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Byrne ME, Shank LM, Lavender JM, Higgins-Neyland MK, Rice A, Sweeney RS, Norton C, Haigney M, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of loss-of-control eating in relation to cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers. Obes Rev 2024:e13805. [PMID: 39103303 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, or the subjective experience of being unable to stop eating, is a hallmark feature of binge-eating episodes, which are also characterized by consuming an unusually large amount of food. However, regardless of the size of eating episode, LOC-eating may be a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively examine the relationship of LOC-eating with cardiometabolic health components and inflammatory markers. METHODS Search procedures were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines in six electronic databases. Studies of adult or youth samples published in English from the year 2000 onward were included. Given heterogeneity in age groups and adjustment for body mass index across studies, these factors were included as meta-regression moderators. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were identified through the literature search. Among individuals with (versus without) LOC-eating, relative risk ratios provided evidence of a greater relative risk for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; standardized mean differences also provided evidence of higher waist circumference and impaired levels of fasting plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides, but not blood pressure. Age group did not impact cardiometabolic health components. Body mass index differences moderated the effect on waist circumference. A narrative review of inflammatory markers revealed mixed findings linking inflammatory markers to LOC-eating. DISCUSSION Overall, evidence for the relationship between LOC-eating and impaired cardiometabolic health underscores LOC-eating as an important early intervention target for prevention of serious adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Byrne
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mary Katy Higgins-Neyland
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Rice
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Regan S Sweeney
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark Haigney
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Fogh M, Lund MAV, Mollerup PM, Johansen MØ, Melskens RH, Trier C, Kloppenborg JT, Hansen T, Holm JC. Disturbed eating behaviours do not impact treatment response in a paediatric obesity chronic care treatment programme. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56:542-549. [PMID: 31693771 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours in children and adolescents initiating obesity treatment, and how the prevalence varies with age, sex and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS). Secondly, it examines whether the presence of disturbed eating behaviours at enrolment is associated with the degree of weight loss after 12 months of treatment. METHODS A total of 3621 patients aged 3-18 years enrolled in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment programme were studied. Follow-up data after a median of 12.4 months were available for 2055 patients. Upon entry, patients were assessed for the following disturbed eating behaviours: meal skipping, emotional eating, overeating and rapid eating. Height and weight were measured at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS At enrolment, median age was 11.4 years, median BMI SDS was 2.87, and 82.2% of patients exhibited one or more disturbed eating behaviours. The prevalence of meal skipping, emotional eating and rapid eating increased with age (P < 0.01). Patients who reported overeating or rapid eating exhibited a 0.06-0.11 higher BMI SDS at enrolment than patients without these disturbed eating behaviours (P < 0.02). After 1 year of treatment, BMI SDS was reduced in 75.7% of patients, and the median reduction was 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.27). Overeating was associated with a higher degree of weight loss, while meal skipping, emotional eating and rapid eating did not associate with the degree of weight loss at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Disturbed eating behaviours were highly prevalent in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, and varied with age and sex. After 1 year of treatment, the degree of obesity improved, regardless of the presence of disturbed eating behaviours at treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Fogh
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A V Lund
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille M Mollerup
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Mia Ø Johansen
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Rikke H Melskens
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Caecilie Trier
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Julie T Kloppenborg
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Byrne ME, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Kelly NM, Grammer AC, Jaramillo M, Mi SJ, Stojek MM, Shank LM, Burke NL, Cassidy O, Schvey NA, Brady SM, Demidowich AP, Broadney MM, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Pediatric Loss-of-Control Eating and Anxiety in Relation to Components of Metabolic Syndrome. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 44:220-228. [PMID: 30339233 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with, and predictive of, gains in adiposity and adverse metabolic outcomes. In addition, some preliminary data suggest that anxiety may exacerbate the relationship of LOC eating with weight and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related measures. We therefore examined whether anxiety moderated the relationship between LOC eating and body mass index z (BMIz), adiposity, and MetS-related measures in youth. Methods A convenience sample of non-treatment-seeking boys and girls of varying weight strata were interviewed to determine the presence of LOC eating and completed a questionnaire assessing trait anxiety. BMIz and MetS-related measures (blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and insulin) were measured after an overnight fast. Adiposity was assessed by air displacement plethysmography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, height, fat mass, and depressive symptoms, as appropriate. Results In all, 379 youths (13.0 ± 2.8 years; 53% female; BMIz = 0.8 ± 1.1; 22% with LOC eating) were studied. Anxiety was not significantly related to BMIz, adiposity, or MetS-related measures. However, anxiety and LOC eating interacted such that only among youth with LOC eating, anxiety was positively associated with fasting insulin (p = .02) and insulin resistance (p = .01). The interaction of anxiety and LOC eating was not significantly related to BMIz, adiposity, or any other MetS-related measure (ps = ns). Conclusions Only among non-treatment-seeking youth with LOC eating, anxiety may be associated with increased insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and explore mechanisms for these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Byrne
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Nichole M Kelly
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Anne Claire Grammer
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Manuela Jaramillo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Sarah J Mi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Monika M Stojek
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF)
| | - Natasha L Burke
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Omni Cassidy
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS).,Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Miranda M Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, DHHS
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS
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Tanofsky-Kraff M, Schvey NA, Grilo CM. A developmental framework of binge-eating disorder based on pediatric loss of control eating. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020; 75:189-203. [PMID: 32052994 PMCID: PMC7027731 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although binge-eating disorder may manifest in childhood, a significantly larger proportion of youth report episodes involving a loss of control while eating, the hallmark feature of binge eating that predicts excess weight gain and obesity. Adults with binge-eating disorder often report that symptoms emerged during childhood or adolescence, suggesting that a developmental perspective of binge eating may be warranted. Thus, loss of control eating may be a marker of prodromal binge-eating disorder among certain susceptible youth. The present article offers a broad developmental framework of binge-eating disorder and proposes areas of future research to determine which youths with loss of control eating are at risk for persistent and exacerbated behavior that may develop into binge-eating disorder and adult obesity. To this end, this article provides an overview of loss of control eating in childhood and adolescence, including its characterization, etiology, and clinical significance, with a particular focus on associations with metabolic risk, weight gain, and obesity. A conceptual model is proposed to further elucidate the mechanisms that may play a role in determining which youths with loss of control are at greatest risk for binge-eating disorder and obesity. Ways in which treatments for adult binge-eating disorder may inform approaches to reduce loss of control eating and prevent excess weight gain in youth are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
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5
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Chevinsky JD, Wadden TA, Chao AM. Binge Eating Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Management Challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1117-1131. [PMID: 32341661 PMCID: PMC7166070 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of disordered eating behaviors including binge eating disorder (BED). Comorbid BED in patients with T2DM has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as higher body mass index (BMI) and depressive symptoms. Identifying and addressing this disorder in patients with T2DM is a significant challenge for health-care providers. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss current perspectives on BED in the context of T2DM with implications for screening and management of these highly comorbid conditions. BED continues to be underrecognized and underdiagnosed. However, there are established tools that providers can use to screen for BED such as the SCOFF Questionnaire and Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5. There are several effective treatments for BED including cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. However, few studies have examined the effects of these treatments in patients with co-morbid T2DM and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M Chao
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Ariana M Chao University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA19104, USATel +1215-746-7183Fax +1215-898-2878 Email
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Türkoğlu S, Çetin FH. The relationship between chronotype and obesity in children and adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1138-1147. [PMID: 31177853 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1622131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have a high prevalence of obesity, but the relationship between these two problems is not clear. Chronotype preferences may be one of the possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD and obesity. This is the first study to investigate whether chronotype preferences are a mechanism linking ADHD symptoms to obesity in children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 110 drug-naive children and adolescents aged 7-17 years with ADHD. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used to diagnose ADHD or to exclude psychiatric comorbidity. The Conners' Parents Rating Scale-Revised Short Version (CPRS-RS) and Children's Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ) were used to assess the severity of ADHD symptoms and chronotype preferences. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to national age- and gender-specific reference values. The participants were divided into three groups as normal weight (<85%, n = 38), overweight (85%-95%, n = 30) and obesity (>95%, n = 42) according to their BMI percentile. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of chronotype preference (p = .000). Morningness preference was 86.84% in the normal BMI group and 26.19% in the obese BMI group. Eveningness preference was 7.89% in the normal BMI group and 61.90% in the obese BMI group. There was a correlation between the BMI percentile scores and the morningness/eveningness scale (M/E) scores. Moreover, there was a correlation between the BMI percentile scores and the oppositional and ADHD index scores. According to logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of having evening type for obesity was 5.66 and the odds ratio of having morning type for normal weight was 13.03. Independently from ADHD symptoms, eveningness was directly related to obesity and morningness was directly related to normal weight. Prospective studies should be performed to better understand the relationship between ADHD, overweight/obesity and chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Türkoğlu
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
| | - Fatih Hilmi Çetin
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
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7
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Satiety regulation in children with loss of control eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A test meal study. Appetite 2017; 116:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To gain further understanding of the general medical comorbidity of binge eating disorder (BED) beyond its association with obesity. METHOD We reviewed studies of general medical comorbidity in people with BED or clinically significant binge eating behavior beyond obesity. We also reviewed studies of BED in specific medical conditions. RESULTS Three broad study categories of medical comorbidity in BED were found: cross-sectional studies of medical conditions in BED; prospective studies of medical conditions in BED; and studies of BED in specific medical conditions. Cross-sectional epidemiologic data suggest that BED is associated with medical conditions related to obesity, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemias, sleep problems/disorders, and pain conditions, and that BED may be related to these conditions independent of obesity and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Prospective data suggest that BED may be associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. BED or binge eating behavior is also associated with asthma and gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders, and among women, menstrual dysfunction, pregnancy complications, intracranial hypertension, and polycystic ovary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS BED is associated with substantial medical comorbidity beyond obesity. Further study of the general medical comorbidity of BED and its relationship to obesity and co-occurring psychiatric disorders is greatly needed.
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He J, Cai Z, Fan X. Prevalence of binge and loss of control eating among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: An exploratory meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:91-103. [PMID: 28039879 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the inconsistency of the research findings in the current literature, the prevalence of binge and loss of control (LOC) eating among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity remains unclear. By using the meta-analytic approach, this article aimed at exploring the prevalence of binge/LOC eating among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and at identifying potential moderators, which may have contributed to the heterogeneity of the existing research findings. METHOD Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global) were searched. The search period covered the research literature up to April 2016. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the overall prevalence. Weighted random-effects model ANOVAs and univariate random-effects meta-regression were applied for the analysis of categorical moderators and continuous moderators, respectively. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were identified. The overall prevalence of binge/LOC eating was estimated to be 26.3% (95% CI: 23.1-29.7%), with 22.2% (95% CI: 18.6-26.3%) and 31.2% (95% CI: 26.1-36.9%) for binge eating and LOC eating, respectively. Treatment status, binge eating vs. LOC eating and assessment methods appeared to be associated with the inconsistencies of the prevalence rates across the studies. DISCUSSION The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that binge/LOC eating was prevalent among more than one quarter of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Considering the close relationship between disordered eating behaviors and obesity, future research concerning overweight and obesity among children and adolescents needs to take binge/LOC eating into consideration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:91-103).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xitao Fan
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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10
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Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to: Evaluate the evidence regarding parental and child characteristics related to early-onset disordered eating. ABSTRACT Eating disorders are rare in children, but disordered eating is common. Understanding the phenomenology of disordered eating in childhood can aid prevention of full-blown eating disorders. The purpose of this review is to systematically extract and synthesize the evidence on parental and child characteristics related to early-onset disordered eating. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo using the following search terms: eating disorder, disordered eating, problem eating, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating, child, preadolescent, and early onset. Studies published from 1990 to 2013 addressing parental and child characteristics of disordered eating in children aged 6 to 12 years were eligible for inclusion. The search was restricted to studies with cross-sectional, case-control, or longitudinal designs, studies in English, and with abstracts available. Forty-four studies fit these criteria. Most studies were based on community samples with a cross-sectional design. The included studies varied considerably in size, instruments used to assess early-onset disordered eating, and parental and child characteristics investigated. Important determinants included the following: higher body weight, previously reported disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, parental disordered eating, and parental comments/concerns about child's weight and eating. The findings were inconsistent for sex, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, self-esteem/worth, and parental body weight. In conclusion, characteristics related to early-onset disordered eating have mainly been explored with a cross-sectional design. Full understanding of causal pathways will require good-quality longitudinal studies designed to address the influence of parental eating behaviors, mental and physical health, family interactions, and child growth patterns.
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Mama SK, Schembre SM, O'Connor DP, Kaplan CD, Bode S, Lee RE. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to reduce binge eating symptoms in African American and Hispanic women. Appetite 2015; 95:269-74. [PMID: 26188275 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifestyle interventions that promote physical activity and healthy dietary habits may reduce binge eating symptoms and be more feasible and sustainable among ethnic minority women, who are less likely to seek clinical treatment for eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) whether participating in a lifestyle intervention is a feasible way to decrease binge eating symptoms (BES) and (2) whether changes in BES differed by intervention (physical activity vs. dietary habits) and binge eating status at baseline (binger eater vs. non-binge eater) in African American and Hispanic women. METHOD Health Is Power (HIP) was a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to promote physical activity and improve dietary habits. Women (N = 180) who completed anthropometric measures and questionnaires assessing fruit and vegetable and dietary fat intake, BES and demographics at baseline and post-intervention six months later were included in the current study. RESULTS Over one-fourth (27.8%) of participants were categorized as binge-eaters. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant two- and three-way interactions. Decreases in BES over time were greater in binge eaters than in non-binge eaters (F(1,164) = 33.253, p < .001), and women classified as binge eaters who participated in the physical activity intervention reported greater decreases in BES than non-binge eaters in the dietary habits intervention (F(1,157) = 5.170, p = .024). DISCUSSION Findings suggest behavioral interventions to increase physical activity may lead to reductions in BES among ethnic minority women and ultimately reduce the prevalence of binge eating disorder and health disparities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Unit 1440, Houston, TX 77030-3906, USA; Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Gym Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Unit 1330, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Gym Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Charles D Kaplan
- Hamovitch Center for Science in the Human Services, School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA.
| | - Sharon Bode
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Gym Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd,St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Moschonis G, Georgiou A, Sarapi K, Manios Y. Association of distorted eating behaviors with cardiometabolic risk indices in preadolescents. The Healthy Growth Study. Appetite 2015; 91:35-40. [PMID: 25819605 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The association between distorted eating behavior (DEB) with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children has been poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to examine the association between DEB with certain CMR indices in 9- to 13-year-old children in Greece. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 1803 schoolchildren from 77 primary schools in 4 counties of Greece with full data on DEBQ and ChEAT questionnaires and CMR indices. Children underwent anthropometric measurements and Tanner stage, serum lipid, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels assessments. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to test for the association between components of DEBQ and ChEAT with CMR indices. Several significant associations between components of DEBQ and ChEAT with CMR indices were observed when tested at univariate regression models in both boys and girls. However, after adjusting for several possible confounders, including Tanner stage, all significant associations were lost in girls while only a few remained in boys. Thus, DEB might have an unfavorable effect also in certain CMR indices, besides nourishment status. This is more pronounced in preadolescent boys for whom hormonal changes due to the transition to adolescence have not yet been established compared to girls. Still further research is needed to shed more light on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarapi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671 Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
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Abraham TM, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Yanovski JA, Fox CS. Metabolic characterization of adults with binge eating in the general population: the Framingham Heart Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2441-9. [PMID: 25136837 PMCID: PMC4224974 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the metabolic profile of individuals with objective binge eating (OBE) and to evaluate whether associations between OBE and metabolic risk factors are mediated by body mass index (BMI). METHODS Participants from the Framingham Heart Study, Third Generation and Omni 2 cohorts (n = 3,551, 53.1% women, mean age 46.4 years) were screened for binge eating. Multivariable-adjusted regression models to examine the associations of OBE with metabolic risk factors were used. RESULTS The prevalence of OBE was 4.8% in women and 4.9% in men. Compared to non-binge eating, OBE was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.32-2.60), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-2.01), low HDL (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18-2.44), insulin resistance (OR 3.18, 95% CI 2.25-4.50) and metabolic syndrome (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.94-3.90). Fasting glucose was 7.2 mg dl(-1) higher in those with OBE (P = 0.0001). Individuals with OBE had more visceral, subcutaneous and liver fat. Most of these associations were attenuated with adjustment for BMI, with the exception of fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS Binge eating is associated with a high burden of metabolic risk factors. Much of the associated risk appears to be mediated by BMI, with the exception of fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin M Abraham
- Department of Endocrinology, Hypertension and Diabetes, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Tanofsky-Kraff M, Shomaker LB, Stern EA, Miller R, Sebring N, DellaValle D, Yanovski SZ, Hubbard VS, Yanovski JA. Children's binge eating and development of metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36:956-62. [PMID: 22234282 PMCID: PMC3454442 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating predisposes children to excessive weight gain. However, it is unknown if pediatric binge eating predicts other obesity-associated adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between binge eating and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. METHOD Children aged 5-12 years at high risk for adult obesity, either because they were overweight/obese when first examined or because their parents were overweight/obese, were recruited from Washington, DC and its suburbs. Children completed a questionnaire assessment of binge eating at baseline and underwent measurements of MetS components at baseline and at a follow-up visit approximately 5 years later. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a subset. RESULTS In all, 180 children were studied between July 1996 and August 2010. Baseline self-reported binge eating presence was associated with a 5.33 greater odds of having MetS at follow-up (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47, 19.27, P=0.01). The association between binge eating and body mass index (BMI) only partially explained changes in MetS components: baseline binge eating predicted higher follow-up triglycerides, even after accounting for baseline triglycerides, baseline BMI, BMI change, sex, race, baseline age and time in study (P = 0.05). Also, adjusting for baseline VAT and demographics, baseline binge eating predicted greater follow-up L(2-3) VAT (P = 0.01). DISCUSSION Children's reports of binge eating predicted development of MetS, worsening triglycerides and increased VAT. The excessive weight gain associated with children's binge eating partly explained its adverse metabolic health outcomes. Reported binge eating may represent an early behavioral marker upon which to focus interventions for obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lauren B. Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Stern
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Rachel Miller
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nancy Sebring
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Diane DellaValle
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Van S. Hubbard
- Division of Nutrition Research Coordination, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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15
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Palavras MA, Kaio GH, Mari JDJ, Claudino AM. A review of Latin American studies on binge eating disorder. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2012; 33 Suppl 1:S81-108. [PMID: 21845337 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the state of the art of the scientific literature on binge eating disorder in Latin America. METHOD A literature search of studies conducted in Latin American countries using the term "binge eating" was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, and PsycINFO. Selected articles described studies developed with Latin American samples that met partial or complete DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder. RESULTS 8,123 articles were screened and 30 studies met the inclusion criteria (18 cross-sectional studies, 5 clinical trials, 4 case reports, 2 validity studies, and 1 cohort study). Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil (27), one in Argentina, one in Colombia, and one in Venezuela. The prevalence of binge eating disorder among obese people attending weight loss programs ranged between 16% and 51.6%. The comparison between obese people with and without binge eating disorder showed a tendency of higher weight, longer history of weight fluctuation, more concern about shape and weight, and association with psychiatric comorbidity in those with binge eating disorder. CONCLUSION Binge eating disorder is a detectable phenomenon in Latin America with clinical features similar to those found in the international literature. This review provides support for the consideration of binge eating disorder as a distinct eating disorder in the International Classification of Diseases - 11th edition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly Amorim Palavras
- Programa de Atenção aos Transtornos Alimentares (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Although quite overlooked, increasing evidence points to a significant association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. Here, we present an updated systematic review and a critical discussion of studies on the relationship between ADHD and obesity, with a particular emphasis on the possible behavioral, neurobiological, and genetics underlying mechanisms. Available empirically based studies indicate that the prevalence of ADHD in clinical samples of patients seeking treatment for their obesity is higher than that in the general population. Moreover, although still limited, current evidence shows that individuals with ADHD have higher-than-average body mass index z-scores and/or significantly higher obesity rates compared with subjects without ADHD. Three mechanisms underlying the association between ADHD and obesity have been proposed: (1) obesity and/or factors associated with it (such as sleep-disordered breathing and deficits in arousal/alertness) manifest as ADHD-like symptoms; (2) ADHD and obesity share common genetics and neurobiological dysfunctions, involving the dopaminergic and, possibly, other systems (e.g., brain-derived neurotropic factor, melanocortin-4-receptor); and (3) impulsivity and inattention of ADHD contribute to weight gain via dysregulated eating patterns. With regards to the possible clinical implications, we suggest that it is noteworthy to screen for ADHD in patients with obesity and to look for abnormal eating behaviors as possible contributing factors of obesity in patients with ADHD. If further studies confirm a causal relationship between ADHD and obesity, appropriate treatment of ADHD may improve eating patterns and, as a consequence, weight status of individuals with both obesity and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cortese
- Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA,
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Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B, Czaja J. Eating behavior and familial interactions of children with loss of control eating: a laboratory test meal study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:510-8. [PMID: 20089727 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of control (LOC) eating in children leads to excessive weight gain. However, few studies have investigated the eating behavior of children with LOC eating and psychological and familial factors that maintain the eating behavior. OBJECTIVE This study sought to measure food intake in children with LOC eating and to examine maintenance through negative mood and parent-child mealtime interactions. DESIGN Children with or without LOC eating (n = 120, aged 8-13 y) consumed a parent-child test meal and a child-only meal, consisting of snack food, after the induction of negative mood. Food intake, mood, sense of LOC, hunger, satiety, and mealtime interactions were assessed. RESULTS Regardless of mood induction, children with LOC eating showed a greater intake of energy, fat, and protein and a greater sense of LOC than did those without LOC in the child-only snack group, which was accounted for by greater baseline hunger and satiety. Independently, children with high recurrent LOC eating had a greater food intake at both test meals than did those with low recurrent LOC eating. Overall, mealtime interactions did not differ between groups, but parents of children with LOC eating expressed more weight-related critique than did parents of children without LOC eating outside negative mood induction. Predictors of food intake were greater antecedent hunger or less satiety, stronger antecedent sense of LOC, and more weight-related critique. CONCLUSIONS The results showed objective abnormalities in the eating behavior of children with LOC eating that were mostly unrelated to negative mood or dysfunctional mealtime interactions. Further research is required to specify factors maintaining LOC eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Department of Psychology Philipps University of Marburg Marburg Germany.
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Mehlenbeck RS, Jelalian E, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Hart CN. Effects of Behavioral Weight Control Intervention on Binge Eating Symptoms Among Overweight Adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2009; 46:776-786. [PMID: 24146437 DOI: 10.1002/pits.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined change in binge eating symptoms reported by moderately overweight adolescents following participation in a behavioral weight control intervention. A total of 194 adolescents across two randomized controlled trials participated. Adolescents in both study samples endorsed a mild level of binge eating symptoms at baseline. Results from both Study 1 and Study 2 indicate a significant reduction in binge eating symptoms following participation in a 16-week weight control intervention, F(1,60) = 9.43, p<.01 and F(1,98) = 20.98, p<.01, respectively. Several significant relationships between measures of self-concept and binge eating symptoms were noted, with lower self-concept scores related to higher binge eating symptoms scores at baseline. Changes in binge eating symptoms were also related to changes in physical appearance self-concept, global self-concept and physical self-worth at the end of the intervention. In conclusion, findings from this study support an emerging body of evidence suggesting that dietary restriction, as practiced through participation in a weight control intervention, leads to a reduction in binge eating symptoms among overweight adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Mehlenbeck
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Hilbert A, Rief W, Tuschen-Caffier B, de Zwaan M, Czaja J. Loss of control eating and psychological maintenance in children: an ecological momentary assessment study. Behav Res Ther 2008; 47:26-33. [PMID: 19010458 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research suggests that binge eating is a common experience in youth. However, it remains largely unknown how children's binge eating presents in everyday life and which psychological factors serve to maintain this binge eating. METHODS Children aged 8-13 years with binge eating (n=59), defined as at least one episode of loss of control (LOC) over eating within the past three months, and 59 matched children without LOC history were recruited from the community. Following a combined random- and event-sampling protocol, children were interviewed about their day-to-day eating behavior, mood, and eating disorder-specific cognitions using child-specific cell phones during a 4-day assessment period in their natural environment. RESULTS LOC episodes led to a significantly greater intake of energy, particularly from carbohydrates, than regular meals of children with and without LOC eating. While LOC episodes were preceded and followed by cognitions about food/eating and body image, there was minimal evidence that negative mood states were antecedents of LOC eating. CONCLUSIONS The results provide support for the construct validity of LOC eating in children. Maintenance theories of binge eating for adults apply to children regarding eating disorder-specific cognitions, but the association with affect regulation difficulties requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Psychology, Gutenbergstrasse 18, Marburg, Germany.
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