballapur 562101, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmaiah Seenappa
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Mulbagal 563101, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Renu Soundar
- Department of Physics, Government College for women, Kolar 563101, Karnataka, India
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Gamma-Ray Attenuation and Exposure Buildup Factor of Novel Polymers in Shielding Using Geant4 Simulation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175051. [PMID: 34501139 PMCID: PMC8434600 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are often used in medical applications, therefore, some novel polymers and their interactions with photons have been studied. The gamma-ray shielding parameters for Polymethylpentene (PMP), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), and Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymers were determined using the Geant4 simulation and discussed in the current work. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were simulated at low and high energies between 0.059 and 1.408 MeV using different radionuclides. The accuracy of the Geant4 simulated results were checked with the XCOM software. The two different methods had good agreement with each other. Exposure buildup factor (EBF) was calculated and discussed in terms of polymers under study and photon energy. Effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) were calculated and analyzed at different energies. Additionally, the half-value layer (HVL) of the polymers was evaluated, and the results of this parameter showed that PCTFE had the highest probability of interaction with gamma photons compared to those of the other tested polymers.
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Lokhande RM, Vinayak V, Mukhamale SV, Khirade PP. Gamma radiation shielding characteristics of various spinel ferrite nanocrystals: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7925-7937. [PMID: 35423294 PMCID: PMC8695098 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the facile synthesis of Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co spinel ferrite nanocrystals via sol-gel auto-ignition and the investigation of their structural and gamma ray shielding characteristics. Experimentally, gamma ray shielding parameters are determined with different gamma ray sources and NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and theoretically via Monte-Carlo simulation (Geant4) as well as NIST-XCOM database. X-ray diffractograms elucidate the cubic spinel structure without any contaminating phases for all synthesized nano-ferrites. TEM results evidence the formation of ultrafine crystallites in nano-regime dimensions. Nanocrystalline spinel ferrites in pellet form have been exposed to gamma radiation from diverse sources by changing the radiation dose intensity. The comparative study of the linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, total atomic cross section, total electronic cross section, effective atomic number, effective electron density and half value layer for manufactured spinel ferrites is carried out using NIST-XCOM and Geant4 at 122-1330 keV. Gamma ray energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) is investigated for five selected ferrites at 100 keV to 1500 keV incident photon energy and penetration depth from 1 to 40 mfp using geometric progression (G-P) fitting technique. EABF is found to be maximum at an intermediate region, mainly attributed to the Compton scattering process. Zinc ferrite exhibits a higher value of EABF among other ferrites, which mainly depends on the chemical composition of the material and crystallite size effect. The EABF is investigated as a function of penetration depth and is found to be maximum for a penetration depth of 40 mfp. Experimental and theoretical simulation results are found to be in good agreement. The Monte-Carlo simulation of radiation interaction with materials has evidenced to be an excellent approximation tool in exploring spinel ferrite performance in radiation atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar M Lokhande
- Department of Physics, Shirish Madhukarrao Chaudhari College, Jalgaon MS 425001 India
| | - Vithal Vinayak
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College Omerga Osmanabad MS 413606 India
| | - Sachin V Mukhamale
- Department of Physics, Shri Pundlik Maharaj Mahavidyalaya Nandura Rly MS 443404 India
| | - Pankaj P Khirade
- Department of Physics, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati MS 444603 India
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Evaluation of gamma-ray and neutron attenuation properties of some polymers. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kaur P, Singh D, Singh T. Gamma rays shielding and sensing application of some rare earth doped lead-alumino-phosphate glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kaur S, Kaur A, Singh PS, Singh T. Scope of Pb-Sn binary alloys as gamma rays shielding material. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Waly ESA, Bourham MA. Comparative study of different concrete composition as gamma-ray shielding materials. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sharaf J, Saleh H. Gamma-ray energy buildup factor calculations and shielding effects of some Jordanian building structures. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Energy absorption and exposure buildup factors of essential amino acids. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:359754. [PMID: 24605325 PMCID: PMC3925512 DOI: 10.1155/2014/359754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effective atomic number and effective electron density in amino acids are of significant interest due to their use in various applications. The energy absorption buildup factors, exposure buildup factors, effective atomic numbers, and electron densities of essential amino acids such as Leucine (C6H13NO2), Lysine (C6H14N2O2), Methionine (C5H11NO2S), Phenylalanine (C9H11NO2), Threonine (C4H9NO3), Tryptophan (C11H12N2O2), Valine (C5H11NO2), Arginine (C6H14N4O2), and Histidine (C6H9N3O2) were determined theoretically in the energy range 0.015–15 MeV.
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Sharaf J, Hamideen M. Photon attenuation coefficients and shielding effects of Jordanian building materials. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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İçelli O, Mann KS, Yalçın Z, Orak S, Karakaya V. Investigation of shielding properties of some boron compounds. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kurudirek M, Sardari D, Khaledi N, Çakır C, Mann K. Investigation of X- and gamma ray photons buildup in some neutron shielding materials using GP fitting approximation. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Study of Gamma Ray Exposure Buildup Factor for Some Ceramics with Photon Energy, Penetration Depth and Chemical Composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/721606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gamma ray exposure buildup factor for some ceramics such as boron nitride (BN), magnesium diboride (MgB2), silicon carbide (SiC), titanium carbide (TiC) and ferrite (Fe3O4) has been computed using five parametric geometric progression (G.P.) fitting method in the energy range of 0.015 to 15.0 MeV, up to the penetration of 40 mean free path (mfp). The variation of exposure buildup factors for all the selected ceramics with incident photon energy, penetration depth, and chemical composition has been studied.
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Mann KS, Singla J, Kumar V, Sidhu GS. Verification of some building materials as gamma-ray shields. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:183-195. [PMID: 22223719 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The shielding properties for gamma rays of a few low Z materials were investigated. The values of the mass attenuation coefficient, equivalent atomic number, effective atomic number, exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor were calculated and used to estimate the shielding effectiveness of the samples under investigation. It has been observed that the shielding effectiveness of a sample is directly related to its effective atomic number. The shielding character of any sample is a function of the incident photon energy. Good shielding behaviour has been verified in soil samples in the photon energy region of 0.015-0.30 MeV and of dolomite in 3-15 MeV. The results have been shown graphically with more useful conclusions.
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Kaur U, Sharma JK, Singh PS, Singh T. Comparative studies of different concretes on the basis of some photon interaction parameters. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 70:233-40. [PMID: 21820906 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different photon interaction parameters viz. linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, penetration depth, equivalent atomic number, exposure buildup factor have been computed for seven different concretes (ordinary, hematite-serpentine, ilmenite-limonite, basalt-magnetite, ilmenite, steel-scrap and steel magnetite) in the energy region of 0.015-15.0MeV. The computed parameters were studied as a function of incident photon energy, chemical composition and penetration depth of the selected concretes. It has been observed that among the selected concretes, steel magnetite offers maximum value for linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, equivalent atomic number and least values in terms of penetration depth equivalent to mean free path and exposure buildup factors. Hence, it is concluded that it offers better shielding among the selected concretes. It is expected that in case of any nuclear accident, the presented buildup factor data may be helpful in estimating the effective dose given to people living in buildings constructed from one of the selected concretes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Updesh Kaur
- Department of Physics, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
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Kurudirek M, Özdemir Y. Energy absorption and exposure buildup factors for some polymers and tissue substitute materials: photon energy, penetration depth and chemical composition dependence. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2011; 31:117-128. [PMID: 21346285 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/31/1/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The gamma ray energy absorption and exposure buildup factors have been calculated by using the five parameter geometric progression (GP) fitting formula for some polymers and tissue substitute materials in the energy region 0.015-15 MeV up to a penetration depth of 40 mean free paths. From the results, it is worth noting that significant variations occur in gamma ray buildup factors for the given polymers and tissue substitute materials depending on photon energy, penetration depth and chemical composition of the materials. Also, it was observed that there are significant variations between energy absorption (EABF) and exposure (EBF) buildup factors which may be due to the variations in chemical composition of the materials used. Finally, it is expected that the presented buildup factor data may be helpful in (a) estimating the effective dose to be given to patients in radiation therapy and diagnostics, hence allowing corrections to be made to the intensity of radiation, as it is somewhat problematic to evaluate the real absorbed dose in critical organs due to the probability of photon buildup somewhere inside the medium; (b) estimating the health hazards arising from the exposure of the human body to radiation, thus it will be helpful in controlling the exposure of the human body to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kurudirek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Analysis of some Earth, Moon and Mars samples in terms of gamma ray energy absorption buildup factors: Penetration depth, weight fraction of constituent elements and photon energy dependence. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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