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Wang Y, Su S, Xiao J, Lin D. Positive character and psychological well-being: A nuanced examination among adolescents from diverse rural-urban and migration contexts. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39315619 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positive character is an integral component of positive youth development that relates to psychological well-being among adolescents, yet the literature has largely overlooked its within-group variation. This study examined the latent profiles of positive character and explored their variation in psychological well-being across four adolescent groups (i.e., migrant, left-behind, rural local, and urban local adolescents) within each profile. METHODS A diverse sample of 15,895 adolescents from 10 provinces of China (Meanage = 13.16, SD = 2.53; 47.5% girls) completed a cross-sectional survey on positive character and psychological well-being in 2017. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted based on four positive characters. We investigated the distribution of each positive character profile across subgroups, as well as if and how the psychological well-being varied across different adolescent groups within each profile. RESULTS LPA revealed three subgroups, including "Thriving" (53.6%), "Moderate" (39.1%), and "Lagging" (7.4%) positive character profiles. The "Thriving" profile was more prevalent among the urban local (58.5%) and migrant (55.8%) adolescent groups, while the "Lagging" profile was most prevalent among the left-behind adolescent group (11.6%). Urban local and migrant adolescents tended to show better psychological well-being compared to rural local and left-behind adolescents, and the disparities were generally more pronounced under the "Thriving" profile as compared to the "Moderate" and "Lagging" profiles. CONCLUSIONS Three positive character profiles were captured among four groups of Chinese adolescents varied in parental migration status and rural-urban residency. Tailored youth development programs are needed for different groups of adolescents varying in positive character profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobing Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiale Xiao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Yang PJ, McGinley M. Positive youth development of Tayal and Han adolescents in Taiwan: A cultural and structural perspective. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39154279 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using the Five Cs model of positive youth development (PYD), this study aimed to provide a socio-structural and cultural understanding of PYD in Indigenous Tayal youth by examining the specificity in the development of Five Cs (Competence, Confidence, Character, Caring, and Connection) between Tayal and Han youth in Taiwan. METHODS A sample of 847 Tayal and Han adolescents (43.8% Tayal, 47.9% girls, Mage = 14.83, SD = 0.50) were drawn from a larger study (September 2014 to August 2017). Adolescent participants completed questionnaires asking about their Five Cs, contribution behavior, and depressive symptomatology. RESULTS Measurement invariance was conducted to explore specificity between Tayal and Han youth's Five Cs performance. A bi-factor Five Cs model was identified and partial metric and partial scalar measurement invariance was established between the two samples. Across both groups an overarching PYD factor, which was associated with increased contribution and lower depressive symptomatology, was identified. Specificity was observed in the Tayal sample, particularly relating to indicators of Competence, Character, Caring, and Connection. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide a sociocultural-informed lens regarding the specificity of development in Tayal youth. Character, Caring, and Connection appear to contribute significantly more to the overall PYD for Tayal adolescents than their Han peers. Findings relating to Competence suggest that the educational environment may not be aligned with the learning style of Tayal youth. This study has policy and practical implications for Tayal youth, and can further help inform program development in Taiwan and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meredith McGinley
- Department of Psychology, Professional Counseling, and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
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Buenconsejo JU, Datu JAD, Liu D. Does grit predict thriving or is it the other way around? A latent cross-lagged panel model on the triarchic model of grit and the 5Cs of positive youth development. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 39150081 DOI: 10.1111/jora.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Grit, defined as passion and perseverance to achieve long-term goals, has been associated with adolescents' optimal academic and psychological functioning. However, the role of grit in adolescents' positive youth development (PYD)-characterized by the 5Cs known as competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring-remains unknown. Using latent cross-lagged panel modeling, this study examined the longitudinal relations between the triarchic model of grit (TMG) dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interest, and adaptability to situations), and the 5Cs of PYD while controlling for specific socio-demographic covariates (gender, age, SES, and school type). Data were obtained from 1620 Filipino adolescents (Mage = 17.15; SDage = 1.00) in November 2021 and May 2022. Results show that grit dimensions predicted subsequent PYD dimensions, but not vice versa. Specifically, while perseverance and adaptability were linked to higher levels of competence, confidence, and character, consistency was associated with lower levels of competence and confidence six months later. Results highlight the importance of grit's dimensions in facilitating PYD characteristics among adolescents, especially efficacy-related Cs (competence and confidence). Theoretical and practical implications in promoting adolescent thriving and well-being are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Uy Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jesus Alfonso D Datu
- Academic Unit of Human Communication, Learning and Development, Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Buenconsejo JU, Datu JAD. Mere religiosity is not enough! Spirituality strengthens the relations between religiosity and positive youth development. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1304-1319. [PMID: 37492011 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Although prior research shows that either religiosity or spirituality facilitates well-being, the interaction of both constructs in predicting positive youth development (PYD) in collectivistic contexts remains unknown. This study examined the moderating role of spirituality on the link between religiosity and PYD, including each of its Cs (i.e., competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) among 1116 Filipino adolescents. Results demonstrate that both religiosity and spirituality are positively correlated with PYD and its dimensions. Furthermore, there is a significant interaction between religiosity and spirituality for the overall PYD construct and the socio-emotional Cs (i.e., connection, character, and caring). This study highlights the importance of young people's sense of connection with something beyond than themselves (i.e., spirituality) in promoting adolescent thriving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet U Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jesus Alfonso D Datu
- Teacher Education and Learning Leadership Academic Unit - Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Yıldırım S, Arslan Y. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Positive Youth Development Scale - Turkish Version. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2362-2387. [PMID: 37847854 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we translated to Turkish and evaluated the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance for respondent sex, grade level and analysis programs the Short Form and Very Short Form of the Positive Youth Development Scale (Turkish version). We had 435 youth, aged 11-17 years, complete the Short (34 items) and Very Short (17 items) Forms of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that both forms had a 5-factor structure, and validity testing showed good criterion-related correlation validity between this tool and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The Short Form had adequate reliability coefficients, but the Very Short Form lacked sufficient reliability for some dimensions. Test-retest correlations were satisfactory for both forms. While the Short and Very Short Forms showed measurement invariance across gender and grade level, CFI, NNFI (TLI), and IFI values diverged between LISREL and AMOS analysis programs. In summary, our data suggest that the Short Form is a reliable measure of positive youth development, while the Very Short Form may not be as reliable due to insufficient confidence values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Yıldırım
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkiye
| | - Yunus Arslan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkiye
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Johnson SK, Ettekal AV. The Five Cs of Positive Youth Development: Configurations of Thriving in Four U.S. Adolescent Samples. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:656-679. [PMID: 36333986 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Positive youth development (PYD) models are widespread, but the empirical evidence for them is primarily nomothetic (i.e., investigations of universal patterns). Contemporary developmental theory suggests that concepts and processes within PYD models should also be explored with respect to specificity. This study demonstrates how the Five Cs Model, a predominant PYD model, can be advanced using group-differential methods. Secondary data from four studies of adolescents were used to test: (1) Whether there were subgroups who varied in their patterns of scores across the Five Cs, and (2) Whether subgroups also varied in Contribution behaviors. Unexpectedly, the four data sets used could not be combined, yielding an opportunity to discuss consistencies and inconsistencies in findings across the four data sets through contextual and sample differences. Findings demonstrate how understanding specificity in theorized concepts and processes in PYD models can complement studies of universal patterns, which are both necessary to advance PYD research and practice.
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Buenconsejo JU, Datu JAD, Chiu MM, Chan RCH. Psychometric validity and measurement invariance of positive youth development in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2022.2078719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wang Y, Li X, Bronk KC, Lin D. Factors that promote positive Chinese youth development: a qualitative study. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2022.2060225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University
| | | | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University
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Wang Z, Hong B, Zhang Y, Su Y, Li M, Zhao L, Jia P. Children and adolescents' positive youth development qualities and internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study in China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1068737. [PMID: 36713917 PMCID: PMC9875032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1068737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Recent studies have shown that the qualities of children and adolescents' positive youth development (PYD) enable them to cope with developmental challenges in an adaptive manner and maintain healthy functioning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still a lack of reporting on changes in children and adolescents' PYD qualities and Internet addiction and their relationship. This study investigated the association between PYD qualities and Internet addiction among the children and adolescents who have experienced the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS A school-based cohort survey was launched in December 2019 (Wave 1, before COVID-19 lockdown) and followed up in June 2020 (Wave 2, after COVID-19 lockdown). The Chinese PYD scale (80 items, scoring 80-480) and Young's Internet addiction test (20 items, scoring 20-100) were used to evaluate the children and adolescents' PYD qualities and the degree of their Internet addiction, respectively. Cross-sectional regressions, longitudinal regressions, and cross-lagged panel model were used to examine the association between PYD qualities and Internet addiction. RESULTS 7,985 children and adolescents completed both waves of surveys. Compared with children and adolescents before lockdown (Wave 1), their total PYD quality dropped from 4.99 to 4.96 after COVID-19 lockdown (Wave 2), and the mean score for Internet addiction rose from 35.56 to 36.16. Cross-sectional analysis showed that after controlling for basic characteristics such as age and gender, the total PYD quality of children and adolescents in two waves was negatively correlated with the degree of Internet addiction during the same period, with β of -6.10 and -6.95, respectively. Longitudinal analysis showed that after controlling for basic characteristics, children and adolescents' total PYD quality in Wave 1 was negatively correlated with the Wave 2 of Internet addiction and the change between the two waves of Internet addiction, with β of -3.35 and -0.26, respectively. Cross-lagged panel models showed a negative bilateral relationship between total PYD quality and Internet addiction. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, the qualities of children and adolescents' PYD declined, which makes children and adolescents more vulnerable to Internet addiction. Therefore, it is necessary to widely implement programs in China that can comprehensively improve the qualities of children and adolescents' positive development to prevent Internet addiction, especially after the blockade due to public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Binxue Hong
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Healthcare Evaluation and Organization Analysis (HEOA) Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Contributions of the specificity principle to theory, research, and application in the study of human development: A view of the issues. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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